surmisen.

Brit.

/səˈmʌɪz/,

/ˈsəːmʌɪz/,

/səːˈmʌɪz/, U.S.

/sərˈmaɪz/,

/ˈsərˌmaɪz/

Forms: Also Middle English–1500s -myse, (1500s -mies, 1600s Anglo-Irish -mishe), 1500s–1700s -mize.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman, Old French surmise, verbal noun < surmettre : see surmise v.

†1. Law. A formal allegation or information; spec. in Ecclesiastical Law, the allegation in the libel. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > [noun] > a charge, accusation, or allegation

crimec1384

calla1400

allegation1402

advocacya1413

allegeancea1430

objection1440

surmise1451

charge1477

ditement1502

crimination1534

allegement1594

appeach1628

1451 Rolls of Parl. V. 218/2 That averment..may be hadde..for every partie..to have or enjoye any of the premisses, by theire surmyse that the seid Londes..were yeven or graunted for other Londes [etc.].

1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 334/1 That al suche persones..uppon whom any suche surmyse is made, so that it be thought by the Justicez..afore whome suche surmyses is hadde, that suche surmyse is trewe and not doon of malice, remayne and abyde yn youre prisone.

1485 Rolls of Parl. VI. 327/1 The said John Calcote the Fader, by an untrue surmyse made unto King Edward the fourth..was appeched of high Treason.

a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1908) II. 473 A surmyse made to my lorde prynce of diuerse Iniuryes don by hym & oþer persones.

1534 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 317 That the seid henry..exhybyt one other byll of surmyse for the premyssez in to the kynges Courte of Chauncery.

1595 Expos. Terms Law at Ley In cases of secrecie where the plaintife cannot proue the surmise of his suit by any deed or open acte.

1713 E. Gibson Codex Juris Eccl. Anglicani 1071/2 Prohibition may be granted upon a Collateral Surmise: That is, upon a Surmise of some Fact or Matter not appearing in the Libel.

†2. An allegation, charge, imputation; esp. a false, unfounded, or unproved charge or allegation. Obsolete (in later use merged in sense 4).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > [noun] > often unfounded

surmise1531

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. xi. sig. Siv^v In them that be constante, is neuer mistrust or suspition, nor any surmise or iuell reporte can withdrawe them from their affection.

?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Three Bks. Eng. Hist. (1844) 38 After being reserved ix. monthes for that cause, and her surmise founde false, she was burned.

1563 2nd Tome Homelyes sig. Zzz.iii It is the craftie surmyse of the Deull to perswade vs it.

1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. xi. [xviii.] i. 296 They wage one poore man or other, to become a bodger, and thereto get him a licence vpon some forged surmise.

1582 T. Cartwright in Nicolas Mem. Sir C. Hatton (1847) 304 The slanderous surmise of my disloyalty to her Majesty's estate.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxviii. xl. 699 I shall incurre the sinister opinion and surmise of two things.

a1660 in J. T. Gilbert Contemp. Hist. Ireland (1880) II. 180 The subdellegation of the provinciall councell of Vlster by the surmishes of My Lord Primat.

a. (A) suspicion. Obsolete or merged in sense 4.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > [noun]

ortrowthc1175

ortrowa1200

untrust?c1225

suspicion1303

suspectiona1340

mistrowa1375

overtrowa1375

misfaitha1382

jealousyc1385

suspectc1386

misdoubtingc1390

untrist1390

mistrowinga1393

mistrusta1393

mistrista1400

supposinga1400

untrestc1400

wantrustc1405

diffidencea1425

misdeemingc1450

untrustingc1450

discredence?a1475

surmise1509

suspensea1513

diffidency1537

distrust1548

distrusting1549

misdoubt1558

discredit1567

misgiving1582

scruple1597

disconfidence1620

inconfidence1627

disaffiance1631

non-fiance1643

defiance1662

suspiciencya1690

reservation1719

disfaith1870

méfiance1876

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > [noun] > instance of

suspicionc1384

suspect1541

scruple1600

umbrage1604

gain-givinga1616

inkling1620

surmise1719

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xx. 94 Demeane you so that in no wyse No man perceyve of your love surmyse.

1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 105 Without any surmise or suspect had of his part of any such kind of deceipt.

1643 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce 16 Let him not put her away for the meer surmise of Judaicall uncleannes.

1719 E. Young Busiris iv. 50 Was ever Man thus left to dreadful Thought, And all the Horrors of a black Surmise!

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. v. 114 There was something so extraordinary in her being at this castle..that a very painful surmise arose, concerning her character.

1862 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 3) iv. 62 I never even have heard a surmise against the purity of members.]

†b. A ‘suspicion’, slight trace (of something).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > a small quantity or amount > a slight touch or trace

specec1330

taste1390

lisounc1400

savourc1400

smatcha1500

smell?a1505

spice1531

smack1539

shadow1586

surmise1586

relish1590

tang1593

touch1597

stain1609

tincture1612

dasha1616

soula1616

twanga1640

whiff1644

haut-goût1650

casta1661

stricturea1672

tinge1736

tinct1752

vestige1756

smattering1764

soupçon1766

smutch1776

shade1791

suspicion1809

lineament1811

trait1815

tint1817

trace1827

skiff1839

spicing1844

smudgea1871

ghost1887

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. K6^v Without alteration, or so much as any surmise..of that, wherof I haue thereby beene..aduertised.

1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres iii. lviii. sig. P2^v Glad to finde the least surmise of rest.

1736 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1851) IV. 141 Avoid every Surmise of acting otherwise than the most dutiful Subjects.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. ii. vii. 144 Some faintest ineffectual surmise of mercy.

a. An idea formed in the mind (and, often, expressed) that something may be true, but without certainty and on very slight evidence, or with no evidence; a conjecture.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > [noun]

weeningc900

wenc1000

susposea1325

deeming1340

supposala1425

conjecturec1460

supposing1530

supposition1565

suppose1582

surmise1593

surmisal1641

putation1649

expectation1793

the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > [noun] > a conjecture, guess

guessc1330

aimc1450

conjecturea1527

guessing1535

foreguessing1548

fact1566

conjectural1579

surmise1593

speculation1796

shot1840

guesstimate1936

1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. viii. 63 Surmises and sleight probabilities will not serue.

1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. i. 5 The rest, as his giving name to the Ile, or ever landing heer, depends altogether upon late surmises.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. xiii. 270 This appeared, by the event, to be an ill-grounded surmise.

1817 J. Keats Poems 13 All his men Look'd at each other with a wild surmise.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xiii. 296 Another early surmise was..that the glacier slid along its bed.

1879 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue (ed. 3) v. 253 Horne Tooke was, I believe, the first to throw out this surmise.

b. in generalized use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > [noun] > instance

suspicionc1460

supposal1511

supposition1565

suppose1573

surmise1590

supposure1613

1590 H. Roberts Defiance to Fortune sig. G4 He was not assured whether he spake vpon surmise, or that he had some secret knowledge of his loue to Susania.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 (1623) i. iii. 23 Coniecture, Expectation, and Surmise Of Aydes incertaine, should not be admitted.

1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite ii, in Fables 42 Suspicions, and fantastical Surmise.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. iv. 453 Allegations which, if they had general surmise..in their favour, were unsupported by particular facts.

1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 262 The knowledge that I am, and, since I am, can recognize What to me is pain and pleasure: this is sure, the rest—surmise.

1912 Eng. Hist. Rev. Oct. 821 Surmise has often to supply the lack of knowledge.

†5. The formation of an idea in the mind; conception, imagination. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > [noun] > forming of ideas

thoughta1325

conceptiona1387

conceiving1559

conceiting1563

surmise1592

apprehension1597

realization1797

ideation1818

conceptualization1866

conceptualizing1897

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > [noun] > act of imagining

imagination1340

conceptiona1387

imaginingc1430

suppositiona1529

conceiving1559

picturing1562

conceiting1563

fancy1581

forgery1582

surmise1592

imagery1595

imaging1648

ideation1818

envisagement1877

visualizing1880

envisaging1883

visualization1883

envisioning1938

projecting1960

1592 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) vii. xxxvii. 163 That Vermen that hath reason, and his own Defects espies: Doth seeme to haue a soule, at least doth thriue by such surmies.

1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. L2^v Being from the feeling of her own griefe brought, By deepe surmise of others detriment.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxv. 164 Pretending that the crosse..is not by them apprehended alone, but hath in their secret surmise or conceipt a reference to the person of our Lord Iesus Christ.

1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 24 in Justa Edouardo King For so to interpose a little ease, Let our frail thoughts dally with false surmise.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

surmisev.

/səːˈmʌɪz/

Forms: Also Middle English–1500s surmyse, (Middle English sirmyse, sormyse, 1500s sormise), 1500s–1600s surmyze, 1500s–1700s surmize.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman, Old French surmis-e, past participle of surmettre to accuse: see surmit v. and compare surmise n. and surprise v.

†1.

a. transitive. To put upon some one as a charge or accusation; to charge on or upon, allege against a person; spec. in Law, to submit as a charge or information, allege formally. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > charge, accuse, or indict [verb (transitive)] > bring (a charge or accusation) > bring as a charge

wraya900

surmisec1460

aggravate1541

indicta1670

charge1785

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 3665 His owne fawte, & his owne wrong, On beryn he hath surmysid.

1473 J. Warkworth Chron. (Camden) 5 Humfrey Haward and other aldermen were arested, and treasoune surmysed uppon them.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. FFviii^v Care nat what any person saithe, suspecteth, surmiseth, whispereth or rowneth of the, here in erthe.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lix^v The straungiers..surmysed a complaynt againste the poore carpenter.

1557 M. Basset tr. T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1354/1 That he should..haue heynous crimes surmysed against him.

†b. const. clause or accusative and infinitive.

ΚΠ

1467–8 in Oxf. Stud. Soc. & Legal Hist. (1914) IV. 217 Where it is surmysed by the seid bill that the seid William [etc.].

1480 Cov. Leet Bk. 439 These be þe names of the ffeldes þat þe seid Laurens surmysed shuld be Comien þat were kept seuerell.

1495 P. Warbeck Declar. in F. Bacon Hen. VII (1622) 151 My mortall Enemie hath..falsely surmised mee to bee a fayned Person, giuing mee Nick-names.

1509–10 Act 1 Hen. VIII c. 4 Preamble Enditementes for offenses surmysed to be doone contrarye to the same Statutes.

?c1588 Disc. Troubles in E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. (1856) App. iii. 318 Hierom Horssey and one Anthony Marshe surmised to the Counsaill that the agent had written treason against the State.

†c. after as.

ΚΠ

1464 Cov. Leet Bk. 323 We..maruayllyng gretely..of your suffrance..yf it be as is surmysid.

1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 110/1 Thinkinge..that..Luther saied not so euyll as is surmised vpon him.

1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare i. 4 Neyther dooe wee refuse your fantasies bicause they be Catholike, as you surmise.

1623 in N. Shaks. Soc. Trans. (1885) 507 As in the said Bill is falsely surmised.

†d. absol. To make allegations.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (intransitive)]

wrayc725

mean?c1225

accusec1384

surmise1528

incuse1570

object1611

appeacha1616

aggravate1672

finger-point1959

1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. b i Wherfor agaynst vs they will nowe surmyse Seynge that gone is the masse.

†e. pregnantly. To allege falsely or groundlessly. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > falsely

chidea1000

liec1000

surmise1477

mischarge1571

wrest1610

calumniate1649

1477 King Henry VII in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. I. 20 The grete malice..as she shewed lately in sending hider of a fayned boye, surmising him to have been the son of the Duc of Clarence.

1530 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 88 M. Burton saithe the article is surmysed and nothyng trew.

†f. To accuse, charge (a person) with. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)]

edwitec825

witec893

accuseOE

bespeaka1000

forwrayOE

atwiteOE

blamea1300

impugn1377

publishc1384

defamea1387

appeach1430

becryc1440

surmisea1485

arguea1522

infame1531

insimulate1532

note1542

tax1548

resperse1551

finger-point1563

chesoun1568

touch1570

disclaim1590

impeach1590

intent1613

question1620

accriminate1641

charge1785

cheek1877

a1485 J. Fortescue Wks. (1869) 499 Sir James of Audeley..which was surmised with the gettinge of the said Phillipe.

†g. ? To impugn. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > doubt [verb (transitive)] > raise doubts

impugn1362

contrary1586

surmisea1609

question1622

query1727

a1609 A. Hume Poems (1902) 180 Persuading them that it wes the..defence of treu religioun (then surmysed by the Earles of Huntlie, Errol, and Angous) that he intended.

†2. To devise, plan, contrive, esp. falsely or maliciously. Chiefly const. infinitive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > plot (a purpose) or hatch (a plot [verb (transitive)]

compass1297

procurec1300

purchasec1300

contrivec1330

conspirec1384

brewc1386

awaitc1400

surmise1509

devisec1515

practise1531

machinate1537

forge1547

hatch1565

plot1589

pack1590

appost1602

feign1690

intrigue1747

scheme1767

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) 3 As was the guyse..Of the poetes olde, a tale to surmyse, To cloke the truthe of their infirmitie.

1549–62 T. Sternhold & J. Hopkins Whole Bk. Psalms xxvii. 14 They surmise against me still false witnesse to depose.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 152 The Jewis did..euer mair surmyse, With vnkyndnes to keill me.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 198 All I surmise Is shrewdly stopt.

†3.

a. To suppose, imagine (that a thing is so); to expect. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > suppose, surmise [verb (transitive)]

ween971

readOE

aweena1275

guessc1380

supposec1384

seemc1386

imaginec1405

presupposec1443

deem1470

surmise1509

suspectc1550

doubt1568

expect1592

s'pose1632

fancy1672

sus1958

1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. cxii Alexander..all the worlde subdued as I surmyse.

1572 Act 14 Eliz. c. 12 §2 The said Acte hathe not..brought the good Effecte that then was hoped and surmysed.

1578 H. Wotton tr. J. Yver Courtlie Controuersie 135 I..thinke it meere folly for a man to breake hys necke wilfullye, surmising happily to please his maistresse therby.

1624 F. Quarles Job Militant in Divine Poems (1717) 187 I'm scorned of my Friends, whose prosp'rous state Surmises me..to be cast away From Heaven's regard.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 340 Surmise not then His presence to these narrow bounds confin'd Of Paradise or Eden.

1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. iv. 995 'Tis impious to surmize, the pow'rs divine To ruin doom the Jove-descended line.

†b. To form an idea of, conceive, imagine. Also absol. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > imagine or visualize [verb (transitive)]

seeOE

thinkOE

bethinkc1175

devise1340

portraya1375

imagec1390

dreama1393

supposea1393

imaginea1398

conceive?a1425

fantasyc1430

purposea1513

to frame to oneselfa1529

'magine1530

imaginate1541

fancy1551

surmit?1577

surmise1586

conceit?1589

propose1594

ideate1610

project1612

figurea1616

forma1616

to call up1622

propound1634

edify1645

picture1668

create1679

fancify1748

depicture1775

vision1796

to conjure up1819

conjure1820

envisage1836

to dream up1837

visualize1863

envision1921

pre-visualize1969

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. F1^v It is incredible to think and vnpossible to be surmised..how detestable, hath bene the originall..and determination of his moste wicked..life.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 108 I haue a daughter..Who in her dutie and obedience, marke, Hath giuen me this, now gather and surmise .

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. ii. 351 So get thee gone, that I may know my greefe, 'Tis but surmiz'd, whiles thou art standing by.

†4.

a. To suspect. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > mistrust, suspect [verb (transitive)]

mistrowOE

overtrowa1225

ortrow?c1225

susposea1325

souchec1325

supposec1384

mistrestc1415

mistrusta1425

mistraista1450

suspecta1500

mistrust1565

misdoubt1570

surmisec1571

fear1578

diffide1583

doubt1586

uncredit1615

disdoubt1659

jealouse1682

jalouse1816

suspicion1834

sus1953

c1571 E. Campion Two Bks. Hist. Ireland (1963) ii. ix. 119 Him they surmysed to keepe a calendar of all theire doinges.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 236 If this discourse makes any surmise that we did some things against our conscience while wee liued in this Monastery.

b. To give an inkling of, hint. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > hint or covert suggestion > hint at or suggest [verb (transitive)]

inkle1340

induce1481

alludec1487

signifya1535

insinuate1561

to glance at (upon, against)1570

thrust1574

imply1581

adumbrate1589

intimate1590

innuate?1611

glancea1616

ministera1616

perstringea1620

shadow1621

subinduce1640

involve1646

equivocate1648

hint1648

subindicate1654

hint at1697

suggest1697

indicate1751

surmise1820

to get at ——1875

1820 A. Ranken Hist. France VIII. i. vi. 250 There were state secrets which he never surmised to them.

a. To form a notion that the thing in question may be so, on slight grounds or without proof; to infer conjecturally. Const. object clause. or simple object.

ΚΠ

1700 J. Dryden tr. G. Boccaccio Sigismonda & Guiscardo in Fables 129 What Thoughts he had, beseems not me to say; Though some surmise he went to fast and pray.

1768 H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 59 Such omissions cannot but induce us to surmise that Henry had never been certain of the deaths of the princes.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. viii. 629 The Governor-General surmised a circumstance, which always seems to have animated him to peculiar severity.

1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism iii. 94 Whatever the Jewish nation might surmise or know concerning a future life.

1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xvii. 83 Is it going too far to surmise that during William's Lenten pilgrimage to Caen, it was fully arranged who should be the next to fill the throne of Augustine?

b. absol. or intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > suppose, surmise [verb (intransitive)]

understandc1000

movea1325

thinka1533

imagine1579

wend1581

s'pose1632

surmise1820

1820 J. Keats Cap & Bells vii Show him a garden, and with speed no less, He'll surmise sagely of a dwelling house.

1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 160 Can I know, who but surmise?

1906 B. Harraden Scholar's Daughter xi. 220 We were only surmising. It was stupid of me to begin it.

†6. ? To take up into itself. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > incorporation or inclusion > incorporate or include [verb (transitive)]

beclipc1230

beshut1340

contain1340

comprehendc1374

continue1377

begripe1393

close1393

incorpor1398

conceive?c1400

includec1475

engrossa1500

complect1523

conclude?1523

employ1528

to take in1534

retain1577

surmise1578

imprehend1590

immerse1605

comprise1651

involve1651

complexa1657

embrace1697

incorporate1824

embody1847

cover1868

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man v. f. 70 This coate [of the ventricle] first receiueth and surmiseth, all the Veynes, Arteries, & sinewes that are reached to the ventricle.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	surmise
释义	surmisen. Brit. /səˈmʌɪz/, /ˈsəːmʌɪz/, /səːˈmʌɪz/, U.S. /sərˈmaɪz/, /ˈsərˌmaɪz/ Forms: Also Middle English–1500s -myse, (1500s -mies, 1600s Anglo-Irish -mishe), 1500s–1700s -mize. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman, Old French surmise, verbal noun < surmettre : see surmise v. †1. Law. A formal allegation or information; spec. in Ecclesiastical Law, the allegation in the libel. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > [noun] > a charge, accusation, or allegation crimec1384 calla1400 allegation1402 advocacya1413 allegeancea1430 objection1440 surmise1451 charge1477 ditement1502 crimination1534 allegement1594 appeach1628 1451 Rolls of Parl. V. 218/2 That averment..may be hadde..for every partie..to have or enjoye any of the premisses, by theire surmyse that the seid Londes..were yeven or graunted for other Londes [etc.]. 1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 334/1 That al suche persones..uppon whom any suche surmyse is made, so that it be thought by the Justicez..afore whome suche surmyses is hadde, that suche surmyse is trewe and not doon of malice, remayne and abyde yn youre prisone. 1485 Rolls of Parl. VI. 327/1 The said John Calcote the Fader, by an untrue surmyse made unto King Edward the fourth..was appeched of high Treason. a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1908) II. 473 A surmyse made to my lorde prynce of diuerse Iniuryes don by hym & oþer persones. 1534 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 317 That the seid henry..exhybyt one other byll of surmyse for the premyssez in to the kynges Courte of Chauncery. 1595 Expos. Terms Law at Ley In cases of secrecie where the plaintife cannot proue the surmise of his suit by any deed or open acte. 1713 E. Gibson Codex Juris Eccl. Anglicani 1071/2 Prohibition may be granted upon a Collateral Surmise: That is, upon a Surmise of some Fact or Matter not appearing in the Libel. †2. An allegation, charge, imputation; esp. a false, unfounded, or unproved charge or allegation. Obsolete (in later use merged in sense 4). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > [noun] > often unfounded surmise1531 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. xi. sig. Siv^v In them that be constante, is neuer mistrust or suspition, nor any surmise or iuell reporte can withdrawe them from their affection. ?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Three Bks. Eng. Hist. (1844) 38 After being reserved ix. monthes for that cause, and her surmise founde false, she was burned. 1563 2nd Tome Homelyes sig. Zzz.iii It is the craftie surmyse of the Deull to perswade vs it. 1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. xi. [xviii.] i. 296 They wage one poore man or other, to become a bodger, and thereto get him a licence vpon some forged surmise. 1582 T. Cartwright in Nicolas Mem. Sir C. Hatton (1847) 304 The slanderous surmise of my disloyalty to her Majesty's estate. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxviii. xl. 699 I shall incurre the sinister opinion and surmise of two things. a1660 in J. T. Gilbert Contemp. Hist. Ireland (1880) II. 180 The subdellegation of the provinciall councell of Vlster by the surmishes of My Lord Primat. 3. a. (A) suspicion. Obsolete or merged in sense 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > [noun] ortrowthc1175 ortrowa1200 untrust?c1225 suspicion1303 suspectiona1340 mistrowa1375 overtrowa1375 misfaitha1382 jealousyc1385 suspectc1386 misdoubtingc1390 untrist1390 mistrowinga1393 mistrusta1393 mistrista1400 supposinga1400 untrestc1400 wantrustc1405 diffidencea1425 misdeemingc1450 untrustingc1450 discredence?a1475 surmise1509 suspensea1513 diffidency1537 distrust1548 distrusting1549 misdoubt1558 discredit1567 misgiving1582 scruple1597 disconfidence1620 inconfidence1627 disaffiance1631 non-fiance1643 defiance1662 suspiciencya1690 reservation1719 disfaith1870 méfiance1876 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > [noun] > instance of suspicionc1384 suspect1541 scruple1600 umbrage1604 gain-givinga1616 inkling1620 surmise1719 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xx. 94 Demeane you so that in no wyse No man perceyve of your love surmyse. 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 105 Without any surmise or suspect had of his part of any such kind of deceipt. 1643 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce 16 Let him not put her away for the meer surmise of Judaicall uncleannes. 1719 E. Young Busiris iv. 50 Was ever Man thus left to dreadful Thought, And all the Horrors of a black Surmise! 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. v. 114 There was something so extraordinary in her being at this castle..that a very painful surmise arose, concerning her character. 1862 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 3) iv. 62 I never even have heard a surmise against the purity of members.] †b. A ‘suspicion’, slight trace (of something). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > a small quantity or amount > a slight touch or trace specec1330 taste1390 lisounc1400 savourc1400 smatcha1500 smell?a1505 spice1531 smack1539 shadow1586 surmise1586 relish1590 tang1593 touch1597 stain1609 tincture1612 dasha1616 soula1616 twanga1640 whiff1644 haut-goût1650 casta1661 stricturea1672 tinge1736 tinct1752 vestige1756 smattering1764 soupçon1766 smutch1776 shade1791 suspicion1809 lineament1811 trait1815 tint1817 trace1827 skiff1839 spicing1844 smudgea1871 ghost1887 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. K6^v Without alteration, or so much as any surmise..of that, wherof I haue thereby beene..aduertised. 1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres iii. lviii. sig. P2^v Glad to finde the least surmise of rest. 1736 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1851) IV. 141 Avoid every Surmise of acting otherwise than the most dutiful Subjects. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. ii. vii. 144 Some faintest ineffectual surmise of mercy. 4. a. An idea formed in the mind (and, often, expressed) that something may be true, but without certainty and on very slight evidence, or with no evidence; a conjecture. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > [noun] weeningc900 wenc1000 susposea1325 deeming1340 supposala1425 conjecturec1460 supposing1530 supposition1565 suppose1582 surmise1593 surmisal1641 putation1649 expectation1793 the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > [noun] > a conjecture, guess guessc1330 aimc1450 conjecturea1527 guessing1535 foreguessing1548 fact1566 conjectural1579 surmise1593 speculation1796 shot1840 guesstimate1936 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. viii. 63 Surmises and sleight probabilities will not serue. 1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. i. 5 The rest, as his giving name to the Ile, or ever landing heer, depends altogether upon late surmises. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. xiii. 270 This appeared, by the event, to be an ill-grounded surmise. 1817 J. Keats Poems 13 All his men Look'd at each other with a wild surmise. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xiii. 296 Another early surmise was..that the glacier slid along its bed. 1879 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue (ed. 3) v. 253 Horne Tooke was, I believe, the first to throw out this surmise. b. in generalized use. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > [noun] > instance suspicionc1460 supposal1511 supposition1565 suppose1573 surmise1590 supposure1613 1590 H. Roberts Defiance to Fortune sig. G4 He was not assured whether he spake vpon surmise, or that he had some secret knowledge of his loue to Susania. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 (1623) i. iii. 23 Coniecture, Expectation, and Surmise Of Aydes incertaine, should not be admitted. 1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite ii, in Fables 42 Suspicions, and fantastical Surmise. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. iv. 453 Allegations which, if they had general surmise..in their favour, were unsupported by particular facts. 1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 262 The knowledge that I am, and, since I am, can recognize What to me is pain and pleasure: this is sure, the rest—surmise. 1912 Eng. Hist. Rev. Oct. 821 Surmise has often to supply the lack of knowledge. †5. The formation of an idea in the mind; conception, imagination. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > [noun] > forming of ideas thoughta1325 conceptiona1387 conceiving1559 conceiting1563 surmise1592 apprehension1597 realization1797 ideation1818 conceptualization1866 conceptualizing1897 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > [noun] > act of imagining imagination1340 conceptiona1387 imaginingc1430 suppositiona1529 conceiving1559 picturing1562 conceiting1563 fancy1581 forgery1582 surmise1592 imagery1595 imaging1648 ideation1818 envisagement1877 visualizing1880 envisaging1883 visualization1883 envisioning1938 projecting1960 1592 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) vii. xxxvii. 163 That Vermen that hath reason, and his own Defects espies: Doth seeme to haue a soule, at least doth thriue by such surmies. 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. L2^v Being from the feeling of her own griefe brought, By deepe surmise of others detriment. View more context for this quotation 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxv. 164 Pretending that the crosse..is not by them apprehended alone, but hath in their secret surmise or conceipt a reference to the person of our Lord Iesus Christ. 1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 24 in Justa Edouardo King For so to interpose a little ease, Let our frail thoughts dally with false surmise. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022). surmisev. /səːˈmʌɪz/ Forms: Also Middle English–1500s surmyse, (Middle English sirmyse, sormyse, 1500s sormise), 1500s–1600s surmyze, 1500s–1700s surmize. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman, Old French surmis-e, past participle of surmettre to accuse: see surmit v. and compare surmise n. and surprise v. †1. a. transitive. To put upon some one as a charge or accusation; to charge on or upon, allege against a person; spec. in Law, to submit as a charge or information, allege formally. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > charge, accuse, or indict [verb (transitive)] > bring (a charge or accusation) > bring as a charge wraya900 surmisec1460 aggravate1541 indicta1670 charge1785 c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 3665 His owne fawte, & his owne wrong, On beryn he hath surmysid. 1473 J. Warkworth Chron. (Camden) 5 Humfrey Haward and other aldermen were arested, and treasoune surmysed uppon them. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. FFviii^v Care nat what any person saithe, suspecteth, surmiseth, whispereth or rowneth of the, here in erthe. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lix^v The straungiers..surmysed a complaynt againste the poore carpenter. 1557 M. Basset tr. T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1354/1 That he should..haue heynous crimes surmysed against him. †b. const. clause or accusative and infinitive. ΚΠ 1467–8 in Oxf. Stud. Soc. & Legal Hist. (1914) IV. 217 Where it is surmysed by the seid bill that the seid William [etc.]. 1480 Cov. Leet Bk. 439 These be þe names of the ffeldes þat þe seid Laurens surmysed shuld be Comien þat were kept seuerell. 1495 P. Warbeck Declar. in F. Bacon Hen. VII (1622) 151 My mortall Enemie hath..falsely surmised mee to bee a fayned Person, giuing mee Nick-names. 1509–10 Act 1 Hen. VIII c. 4 Preamble Enditementes for offenses surmysed to be doone contrarye to the same Statutes. ?c1588 Disc. Troubles in E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. (1856) App. iii. 318 Hierom Horssey and one Anthony Marshe surmised to the Counsaill that the agent had written treason against the State. †c. after as. ΚΠ 1464 Cov. Leet Bk. 323 We..maruayllyng gretely..of your suffrance..yf it be as is surmysid. 1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 110/1 Thinkinge..that..Luther saied not so euyll as is surmised vpon him. 1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare i. 4 Neyther dooe wee refuse your fantasies bicause they be Catholike, as you surmise. 1623 in N. Shaks. Soc. Trans. (1885) 507 As in the said Bill is falsely surmised. †d. absol. To make allegations. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (intransitive)] wrayc725 mean?c1225 accusec1384 surmise1528 incuse1570 object1611 appeacha1616 aggravate1672 finger-point1959 1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. b i Wherfor agaynst vs they will nowe surmyse Seynge that gone is the masse. †e. pregnantly. To allege falsely or groundlessly. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > falsely chidea1000 liec1000 surmise1477 mischarge1571 wrest1610 calumniate1649 1477 King Henry VII in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. I. 20 The grete malice..as she shewed lately in sending hider of a fayned boye, surmising him to have been the son of the Duc of Clarence. 1530 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 88 M. Burton saithe the article is surmysed and nothyng trew. †f. To accuse, charge (a person) with. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] edwitec825 witec893 accuseOE bespeaka1000 forwrayOE atwiteOE blamea1300 impugn1377 publishc1384 defamea1387 appeach1430 becryc1440 surmisea1485 arguea1522 infame1531 insimulate1532 note1542 tax1548 resperse1551 finger-point1563 chesoun1568 touch1570 disclaim1590 impeach1590 intent1613 question1620 accriminate1641 charge1785 cheek1877 a1485 J. Fortescue Wks. (1869) 499 Sir James of Audeley..which was surmised with the gettinge of the said Phillipe. †g. ? To impugn. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > doubt [verb (transitive)] > raise doubts impugn1362 contrary1586 surmisea1609 question1622 query1727 a1609 A. Hume Poems (1902) 180 Persuading them that it wes the..defence of treu religioun (then surmysed by the Earles of Huntlie, Errol, and Angous) that he intended. †2. To devise, plan, contrive, esp. falsely or maliciously. Chiefly const. infinitive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > plot (a purpose) or hatch (a plot [verb (transitive)] compass1297 procurec1300 purchasec1300 contrivec1330 conspirec1384 brewc1386 awaitc1400 surmise1509 devisec1515 practise1531 machinate1537 forge1547 hatch1565 plot1589 pack1590 appost1602 feign1690 intrigue1747 scheme1767 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) 3 As was the guyse..Of the poetes olde, a tale to surmyse, To cloke the truthe of their infirmitie. 1549–62 T. Sternhold & J. Hopkins Whole Bk. Psalms xxvii. 14 They surmise against me still false witnesse to depose. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 152 The Jewis did..euer mair surmyse, With vnkyndnes to keill me. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 198 All I surmise Is shrewdly stopt. †3. a. To suppose, imagine (that a thing is so); to expect. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > suppose, surmise [verb (transitive)] ween971 readOE aweena1275 guessc1380 supposec1384 seemc1386 imaginec1405 presupposec1443 deem1470 surmise1509 suspectc1550 doubt1568 expect1592 s'pose1632 fancy1672 sus1958 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. cxii Alexander..all the worlde subdued as I surmyse. 1572 Act 14 Eliz. c. 12 §2 The said Acte hathe not..brought the good Effecte that then was hoped and surmysed. 1578 H. Wotton tr. J. Yver Courtlie Controuersie 135 I..thinke it meere folly for a man to breake hys necke wilfullye, surmising happily to please his maistresse therby. 1624 F. Quarles Job Militant in Divine Poems (1717) 187 I'm scorned of my Friends, whose prosp'rous state Surmises me..to be cast away From Heaven's regard. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 340 Surmise not then His presence to these narrow bounds confin'd Of Paradise or Eden. View more context for this quotation 1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. iv. 995 'Tis impious to surmize, the pow'rs divine To ruin doom the Jove-descended line. †b. To form an idea of, conceive, imagine. Also absol. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > imagine or visualize [verb (transitive)] seeOE thinkOE bethinkc1175 devise1340 portraya1375 imagec1390 dreama1393 supposea1393 imaginea1398 conceive?a1425 fantasyc1430 purposea1513 to frame to oneselfa1529 'magine1530 imaginate1541 fancy1551 surmit?1577 surmise1586 conceit?1589 propose1594 ideate1610 project1612 figurea1616 forma1616 to call up1622 propound1634 edify1645 picture1668 create1679 fancify1748 depicture1775 vision1796 to conjure up1819 conjure1820 envisage1836 to dream up1837 visualize1863 envision1921 pre-visualize1969 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. F1^v It is incredible to think and vnpossible to be surmised..how detestable, hath bene the originall..and determination of his moste wicked..life. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 108 I haue a daughter..Who in her dutie and obedience, marke, Hath giuen me this, now gather and surmise . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. ii. 351 So get thee gone, that I may know my greefe, 'Tis but surmiz'd, whiles thou art standing by. View more context for this quotation †4. a. To suspect. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > mistrust, suspect [verb (transitive)] mistrowOE overtrowa1225 ortrow?c1225 susposea1325 souchec1325 supposec1384 mistrestc1415 mistrusta1425 mistraista1450 suspecta1500 mistrust1565 misdoubt1570 surmisec1571 fear1578 diffide1583 doubt1586 uncredit1615 disdoubt1659 jealouse1682 jalouse1816 suspicion1834 sus1953 c1571 E. Campion Two Bks. Hist. Ireland (1963) ii. ix. 119 Him they surmysed to keepe a calendar of all theire doinges. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 236 If this discourse makes any surmise that we did some things against our conscience while wee liued in this Monastery. b. To give an inkling of, hint. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > hint or covert suggestion > hint at or suggest [verb (transitive)] inkle1340 induce1481 alludec1487 signifya1535 insinuate1561 to glance at (upon, against)1570 thrust1574 imply1581 adumbrate1589 intimate1590 innuate?1611 glancea1616 ministera1616 perstringea1620 shadow1621 subinduce1640 involve1646 equivocate1648 hint1648 subindicate1654 hint at1697 suggest1697 indicate1751 surmise1820 to get at ——1875 1820 A. Ranken Hist. France VIII. i. vi. 250 There were state secrets which he never surmised to them. 5. a. To form a notion that the thing in question may be so, on slight grounds or without proof; to infer conjecturally. Const. object clause. or simple object. ΚΠ 1700 J. Dryden tr. G. Boccaccio Sigismonda & Guiscardo in Fables 129 What Thoughts he had, beseems not me to say; Though some surmise he went to fast and pray. 1768 H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 59 Such omissions cannot but induce us to surmise that Henry had never been certain of the deaths of the princes. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. viii. 629 The Governor-General surmised a circumstance, which always seems to have animated him to peculiar severity. 1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism iii. 94 Whatever the Jewish nation might surmise or know concerning a future life. 1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xvii. 83 Is it going too far to surmise that during William's Lenten pilgrimage to Caen, it was fully arranged who should be the next to fill the throne of Augustine? b. absol. or intransitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > suppose, surmise [verb (intransitive)] understandc1000 movea1325 thinka1533 imagine1579 wend1581 s'pose1632 surmise1820 1820 J. Keats Cap & Bells vii Show him a garden, and with speed no less, He'll surmise sagely of a dwelling house. 1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 160 Can I know, who but surmise? 1906 B. Harraden Scholar's Daughter xi. 220 We were only surmising. It was stupid of me to begin it. †6. ? To take up into itself. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > incorporation or inclusion > incorporate or include [verb (transitive)] beclipc1230 beshut1340 contain1340 comprehendc1374 continue1377 begripe1393 close1393 incorpor1398 conceive?c1400 includec1475 engrossa1500 complect1523 conclude?1523 employ1528 to take in1534 retain1577 surmise1578 imprehend1590 immerse1605 comprise1651 involve1651 complexa1657 embrace1697 incorporate1824 embody1847 cover1868 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man v. f. 70 This coate [of the ventricle] first receiueth and surmiseth, all the Veynes, Arteries, & sinewes that are reached to the ventricle. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.1451v.c1460
随便看	justicialista justiciar justiciaries justiciars justiciarship justiciary justiciaryship justicies justicies writ justicing justicing day justicing room justicoat justifiabilities justifiability justifiable justifiableness justifiablenesses justifiably justificable justifical justification justifications justificative justificator