swarfn.¹

Brit.

/swɑːf/, U.S.

/swɑrf/, Scottish English

/swarf/

Forms: Middle English, 1700s swarff, 1500s swerfe, suerf, 1500s–1800s swerf, 1600s swarfe, 1600s– swarf.

Etymology: Related to swarf v.

Scottish.

A swoon, a fainting-fit; a state of faintness or insensibility.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > unconsciousness > [noun] > fainting or swooning > a faint or swoon

swimeOE

swooningc1290

swowa1325

swooningc1330

swoon1390

soundc1400

trancec1405

sweamc1415

swoundc1440

sweltingc1460

swarf1488

dwalm?a1513

sounding ecstasy?1565

sounding1580

pasme1591

death1596

lipothymy1603

deliquium1620

delique1645

fainting fit1714

drow1727

faint-fit1795

faint1808

blacking out1930

blackout1934

greyout1942

pass-out1946

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 349 The Sotheron..Throuch full gluttre in swarff swappyt lik swyn.

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 47 With that I seme for to swoune, thought I na swerf tak.

c1590 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 43 The scorching sychs,..Quhilk vith suerfs oursets his hardie hart.

1606 W. Birnie Blame of Kirk-buriall ix. sig. C3 As if such superciliosity, could sweeten the bitter swarfes of their sowre death.

a1698 W. Row Suppl. in R. Blair Life (1848) (modernized text) ix. 143 Mr. Blair did fall into a fit of fainting or a kind of swarf.

1742 J. Mill Diary (1889) 3 I..fell down suddenly by a swerf or stoppage of blood.

1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb xlix. 337 Aw heard that he was feerious far gane in a swarf the tither day.

1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders 208 She wad gang aff again in a swarf.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

swarfn.²

Brit.

/swɔːf/,

/swɑːf/, U.S.

/swɔrf/

Forms: Also 1500s swarfe, 1800s swarff; see also swaff n.², swarth n.³, soife n.

Origin: Either (i) a word inherited from Germanic. Or (ii) a borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: representing Old English geswearf , gesweorf , geswyrf filings, or < Old Norse svarf file-dust, related to sverfa to file: see swerve n.

a. The wet or greasy grit abraded from a grindstone or axle; the filings or shavings of iron or steel. Hence, any fine waste produced by a machining operation, esp. when in the form of strips or ribbons.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being powdery > dust > metal filings

lemelc1386

filing1398

limaturec1400

swarf1566

iron sand1803

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment > shaving or chip > filings

filing1398

swarf1566

swarth1596

slip1667

wheel-swarf1831

swaff1846

1566 Act 8 Eliz. c. 11. §3 No person..shall die..black, any Cappe w^th Barke or Swarfe, but only w^th Copperas and Gall or w^th Wood [v.r. Woade] and Madder.

1583 L. Mascall tr. Profitable Bk. Spottes & Staines D ij Put..halfe so muche of swarfe of the grindstone.

1640 Tables Rates & Duties in J. Entick New Hist. London (1766) II. 174 Fileings of iron, called swarf.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Axungia The Grease or Swarf in the Axle-tree of a Wheel.

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Swarf, iron filings.

1884 H. J. Palmer in Eng. Illustr. Mag. Aug. 666/1 The knife-grinder..is saturated with the wet ‘swarff’ (powdered stone) which dyes him a deep saffron colour from head to toe.

1917 Yorks. Post 3 Jan. 4/6 Rough copper, copper ore, and copper scrap and swarf in the possession of or due under existing contract to a manufacturer.

1953 Times 23 Oct. 5/3 There's swarf—chips of wood, metal, etc.—grinding around in your expensive machinery and shortening its life.

1970 P. Dickinson Seals ii. 41 Down the inside rim of the second key-hole there was..a thin curl of swarf still attached to the main brass.

1973 J. G. Tweeddale Materials Technol. II. vi. 142 In more ductile materials chips may remain partially bonded to each other to form continuous severely-work-hardened ribbons sometimes called swarf.

in combination.1909 Spectator 25 Dec. 1094/2 A swarf-stained son of ‘the wheel’.

b. spec. The material cut out of a gramophone record as the groove is made.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > [noun] > material cut as groove is made

swarf1935

1935 H. C. Bryson Gramophone Rec. x. 275 When metal is recorded upon..it is often necessary to arrange for the removal of the swarf either by blowing..or by means of a small brush.

1947 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 94 iii. 288/2 By using a suction system to remove swarf continuously while recording, these troubles are avoided.

1977 Times 18 Apr. (Gramophone Suppl.) p. iv/7 For a long-playing record, this swarf, a strip narrower than a human hair, might be half a mile long.

Derivatives

swarf v. rare transitive with up, to make dirty with swarf.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > dirtiness or soiling with specific kinds of dirt > dirty or soil with specific kinds of dirt [verb (transitive)] > dirty with swarf

swarf1914

1914 D. H. Lawrence Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd i. i. 5 Mrs. Holroyd:..Here, take hold, and help me fold it. Blackmore: I shall swarf it up.

swarfed adj. colloquial dirtied with swarf, mucky.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > dirtiness or soiling with specific kinds of dirt > [adjective] > swarfed

swarfed1914

1914 D. H. Lawrence Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd i. i. 4 A man in blue overalls, swarfed and greased.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† swarfn.³

Forms: Also 1600s swarfe, swarff.

Etymology: Variant of swarth n.¹: see th n.¹ (6).

Obsolete.

1. = sward n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > grassland

wong971

greenc1225

clowrec1350

bentc1360

swarth?a1400

flaughtc1400

grassa1500

sward?1507

greenswarda1522

sward-earth1541

swarf1599

over-swarth1649

lawn1674

sod1729

swath1776

spine1786

swad1877

turfage1899

padang1909

1599 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 284/1 Lie Elie-law et totum lie swarf ei adjacentem.

1603 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 524/2 Lie swarff, wrak et wair eisdem adjacentibus.

1664 O. Heywood Autobiogr., Diaries, Anecd. & Event Bks. (1883) III. 84 The whole field hath a little swarfe with grasse at the top.

2. figurative. Surface.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

a1599 R. Rollock Lect. Hist. Passion (1616) xli. 408 His joye is light, and proceedes onely from the swarfe of the soule.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† swarfadj.

Etymology: Variant of swarth adj. Compare swarf n.²

Obsolete.

= swarth adj. a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [adjective] > relating to tone > of dark variety or complexion

swarta1395

black-browed1590

swarfy1602

swarthy1602

swarf1619

swartish1630

swarthish1653

swarfish1671

brunette1724

dusky1827

brunet1840

1619 J. H. House Correct. sig. B2^v Because I'me black and swarfe.

1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 200 A dainty fine shee-slaue, not swarfe and tawney..but faire and well-favour'd.

Derivatives

† swarfish adj. Obsolete = swarthish adj. at swarth adj. and n.⁵ Derivatives.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [adjective] > relating to tone > of dark variety or complexion

swarta1395

black-browed1590

swarfy1602

swarthy1602

swarf1619

swartish1630

swarthish1653

swarfish1671

brunette1724

dusky1827

brunet1840

1671 J. Blagrave Astrol. Pract. Physick 77 Complexion muddy or swarfish.

† swarfy adj. (also swarfie, swarffie, swarvy) Obsolete = swarthy adj.¹

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [adjective] > relating to tone > of dark variety or complexion

swarta1395

black-browed1590

swarfy1602

swarthy1602

swarf1619

swartish1630

swarthish1653

swarfish1671

brunette1724

dusky1827

brunet1840

1602 Salmasis & Hermaphroditus D 2 b While the black night with her pitchie hand Tooke just possession of the swarfie land.

1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. ii. 137 His face little and round, his complexion swarfie.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory i. 13/2 Swart, Swarvy or Tawny-moor colour.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

swarfv.

Brit.

/swɑːf/, U.S.

/swɑrf/, Scottish English

/swarf/

Forms: Also 1500s swarth, 1600s swerf, 1600s, 1800s swarve, 1800s swerve, swairf, swaif, etc. (see Eng. Dial. Dict.).

Origin: Perhaps a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse svarfa.

Etymology: ? < Old Norse svarfa to upset (Norwegian svarva to agitate or be agitated, literal and figurative), with specialized development of meaning. See swerve v.

Scottish and northern dialect.

1. intransitive. To faint, swoon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > unconsciousness > lose consciousness [verb (intransitive)] > faint or swoon

swotherc1000

swowa1250

swoonc1290

sweltc1330

trance1340

to fall on, in swowa1375

swapc1386

sound1393

dwelea1400

swaya1400

faintc1440

owmawt1440

swalmc1440

sweamc1440

syncopize1490

dwalm?a1513

swarf1513

swound1530

cothe1567

sweb1599

to go away1655

to die away1707

go1768

sink1769

sile1790

to pass out1915

to black out1935

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. xv. 116 All paill and bludles swarthis [v.r. swarfis] scho rycht thair.

c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas ii. in Wks. (1898) I. 760 He..stood vnmov'd, whill I for greiff did swarve.

1637–50 J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (Wodrow Soc.) 324 No sooner did he heare a ham spoken of but he swarfed.

1660 A. Hay Diary (1901) 234 After sermons my wiffe swerfed in the kirk.

1790 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 536 Mony a huntit, poor Red-coat For fear amaist did swarf.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. xii. 315 He was like a man awa frae himsel..and I thought he wad hae swarv't a' thegither.

a1837 R. Nicoll Poems (1843) 143 The bairnies crowd round him his stories to hear Whill maistly the wee things are swarfin' in fear.

1892 J. Lumsden Sheep-head & Trotters 32 Old Magge..drew near And swarf'd outright wi' gladsome fright.

2. transitive. To cause to faint; to stupefy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > unconsciousness > deprive of consciousness [verb (transitive)] > cause to faint

swalmc1440

swarf1813

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > feeling of wonder, astonishment > quality of inspiring wonder > cause wonder, astonish [verb (transitive)] > stupefy

awhapec1300

stonyc1330

astony1340

astonec1374

mazec1390

stounda1400

stuna1400

to-stony?a1400

stounc1400

clumsec1440

overmusec1460

stonish1488

strike1533

dazzle1561

stoyne1563

stupefy1577

stupefact1583

obstupefy1611

astound1637

petrify1667

flabbergast1773

stagnatea1798

stama1800

swarf1813

boggle1835

razzle-dazzle1886

to knock sideways1890

stupend1900

gobsmack1987

1813 E. Picken Misc. Poems I. 120 A sight had nearhaun swarf'd the callan.

1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. at Luscan The scene..swarf'd him so, that he could not utter a word.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1488

n.²1566

n.³a1599

adj.1602

v.1513

单词	swarf
释义	swarfn.¹ Brit. /swɑːf/, U.S. /swɑrf/, Scottish English /swarf/ Forms: Middle English, 1700s swarff, 1500s swerfe, suerf, 1500s–1800s swerf, 1600s swarfe, 1600s– swarf. Etymology: Related to swarf v. Scottish. A swoon, a fainting-fit; a state of faintness or insensibility. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > unconsciousness > [noun] > fainting or swooning > a faint or swoon swimeOE swooningc1290 swowa1325 swooningc1330 swoon1390 soundc1400 trancec1405 sweamc1415 swoundc1440 sweltingc1460 swarf1488 dwalm?a1513 sounding ecstasy?1565 sounding1580 pasme1591 death1596 lipothymy1603 deliquium1620 delique1645 fainting fit1714 drow1727 faint-fit1795 faint1808 blacking out1930 blackout1934 greyout1942 pass-out1946 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 349 The Sotheron..Throuch full gluttre in swarff swappyt lik swyn. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 47 With that I seme for to swoune, thought I na swerf tak. c1590 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 43 The scorching sychs,..Quhilk vith suerfs oursets his hardie hart. 1606 W. Birnie Blame of Kirk-buriall ix. sig. C3 As if such superciliosity, could sweeten the bitter swarfes of their sowre death. a1698 W. Row Suppl. in R. Blair Life (1848) (modernized text) ix. 143 Mr. Blair did fall into a fit of fainting or a kind of swarf. 1742 J. Mill Diary (1889) 3 I..fell down suddenly by a swerf or stoppage of blood. 1871 W. Alexander Johnny Gibb xlix. 337 Aw heard that he was feerious far gane in a swarf the tither day. 1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders 208 She wad gang aff again in a swarf. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022). swarfn.² Brit. /swɔːf/, /swɑːf/, U.S. /swɔrf/ Forms: Also 1500s swarfe, 1800s swarff; see also swaff n.², swarth n.³, soife n. Origin: Either (i) a word inherited from Germanic. Or (ii) a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: representing Old English geswearf , gesweorf , geswyrf filings, or < Old Norse svarf file-dust, related to sverfa to file: see swerve n. a. The wet or greasy grit abraded from a grindstone or axle; the filings or shavings of iron or steel. Hence, any fine waste produced by a machining operation, esp. when in the form of strips or ribbons. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being powdery > dust > metal filings lemelc1386 filing1398 limaturec1400 swarf1566 iron sand1803 the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment > shaving or chip > filings filing1398 swarf1566 swarth1596 slip1667 wheel-swarf1831 swaff1846 1566 Act 8 Eliz. c. 11. §3 No person..shall die..black, any Cappe w^th Barke or Swarfe, but only w^th Copperas and Gall or w^th Wood [v.r. Woade] and Madder. 1583 L. Mascall tr. Profitable Bk. Spottes & Staines D ij Put..halfe so muche of swarfe of the grindstone. 1640 Tables Rates & Duties in J. Entick New Hist. London (1766) II. 174 Fileings of iron, called swarf. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Axungia The Grease or Swarf in the Axle-tree of a Wheel. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Swarf, iron filings. 1884 H. J. Palmer in Eng. Illustr. Mag. Aug. 666/1 The knife-grinder..is saturated with the wet ‘swarff’ (powdered stone) which dyes him a deep saffron colour from head to toe. 1917 Yorks. Post 3 Jan. 4/6 Rough copper, copper ore, and copper scrap and swarf in the possession of or due under existing contract to a manufacturer. 1953 Times 23 Oct. 5/3 There's swarf—chips of wood, metal, etc.—grinding around in your expensive machinery and shortening its life. 1970 P. Dickinson Seals ii. 41 Down the inside rim of the second key-hole there was..a thin curl of swarf still attached to the main brass. 1973 J. G. Tweeddale Materials Technol. II. vi. 142 In more ductile materials chips may remain partially bonded to each other to form continuous severely-work-hardened ribbons sometimes called swarf. in combination.1909 Spectator 25 Dec. 1094/2 A swarf-stained son of ‘the wheel’. b. spec. The material cut out of a gramophone record as the groove is made. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > [noun] > material cut as groove is made swarf1935 1935 H. C. Bryson Gramophone Rec. x. 275 When metal is recorded upon..it is often necessary to arrange for the removal of the swarf either by blowing..or by means of a small brush. 1947 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 94 iii. 288/2 By using a suction system to remove swarf continuously while recording, these troubles are avoided. 1977 Times 18 Apr. (Gramophone Suppl.) p. iv/7 For a long-playing record, this swarf, a strip narrower than a human hair, might be half a mile long. Derivatives swarf v. rare transitive with up, to make dirty with swarf. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > dirtiness or soiling with specific kinds of dirt > dirty or soil with specific kinds of dirt [verb (transitive)] > dirty with swarf swarf1914 1914 D. H. Lawrence Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd i. i. 5 Mrs. Holroyd:..Here, take hold, and help me fold it. Blackmore: I shall swarf it up. swarfed adj. colloquial dirtied with swarf, mucky. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > dirtiness or soiling with specific kinds of dirt > [adjective] > swarfed swarfed1914 1914 D. H. Lawrence Widowing of Mrs. Holroyd i. i. 4 A man in blue overalls, swarfed and greased. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † swarfn.³ Forms: Also 1600s swarfe, swarff. Etymology: Variant of swarth n.¹: see th n.¹ (6). Obsolete. 1. = sward n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > grassland wong971 greenc1225 clowrec1350 bentc1360 swarth?a1400 flaughtc1400 grassa1500 sward?1507 greenswarda1522 sward-earth1541 swarf1599 over-swarth1649 lawn1674 sod1729 swath1776 spine1786 swad1877 turfage1899 padang1909 1599 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 284/1 Lie Elie-law et totum lie swarf ei adjacentem. 1603 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 524/2 Lie swarff, wrak et wair eisdem adjacentibus. 1664 O. Heywood Autobiogr., Diaries, Anecd. & Event Bks. (1883) III. 84 The whole field hath a little swarfe with grasse at the top. 2. figurative. Surface.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ a1599 R. Rollock Lect. Hist. Passion (1616) xli. 408 His joye is light, and proceedes onely from the swarfe of the soule. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † swarfadj. Etymology: Variant of swarth adj. Compare swarf n.² Obsolete. = swarth adj. a. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [adjective] > relating to tone > of dark variety or complexion swarta1395 black-browed1590 swarfy1602 swarthy1602 swarf1619 swartish1630 swarthish1653 swarfish1671 brunette1724 dusky1827 brunet1840 1619 J. H. House Correct. sig. B2^v Because I'me black and swarfe. 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 200 A dainty fine shee-slaue, not swarfe and tawney..but faire and well-favour'd. Derivatives † swarfish adj. Obsolete = swarthish adj. at swarth adj. and n.⁵ Derivatives. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [adjective] > relating to tone > of dark variety or complexion swarta1395 black-browed1590 swarfy1602 swarthy1602 swarf1619 swartish1630 swarthish1653 swarfish1671 brunette1724 dusky1827 brunet1840 1671 J. Blagrave Astrol. Pract. Physick 77 Complexion muddy or swarfish. † swarfy adj. (also swarfie, swarffie, swarvy) Obsolete = swarthy adj.¹ ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [adjective] > relating to tone > of dark variety or complexion swarta1395 black-browed1590 swarfy1602 swarthy1602 swarf1619 swartish1630 swarthish1653 swarfish1671 brunette1724 dusky1827 brunet1840 1602 Salmasis & Hermaphroditus D 2 b While the black night with her pitchie hand Tooke just possession of the swarfie land. 1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. ii. 137 His face little and round, his complexion swarfie. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory i. 13/2 Swart, Swarvy or Tawny-moor colour. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2021). swarfv. Brit. /swɑːf/, U.S. /swɑrf/, Scottish English /swarf/ Forms: Also 1500s swarth, 1600s swerf, 1600s, 1800s swarve, 1800s swerve, swairf, swaif, etc. (see Eng. Dial. Dict.). Origin: Perhaps a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse svarfa. Etymology: ? < Old Norse svarfa to upset (Norwegian svarva to agitate or be agitated, literal and figurative), with specialized development of meaning. See swerve v. Scottish and northern dialect. 1. intransitive. To faint, swoon. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > unconsciousness > lose consciousness [verb (intransitive)] > faint or swoon swotherc1000 swowa1250 swoonc1290 sweltc1330 trance1340 to fall on, in swowa1375 swapc1386 sound1393 dwelea1400 swaya1400 faintc1440 owmawt1440 swalmc1440 sweamc1440 syncopize1490 dwalm?a1513 swarf1513 swound1530 cothe1567 sweb1599 to go away1655 to die away1707 go1768 sink1769 sile1790 to pass out1915 to black out1935 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. xv. 116 All paill and bludles swarthis [v.r. swarfis] scho rycht thair. c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas ii. in Wks. (1898) I. 760 He..stood vnmov'd, whill I for greiff did swarve. 1637–50 J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (Wodrow Soc.) 324 No sooner did he heare a ham spoken of but he swarfed. 1660 A. Hay Diary (1901) 234 After sermons my wiffe swerfed in the kirk. 1790 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 536 Mony a huntit, poor Red-coat For fear amaist did swarf. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. xii. 315 He was like a man awa frae himsel..and I thought he wad hae swarv't a' thegither. a1837 R. Nicoll Poems (1843) 143 The bairnies crowd round him his stories to hear Whill maistly the wee things are swarfin' in fear. 1892 J. Lumsden Sheep-head & Trotters 32 Old Magge..drew near And swarf'd outright wi' gladsome fright. 2. transitive. To cause to faint; to stupefy. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > unconsciousness > deprive of consciousness [verb (transitive)] > cause to faint swalmc1440 swarf1813 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > feeling of wonder, astonishment > quality of inspiring wonder > cause wonder, astonish [verb (transitive)] > stupefy awhapec1300 stonyc1330 astony1340 astonec1374 mazec1390 stounda1400 stuna1400 to-stony?a1400 stounc1400 clumsec1440 overmusec1460 stonish1488 strike1533 dazzle1561 stoyne1563 stupefy1577 stupefact1583 obstupefy1611 astound1637 petrify1667 flabbergast1773 stagnatea1798 stama1800 swarf1813 boggle1835 razzle-dazzle1886 to knock sideways1890 stupend1900 gobsmack1987 1813 E. Picken Misc. Poems I. 120 A sight had nearhaun swarf'd the callan. 1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. at Luscan The scene..swarf'd him so, that he could not utter a word. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1488n.²1566n.³a1599adj.1602v.1513
随便看	tyrannisings tyrannism tyrannity tyrannize tyrannized tyrannizer tyrannizers tyrannizes tyrannizing tyrannizingly tyrannizings tyranno tyranno- tyrannoctonic tyrannoid tyrannophobia tyrannosaurid tyrannosaurus tyrannosaurus rex tyrannosauruses tyrannous tyrannous-minded tyrannouser tyrannousest tyrannously

swarfn.1

swarfn.2

Derivatives

† swarfn.3

† swarfadj.

Derivatives

swarfv.

swarfn.¹

swarfn.²

† swarfn.³