sweetenern.

/ˈswiːt(ə)nə/

Etymology: < sweeten v. + -er suffix¹.

a. That which makes something sweet to the taste or other sense; something that imparts a sweet flavour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun]

edulcorator1669

dulcifier1681

sweetener1718

sugaring1740

sweetening1819

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sweetness > [noun] > sweetener

dulciary1653

sweetener1718

sweetening1819

1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis ii. ii. 95 All those which usually pass for Sweetners.

1884 S. Dowell Hist. Taxation in Eng. I. v. ii. 132 Sugar..began to displace honey as a sweetener for food.

b. An alkali or similar substance used to neutralize acidity; something which renders soil rich and mellow.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > fertilizer or manure

fatnessc1420

amendment1483

manure1532

manuring1577

battling1600

dressing1600

worth1609

sucken1615

folding1626

fertilizera1661

sumen1662

recuperativec1679

field dressing1743

top-dressing1744

sweetener1765

settera1793

mendment1798

side dressing1819

substratum1822

manurer1829

liquid manure1837

soil amendment1915

side dress1920

Growmore1944

soil conditioner1952

1681 P. Bellon tr. F. de Monginot New Myst. Physick Introd. 34 Alcalies and other Sweetners should be employed.

a1699 W. Temple Ess. Health & Long Life in Wks. (1720) I. 286 Powder of Crabs-Eyes and Claws, and burnt Egg-Shells are often prescribed as Sweetners of any sharp Humours.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 547. ⁋10 I..having a Constitution which naturally abounds with Acids..have found it a most excellent Sweetner of the Blood.

1765 Museum Rusticum 4 xl. 178 During that year, one may sow either oats, corn, peas or beans, or any sweetener.

1794 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Cambr. 201 The plough is..used with great propriety, as a sweetener of the soil.

c. Painting. A brush used for ‘sweetening’: see sweeten v. 8b.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > brush > types of

pencila1350

calaber pencil1583

washing-brush1585

softener1756

hair-pencil1763

camel('s) hair pencil1771

pound brush1780

dabberc1790

varnishing brush1825

writer1825

red sable1859

sweetener1859

varnish brush1859

fitch1873

sable-brush1873

wash-brush1873

Poona brush1875

hake1882

rigger1883

airbrush1884

liner1886

sable1891

stippler1891

aerograph1898

mop brush1904

filbert brush1950

1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs Painting 198 Most artists also use a brush made of badger's hair. It bears the significant names of ‘softener’ and ‘sweetener’, and is used to blend the colours and remove ‘edginess’, by being swept to and fro over them while freshly laid.

a. A person or (more usually) a thing that renders something pleasant or agreeable (or mitigates its unpleasantness).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > action of making pleasant > [noun] > that which makes pleasant

sweetener?1614

jam1871

sugar-coating1908

?1614 W. Drummond Kisse in Poems This sweetner of Annoyes, This Nectare of the Gods.

1670 T. Brooks Wks. (1867) VI. 368 The communion with God, that is the life of your graces, the sweetener of all ordinances.

1710 J. Norris Treat. Christian Prudence viii. 350 Wisdom..the great Up~holder and Sweetner of all Society.

1743 R. Blair Grave 7 Friendship!.. Sweetner of Life! and Solder of Society!

a1865 E. C. Gaskell Wives & Daughters (1866) II. xxi. 217 Molly stood by..and only kept where she was by the hope of coming in as sweetener or peacemaker.

1871 S. Smiles Character ix. 260 Grace is a sweetener and embellisher of life.

†b. One who softens, palliates, or extenuates; a flatterer, cajoler. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > [noun] > flatterer

fickler?c1225

losenger1303

glothererc1325

flatterera1340

blander1340

flatter1340

glozera1420

fleecherc1425

fager1435

soother1553

smooth-boots1599

sleekstonea1610

blandisher1611

cogger1611

over-prizer1611

smoother1611

colloguer1631

dauber1642

pargetera1656

flattercap1681

whillywhaa1682

sweetener1728

proneur1809

carney1818

soft-soaper1839

soft-solderer1851

smooth-sayer1872

incenser1873

soft-mouth1881

blarneyer1882

flannel-mouth1882

oiler1883

jollier1896

smoodger1898

plámáser1919

sweet-talker1946

smarmy1957

society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > excuse > [noun] > offering an excuse > extenuation > one who

sweetener1728

palliator1792

extenuator1869

1728 Mem. Eng. Officer 202 When any Officers had asserted the Falsity of those Inventions (as they all did, except a military Sweetner or two).

1730 J. Swift Libel on Doctor D——ny 7 You, who till your Fortune's made Must be a Sweet'ner by your Trade, Shou'd swear he never meant us ill.

1735 J. Swift Humble Addr. to Parl. in Wks. IV. 238 Those Softners, Sweetners, Compounders, and Expedient-mongers.

c. Something that produces (or restores) pleasant feeling; something pleasing, gratifying, or comforting; also, a means of persuasion, an inducement (cf. sense 3a); a bribe; a concession or appeasement (esp. in politics, business, etc.). Cf. douceur n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > quality of being pleasant or pleasurable > [noun] > source of pleasure

honeycombOE

sweetness?c1225

dainty1340

sweet1377

delicec1390

lust1390

pleasancec1390

pleasingc1390

well-queema1400

well-queemnessa1400

douceurc1400

delectation?a1425

pleasure1443

pleaserc1447

delectabilitiesa1500

deliciositiesa1500

honeydew1559

delicacy1586

fancy1590

sugar candy1591

regalo1622

happiness1637

deliciousness1651

complacence1667

regalea1677

sweetener1741

bon-bon1856

Bones1869

jam1871

true love1893

nuts1910

barrel of fun (laughs, etc.)1915

G-spot1983

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > bribe

gift1382

handy-dandyc1390

pricec1400

bud1436

bribe?a1439

golden (also silver) keyc1450

fee1549

golden shower1589

oil of angels1592

sugar-plum1608

bribera1616

palm oil1625

greasinga1661

sop1665

sweetbreada1670

vail1687

douceur1739

sweetener1741

bonus1759

buckshee1773

smear-gelt1785

grease1823

boodle?1856

soap1860

ice1887

palm-grease1897

poultice1902

fix1929

dropsy1930

pay-off1930

drop1931

oil1935

squeeze-pidgin1946

sling1948

bung1958

back-hander1960

1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero (1742) II. viii. 235 A sweetner for my Cato.

1754 E. Farneworth tr. Life Sextus V iv. (1766) 190 This was what the gamesters call a Sweetner, to draw them on, and made them labour more earnestly.

1782 S. Crisp Let. 5 Apr. in F. Burney Diary & Lett. (1842) II. 135 And now, Fanny, after this severe lecturing, I shall give you a sweetener to make it up with you.

1829 P. Egan Boxiana New Ser. II. 415 As a reward, or sweetener for his numerous defeats,..the above unexpected victory has put Sampson once more into good humour with himself.

1847 A. Harris Settlers & Convicts vi. 89 The handsome ‘sweeteners’ (bribes) which old D——'s profits enabled him to give the constables.

1903 G. H. Lorimer Lett. Merchant xiii. 186 I met him coming in from his route looking glum; so I handed him fifty dollars as a little sweetener.

1955 Times 24 May 16/2 I suggest that what you got from Carroll Levis was a sweetener or a bribe.

1959 Economist 28 Mar. 1176/1 The main attraction of the Kennedy Bill is its ‘sweeteners’ in the form of amendments, made to the order of the labour leaders, to the basic Taft-Hartley Act regulating trade union activities.

1960 Wall St. Jrnl. 26 Sept. 11 The State Department responded..by permitting the imports but removing the sweetener—the premium that other sugar suppliers enjoy in their sales to the U.S.

1975 Times 10 Apr. 8/2 Mr Nixon used the threat of renewed bombing as a sweetener to get the reluctant President Thieu to sign the agreements.

1979 G. Hammond Dead Game x. 138 Everybody gives ‘sweeteners’ of some kind or another, even if it's only a bottle at Christmas.

3. slang.

a. A decoy, cheat, sharper. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > defrauder or swindler > [noun] > decoy

stale1526

barnardc1555

barnacle1591

setter1591

tumbler1602

circling boy1631

moon-curser1673

sweetener1699

stool1825

stool-pigeon1830

bonnet1831

buttoner1839

button1851

steerer1873

plugger1886

shillaber1913

shill1916

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Cog,..the Money..the Sweetners drop to draw in the Bubbles.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Sweetners, Guinea-Droppers, Cheats, Sharpers.

1707 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) VI. 223 Being one of the gang, and a sweetner, he goeing to the innocent persons to perswade them to make up the same by giving money.

1714 London Gaz. No. 5272/9 Whereas divers Persons, commonly called Sweetners, have cheated many People of considerable Sums of Mony, by plausible Pretences.

b. One who bids at an auction merely in order to raise the price.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > buying > buyer > [noun] > bidder > one who runs up bidding

goad1608

setter1699

white bonnet1760

puffer1765

sweetener1823

jolly1856

runner-up1860

floor man1928

1823 in Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1825) 508 Here the music of bidding grows loud and more loud—Here the sweetener is conning his hints for the day.

1864 J. C. Hotten Slang Dict. (new ed.)

1904 Daily Chron. 23 Sept. 6/4 ‘Safe bidding’ or ‘sweetening’ at an auction sale was a fraud on the public. Most men bidding at an auction trusted the other bidders. A ‘sweetener’ was a man who was not ‘playing the game’.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sweetener
释义	sweetenern. /ˈswiːt(ə)nə/ Etymology: < sweeten v. + -er suffix¹. 1. a. That which makes something sweet to the taste or other sense; something that imparts a sweet flavour. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] edulcorator1669 dulcifier1681 sweetener1718 sugaring1740 sweetening1819 the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sweetness > [noun] > sweetener dulciary1653 sweetener1718 sweetening1819 1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis ii. ii. 95 All those which usually pass for Sweetners. 1884 S. Dowell Hist. Taxation in Eng. I. v. ii. 132 Sugar..began to displace honey as a sweetener for food. b. An alkali or similar substance used to neutralize acidity; something which renders soil rich and mellow. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > fertilizer or manure fatnessc1420 amendment1483 manure1532 manuring1577 battling1600 dressing1600 worth1609 sucken1615 folding1626 fertilizera1661 sumen1662 recuperativec1679 field dressing1743 top-dressing1744 sweetener1765 settera1793 mendment1798 side dressing1819 substratum1822 manurer1829 liquid manure1837 soil amendment1915 side dress1920 Growmore1944 soil conditioner1952 1681 P. Bellon tr. F. de Monginot New Myst. Physick Introd. 34 Alcalies and other Sweetners should be employed. a1699 W. Temple Ess. Health & Long Life in Wks. (1720) I. 286 Powder of Crabs-Eyes and Claws, and burnt Egg-Shells are often prescribed as Sweetners of any sharp Humours. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 547. ⁋10 I..having a Constitution which naturally abounds with Acids..have found it a most excellent Sweetner of the Blood. 1765 Museum Rusticum 4 xl. 178 During that year, one may sow either oats, corn, peas or beans, or any sweetener. 1794 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Cambr. 201 The plough is..used with great propriety, as a sweetener of the soil. c. Painting. A brush used for ‘sweetening’: see sweeten v. 8b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > brush > types of pencila1350 calaber pencil1583 washing-brush1585 softener1756 hair-pencil1763 camel('s) hair pencil1771 pound brush1780 dabberc1790 varnishing brush1825 writer1825 red sable1859 sweetener1859 varnish brush1859 fitch1873 sable-brush1873 wash-brush1873 Poona brush1875 hake1882 rigger1883 airbrush1884 liner1886 sable1891 stippler1891 aerograph1898 mop brush1904 filbert brush1950 1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs Painting 198 Most artists also use a brush made of badger's hair. It bears the significant names of ‘softener’ and ‘sweetener’, and is used to blend the colours and remove ‘edginess’, by being swept to and fro over them while freshly laid. 2. a. A person or (more usually) a thing that renders something pleasant or agreeable (or mitigates its unpleasantness). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > action of making pleasant > [noun] > that which makes pleasant sweetener?1614 jam1871 sugar-coating1908 ?1614 W. Drummond Kisse in Poems This sweetner of Annoyes, This Nectare of the Gods. 1670 T. Brooks Wks. (1867) VI. 368 The communion with God, that is the life of your graces, the sweetener of all ordinances. 1710 J. Norris Treat. Christian Prudence viii. 350 Wisdom..the great Up~holder and Sweetner of all Society. 1743 R. Blair Grave 7 Friendship!.. Sweetner of Life! and Solder of Society! a1865 E. C. Gaskell Wives & Daughters (1866) II. xxi. 217 Molly stood by..and only kept where she was by the hope of coming in as sweetener or peacemaker. 1871 S. Smiles Character ix. 260 Grace is a sweetener and embellisher of life. †b. One who softens, palliates, or extenuates; a flatterer, cajoler. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > [noun] > flatterer fickler?c1225 losenger1303 glothererc1325 flatterera1340 blander1340 flatter1340 glozera1420 fleecherc1425 fager1435 soother1553 smooth-boots1599 sleekstonea1610 blandisher1611 cogger1611 over-prizer1611 smoother1611 colloguer1631 dauber1642 pargetera1656 flattercap1681 whillywhaa1682 sweetener1728 proneur1809 carney1818 soft-soaper1839 soft-solderer1851 smooth-sayer1872 incenser1873 soft-mouth1881 blarneyer1882 flannel-mouth1882 oiler1883 jollier1896 smoodger1898 plámáser1919 sweet-talker1946 smarmy1957 society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > excuse > [noun] > offering an excuse > extenuation > one who sweetener1728 palliator1792 extenuator1869 1728 Mem. Eng. Officer 202 When any Officers had asserted the Falsity of those Inventions (as they all did, except a military Sweetner or two). 1730 J. Swift Libel on Doctor D——ny 7 You, who till your Fortune's made Must be a Sweet'ner by your Trade, Shou'd swear he never meant us ill. 1735 J. Swift Humble Addr. to Parl. in Wks. IV. 238 Those Softners, Sweetners, Compounders, and Expedient-mongers. c. Something that produces (or restores) pleasant feeling; something pleasing, gratifying, or comforting; also, a means of persuasion, an inducement (cf. sense 3a); a bribe; a concession or appeasement (esp. in politics, business, etc.). Cf. douceur n. 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > quality of being pleasant or pleasurable > [noun] > source of pleasure honeycombOE sweetness?c1225 dainty1340 sweet1377 delicec1390 lust1390 pleasancec1390 pleasingc1390 well-queema1400 well-queemnessa1400 douceurc1400 delectation?a1425 pleasure1443 pleaserc1447 delectabilitiesa1500 deliciositiesa1500 honeydew1559 delicacy1586 fancy1590 sugar candy1591 regalo1622 happiness1637 deliciousness1651 complacence1667 regalea1677 sweetener1741 bon-bon1856 Bones1869 jam1871 true love1893 nuts1910 barrel of fun (laughs, etc.)1915 G-spot1983 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > bribe gift1382 handy-dandyc1390 pricec1400 bud1436 bribe?a1439 golden (also silver) keyc1450 fee1549 golden shower1589 oil of angels1592 sugar-plum1608 bribera1616 palm oil1625 greasinga1661 sop1665 sweetbreada1670 vail1687 douceur1739 sweetener1741 bonus1759 buckshee1773 smear-gelt1785 grease1823 boodle?1856 soap1860 ice1887 palm-grease1897 poultice1902 fix1929 dropsy1930 pay-off1930 drop1931 oil1935 squeeze-pidgin1946 sling1948 bung1958 back-hander1960 1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero (1742) II. viii. 235 A sweetner for my Cato. 1754 E. Farneworth tr. Life Sextus V iv. (1766) 190 This was what the gamesters call a Sweetner, to draw them on, and made them labour more earnestly. 1782 S. Crisp Let. 5 Apr. in F. Burney Diary & Lett. (1842) II. 135 And now, Fanny, after this severe lecturing, I shall give you a sweetener to make it up with you. 1829 P. Egan Boxiana New Ser. II. 415 As a reward, or sweetener for his numerous defeats,..the above unexpected victory has put Sampson once more into good humour with himself. 1847 A. Harris Settlers & Convicts vi. 89 The handsome ‘sweeteners’ (bribes) which old D——'s profits enabled him to give the constables. 1903 G. H. Lorimer Lett. Merchant xiii. 186 I met him coming in from his route looking glum; so I handed him fifty dollars as a little sweetener. 1955 Times 24 May 16/2 I suggest that what you got from Carroll Levis was a sweetener or a bribe. 1959 Economist 28 Mar. 1176/1 The main attraction of the Kennedy Bill is its ‘sweeteners’ in the form of amendments, made to the order of the labour leaders, to the basic Taft-Hartley Act regulating trade union activities. 1960 Wall St. Jrnl. 26 Sept. 11 The State Department responded..by permitting the imports but removing the sweetener—the premium that other sugar suppliers enjoy in their sales to the U.S. 1975 Times 10 Apr. 8/2 Mr Nixon used the threat of renewed bombing as a sweetener to get the reluctant President Thieu to sign the agreements. 1979 G. Hammond Dead Game x. 138 Everybody gives ‘sweeteners’ of some kind or another, even if it's only a bottle at Christmas. 3. slang. a. A decoy, cheat, sharper. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > defrauder or swindler > [noun] > decoy stale1526 barnardc1555 barnacle1591 setter1591 tumbler1602 circling boy1631 moon-curser1673 sweetener1699 stool1825 stool-pigeon1830 bonnet1831 buttoner1839 button1851 steerer1873 plugger1886 shillaber1913 shill1916 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Cog,..the Money..the Sweetners drop to draw in the Bubbles. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Sweetners, Guinea-Droppers, Cheats, Sharpers. 1707 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) VI. 223 Being one of the gang, and a sweetner, he goeing to the innocent persons to perswade them to make up the same by giving money. 1714 London Gaz. No. 5272/9 Whereas divers Persons, commonly called Sweetners, have cheated many People of considerable Sums of Mony, by plausible Pretences. b. One who bids at an auction merely in order to raise the price. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > buying > buyer > [noun] > bidder > one who runs up bidding goad1608 setter1699 white bonnet1760 puffer1765 sweetener1823 jolly1856 runner-up1860 floor man1928 1823 in Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1825) 508 Here the music of bidding grows loud and more loud—Here the sweetener is conning his hints for the day. 1864 J. C. Hotten Slang Dict. (new ed.) 1904 Daily Chron. 23 Sept. 6/4 ‘Safe bidding’ or ‘sweetening’ at an auction sale was a fraud on the public. Most men bidding at an auction trusted the other bidders. A ‘sweetener’ was a man who was not ‘playing the game’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?1614
随便看	exultative exulted exultet exultet roll exulting exultingly exultive exults exululate exululation exumbilication exumbrella exumbrellar exundance exundancy exundant exundate fancyframed fancyfreak fancyfree fancygirl fancygrazing fancyguided fancying fancylay