sweeteningn.

/ˈswiːt(ə)nɪŋ/

Etymology: < sweeten v. + -ing suffix¹.

1. The action of sweeten v.

a. The imparting of a sweet taste or smell; †perfuming; the freeing from taint, staleness, or impurity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sweetness > [noun] > sweetening

dulceration?1586

sweetening1591

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > action of perfuming

gumming1419

perfuming1567

sweetening1591

aromatization1603

aromatizing1606

ambering1682

scenting1855

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > [noun]

purginga1382

expurgationc1420

purgationc1425

undefoilingc1425

purgement1483

sublimating1559

sweetening1591

purgatory1596

purification1597

purge1598

depuration1603

refinement1611

castigation1615

lustrationc1635

purifaction1652

refreshing1719

depurating1762

epuration1800

neatifying1826

vastation1847

1591 H. Wotton in L. P. Smith Life & Lett. Sir H. Wotton (1907) I. 270 There is a certain English northern man in this town..lives now by sweetening of gloves.

1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor iii. i. sig. Hiv Which Sute (for the more sweetning) now lyes in Lauander.

1617 J. Taylor Three Weekes Obseruations B j As if her selfe..had layen seauen yeares in Lauender on sweetning in long Lane.

a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature (1834) II. 380 Some to be hung in the winds for sweetening, some plunged into rapid waters to wash away their filth.

1876 B. Martin Messiah's Kingdom i. iii. 31 The sweetening of the waters at Marah.

figurative.1740 G. Cheyne Ess. Regimen 339 To..pass over every Impulse, Sweetning, or Glance of Light.1883 H. Drummond Nat. Law in Spiritual World (1884) 192 The acrid humours that are breaking out all over the surface of his life are only to be subdued by a gradual sweetening of the inward spirit.

b. Painting and Drawing. (See sweeten v. 8b.)

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > [noun] > line or beauty of line > softening

sweetening1688

softening1802

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 149/2 Sweetning, is the working one colour into another with a soft Pencil: that they will look as one colour, though they be diverse.

?1790 J. Imison Curious & Misc. Articles (new ed.) 63 in School of Arts (ed. 2) To use his crayon in sweetening as much, and his finger as little, as possible.

c. The action of rendering pleasant, alleviating, palliating, making gracious, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > action of making pleasant > [noun]

gratifying1555

sweetening1592

1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. G4 ^v If I were to paint Sloth, (as I am not seene in the sweetnings)..I would draw it like a Stationer that I knowe, with his thumb vnder his girdle.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xxxviii. 75 For the raysing vp of mens hearts, and the sweetning of their affections towards God.

1829 Newman in H. P. Liddon et al. Life E. B. Pusey (1893) I. viii. 167 You will be doing as much to the sweetening of your book..as by your humanities towards Mr. R.

d. slang. (See sweeten v. 9.)

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > buying > [noun] > bidding or offering to buy > for purpose of inflating price

puffing1629

sweetening1896

trotting1969

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > [noun] > actions or tactics > bidding or staking

vie1533

revie1591

vieing1591

revying1610

paroli1688

raise1821

bid1880

bidding1880

sweetening1896

parlay1904

re-raise1910

call1968

1896 J. F. B. Lillard Poker Stories viii. 191 Then along came a big jack pot that had been enlarged by repeated sweetenings.

1903 J. S. Farmer & W. E. Henley Slang VII. i. 42/2 Sweeten,..To contribute to the pool. Hence Sweetening = money paid into the pool or kitty.

1904 Daily Chron. 23 Sept. 6/4 ‘Safe bidding’ or ‘sweetening’ at an auction sale was a fraud on the public. Most men bidding at an auction trusted the other bidders. A ‘sweetener’ was a man who was not ‘playing the game’.

e. Oil Industry. The process of freeing petroleum products of sulphur or sulphur compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > oil refining or separating processes > [noun]

re-refining1864

cracking1868

stripping1922

sweetening1924

Platforming1949

Powerforming1956

steam cracking1959

1924 Industr. & Engin. Chem. Nov. 1113 Sweetening consists in the removal of hydrogen sulfide and of alkyl mercaptans which are the only compounds responsible for sourness.

1959 H. M. Noel Petroleum Refinery Man. v. 153/1 Kerosene stocks which are too low in smoke point to be finished by simple sweetening.

1970 C. L. Thomas Catalytic Processes & Proven Catalysts xix. 199 Mercaptans in gasoline have an objectionable odor (‘sour’ gasoline). By converting them to disulfides which have less odor, a ‘sweet’ gasoline is produced; hence the term ‘sweetening’.

2. That which sweetens; something that imparts a sweet flavour. long sweetening, short sweetening: see long sweetening n. at long adj.¹ and n.¹ Compounds 4a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun]

edulcorator1669

dulcifier1681

sweetener1718

sugaring1740

sweetening1819

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sweetness > [noun] > sweetener

dulciary1653

sweetener1718

sweetening1819

1819 T. Moore Rhymes on Road xv. 18 Him Whose bitter death-cup from above Had yet this sweetening [later altered to cordial] round the rim.

1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 206 The backwoodsman finds at home, besides honey, the long and short sweetening, peculiar to the West.

1884 E. P. Roe Nature's Serial Story ix Berries, to which the sun had been adding sweetening.

1890 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 20 May 2/2 I..made a year's sweetening from maple sirup.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

sweeteningadj.

Etymology: < sweeten v. + -ing suffix².Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈsweetening.

That sweetens.

1. Imparting a sweet taste, smell, etc.; freeing from taint, purifying.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sweetness > [adjective] > sweetening

dulcifying1591

edulcorating1660

sweetening1707

dulcific1772

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [adjective] > perfuming

breathful1591

perfuming1593

perfumatory1611

sweetening1707

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > [adjective]

purginga1425

purificativea1492

clarifying1630

lustrating1653

laving1671

sweetening1707

depurating1762

defecatory1847

depuring1873

lustrant1895

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) I. 351 Sweetning Vapours of the Air.

1804 T. Bewick Hist. Brit. Birds II. 220 When they have undergone a certain sweetening process before cooking.

1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. I. viii. 269 The sugar of the grape..differs from common sugar..in having less sweetening power.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Sweetening cock, a wholesome contrivance for preventing fetid effluvia in ships' holds.

2. Rendering something pleasant or delightful; producing pleasant feeling or gracious disposition; †soothing.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > action of making pleasant > [adjective]

beguiling1593

sweetening1644

genializing1849

1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 78 Drawing our Hand with a sweetning motion over the head.

1649 J. Owen Serm. preached to House of Commons 26 A close labouring in all his wayes without the least sweetning endearments.

1810 R. Southey Curse of Kehama viii. 82 No sweetening vengeance rous'd a brave despair.

1886 J. Dickie Words of Faith (1892) 135 He adds His sweetening blessing to it.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

单词	sweetening
释义	sweeteningn. /ˈswiːt(ə)nɪŋ/ Etymology: < sweeten v. + -ing suffix¹. 1. The action of sweeten v. a. The imparting of a sweet taste or smell; †perfuming; the freeing from taint, staleness, or impurity. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sweetness > [noun] > sweetening dulceration?1586 sweetening1591 the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > action of perfuming gumming1419 perfuming1567 sweetening1591 aromatization1603 aromatizing1606 ambering1682 scenting1855 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > [noun] purginga1382 expurgationc1420 purgationc1425 undefoilingc1425 purgement1483 sublimating1559 sweetening1591 purgatory1596 purification1597 purge1598 depuration1603 refinement1611 castigation1615 lustrationc1635 purifaction1652 refreshing1719 depurating1762 epuration1800 neatifying1826 vastation1847 1591 H. Wotton in L. P. Smith Life & Lett. Sir H. Wotton (1907) I. 270 There is a certain English northern man in this town..lives now by sweetening of gloves. 1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor iii. i. sig. Hiv Which Sute (for the more sweetning) now lyes in Lauander. View more context for this quotation 1617 J. Taylor Three Weekes Obseruations B j As if her selfe..had layen seauen yeares in Lauender on sweetning in long Lane. a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature (1834) II. 380 Some to be hung in the winds for sweetening, some plunged into rapid waters to wash away their filth. 1876 B. Martin Messiah's Kingdom i. iii. 31 The sweetening of the waters at Marah. figurative.1740 G. Cheyne Ess. Regimen 339 To..pass over every Impulse, Sweetning, or Glance of Light.1883 H. Drummond Nat. Law in Spiritual World (1884) 192 The acrid humours that are breaking out all over the surface of his life are only to be subdued by a gradual sweetening of the inward spirit. b. Painting and Drawing. (See sweeten v. 8b.) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > [noun] > line or beauty of line > softening sweetening1688 softening1802 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 149/2 Sweetning, is the working one colour into another with a soft Pencil: that they will look as one colour, though they be diverse. ?1790 J. Imison Curious & Misc. Articles (new ed.) 63 in School of Arts (ed. 2) To use his crayon in sweetening as much, and his finger as little, as possible. c. The action of rendering pleasant, alleviating, palliating, making gracious, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > action of making pleasant > [noun] gratifying1555 sweetening1592 1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. G4 ^v If I were to paint Sloth, (as I am not seene in the sweetnings)..I would draw it like a Stationer that I knowe, with his thumb vnder his girdle. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xxxviii. 75 For the raysing vp of mens hearts, and the sweetning of their affections towards God. 1829 Newman in H. P. Liddon et al. Life E. B. Pusey (1893) I. viii. 167 You will be doing as much to the sweetening of your book..as by your humanities towards Mr. R. d. slang. (See sweeten v. 9.) ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > buying > [noun] > bidding or offering to buy > for purpose of inflating price puffing1629 sweetening1896 trotting1969 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > [noun] > actions or tactics > bidding or staking vie1533 revie1591 vieing1591 revying1610 paroli1688 raise1821 bid1880 bidding1880 sweetening1896 parlay1904 re-raise1910 call1968 1896 J. F. B. Lillard Poker Stories viii. 191 Then along came a big jack pot that had been enlarged by repeated sweetenings. 1903 J. S. Farmer & W. E. Henley Slang VII. i. 42/2 Sweeten,..To contribute to the pool. Hence Sweetening = money paid into the pool or kitty. 1904 Daily Chron. 23 Sept. 6/4 ‘Safe bidding’ or ‘sweetening’ at an auction sale was a fraud on the public. Most men bidding at an auction trusted the other bidders. A ‘sweetener’ was a man who was not ‘playing the game’. e. Oil Industry. The process of freeing petroleum products of sulphur or sulphur compounds. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > oil refining or separating processes > [noun] re-refining1864 cracking1868 stripping1922 sweetening1924 Platforming1949 Powerforming1956 steam cracking1959 1924 Industr. & Engin. Chem. Nov. 1113 Sweetening consists in the removal of hydrogen sulfide and of alkyl mercaptans which are the only compounds responsible for sourness. 1959 H. M. Noel Petroleum Refinery Man. v. 153/1 Kerosene stocks which are too low in smoke point to be finished by simple sweetening. 1970 C. L. Thomas Catalytic Processes & Proven Catalysts xix. 199 Mercaptans in gasoline have an objectionable odor (‘sour’ gasoline). By converting them to disulfides which have less odor, a ‘sweet’ gasoline is produced; hence the term ‘sweetening’. 2. That which sweetens; something that imparts a sweet flavour. long sweetening, short sweetening: see long sweetening n. at long adj.¹ and n.¹ Compounds 4a. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] edulcorator1669 dulcifier1681 sweetener1718 sugaring1740 sweetening1819 the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sweetness > [noun] > sweetener dulciary1653 sweetener1718 sweetening1819 1819 T. Moore Rhymes on Road xv. 18 Him Whose bitter death-cup from above Had yet this sweetening [later altered to cordial] round the rim. 1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 206 The backwoodsman finds at home, besides honey, the long and short sweetening, peculiar to the West. 1884 E. P. Roe Nature's Serial Story ix Berries, to which the sun had been adding sweetening. 1890 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 20 May 2/2 I..made a year's sweetening from maple sirup. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online December 2019). sweeteningadj. Etymology: < sweeten v. + -ing suffix².Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈsweetening. That sweetens. 1. Imparting a sweet taste, smell, etc.; freeing from taint, purifying. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sweetness > [adjective] > sweetening dulcifying1591 edulcorating1660 sweetening1707 dulcific1772 the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [adjective] > perfuming breathful1591 perfuming1593 perfumatory1611 sweetening1707 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > [adjective] purginga1425 purificativea1492 clarifying1630 lustrating1653 laving1671 sweetening1707 depurating1762 defecatory1847 depuring1873 lustrant1895 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) I. 351 Sweetning Vapours of the Air. 1804 T. Bewick Hist. Brit. Birds II. 220 When they have undergone a certain sweetening process before cooking. 1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. I. viii. 269 The sugar of the grape..differs from common sugar..in having less sweetening power. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Sweetening cock, a wholesome contrivance for preventing fetid effluvia in ships' holds. 2. Rendering something pleasant or delightful; producing pleasant feeling or gracious disposition; †soothing. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > action of making pleasant > [adjective] beguiling1593 sweetening1644 genializing1849 1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 78 Drawing our Hand with a sweetning motion over the head. 1649 J. Owen Serm. preached to House of Commons 26 A close labouring in all his wayes without the least sweetning endearments. 1810 R. Southey Curse of Kehama viii. 82 No sweetening vengeance rous'd a brave despair. 1886 J. Dickie Words of Faith (1892) 135 He adds His sweetening blessing to it. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.1591adj.1644
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