surroundn.

Etymology: < surround v.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: suˈrround.

1. An act of surrounding; spec. (originally and chiefly U.S.) the process of hunting certain wild animals by surrounding them and driving them into a place from which they cannot escape.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > [noun] > driving inwards

surround1825

1825 in N. Dakota Hist. Q. (1929) IV. 35 The Mandans went out to kill Buffalo, by making whats called a surround, at 8 miles distant from fence.

1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville III. xlvi. 220 It was at length proclaimed, that all who were able to lift a club..should muster for the ‘surround’.

1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters II. ix. 157 The hunters were getting forward with the ‘surround’.

1903 M. G. Gerard Leaves from Diaries viii. 250 Allowing time for the surround to be accomplished, he then strolled off with the remaining..sepoys.

2. A border or edging of a particular material, nearly or quite surrounding the central piece, as of linoleum or felt round a carpet.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > [noun] > that which forms the edge or border > surrounding a central piece

surround1893

1893 Ludgate Monthly Mag. Jan. 328/2 Central bordered carpets are now most in vogue, with a surround of linoleum.

1896 J. E. Panton Suburban Resid. 29 I have covered the gaping stained ‘surround’ with felt.

1912 Sphere 28 Dec. p. ii A large cameo brooch set in a surround of finely-chased gold.

3. The area or substance surrounding something; the vicinity, surroundings, or environment (of something).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > [noun] > that which surrounds > a surrounding space or area > totality of surroundings or environment

circumstancea1340

encompassure1600

environry1600

vironry1600

attendment1646

circumambiency1646

ambience1648

environment1725

circumjacency1751

environ1762

environage1831

setting1841

enshrinement1849

entourage1850

milieu1854

surroundings1861

ambiente1862

mise-en-scène1871

surround1922

Umwelt1964

1922 Daily Mail 11 Nov. 15/4 The inflammation often extends to the surround of the eye and to the wattles and throat [of poultry].

1937 Nature 3 July 12/2 Large thermal inertia in the optical parts and small and slow changes in the surround of each instrument were required.

1939 Country Life 11 Feb. p. xxi/1 (advt.) All types of Fencing and Tennis Court Surrounds are described in Catalogue 495.

1943 H. J. Massingham Men of Earth ii. 10 A country building..in relation to its matrix or surround.

1959 Listener 1 Jan. 13/1 It was the country, the flat agricultural surround, that so ravished me.

1962 Which? Car Suppl. Oct. 139/1 [There was] creaking noise from steering column surround.

1976 L. van der Post Jung & Story of Our Time (1978) iii. 70 My own isolation in a great natural surround.

1978 Nature 14 Sept. 141/2 Bipolar cell responses to illumination of the surround have been thought to be mediated by horizontal cells.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online September 2019).

surroundv.

Brit.

/səˈraʊnd/, U.S.

/səˈraʊnd/

Forms: Middle English sourround, Middle English–1500s suround, Middle English–1600s surund, 1500s surrownd, surrunde, 1600s sorround, sur-round, surhound, (past participle surround), 1500s– surround.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman sur(o)under, Old French soronder, s(o)uronder to overflow (transitive and intransitive), figurative to abound, to surpass, also, to dominate, overlook = Provençal sobrondar < late Latin superundāre to overflow (figurative), < super super- prefix 1b + undāre to rise in waves, < unda wave. The modern spelling was established before 1600; association of the word with round (quasi sur- + round) no doubt helped to fix the spelling with rr.

I. To overflow.

a. transitive. To overflow, inundate, flood, submerge. Obsolete exc. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (transitive)]

overruneOE

overflowOE

surround1444

overfleeta1460

infounder1505

overfloat1601

inund1628

deluge1649

inound1657

flood1663

to set on float1692

overflood?1784

inundate1791

float1794

freshet1865

1444 Rolls of Parl. V. 109/2 By grete creteyns of water, many Townes and Londes to grete quantite beth sourrounded.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1537/2 The said pent being surrounded at euerie high water.

1609–10 Act 7 Jas. I c. 20 §1 The Sea hath broken in..and hath decayed surrounded and drowned vp much hard Grounde.

1631 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 48 One complaining against another for letting downe a sea wall soe that not onely his but diverse other men's grounds were surrounded.

a1642 R. Callis Reading of Statute of Sewers (1647) ii. 57 For suffering a Sewer..to be unrepaired, by reason whereof his grounds..were sorrounded.

1877 S. B. J. Skertchly Geol. of Fenland ii. 17 In winter nearly all the peat-land was drowned, or as the old fen-men say ‘surrounded’.

figurative.1624 J. Davies Psalm xviii in Wks. (1869) I. 382 When..floods of wickednes did mee surhound.1628 tr. P. Matthieu Powerfull Favorite 51 Seianus saw himselfe surrounded with a storme, in one of the fairest daies of his fortune.1633 P. Fletcher Elisa 123 in Purple Island My heart surround with grief is swoll'n so high.1634 W. Tirwhyt in tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Lett. Transl. to Rdr. sig. a3^v So surunded with the torrent of his Witt.

†b. intransitive. To overflow. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (intransitive)]

overfleeta1325

to-waltc1400

overflowa1425

surround1572

diluviate1599

debord1632

restagnate1653

exundate1721

slop1899

1572 J. Higgins Huloets Dict. (rev. ed.) (at cited word) Nilus doth surrunde, ouerflowe or runne ouer.

1592 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) viii. xli. 178 Streams, if stopt, surrownd.

1599 T. Moffett Silkewormes 64 Lest outward moisture innly being got Surrounding, drownes the little infant-flye.

c1602 C. Marlowe tr. Ovid Elegies iii. v. sig. E3^v The waters more abounded, And from the channell all abroad surrounded.

II. To enclose, extend round, and related uses.

a. To enclose, encompass, or beset on all sides; to stand, lie, or be situated around; also, to form the entourage of; often passive const. with or by = to have on all sides or all round.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > surround or lie around [verb (transitive)]

befong971

beclipc1000

begoc1000

belieOE

bestandc1000

to go about ——OE

umbegangc1200

behema1250

befallc1275

berunc1275

girdc1290

bihalvena1300

umlapa1300

umlaya1300

umlouka1300

umbegoc1300

belayc1320

halsea1340

enclose1340

umbelapa1350

embracec1360

betrendc1374

circlec1374

umbecasta1375

to give about1382

environa1393

umbeclipa1395

compassa1400

encircle?a1400

enourle?a1400

umbegivea1400

umbeseta1400

umbeliec1400

umbetighc1400

enroundc1420

measurec1425

umbsteadc1450

adviron?1473

purprise1481

umbeviron1489

belta1500

girtha1500

overgirda1500

engirt15..

envirea1513

round?a1513

brace1513

umbereach1513

becompass1520

circuea1533

girtc1540

umbsetc1540

circule1553

encompass1555

circulate?a1560

ingyre1568

to do about1571

engird1573

circumdate1578

succinge1578

employ1579

circuate1581

girdle1582

wheel1582

circumgyre1583

enring1589

ringa1592

embail1593

enfold1596

invier1596

stem1596

circumcingle1599

ingert1599

engirdle1602

circulize1603

circumscribe1605

begirt1608

to go round1610

enwheela1616

surround1616

shingle1621

encirculize1624

circumviron1632

beround1643

orba1644

circumference1646

becircle1648

incircuitc1650

circumcinge1657

circumtend1684

besiege1686

cincture1789

zone1795

cravat1814

encincture1820

circumvent1824

begirdle1837

perambulate1863

cordon1891

1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Surround, to compasse round about.

1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn xi, in Poems 6 At last surrounds their sight A Globe of circular light.

1673 J. Milton Psalm VII in Poems (new ed.) 139 Th' assemblies of each Nation Will surround thee, seeking right.

1700 R. Pearson Naaman Vindicated 87 Thou wilt..when thou awakest, find thy self sur-rounded with Devils and everlasting burnings.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 127 Stupendous Precipices which surrounded us.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. ii. 15 At my alighting I was surrounded by a Crowd of People.

1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xlix. 185 He saw the throne already surrounded by men of virtue and abilities.

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. vi. 165 The thick woods, which surrounded them, excluding all view of the country beyond.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. iii. 174 This neither suited the inclination of Elizabeth, nor of some among those who surrounded her.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. iii. 246 If the planet Neptune..be surrounded by an atmosphere.

1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. Introd. (1870) 1 The earth on which we live is..surrounded by stars on all sides.

b. Said of immaterial things, as conditions.

ΚΠ

1639 G. Daniel Ecclus. ix. 47 Thinke, without defence, Thou art Surround in danger.

1682 N. Tate & J. Dryden 2nd Pt. Absalom & Achitophel 7 A Monarch's Crown with Fate surrounded lyes.

a1771 T. Gray Amatory Lines in A. Pope Wks. (1797) ii. 285 With beauty, with pleasure surrounded.

1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest II. ix. 50 Recollect the dangers that surround you.

1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. x. 72 The dignities which surrounded her exalted rank.

1900 Jrnl. School Geogr. (U.S.) Apr. 126 The social conditions surrounding the individual.

c. Military. To enclose (a place, or a body of troops) on all sides so as to cut off communication or retreat; to invest.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)] > surround or beset

umbelaya1300

umclipa1300

umgivea1300

umsetc1340

umbracec1350

umbeseta1400

umclapa1400

umbewaltc1400

umbesiege1422

circumvene1526

umbcastc1540

umclosec1540

circumvent1553

to grasp up1609

surround1637

contain1899

1637 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 233 Our men surrounded the swamp, being a mile about, and shot at the Indians.

1799 R. B. Sheridan Pizarro v. iv Well! if surrounded, we must perish in the centre of them.

1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) A town is said to be surrounded when its principal outlets are blocked up.

3. To go or extend round (an object or body, a room, or the like); to encircle, as a frame, border, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > form the edge of [verb (transitive)]

skirt1602

inverge1612

edge1644

surround1688

selvage1704

skirt1776

outskirt1811

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. iii. 57/1 He beareth Gules, a Garbe, Or, with an Adder..his head aloft, and the tail surrounding it.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 134 With sev'n-fold Horns mysterious Nile Surrounds the Skirts of Egypt's fruitful Isle.

1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Pygmalion 48 An embroider'd Zone surrounds her slender Waste.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 81 A white list..at the bottom of the neck, which it entirely surrounds.

1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. iv. 70 Large oaken presses, filled with shelves of the same wood, surrounded the room.

1845 Encycl. Metrop. VI. 237 A complete frame surrounding the aperture.

1886 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day (ed. 3) xxv. 237 The massive tomb of the Duke of Wellington,..with the names of his victories surrounding the base.

†4. To go or travel around; to make the circuit of, esp. to circumnavigate. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct (one's course, steps, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > make circuit of

viron1382

compassc1384

umbecastc1400

circuea1450

circuitc1550

circle1582

circum-pass1588

round1591

surround1638

encompass1640

circumvent1840

circuitize1846

to make or go the circuit ofa1876

girdle1901

orbit1946

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 16 Pharao Necho..incouraged the Phœnicians (then, proud of their Art in Navigation) to surround Afrique.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. xi. Ded. 231 The ship called the Desire, wherein Captain Cavendish surrounded the world.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 77 When I was driven out to Sea..in my Attempt to surround the Island.

1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick (1840) i. iv. 107 He surrounds the tree fifteen times.

1751 R. Paltock Life Peter Wilkins I. xiii. 123 Though I had surrounded the whole Lake, yet I had not traced the out Bounds of the Wood next the rock.

1825 W. Scott Talisman iv, in Tales Crusaders III. 108 As a second time, in surrounding the chapel, they passed the spot on which he kneeled.

5. To cause to be encircled or enclosed with something.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > surround or lie around [verb (transitive)] > surround with

begirdc890

belayc893

bitrumc1000

umbegoc1300

vironc1440

compass1481

beset1578

entour1623

to fabricate about with1634

surround1635

hearse1646

gird1667

round1698

entwine1796

1635 H. Valentine Foure Sea-serm. 8 We that inhabite the Islands, which God hath moated about, and surrounded with a girdle of waters.

1673 J. Milton Psalm V in Poems (new ed.) 137 As with a shield thou wilt surround Him with thy lasting favour.

1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre III. ix. 243 He surrounded me with his arm, almost as if he loved me.

1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years II. 344 Was it possible that true republicans should ask of their party..to surround itself with all the appearances of fear?

1908 R. Bagot Anthony Cuthbert ii. 9 Those mental and moral barriers with which the average Englishman surrounds himself.

Compounds

The verb-stem in combination.

surround sound n. (also surround-sound) any of various systems of stereophony involving three or more speakers surrounding the listener so as to give a more realistic effect; esp. a four-, five-, or six-speaker system employing signal matrixing, with the aim of reproducing the original front-to-back, floor-to-ceiling, and side-to-side sound distribution; also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > [noun] > systems of

phonography1861

wire recording1933

stereophony1950

half-track1956

stereo1956

stereophonics1958

lip-synchronization1959

mono1959

monophony1959

pretaping1959

over-recording1961

Dolby1966

quadraphonics1968

quadraphony1969

surround sound1969

periphony1970

quad1971

multitrack1972

quadraphonic1972

quadro1972

pseudoquadraphony1975

multitracking1977

vertical recording1982

bitstream1989

1969 High Fidelity Mag. Sept. 63/1 Vanguard's initial offering in what it has termed ‘Surround Sound’ will include the Berlioz Requiem, which calls for four brass bands to be spread around the cardinal points of the hall.

1974 Nature 13 Dec. 535/2 The present upsurge of interest in surround-sound was in some measure triggered by engineers and producers playing back such four-track material directly into four amplifiers and loudspeakers distributed approximately in a square near to the corners of the monitor room.

1978 Broadcast 6 Mar. 18/3 In radio, engineers are experimenting with surround sound systems as the next step forward from stereophonic sound.

1981 Hi-Fi Answers May 58/1 Efforts were made in the mid seventies to market a system of surround sound which went by the name of quadraphonics.

1983 Listener 19 May 34/1 It can create a remarkable surround-sound effect.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	surround
释义	surroundn. Etymology: < surround v.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: suˈrround. 1. An act of surrounding; spec. (originally and chiefly U.S.) the process of hunting certain wild animals by surrounding them and driving them into a place from which they cannot escape. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > [noun] > driving inwards surround1825 1825 in N. Dakota Hist. Q. (1929) IV. 35 The Mandans went out to kill Buffalo, by making whats called a surround, at 8 miles distant from fence. 1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville III. xlvi. 220 It was at length proclaimed, that all who were able to lift a club..should muster for the ‘surround’. 1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters II. ix. 157 The hunters were getting forward with the ‘surround’. 1903 M. G. Gerard Leaves from Diaries viii. 250 Allowing time for the surround to be accomplished, he then strolled off with the remaining..sepoys. 2. A border or edging of a particular material, nearly or quite surrounding the central piece, as of linoleum or felt round a carpet. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > [noun] > that which forms the edge or border > surrounding a central piece surround1893 1893 Ludgate Monthly Mag. Jan. 328/2 Central bordered carpets are now most in vogue, with a surround of linoleum. 1896 J. E. Panton Suburban Resid. 29 I have covered the gaping stained ‘surround’ with felt. 1912 Sphere 28 Dec. p. ii A large cameo brooch set in a surround of finely-chased gold. 3. The area or substance surrounding something; the vicinity, surroundings, or environment (of something). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > [noun] > that which surrounds > a surrounding space or area > totality of surroundings or environment circumstancea1340 encompassure1600 environry1600 vironry1600 attendment1646 circumambiency1646 ambience1648 environment1725 circumjacency1751 environ1762 environage1831 setting1841 enshrinement1849 entourage1850 milieu1854 surroundings1861 ambiente1862 mise-en-scène1871 surround1922 Umwelt1964 1922 Daily Mail 11 Nov. 15/4 The inflammation often extends to the surround of the eye and to the wattles and throat [of poultry]. 1937 Nature 3 July 12/2 Large thermal inertia in the optical parts and small and slow changes in the surround of each instrument were required. 1939 Country Life 11 Feb. p. xxi/1 (advt.) All types of Fencing and Tennis Court Surrounds are described in Catalogue 495. 1943 H. J. Massingham Men of Earth ii. 10 A country building..in relation to its matrix or surround. 1959 Listener 1 Jan. 13/1 It was the country, the flat agricultural surround, that so ravished me. 1962 Which? Car Suppl. Oct. 139/1 [There was] creaking noise from steering column surround. 1976 L. van der Post Jung & Story of Our Time (1978) iii. 70 My own isolation in a great natural surround. 1978 Nature 14 Sept. 141/2 Bipolar cell responses to illumination of the surround have been thought to be mediated by horizontal cells. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online September 2019). surroundv. Brit. /səˈraʊnd/, U.S. /səˈraʊnd/ Forms: Middle English sourround, Middle English–1500s suround, Middle English–1600s surund, 1500s surrownd, surrunde, 1600s sorround, sur-round, surhound, (past participle surround), 1500s– surround. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman sur(o)under, Old French soronder, s(o)uronder to overflow (transitive and intransitive), figurative to abound, to surpass, also, to dominate, overlook = Provençal sobrondar < late Latin superundāre to overflow (figurative), < super super- prefix 1b + undāre to rise in waves, < unda wave. The modern spelling was established before 1600; association of the word with round (quasi sur- + round) no doubt helped to fix the spelling with rr. I. To overflow. 1. a. transitive. To overflow, inundate, flood, submerge. Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (transitive)] overruneOE overflowOE surround1444 overfleeta1460 infounder1505 overfloat1601 inund1628 deluge1649 inound1657 flood1663 to set on float1692 overflood?1784 inundate1791 float1794 freshet1865 1444 Rolls of Parl. V. 109/2 By grete creteyns of water, many Townes and Londes to grete quantite beth sourrounded. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1537/2 The said pent being surrounded at euerie high water. 1609–10 Act 7 Jas. I c. 20 §1 The Sea hath broken in..and hath decayed surrounded and drowned vp much hard Grounde. 1631 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 48 One complaining against another for letting downe a sea wall soe that not onely his but diverse other men's grounds were surrounded. a1642 R. Callis Reading of Statute of Sewers (1647) ii. 57 For suffering a Sewer..to be unrepaired, by reason whereof his grounds..were sorrounded. 1877 S. B. J. Skertchly Geol. of Fenland ii. 17 In winter nearly all the peat-land was drowned, or as the old fen-men say ‘surrounded’. figurative.1624 J. Davies Psalm xviii in Wks. (1869) I. 382 When..floods of wickednes did mee surhound.1628 tr. P. Matthieu Powerfull Favorite 51 Seianus saw himselfe surrounded with a storme, in one of the fairest daies of his fortune.1633 P. Fletcher Elisa 123 in Purple Island My heart surround with grief is swoll'n so high.1634 W. Tirwhyt in tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Lett. Transl. to Rdr. sig. a3^v So surunded with the torrent of his Witt. †b. intransitive. To overflow. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (intransitive)] overfleeta1325 to-waltc1400 overflowa1425 surround1572 diluviate1599 debord1632 restagnate1653 exundate1721 slop1899 1572 J. Higgins Huloets Dict. (rev. ed.) (at cited word) Nilus doth surrunde, ouerflowe or runne ouer. 1592 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) viii. xli. 178 Streams, if stopt, surrownd. 1599 T. Moffett Silkewormes 64 Lest outward moisture innly being got Surrounding, drownes the little infant-flye. c1602 C. Marlowe tr. Ovid Elegies iii. v. sig. E3^v The waters more abounded, And from the channell all abroad surrounded. II. To enclose, extend round, and related uses. 2. a. To enclose, encompass, or beset on all sides; to stand, lie, or be situated around; also, to form the entourage of; often passive const. with or by = to have on all sides or all round. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > surround or lie around [verb (transitive)] befong971 beclipc1000 begoc1000 belieOE bestandc1000 to go about ——OE umbegangc1200 behema1250 befallc1275 berunc1275 girdc1290 bihalvena1300 umlapa1300 umlaya1300 umlouka1300 umbegoc1300 belayc1320 halsea1340 enclose1340 umbelapa1350 embracec1360 betrendc1374 circlec1374 umbecasta1375 to give about1382 environa1393 umbeclipa1395 compassa1400 encircle?a1400 enourle?a1400 umbegivea1400 umbeseta1400 umbeliec1400 umbetighc1400 enroundc1420 measurec1425 umbsteadc1450 adviron?1473 purprise1481 umbeviron1489 belta1500 girtha1500 overgirda1500 engirt15.. envirea1513 round?a1513 brace1513 umbereach1513 becompass1520 circuea1533 girtc1540 umbsetc1540 circule1553 encompass1555 circulate?a1560 ingyre1568 to do about1571 engird1573 circumdate1578 succinge1578 employ1579 circuate1581 girdle1582 wheel1582 circumgyre1583 enring1589 ringa1592 embail1593 enfold1596 invier1596 stem1596 circumcingle1599 ingert1599 engirdle1602 circulize1603 circumscribe1605 begirt1608 to go round1610 enwheela1616 surround1616 shingle1621 encirculize1624 circumviron1632 beround1643 orba1644 circumference1646 becircle1648 incircuitc1650 circumcinge1657 circumtend1684 besiege1686 cincture1789 zone1795 cravat1814 encincture1820 circumvent1824 begirdle1837 perambulate1863 cordon1891 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Surround, to compasse round about. 1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn xi, in Poems 6 At last surrounds their sight A Globe of circular light. 1673 J. Milton Psalm VII in Poems (new ed.) 139 Th' assemblies of each Nation Will surround thee, seeking right. 1700 R. Pearson Naaman Vindicated 87 Thou wilt..when thou awakest, find thy self sur-rounded with Devils and everlasting burnings. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 127 Stupendous Precipices which surrounded us. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. ii. 15 At my alighting I was surrounded by a Crowd of People. 1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xlix. 185 He saw the throne already surrounded by men of virtue and abilities. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. vi. 165 The thick woods, which surrounded them, excluding all view of the country beyond. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. iii. 174 This neither suited the inclination of Elizabeth, nor of some among those who surrounded her. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. iii. 246 If the planet Neptune..be surrounded by an atmosphere. 1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. Introd. (1870) 1 The earth on which we live is..surrounded by stars on all sides. b. Said of immaterial things, as conditions. ΚΠ 1639 G. Daniel Ecclus. ix. 47 Thinke, without defence, Thou art Surround in danger. 1682 N. Tate & J. Dryden 2nd Pt. Absalom & Achitophel 7 A Monarch's Crown with Fate surrounded lyes. a1771 T. Gray Amatory Lines in A. Pope Wks. (1797) ii. 285 With beauty, with pleasure surrounded. 1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest II. ix. 50 Recollect the dangers that surround you. 1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. x. 72 The dignities which surrounded her exalted rank. 1900 Jrnl. School Geogr. (U.S.) Apr. 126 The social conditions surrounding the individual. c. Military. To enclose (a place, or a body of troops) on all sides so as to cut off communication or retreat; to invest. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)] > surround or beset umbelaya1300 umclipa1300 umgivea1300 umsetc1340 umbracec1350 umbeseta1400 umclapa1400 umbewaltc1400 umbesiege1422 circumvene1526 umbcastc1540 umclosec1540 circumvent1553 to grasp up1609 surround1637 contain1899 1637 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 233 Our men surrounded the swamp, being a mile about, and shot at the Indians. 1799 R. B. Sheridan Pizarro v. iv Well! if surrounded, we must perish in the centre of them. 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) A town is said to be surrounded when its principal outlets are blocked up. 3. To go or extend round (an object or body, a room, or the like); to encircle, as a frame, border, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > form the edge of [verb (transitive)] skirt1602 inverge1612 edge1644 surround1688 selvage1704 skirt1776 outskirt1811 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. iii. 57/1 He beareth Gules, a Garbe, Or, with an Adder..his head aloft, and the tail surrounding it. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 134 With sev'n-fold Horns mysterious Nile Surrounds the Skirts of Egypt's fruitful Isle. View more context for this quotation 1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Pygmalion 48 An embroider'd Zone surrounds her slender Waste. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 81 A white list..at the bottom of the neck, which it entirely surrounds. 1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. iv. 70 Large oaken presses, filled with shelves of the same wood, surrounded the room. 1845 Encycl. Metrop. VI. 237 A complete frame surrounding the aperture. 1886 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day (ed. 3) xxv. 237 The massive tomb of the Duke of Wellington,..with the names of his victories surrounding the base. †4. To go or travel around; to make the circuit of, esp. to circumnavigate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct (one's course, steps, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > make circuit of viron1382 compassc1384 umbecastc1400 circuea1450 circuitc1550 circle1582 circum-pass1588 round1591 surround1638 encompass1640 circumvent1840 circuitize1846 to make or go the circuit ofa1876 girdle1901 orbit1946 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 16 Pharao Necho..incouraged the Phœnicians (then, proud of their Art in Navigation) to surround Afrique. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. xi. Ded. 231 The ship called the Desire, wherein Captain Cavendish surrounded the world. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 77 When I was driven out to Sea..in my Attempt to surround the Island. 1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick (1840) i. iv. 107 He surrounds the tree fifteen times. 1751 R. Paltock Life Peter Wilkins I. xiii. 123 Though I had surrounded the whole Lake, yet I had not traced the out Bounds of the Wood next the rock. 1825 W. Scott Talisman iv, in Tales Crusaders III. 108 As a second time, in surrounding the chapel, they passed the spot on which he kneeled. 5. To cause to be encircled or enclosed with something. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > surround or lie around [verb (transitive)] > surround with begirdc890 belayc893 bitrumc1000 umbegoc1300 vironc1440 compass1481 beset1578 entour1623 to fabricate about with1634 surround1635 hearse1646 gird1667 round1698 entwine1796 1635 H. Valentine Foure Sea-serm. 8 We that inhabite the Islands, which God hath moated about, and surrounded with a girdle of waters. 1673 J. Milton Psalm V in Poems (new ed.) 137 As with a shield thou wilt surround Him with thy lasting favour. 1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre III. ix. 243 He surrounded me with his arm, almost as if he loved me. 1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years II. 344 Was it possible that true republicans should ask of their party..to surround itself with all the appearances of fear? 1908 R. Bagot Anthony Cuthbert ii. 9 Those mental and moral barriers with which the average Englishman surrounds himself. Compounds The verb-stem in combination. surround sound n. (also surround-sound) any of various systems of stereophony involving three or more speakers surrounding the listener so as to give a more realistic effect; esp. a four-, five-, or six-speaker system employing signal matrixing, with the aim of reproducing the original front-to-back, floor-to-ceiling, and side-to-side sound distribution; also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > [noun] > systems of phonography1861 wire recording1933 stereophony1950 half-track1956 stereo1956 stereophonics1958 lip-synchronization1959 mono1959 monophony1959 pretaping1959 over-recording1961 Dolby1966 quadraphonics1968 quadraphony1969 surround sound1969 periphony1970 quad1971 multitrack1972 quadraphonic1972 quadro1972 pseudoquadraphony1975 multitracking1977 vertical recording1982 bitstream1989 1969 High Fidelity Mag. Sept. 63/1 Vanguard's initial offering in what it has termed ‘Surround Sound’ will include the Berlioz Requiem, which calls for four brass bands to be spread around the cardinal points of the hall. 1974 Nature 13 Dec. 535/2 The present upsurge of interest in surround-sound was in some measure triggered by engineers and producers playing back such four-track material directly into four amplifiers and loudspeakers distributed approximately in a square near to the corners of the monitor room. 1978 Broadcast 6 Mar. 18/3 In radio, engineers are experimenting with surround sound systems as the next step forward from stereophonic sound. 1981 Hi-Fi Answers May 58/1 Efforts were made in the mid seventies to market a system of surround sound which went by the name of quadraphonics. 1983 Listener 19 May 34/1 It can create a remarkable surround-sound effect. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1825v.1444
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