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单词 suspend
释义

suspendv.

Brit. /səˈspɛnd/, U.S. /səˈspɛnd/
Forms: Also Middle English sos-; Middle English past tense and participle suspend(e, past tense suspent, Middle English–1500s (1800s in sense 10a) past participle suspent.
Etymology: < Old French sus-, sospendre or < its source Latin suspendĕre (whence also Provençal suspendre , Italian sospendere , Spanish suspender , Portuguese suspender ), < sus- , sub- prefix ad init. and 25 + pend- to hang.
I. To debar, postpone, defer, and related uses.
1.
a. transitive. To debar, usually for a time, from the exercise of a function or enjoyment of a privilege; esp. to deprive (temporarily) of one's office. Const. from, †of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > temporarily cease action or operation [verb (reflexive)]
suspendc1290
pause1600
the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > cease from temporarily [verb (transitive)] > cause to cease temporarily
suspendc1290
pausea1542
intermit1557
to give (a) pause1566
intercidea1641
interpolatea1676
society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > remove from office or authority [verb (transitive)] > temporarily
suspendc1290
society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > debar (a person) > temporarily
suspendc1290
c1290 Beket 1713 in S. Eng. Leg. 155 Þe pope him sende lettres..þat he scholde..suspendi þe bischopes þat swuch on-riȝt duden þere.
c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 79 Þei wolen suspenden pore prestis fro masse & prechynge & alle goddis seruyce.
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 5 Þis Odo suspendede kyng Edwynus of Cristendom [ Higden a Christianitate suspendit], for he was to fervent in leccherie.
c1440 Alphabet of Tales 460 A bisshopp þat suspent a certan preste in his dioces..þis is þe bisshopp þat tuke fro vs our preste & suspend hym.
c1450 Mirk's Festial 236 He suspendyt hom of hor pouer þat þay haddyn in Cristys creatures.
1534 tr. Constit. Otho in Lyndewode's Constit. Prouincialles f. 114 That they be suspended both from offyce and also benefyce.
1586–7 D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 143 His Hienes and the saidis Lordis hes suspendit..the saidis Maisteris Balcanquell and Williame Watsoun of all..preiching of the Worde.
a1628 J. Preston Saints Daily Exercise (1629) 128 They are suspended from receiving the benefit by it.
1687 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 221 The vice-chancellor of Cambridge suspended this month for not admitting father Francis M.A.
1693 A. Wood Life 12 Oct. 432 The society suspended him of his vote.
1699 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) IV. 535 Captain Kirk..is suspended his commission in the earl of Oxfords regiment.
1743–4 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. i. 212 I do hereby suspend you from all further Authority in His Majty's Fleet, till His Majty's Pleasure shall be known.
1877 J. A. Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. i. ix. 96 The king had been obliged to suspend the sheriffs in several counties.
1881 W. E. Gladstone Speech in Comm. 3 Feb. It becomes my duty to make a Motion for the suspension of the following Members... I have to move that they be severally suspended from the service of the House during the remainder of the day's Sitting.
reflexive.c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 362 Ȝif þei wolden suspende hemsilf fro alle þingis but Goddis lawe.
b. To debar temporarily from participation in something, presence in a place, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > debar (a person) > from a place > temporarily
suspendc1400
c1400 Rule St. Benet (verse) 1258 Sche salbe suspend fro þe kirk, Fro mete, & fro al company.
c1450 J. Lydgate Secrees 2240 Yif he thus offende, Oute of thy presence hym vttirly suspende.
2.
a. To put a stop to, usually for a time; esp. to bring to a (temporary) stop; to intermit the use or exercise of, put in abeyance. Chiefly in passive without implication of a definite agent. to suspend payment: to cease paying debts or claims on account of financial inability; to become insolvent.
ΚΠ
c1290 Beket 856 in S. Eng. Leg. 131 Þo seide þe bischop of wynchestre: ‘sire gilbert, beo stille! We sospendiez swuch conseil, for it nis nouȝt wurth a fille.’
c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 356 Prove he his power bi þis lesse, and suspende assoiling of moneie.
1529 T. More Supplyc. Soulys ii. f. xxxiii Though he suffer hys mercy to be communely suspendyd and temperyd wyth the balaunce of hys iustyce.
1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII c. 48 §1 The same rentis by longe tymes shalbe suspendid and not due to be paid.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. clxv The Emperour doeth suspende all suites and actions in the lawe commenced againste the Protestauntes.
1564 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 287 The Lordis of Secreit Counsall suspendis the said Robert Lord Sempillis commissioun abonewrittin.
1602 W. Warner Epitome Hist. Eng. in Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) 355 The Gouernment of the naturall Brittish Kings..was for many yeeres suspended.
1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. ii. 16 External actual communion may sometimes be suspended..by the just censures of the Church.
1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 259 The Course of the nourishing Juice being suspended and turn'd aside.
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 187. ⁋5 By dividing his time between the chace and fishery, [he] suspended the miseries of absence and suspicion.
1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. I. viii. 178 The king..suspended the payment of Peter's pence.
1777 J. Priestley Disquis. Matter & Spirit iv. 36 All power of thinking is suspended during a swoon.
1856 B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. (ed. 3) I. iv. 138 We may by a powerful effort suspend the action of the respiratory muscles during a limited time.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxvii. 217 A motion which seems not to be suspended even in the depth of winter.
1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. ii. xi. 575 The end of a Prize Court is,—to suspend the property which is the subject of prize, till condemnation.
1883 Manch. Examiner 29 Oct. 5/4 The firm had to suspend payment, not from any fault of their own, but from their connection with another firm.
1885 Law Times 80 111/1 The right of the railway company to suspend the ordinary service of trains on occasions of..exceptional pressure.
1902 W. W. Jacobs At Sunwich Port i. 5 My [master's] certificate has been suspended for six months.
b. To stop or check the action or movement of (something) temporarily; to hold in suspense; †to hold back from.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > cease from temporarily [verb (transitive)] > cause to cease temporarily > temporarily stop the action of
suspendc1450
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > check (in) a course of action
stanchc1315
arrestc1374
checka1400
stem?c1450
stay1525
to take up1530
rebate1532
suspend1565
nip1575
countercheck1590
to nip in the bud1590
to clip the wings ofa1593
to nip in (also by, on) the head (also neck, pate)1594
trasha1616
to scotch the wheels of1648
spike1687
spoke1854
to pull up1861
c1450 Godstow Reg. 94 All other every dayes hit shold be lawful to syng j masse with a lowe voyce, and the belle suspended.
1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 413 Thair Hienessis is contentit..to suspend thair handis fra all geving.
1569 T. Underdowne tr. Ovid Inuectiue against Ibis F iiij As sone as he sawe his chylde lye before him, he draue on the one syde, and suspended hys plough, and so passed without harme to the chylde.
1643 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce 13 Nothing more then disturbance of minde suspends us from approaching to God.
1710 Ld. Shaftesbury Soliloquy 101 The Sublime can no way..bear to be suspended in its impetuous Course.
c1750 Collins On Distant View Richmond Church iv Remembrance oft shall haunt the shore..And oft suspend the dashing oar To bid his gentle spirit rest!
1753 A. Murphy Gray's Inn Jrnl. No. 33 Both their Sensations being too big for Utterance, their Tongues were suspended.
1836 W. S. Landor Pericles & Aspasia I. 88 There is a gloom in deep love, as in deep water: there is a silence in it which suspends the foot.
c. spec. To put a stop to or interdict the use of (a place of worship), esp. temporarily; hence, to profane. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > excommunication > interdict > issue interdict [verb (transitive)]
interdictc1290
suspendc1380
society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > church or place of worship > [verb (transitive)] > interdict use of
suspendc1380
c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 69 Þei wolen suffre..a chirche or a chirche ȝerde suspendid & no masse seyd þer-inne.
a1500 ( Bale's Chron. in R. Flenley Six Town Chron. (1911) 120 The first day of July powles chirch was suspent and the v day folowyng halowed ageyn.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Kings xxiii. 8 He..suspended ye hye places, where the prestes brent incense.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Acts xxiv. A We haue founde this man..a sterer vp of sedicion..and hath taken in hande also to suspende the temple.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Acts x. 38 b Hytherto neuer eate I anye meate that was suspended, or vncleane [L. quicquid profanum aut impurum].
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxciiij His chaplaines before they wold saye any seruice in their churches,..hallowed them againe..as suspended and polluted with Lutheranisme.
1561 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1843) III. ii. 270 Ye Lady College Kyrk..is decernit and suspendit ane prophane hows.
d. gen. To put a stop to the use of, interdict; to abrogate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > proscribe or interdict
to lay in forbodea1400
outlawc1400
suspend1488
interdict1502
inhibita1513
proscribe1622
contraband1678
ban1816
red-line1958
society > law > rule of law > illegality > render illegal [verb (transitive)] > deprive of legal validity
abatea1325
squatcha1325
voida1325
allayc1325
annul1395
reverse1395
revokec1400
rupt?a1425
repealc1425
abroge1427
defeat1429
purloin1461
cassa1464
toll1467
resume1472
reprove1479
suspend1488
discharge1495
reduce1498
cassate1512
defease1512
denulla1513
disannula1513
fordoa1513
avoid1514–5
abrogate?1520
frustrate1528
revert1528
disaffirm?1530
extinct1530
resolve1537
null1538
nihilate1545
extinguish1548
elidec1554
revocate1564
annullate1570
squat1577
skaila1583
irritate1605
retex1606
nullify1607
unable1611
refix1621
vitiate1627
invalid1643
vacate1643
unlaw1644
outlaw1647
invalidate1649
disenact1651
vacuate1654
supersedec1674
destroy1805
break1891
1488 in Archaeologia 45 115 viij Pillowes of dyvers coloures, besides other that beth suspent & dampned for bad, as appereth in the parcellis of the suspent wares.
1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus iii. f. 42 The law positiue, It did suspend, and haldis as detestiue.
e. To cause (a law or the like) to be for the time no longer in force; to abrogate or make inoperative temporarily.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legislation > make (laws) or establish as law [verb (transitive)] > suspend (a law)
interrupt1430
suspend1535
the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > annul, cancel, revoke [verb (transitive)] > temporarily
suspend1535
respite1816
abey1866
society > law > rule of law > illegality > render illegal [verb (transitive)] > deprive of legal validity > temporarily
suspend1535
1535–6 Act 27 Hen. VIII c. 10 §8 Provided also that this present acte..be..[not] taken to extincte release discharge or suspende any Statute [etc.].
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. clxxxiij The decree of Auspurge..he suspendeth.
1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. ii. xviii. 273 The statutes of mortmain were suspended for twenty years by the statute 1 & 2 P. & M. c. 8.
1787 Constit. U.S. i. §9 The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when..the public safety may require it.
1842 T. B. Macaulay Frederic the Great in Ess. (1877) 700 The authority of laws and magistrates had been suspended.
1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar v. 43 In great danger it was the Senate's business to suspend the constituion.
f. Of an event, condition, etc.: To bring about or entail the temporary cessation of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > cease from temporarily [verb (transitive)] > cause to cease temporarily > of an event, condition, etc.
suspend1419
1419 26 Pol. Poems 71 Encresyng of temperalte Suspende spiritualte.
a1677 J. Taylor Contempl. State Man (1684) ii. iv. 206 There is no joy..which can suspend the grief we suffer from a Finger that is Sawing off.
1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur iii. 83 Wonder almost suspends their Happiness.
1793 T. Beddoes Observ. Nature Demonstrative Evid. p. xiii Pregnancy suspends consumption.
1805 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 14 142 When the small-pox appeared first, it did not suspend the measles.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 247 The agitation, which had been suspended by the late changes, speedily became more violent than ever.
1901 Electr. Rev. 27 Sept. 523/2 A breakdown of a trolley wire..temporarily suspended the service [of trams].
g. To cease (for a time) from the execution or performance of; to desist or refrain from, esp. temporarily. †Also absol. Now unusual.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > cease from temporarily [verb (transitive)]
pretermit1539
intermit1576
suspend1608
to flinch (back) one's hand1674
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear ii. 80 If it shall please you to suspend your indignation against my brother, til you can deriue from him better testimony of this intent. View more context for this quotation
1629 H. Burton Babel No Bethel 69 All saving truthes..must vaile bonnet, and suspend, while Romes Traditions bee serued and obserued.
1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. vii. 146 Suspend your foolish Passion about the Fellow.
1769 E. Burke Observ. Late State Nation 57 The ministers quarrelled among themselves. They disclaimed one another. They suspended violence, and shrunk from treaty.
1780 W. Cowper Nightingale & Glow-worm 3 A nightingale..Had cheer'd the village with his song, Nor yet at eve his note suspended.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. iv. 96 Men suspended every, even the slightest external motion.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. i. 27 An old woman..for the moment had suspended her wail to listen.
1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda IV. viii. lviii. 176 These thoughts, which he wanted to master and suspend.
h. intransitive for passive. To come to a stop for the time, cease temporarily, intermit. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > temporarily cease activity or operation [verb (intransitive)]
restOE
pause1440
breathe1485
interpausea1535
respett1561
to take pausement1599
intermita1604
to turn down a (also the, this, etc.) leaf1633
interspire1647
suspend1650
stop1711
to hang up1845
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. i. 61 Then Jordan, whose streams hitherto suspended, returned into his channell.
1808 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 19 499 The apoplectic respiration now nearly suspended.
1879 S. C. Bartlett Egypt to Palestine 459 The rain suspended long enough for us to..get fairly under way.
3.
a. To put off to a later time or occasion; to defer, postpone. Obsolete or merged in other senses.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (transitive)]
forslowc888
eldc897
forsita940
gele971
lengOE
drilla1300
delayc1300
onfrestc1300
tarryc1320
jornc1330
dretchc1380
defer1382
forbida1387
to put offa1387
to put (also set) (something) in (or on) delaya1393
dilate1399
fordrawa1400
to put overc1410
latch?c1422
adjournc1425
prolongc1425
proloynec1425
rejournc1425
to put in respite1428
sleuthc1430
respitea1450
prorogue1453
refer1466
sleep1470
supersede1482
respectc1487
postpone1496
overseta1500
respett1500
enjourna1513
relong1523
retract1524
tarde1524
track1524
to fode forth1525
tract1527
protract1528
further1529
to make stay of1530
surcease1530
prorogate1534
to fay upon longc1540
linger1543
retard?1543
slake1544
procrastine1548
reprieve1548
remit1550
suspense1556
leave1559
shiftc1562
suspend1566
procrastinate1569
dally1574
post1577
to hold off1580
drift1584
loiter1589
postpose1598
to take one's (own) timea1602
flag1602
slug1605
elong1610
belay1613
demur1613
tardya1616
to hang up1623
frist1637
disjourn1642
future1642
off1642
waive1653
superannuate1655
perendinate1656
stave1664
detard1675
remora1686
to put back1718
withhold1726
protract1737
to keep over1847
to hold over1853
laten1860
to lay over1885
hold1891
back-burner1975
1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iii. x. sig. Qq.viij/1 It is..not knowen what is true, & so the sentence definitiue is suspended.
1581 in D. Digges Compl. Ambassador (1655) 388 Her M. suspendeth all resolute answers, till she hear from you.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. i. 4 So hath he reserved many things unto his owne resolution, whose determinations..we..must with reverence suspend unto that great day. View more context for this quotation
1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 202 The old Fryer..thought every day a year that I stayed there, and suspended my Voyage for England.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1683 (1955) IV. 319 He would certainely, Enter Judgment against them; which hitherto he had suspended.
1742 R. West Let. c12 Apr. in T. Gray Corr. (1971) I. 194 Till that first act is over, every body suspends his vote.
1793 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) II. 277 Britain will suspend her blow till she can strike very hard.
with infinitive (or gerund).1566 Abp. M. Parker Let. 9 Mar. in Corr. (1853) (modernized text) 262 Being informed..that..you suspended to give your furtherance until you had heard our advice.1581 T. Howell His Deuises sig. K.jv Suspend to deeme the worst,..And poyse eche poynte before you verdit giue.1672 Earl of Essex in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 22 If I shall see that..they doe meritt, I will put it in execution, but if not, I will suspend doeing any thing in it.1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will ii. vii. 71 There is no Medium between suspending to act, and immediately acting.
b. To defer dealing with; to put off consideration of; to pass over for the time; hence gen. to disregard. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)]
fordita800
forheedc1275
forget1297
to let out ofa1300
spele1338
to go beside ——a1382
waivec1400
remiss?a1425
to go by ——?c1450
misknowledge?a1475
misknow1483
misken1494
to go besides ——1530
to let pass1530
unregard1545
unmind1562
overlook1570
mislippen1581
suspend1581
omit1589
blanch1605
to blow off1631
disregard1641
to pass with ——1641
to give (a person or thing) the go-by1654
prescind1654
nihilify1656
proscribe1680
unnotice1776
ignore1795
to close one's mind1797
cushion1818
to leave out in the cold1839
overslaugh1846
unheed1847
to write off1861
to look through ——1894
scrub1943
the world > action or operation > manner of action > slowness of action or operation > be slow in performing [verb (transitive)] > be backward or dilatory to do something
forsita940
sleuthc1430
sleep1470
suspend1581
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (transitive)] > for later treatment or consideration
reservec1384
to put in suspense1421
resplait1447
to put in resplait1452
to leave over?c1475
sleep1519
refer1559
suspend1581
seposit1657
pigeonhole1840
shelve1847
table1849
pend1953
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 6 I would..a little suspend these seuerall points, and first intreate of this matter in generall.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 493 A Regall Commission (which partly beeing some-where obeyed, and other-where suspended).
1660 R. Ellsworth in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1911) 2nd Ser. 121 Their said refuseall, if suspended or conniued att, will cause a general discontent.
1765 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 (ed. 2) ii. 293 The reason of which..it is better to suspend than too critically to inquire into.
c. Of an event, etc.: To defer or delay the accomplishment of. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (transitive)] > delay the accomplishment of
suspend1781
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) II. xxi. 309 The divisions of Christianity suspended the ruin of paganism.
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 197 Will thy discovery of the cause Suspend th' effect, or heal it?
1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. ii. iii. 253 The bravest efforts of their gallant chiefs could not suspend their destiny.
d. intransitive. To be delayed. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)] > defer action until something happens
to wait one's (or the) time, hour, opportunity, etc.c1480
stayc1540
expect1548
attend1560
to stand about ——1564
waita1633
suspend1690
to stand over1771
1690 J. Child Disc. Trade i. 49 Before the Use of Money falls, which I conclude cannot long suspend.
4.
a. transitive. To keep (one's judgement) undetermined; to refrain from forming (an opinion) or giving (assent) decisively.†occasionally to withhold (assent) from.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > be irresolute about [verb (transitive)] > keep judgement or opinion undecided
suspenda1555
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > state of uncertainty, suspense > keep in suspense [verb (transitive)] > suspend judgement
suspenda1555
a1555 H. Latimer 27 Serm. (1562) ii. f. 6v We should not be to hastye in beleuynge the tale, but rather suspende oure iudgementes till we know the truth.
1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum ii. iv. 225* In doubtfull things we suspend our assent, and iudgement.
1667 W. Temple Let. in Wks. (1731) II. 27 I suspend my Confidence till the Arrival of my English Letters, which are my Gospel in these Cases.
1742 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1851) IV. 551 He must excuse us if we suspend our belief until we are better satisfied of the Truth of the Facts.
1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 16 The publick voice suspends its decision.
1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing I. i. iii. ii. 256 On this subject I suspend my opinion.
1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay i. 6 He felt strongly disposed to believe that his new acquaintance was thoroughly a lady, though a knowledge of life in most European capitals disposed him to suspend his judgment.
b. absol. To suspend one's judgement, to be in doubt; hence occasionally (with simple object or object clause) to doubt; also, to apprehend, suspect. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > be irresolute or vacillate [verb (intransitive)]
haltc825
flecchec1300
waverc1315
flickerc1325
wag1387
swervea1400
floghter1521
stacker1526
to be of (occasionally in) many (also divers) minds1530
wave1532
stagger1533
to hang in the wind1536
to waver as, like, with the wind1548
mammer1554
sway1563
dodge1568
erch1584
suspend1585
float1598
swag1608
hoverc1620
hesitate1623
vacillate1623
fluctuate1634
demur1641
balance1656
to be at shall I, shall I (not)1674
to stand shall I, shall I1674
to go shill-I shall-I1700
to stand at shilly-shally1700
to act, to keep (upon), the volanta1734
whiffle1737
dilly-dally1740
to be in (also of, occasionally on) two minds (also in twenty minds, in (also of) several minds, etc.)1751
oscillate1771
shilly-shally1782
dacker1817
librate1822
humdrum1825
swing1833
(to stand or sit) on or upon the fence1848
to back and fill1854
haver1866
wobble1867
shaffle1873
dicker1879
to be on the weigh-scales1886
waffle1894
to think twice1898
to teeter on the brink1902
dither1908
vagulate1918
pern1920
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > state of uncertainty, suspense > be in suspense [verb (intransitive)] > suspend judgement or action
suspend1585
to leave in the midst1609
(to stand or sit) on or upon the fence1830
wait for it1930
1585 Queen Elizabeth I in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. (1880) 29 I wer out of [my] sences if I shuld not suspend of any hiresay til the answer of your owne action.
1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor iv. iii. sig. Mv Pardon me, that's to be suspended, you are too quick, too apprehensiue. View more context for this quotation
1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love iv. ii. sig. G3v These Ladyes are not of that close, and open behauiour, as happily you may suspend . View more context for this quotation
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vi. 248 [They] sayd, heere Diues the rich Glutton dwelt..: this I suspend.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. vi. 102 Many things are..believed of other plants, wherin at least we cannot but suspend . View more context for this quotation
1656 T. Burton Diary (1828) I. 141 Moses did not suspend that it was to be punished with death. His consultation with God was only about the manner.
1676 A. Marvell Mr. Smirke sig. G Some divines teach us to believe (though I suspend,) that God himself cannot..Compel men to believing.
1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. Pref. That voluntary Power over our Affections and Actions, by which we deliberate, suspend, and choose.
c. To hold oneself back or refrain from doing something. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (intransitive)]
to let bec1000
fastOE
withdraw1297
letc1374
forbearc1375
abstaina1382
sparec1386
respitea1393
to let alonea1400
refraina1402
supersede1449
deport1477
to hold one's handa1500
spare1508
surcease1542
detract1548
to hold back1576
hold1589
to stand by1590
to hold up1596
suspend1598
stickle1684
to hold off1861
to bottle it1988
1598 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 50 Wisshing us to suspend from embracing any other course in that kinde.
1675 M. Clifford Treat. Humane Reason 17 Reason will not presently advise us to a change,..but suspend a while and attempt again.
1675 M. Clifford Treat. Humane Reason 89 I must..stand still, that is suspend absolutely from the belief of any Religion.
d. to suspend disbelief, to refrain from being sceptical, or from doubting the truth of something. Cf. suspension n. 3b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > scepticism > be sceptical [verb (intransitive)] > refrain from
to suspend disbelief1963
1963 Listener 28 Feb. 393/2 By the time he arrived at the cliff-hanging conclusion there was nothing for it but to suspend disbelief.
1979 Amer. Notes & Queries Feb. 97/1 In suspending disbelief, poets could construct a fictitious transitional zone.
5.
a. To keep in a state of mental fixity, attention, or contemplation; to rivet the attention of.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > attention > attracting attention > engage the attention [verb (transitive)] > hold attention, absorb
swallowc1330
deepc1380
dare1547
suspend1561
preoccupy1567
devour1568
to swallow up1581
enwrap1589
invest1601
steep1603
to take up1603
spell1646
possess1653
enchain1658
engross1661
absorb1749
fix1752
rivet1762
fascinate1782
spell-bind1808
arrest1814
mesmerize1862
to turn on1903
get1913
consume1999
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 9 To geue ourselues unto such a searching out of God, as may so holde our witt suspended with admiration [etc.].
1639 S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events a 2 Things which delight and wonderfully suspend the minde.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 554 The harmony..Suspended Hell, and took with ravishment The thronging audience. View more context for this quotation
1669 A. Woodhead tr. Life St. Teresa (1671) ii. xi. 91 A Prayer of Quiet in the manner of a Spiritual sleep, which suspends the Soul so, that..we may lose much time.
1744 M. Akenside Pleasures Imagination i. 257 The village-matron, round the blazing hearth, Suspends the infant-audience with her tales.
1804 ‘E. de Acton’ Tale without Title I. 224 She sat suspended, till recollecting the box..she started.
1812 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Paradiso xxxii. 81 Whatsoever I had yet beheld, Had not so much suspended me with wonder [It. Di tanta ammirazion non mi sospese].
b. To keep in suspense, uncertainty, or indecision. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > state of uncertainty, suspense > keep in suspense [verb (transitive)]
to hold (also keep) (a person) in handa1400
to keep (or hold) in (great or a great) suspense1557
to hold (one) with his bill in the water1579
to hang by the eyelids1587
suspend1605
equipoise1887
to keep (a person) on the edge of his (also her) seat1897
1605 B. Jonson Sejanus iv. i. 422 Thus he leaues the Senate Diuided, and suspended, all vncertaine. View more context for this quotation
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xiii. 39 We were all suspended into divers opinions.
1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love Ded. She [sc. Victory] seem'd to suspend her self, and to doubt, before she took her flight.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 288 My Thoughts were a little suspended, when I had a serious Discourse with the Spaniard.
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 158. ⁋13 The intent of the introduction is to raise expectation, and suspend it.
1798 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 208 I am entirely suspended as to what is to be expected.
c1880 Kirkby (Yorks.) Dial. They were very curious to know the secret but I would not tell them. I suspended them for a whole year.
1962 Listener 27 Sept. 483/1 Dostoyevsky harrows and suspends his reader.
6. Scots Law.
a. transitive. To defer or stay (execution of a sentence) pending its discussion in the Supreme Court.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [verb (transitive)] > stay or suspend proceedings > specific execution of a sentence
suspend1650
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > sentencing > sentence [verb (transitive)] > suspend execution of judgement
suspend1650
1650 Acts Sederunt Scotl. (1740) I. 27 The Decreittis, registrate Bandis, and uther Groundis of the Creditors, and Charges craved to be suspendit.
1766 Ld. Kames Remarkable Decisions Court of Session 1730–52 65 Begbie occasionally hearing that his decree was suspended, put up his protestation in common form.
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. at Suspension The party complaining commences proceedings by presenting a bill of suspension..his bill concludes, that the..execution in question ought to be suspended, and therefore he prays for letters of suspension.
b. intransitive. To present a bill of suspension: see suspension n. 4, and cf. suspender n. 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > go to law or litigate [verb (intransitive)] > present bill of suspension
suspend1698
1698 in Sir H. Dalrymple Decisions (1792) 1 Sir John C. having charged the Earl..upon a bond of borrowed money, to pay 1000 l. Sterling, he suspended, and alleged res judicata.
1766 Ld. Kames Remarkable Decisions Court of Session 1730–52 70 William Hogg, being charged for recourse, suspended upon want of due negotiation.
7. Music. To prolong (a note of a chord) into the following chord, thus deferring the progression of the part in which it occurs, usually so as to produce a temporary discord.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > harmony or sounds in combination > harmonize [verb (transitive)] > suspend, etc.
prepare1728
resolve1728
suspend1853
1853 J. Smith Treat. Mus. 35 In Example (97) the diminished and minor seventh are suspended.
1867 G. A. Macfarren Six Lect. Harmony ii. 66 Let us suspend every bass note as the inverted 4th of the chord that follows it.
II. To hang from a support, and related uses.
8.
a. transitive. To hang, hang up, by attachment to a support above; = hang v. 1a (Often a technical or affected substitute for hang.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > hang or suspend [verb (transitive)]
ahangOE
hangc1000
to hang upa1400
knagc1400
peisea1425
suspendc1440
swing1529
sling1697
uphang1748
gibbet1749
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 832 And after monethes iij do hem suspende.
1593 Rites of Durham (Surtees 1842) 34 The iiijth bell remaynes ther still and was never rounge synce yt was suspent.
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Suspend.., to hang up or upon.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Suspended, a Philosophical Word for hanged up.
1719 J. Quincy Lexicon Physico-medicum (1722) Suspended, or Appended, is said of external Remedies, which are wore about the Neck, Wrists, or the like.
1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 774 The most unfurnish'd with the means of life..overhead Suspend their crazy boxes, planted thick, And watered duly.
1796 J. Jordan Specif. Patent Bridges (1797) 4 My invention consists in suspending to an arch or arches,..bridges.
1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 52 (Stage Coach) Hams, tongues, and flitches of bacon, were suspended from the ceiling.
1836 Penny Cycl. VI. 178/2 A collection of pictures..for the present suspended in an apartment at the Pitt press.
1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 87 Others [sc. rebels] were suspended from the boughs of the oak.
1851 T. A. Buckley tr. Homer Iliad xvi. 293 He suspended from his shoulders his silver-studded sword.
1867 E. F. Bowden tr. Countess Hahn-Hahn Lives Fathers of Desert 20 The chandeliers suspended from the roof were of silver.
figurative.1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. ii. 64 Punishments actually denounced, and those punishments suspended over us.
b. intransitive. = hang v. 8. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > hang or be suspended [verb (intransitive)]
hangc1000
resta1350
loll?c1418
uphangc1440
suspend1598
swing1641
swingle1755
string1885
1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 16/2 Because that the wounded partes may suspend & hange in the bellye.
1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 61/2 Let not this little cloth suspend above thre howers therin.
a1687 Duke of Buckingham Upon Felton in Wks. (1705) I. 13 Here uninterr'd suspends..Felton's dead Earth.
c. transitive. To support (something hanging). rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > hang or suspend [verb (transitive)] > support something hanging
suspend1816
1816 J. K. Tuckey Narr. Exped. River Zaire (1818) iii. 99 And a silk sash..suspending a ship's cutlass, finished his costume.
d. To attach so as to allow of movement about the point of attachment; = hang v. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > hang or suspend [verb (transitive)] > hang allowing movement about attachment point
hang1535
suspend1827
1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. xxiii. 587 It will, if freely suspended, pass beyond its position of rest to a distance on the left side.
1871 A. Meadows Man. Midwifery (ed. 2) 299 An index suspended from a cross-bar.
9.
a. figurative. To cause to depend; passive to depend. Const. on, upon (rarely from). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > result [verb (intransitive)] > depend
depend1413
rest1530
penda1540
stay1549
to consist by1567
consist1588
suspend1608
to roll on ——1707
hinge1719
pivot1872
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > be caused by or result from [verb (transitive)] > depend on > cause to depend on
suspend1608
state1648
rest1733
1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum xxxiv. 820 It seemeth by the Hebrew distinction ouer Iehouah, that this word is suspended from the rest which follow, so that eel is one of the epithetes rather..then a proper name of God.
1629 W. Prynne Church of Englands Old Antithesis 83 If our conuersion saluation, grace, and glorie, are thus suspended on our most impotent..wills, what man can once be saued?
1659 J. Milton Considerations touching Hirelings 104 That the magistrate..should take into his own power the stipendiarie maintenance of church-ministers,..would suspend the church wholly upon the state.
1758 S. Johnson Idler 24 June 89 The present state of the skies and of the earth, on which plenty and famine are suspended.
1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia II. xxviii*. 25 It is dangerous for a man and woman to suspend their fate upon each other, at a time when opinions are fixed.
1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm x. 278 That the universal prevalence of Christianity..is suspended upon the continuance of missionary zeal.
1844 R. Choate Addr. (1878) 334 The peculiarity of this election is that while it involves all the questions of mere policy which are ever suspended on the choice of a president [etc.].
b. To regard as dependent, ‘make’ (a thing) depend, upon. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > be caused by or result from [verb (transitive)] > depend on
to stand in ——OE
to lie inc1374
to stand upon ——a1393
to turn on ——a1413
to stand by ——a1450
lie1590
set1597
suspend1638
to turn upon ——1652
condition1868
ride1950
1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. ii. §69. 79 Your suspending the same [sc. salvation of a baptized infant] on the Baptizer's intention.
1797 Monthly Mag. 3 260/1 They differed from the above-mentioned theologists and philosophers in this, that the latter suspended every thing from Deity.
10.
a. To hold, or cause to be held up, without attachment; = hang v. 1d.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > absence of support > hold up without support or in equilibrium [verb (transitive)]
hanga1382
poise1598
suspend1646
buoy1782
balance1841
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. iii. 72 That in the Temple of Serapis there was an iron chariot suspended by Loadstones in the ayre. View more context for this quotation
1686 R. Boyle Free Enq. Notion Nature ii. 29 That water kept suspended in a sucking Pump, is not in its natural place.
1846 R. Browning Luria iii, in Bells & Pomegranates No. VIII 13/1 The unseen sun above, That draws and holds suspended all of us—Binds transient mists and vapours into one.
1870 R. R. Coverdale Poems (new ed.) 16 A cloud in western skies Suspent, or floating on its way.
1909 C. Keyser in Hibbert Jrnl. Jan. 386 The world of things that are finite is strictly an island-world suspent in a sea.
b. To hold, or cause to be held, in suspension; to contain in the form of particles diffused through its substance, as a fluid medium; to cause to be so diffused (in the medium).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > suspension > [verb (transitive)]
suspend1740
the world > matter > liquid > action or process of floating > cause to float [verb (transitive)] > hold or cause to be held in suspension
suspend1740
the world > space > relative position > support > absence of support > hold up without support or in equilibrium [verb (transitive)] > in a medium
suspend1740
1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. vi. 277 Spirit of Wine, singly, is not near so efficacious..as when it contains or Suspends some resinous Substance.
1805 W. Saunders Treat. Mineral Waters (ed. 2) 162 There is no more carbonic acid, or scarcely more, than is necessary to keep the lime suspended.
1862 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. (ed. 2) III. iii. 244 By suspending the compound of acetylene with subchloride of copper in a solution of ammonia.
1868 A. B. Garrod Essentials Materia Medica (ed. 3) 108 Solution of Carbonate of Magnesia... Prepare as above, suspend in water and pass pure carbonic acid gas through it.
1880 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 81/1 Gold and silver inks are writing fluids in which gold and silver,..are suspended in a state of fine division.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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