sustainedadj.

Brit.

/səˈsteɪnd/, U.S.

/səˈsteɪnd/

Forms: see sustain v. and -ed suffix¹; also late Middle English substeyned (probably transmission error).

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: sustain v., -ed suffix¹.

Etymology: < sustain v. + -ed suffix¹.In form substeyned in quot. a1450 at sense 1, subst- probably anticipates the following word in the sentence, substance n.

†1. Kept in existence; existing, real. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > [adjective] > existent or existing

bornOE

sustaineda1450

beingc1460

essential1535

existent1535

extant1561

existing1578

eventual1752

beënt1865

a1450 (?1419–20) Friar Daw's Reply (Digby) l. 861 in P. L. Heyworth Jack Upland (1968) 99 Þe licnesse, Which þat abidiþ þerinne noon substeyned substans.

a. Of sound: maintained at the same pitch or volume, esp. for a prolonged period; (Music) designating a note, chord, etc., prolonged in this way.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > volume > [adjective] > maintained at some volume

tenuto1762

sustained1775

sostenuto1826

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > [adjective] > maintained at same pitch

sustained1775

1775 T. Sheridan Lect. Art of Reading I. iii. 197 That interruption ought to make no change in the proper manner of delivering it, which should be in a sustained note.

1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music (at cited word) Notes are said to be sustained when their sound is continued through their whole power, or length.

1829 Harmonicon 7 69/2 She overlays every thing with ornaments, and appears to have a mortal aversion to a held, or sustained, sound.

1845 G. Dodd Brit. Manuf. 4th Ser. 156 Unless..it were possible to obtain the sustained tones of the organ.

1885 A. F. Christiani Princ. Expression in Pianoforte Playing vii. 162 A slur (as phrase-indication) should not terminate with a note that is to be sustained, but should end either before or after a sustained note.

1910 W. Shakespeare Art of Singing (rev. ed.) 43 A language consisting mainly of sustained vowel sounds and of consonants from which all awkward combinations have been eliminated.

1984 S. Mcadams in W. R. Crozier & A. J. Chapman Cognitive Processes in Perception of Art v. 303 Sustained inharmonic sounds tend to elicit a perception of multiple pitches.

1999 S. Broughton et al. World Music: Rough Guide I. i. 149/1 Clarinet and violin weave melodies on top with furious runs and impossibly long sustained notes.

2010 Grove Music Online 30 Dec. at Young, La Monte The keys are struck in such rapid succession as to create the illusion of a sustained chord with their haze of harmonics.

b. Maintained through successive stages or over an extended period; carried on continuously, without interruption, or without any diminishing of intensity or extent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > continuing > [adjective] > continuous or without stop or pause (of action)

ithanda1300

continualc1340

unstintingc1380

perpetuala1382

unfailinga1382

unceasing1382

everlastinga1398

restless?a1439

continuedc1440

running1492

incessant1532

uncessant1548

incessable1552

universal1561

never-ceasing1567

still1570

unpausing1585

ceaseless1590

uncessable1596

indesinent1601

uninterrupted1602

unceasable1604

Sabbathless1605

unceased1605

unintermissive1610

unstaying1616

constant1653

jugial1654

uninterrupted1657

stopless1660

uncheque1671

chronical1672

unarrested1733

well-sustained1743

uninterrupt1776

unsuspended1792

sustained1796

pauseless1820

unhalting1832

persistent1842

unresting1856

unbreaking1870

non-stop1915

1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France i. 92 A vehement and sustained spirit of fortitude.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality iii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 55 His marksmen, commencing upon the pass a fire as well aimed as it was sustained and regular.

1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton My Novel IV. xii. xxxiii. 262 Harley's compassion vanished before this sustained hypocrisy.

1860 All Year Round 4 Aug. 396 Mr. Hyde Clarke is the only man who has attempted a sustained biography of him.

1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets v. 126 The Dorian poets, inspired by a graver and more sustained imagination, composed long and complex odes.

1914 Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 279 The novel with its more complex plot and sustained analysis of character and motive.

1930 Engineering 25 July 97/3 The sustained pressure during the curing process [of rubber].

1993 N. Tredell Crit. Decade ix. 79 The book mounts a sustained attack on dramatic naturalism, which is said to limit the dramatist and threaten the achievement of dramatic totality.

2005 New Yorker 23 May 41/2 Crystal methamphetamine constricts the blood vessels, which makes sustained erections difficult.

3. With adverbial modifier. That has been endured, borne, or withstood, esp. bravely or nobly. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > [adjective] > capable of moral effort or endurance > endured or borne

borne1668

sustained1819

1819 Ld. Byron Mazeppa ii. 26 This [horse] too sinks after many a league Of well sustain'd, but vain fatigue.

1871 C. M. Yonge Parallel Hist. France & Eng. 42 In 1743, Marshal Belleisle, after a long and bravely sustained siege, capitulated honourably.

1915 Outing Sept. 721/2 He turned back and shook his head with the same look of nobly sustained disappointment.

1957 M. Wight in A. J. Toynbee Abridgem. Vol. VII-X Study Hist. xxviii. 117 (note) If this be so, the figure of the dinosaur's carapace will be less apt than that of a long and successfully sustained siege.

4. Heraldry. Of a charge: bordered or edged at the base (often in a specified colour or tincture). rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > lines or edges > [adjective] > having narrow or differentiated border > at base of charge

sustained1851

1851 Fraser's Mag. Sept. 267/2 His family bore on its shield an eagle, or, on a field, azure, holding in its beak a lily, proper, leaved and sustained, argent.

1869 J. E. Cussans Handbk. Heraldry (rev. ed.) viii. 119 Sustained, usually applied to a Chief or Fess, when a narrow fillet or fimbriation occupies the base of the Charge.

1937 Canad. Hist. Rev. 18 253 Argent a maple leaf vert, on a chief (azure) sustained gules an automobile wheel winged within a border of the first.

Compounds

sustained-release adj. Pharmacology designating a preparation that releases a substance slowly or intermittently into the bloodstream over a period so as to maintain it at a steady concentration, esp. by means of numerous tiny pellets with different coatings contained in a single capsule taken orally; cf. slow-release adj. 2, Spansule n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [adjective] > relating to powers or effects of drugs > long- or short-acting, etc.

long-acting1839

short-acting1951

sustained-release1953

1953 Amer. Jrnl. Digestive Disorders 20 307 (title) The anorexigenic effect of sustained-release dexedrine preparations.

1974 E. Shotton & K. Ridgway Physical Pharmaceutics xii. 340 Sustained release products can be made by embedding the drug in a hydrophobic matrix from which it is leached out over a period of time.

2008 Runner's World Apr. 15 (advt.) An immediate boost of sustained-release protein fuels runners both during and after a workout.

sustained yield n. the quantity that can be periodically harvested from a crop or population without depleting it in the long term.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > felling trees > sustained yield

sustained yield1882

1860 Farmer's Mag. Sept. 191/2 If the mineral elements be applied in plenty to the soil, an abundant and sustained yield will be procured.]

1882 Jrnl. Forestry & Estate Managem. June 116 Forests..if they are correctly managed, should yield a regular annual rent, without any diminution of the growing crop. Some slight idea has also been given of the measures which are necessary in order that this sustained yield..may be ensured.

1918 E. H. F. Swain Austral. Stud. Amer. Forestry 100 The principle of the sustained yield is limitation of the periodic cut to the amount of wood accretion during the period.

1919 A. B. Recknagel & J. Bentley Forest Managem. xii. 124 By sustained yield is understood the yield or cut of timber from a forest which is managed in such a way as to permit the removal of an approximately equal volume of timber, annually or periodically, equal to the increment.

2011 Nelson (N.Z.) Mail (Nexis) 22 Feb. (News) 3 On average, stocks are fished at less pressure than would produce maximum sustained yield.

Derivatives

suˈstainedly adv. in a sustained manner.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > continuing > [adverb] > in a continuous manner or without stopping

fastlyOE

anonOE

everOE

everylikec1225

continuallyc1305

atreet1340

unceasinglyc1340

perpetuallyc1385

incessably1398

desselya1400

ithandlya1400

dreichlyc1400

restlessc1400

contunely1447

all alongc1450

dessantlyc1460

incessantly1481

still opece1488

uncessantlya1500

continuinglya1513

in ane1513

away1526

incessant1558

restlessly1567

square1570

stintless1598

ceaselessly?1606

residently1609

unrestingly1621

indesinently1651

jugially1654

unintermissively1656

constantly1682

hand to fist1706

forever1753

unintermittingly1784

round the clock1816

continuously1826

unpausingly1831

sustainedly1842

pauselessly1845

remorselessly1845

around the clock1872

play-by-play1889

ball-by-ball1906

non-stop1920

solidly1937

1842 E. FitzGerald Lett. (1889) I. 219 I think Beethoven is rather spasmodically, than sustainedly, grand.

1870 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. 4 Advts. 38 Monologues and dialogues..will accustom the student to speaking more sustainedly.

1922 Jrnl. Iowa State Med. Soc. July 289/1 Our county societies..shall sustainedly function as local forces.

1997 Economist 1 Feb. 109/3 He and his colleagues made up Britain's most sustainedly successful active-service intelligence operation during the cold war.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sustained
释义	sustainedadj. Brit. /səˈsteɪnd/, U.S. /səˈsteɪnd/ Forms: see sustain v. and -ed suffix¹; also late Middle English substeyned (probably transmission error). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: sustain v., -ed suffix¹. Etymology: < sustain v. + -ed suffix¹.In form substeyned in quot. a1450 at sense 1, subst- probably anticipates the following word in the sentence, substance n. †1. Kept in existence; existing, real. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > [adjective] > existent or existing bornOE sustaineda1450 beingc1460 essential1535 existent1535 extant1561 existing1578 eventual1752 beënt1865 a1450 (?1419–20) Friar Daw's Reply (Digby) l. 861 in P. L. Heyworth Jack Upland (1968) 99 Þe licnesse, Which þat abidiþ þerinne noon substeyned substans. 2. a. Of sound: maintained at the same pitch or volume, esp. for a prolonged period; (Music) designating a note, chord, etc., prolonged in this way. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > volume > [adjective] > maintained at some volume tenuto1762 sustained1775 sostenuto1826 society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > [adjective] > maintained at same pitch sustained1775 1775 T. Sheridan Lect. Art of Reading I. iii. 197 That interruption ought to make no change in the proper manner of delivering it, which should be in a sustained note. 1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music (at cited word) Notes are said to be sustained when their sound is continued through their whole power, or length. 1829 Harmonicon 7 69/2 She overlays every thing with ornaments, and appears to have a mortal aversion to a held, or sustained, sound. 1845 G. Dodd Brit. Manuf. 4th Ser. 156 Unless..it were possible to obtain the sustained tones of the organ. 1885 A. F. Christiani Princ. Expression in Pianoforte Playing vii. 162 A slur (as phrase-indication) should not terminate with a note that is to be sustained, but should end either before or after a sustained note. 1910 W. Shakespeare Art of Singing (rev. ed.) 43 A language consisting mainly of sustained vowel sounds and of consonants from which all awkward combinations have been eliminated. 1984 S. Mcadams in W. R. Crozier & A. J. Chapman Cognitive Processes in Perception of Art v. 303 Sustained inharmonic sounds tend to elicit a perception of multiple pitches. 1999 S. Broughton et al. World Music: Rough Guide I. i. 149/1 Clarinet and violin weave melodies on top with furious runs and impossibly long sustained notes. 2010 Grove Music Online 30 Dec. at Young, La Monte The keys are struck in such rapid succession as to create the illusion of a sustained chord with their haze of harmonics. b. Maintained through successive stages or over an extended period; carried on continuously, without interruption, or without any diminishing of intensity or extent. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > continuing > [adjective] > continuous or without stop or pause (of action) ithanda1300 continualc1340 unstintingc1380 perpetuala1382 unfailinga1382 unceasing1382 everlastinga1398 restless?a1439 continuedc1440 running1492 incessant1532 uncessant1548 incessable1552 universal1561 never-ceasing1567 still1570 unpausing1585 ceaseless1590 uncessable1596 indesinent1601 uninterrupted1602 unceasable1604 Sabbathless1605 unceased1605 unintermissive1610 unstaying1616 constant1653 jugial1654 uninterrupted1657 stopless1660 uncheque1671 chronical1672 unarrested1733 well-sustained1743 uninterrupt1776 unsuspended1792 sustained1796 pauseless1820 unhalting1832 persistent1842 unresting1856 unbreaking1870 non-stop1915 1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France i. 92 A vehement and sustained spirit of fortitude. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality iii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 55 His marksmen, commencing upon the pass a fire as well aimed as it was sustained and regular. 1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton My Novel IV. xii. xxxiii. 262 Harley's compassion vanished before this sustained hypocrisy. 1860 All Year Round 4 Aug. 396 Mr. Hyde Clarke is the only man who has attempted a sustained biography of him. 1873 J. A. Symonds Stud. Greek Poets v. 126 The Dorian poets, inspired by a graver and more sustained imagination, composed long and complex odes. 1914 Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 279 The novel with its more complex plot and sustained analysis of character and motive. 1930 Engineering 25 July 97/3 The sustained pressure during the curing process [of rubber]. 1993 N. Tredell Crit. Decade ix. 79 The book mounts a sustained attack on dramatic naturalism, which is said to limit the dramatist and threaten the achievement of dramatic totality. 2005 New Yorker 23 May 41/2 Crystal methamphetamine constricts the blood vessels, which makes sustained erections difficult. 3. With adverbial modifier. That has been endured, borne, or withstood, esp. bravely or nobly. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > [adjective] > capable of moral effort or endurance > endured or borne borne1668 sustained1819 1819 Ld. Byron Mazeppa ii. 26 This [horse] too sinks after many a league Of well sustain'd, but vain fatigue. 1871 C. M. Yonge Parallel Hist. France & Eng. 42 In 1743, Marshal Belleisle, after a long and bravely sustained siege, capitulated honourably. 1915 Outing Sept. 721/2 He turned back and shook his head with the same look of nobly sustained disappointment. 1957 M. Wight in A. J. Toynbee Abridgem. Vol. VII-X Study Hist. xxviii. 117 (note) If this be so, the figure of the dinosaur's carapace will be less apt than that of a long and successfully sustained siege. 4. Heraldry. Of a charge: bordered or edged at the base (often in a specified colour or tincture). rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > lines or edges > [adjective] > having narrow or differentiated border > at base of charge sustained1851 1851 Fraser's Mag. Sept. 267/2 His family bore on its shield an eagle, or, on a field, azure, holding in its beak a lily, proper, leaved and sustained, argent. 1869 J. E. Cussans Handbk. Heraldry (rev. ed.) viii. 119 Sustained, usually applied to a Chief or Fess, when a narrow fillet or fimbriation occupies the base of the Charge. 1937 Canad. Hist. Rev. 18 253 Argent a maple leaf vert, on a chief (azure) sustained gules an automobile wheel winged within a border of the first. Compounds sustained-release adj. Pharmacology designating a preparation that releases a substance slowly or intermittently into the bloodstream over a period so as to maintain it at a steady concentration, esp. by means of numerous tiny pellets with different coatings contained in a single capsule taken orally; cf. slow-release adj. 2, Spansule n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [adjective] > relating to powers or effects of drugs > long- or short-acting, etc. long-acting1839 short-acting1951 sustained-release1953 1953 Amer. Jrnl. Digestive Disorders 20 307 (title) The anorexigenic effect of sustained-release dexedrine preparations. 1974 E. Shotton & K. Ridgway Physical Pharmaceutics xii. 340 Sustained release products can be made by embedding the drug in a hydrophobic matrix from which it is leached out over a period of time. 2008 Runner's World Apr. 15 (advt.) An immediate boost of sustained-release protein fuels runners both during and after a workout. sustained yield n. the quantity that can be periodically harvested from a crop or population without depleting it in the long term. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > felling trees > sustained yield sustained yield1882 1860 Farmer's Mag. Sept. 191/2 If the mineral elements be applied in plenty to the soil, an abundant and sustained yield will be procured.] 1882 Jrnl. Forestry & Estate Managem. June 116 Forests..if they are correctly managed, should yield a regular annual rent, without any diminution of the growing crop. Some slight idea has also been given of the measures which are necessary in order that this sustained yield..may be ensured. 1918 E. H. F. Swain Austral. Stud. Amer. Forestry 100 The principle of the sustained yield is limitation of the periodic cut to the amount of wood accretion during the period. 1919 A. B. Recknagel & J. Bentley Forest Managem. xii. 124 By sustained yield is understood the yield or cut of timber from a forest which is managed in such a way as to permit the removal of an approximately equal volume of timber, annually or periodically, equal to the increment. 2011 Nelson (N.Z.) Mail (Nexis) 22 Feb. (News) 3 On average, stocks are fished at less pressure than would produce maximum sustained yield. Derivatives suˈstainedly adv. in a sustained manner. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > continuing > [adverb] > in a continuous manner or without stopping fastlyOE anonOE everOE everylikec1225 continuallyc1305 atreet1340 unceasinglyc1340 perpetuallyc1385 incessably1398 desselya1400 ithandlya1400 dreichlyc1400 restlessc1400 contunely1447 all alongc1450 dessantlyc1460 incessantly1481 still opece1488 uncessantlya1500 continuinglya1513 in ane1513 away1526 incessant1558 restlessly1567 square1570 stintless1598 ceaselessly?1606 residently1609 unrestingly1621 indesinently1651 jugially1654 unintermissively1656 constantly1682 hand to fist1706 forever1753 unintermittingly1784 round the clock1816 continuously1826 unpausingly1831 sustainedly1842 pauselessly1845 remorselessly1845 around the clock1872 play-by-play1889 ball-by-ball1906 non-stop1920 solidly1937 1842 E. FitzGerald Lett. (1889) I. 219 I think Beethoven is rather spasmodically, than sustainedly, grand. 1870 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. 4 Advts. 38 Monologues and dialogues..will accustom the student to speaking more sustainedly. 1922 Jrnl. Iowa State Med. Soc. July 289/1 Our county societies..shall sustainedly function as local forces. 1997 Economist 1 Feb. 109/3 He and his colleagues made up Britain's most sustainedly successful active-service intelligence operation during the cold war. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.a1450
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