Sweden.

Brit.

/swiːd/, U.S.

/swid/

Forms: Also 1600s Sweath, Swead, Suede, Sweed.

Etymology: < Middle Low German, Middle Dutch Swede (modern Zweed ), = High German Schwede native of Sweden n.The Old English name was Swéon (plural), in Old Norse Svíar (Swedish Svear ), whence Latin Suiones (see Suiogothic adj.), medieval Latin Swei; also Old English Swéoþéod (Swáþéod in the Peterborough Chron. ann. 1025), Old Norse Svíþjóð (= lit. Swede-people), whence, it has been conjectured, arose the forms from which Swede and Sweden are derived. The medieval Latin forms for the name of the country are Suecia (whence Italian Svezia, Spanish Suecia, Portuguese Suecia), Suedia, and Sueonia; for the adjective of nationality Suecus (whence Spanish Sueco, Portuguese Sueco), Suecicus, and Suedus.

I. (With capital initial.) A Swedish person; (occasionally) a Swedish ship.

1. A native of Sweden.In quot. 1614 incorrectly tr. Latin Suevi Swabians; May's version (1627) has Sueuians.

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the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Scandinavians > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Scandinavia > the Swedes > native or inhabitant of Sweden

Swedian1573

Swevian?1573

Sweden1602

Swede1614

1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia ii. 45 Let red-haird Sweaths powre showrs of darts.

1644 (title) Good news for England; or a relation of more victories obtained by the Sweads against the king of Denmarke.

1663 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 486 Mr. Thomas Baltzar, the Sweed, and great violinest.

1673 J. Milton Sonnets xviii, in Poems (new ed.) 60 And what the Swede intend, and what the French.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1661 (1955) III. 297 At the reception of the Sweds Ambassador.

1698 G. Thomas Hist. Acct. Pensilvania 51 The way of Worship the Sweeds use in this Countrey, is the Lutheran.

1734 A. Pope Ess. Man: Epist. IV 210 Heroes are much the same,..From Macedonia's Madman to the Suede.

1831 J. Sinclair Corr. II. 209 Both the Danes and Swedes endeavour to follow the example of their wealthier neighbours, in keeping up a splendid court.

1876 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. (rev. ed.) II. xxiv. 124 The Swedes and Finns and Dutch were invested with the liberties of English~men.

2. A Swedish ship. rare.

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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels from specific country or region > [noun] > from other specific countries or regions

Frenchman1473

Spaniard1537

Easterling1563

Flemingc1595

Levantisco1597

Burgundian1601

Irishman1645

Japanner1719

Bermudian1769

American1782

Swede1799

Australian1850

Liberian1971

1799 R. Smelt in B. Ward Dawn Catholic Revival (1909) II. 219 Mr. Wyndham with other ministers chartered a large Swede of 600 tons.

II. (Now with lower-case initial.) The vegetable.

3. (= earlier Swedish turnip.) A large variety of turnip with yellow flesh, Brassica campestris, variant Rutabaga, first introduced into Scotland from Sweden in 1781–2.

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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > turnip > types of

navew1527

navet1530

round rape1559

nape1562

round turnip1599

French turnip1731–3

Indian turnip1735

orange jelly1769

rutabaga1789

Swedish turnipc1791

Swede1812

teltow turnip1866

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > turnip > types of

rapea1398

round rape1559

nape1562

round turnip1599

yellow turnip1707

Indian turnip1735

tankard-turnip1744

orange jelly1769

white loaf1775

rutabaga1789

Swedish turnipc1791

red-top1805

white top1807

Swede1812

yellow-top1838

ox-heart1846

1812 J. Sinclair Acct. Syst. Husbandry Scotl. i. 112 With turnips, particularly the Swedes, there is no occasion to give any corn to oxen.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 17 If weight of crop, nutritious property, and durability of texture are valuable properties in a turnip, none can exceed the Swedes.

1882 Hardy in Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 9 No. 3. 550 Wood~pigeons..stripped the leaves off most of the Swedes.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations in sense 3, as swede-field, swede-hacking, swede-trimming, swede turnip.

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1851 ‘Cecil’ Stud Farm vi. 98 Swede turnips or parsnips are far superior [to carrots].

1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles III. xliii. 43 The swede-field in which she and her companion were set hacking.

1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles III. xliii. 47 When it was not swede-hacking it was swede-trimming.

C2.

swede-basher n. slang a farm worker; hence, a rustic (cf. bashing n. 3).

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the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant

tillman940

churla1000

ploughman1223

bondmanc1250

bondc1275

ploughswain1296

countrymanc1300

boundec1320

Hobc1325

charla1400

landmana1400

Jack (John) Upland1402

carlc1405

bowerc1430

peasanta1450

rurala1475

agrest1480

bergier1480

carlleina1500

rustical?1532

ploughboy1544

boor1548

rusticc1550

kern1556

tillsman1561

clown1563

Jocka1568

Jock upalanda1568

John Uponlanda1568

russet coat1568

rustican1570

hind?1577

swain1579

Corydon1581

mountain man1587

Phillis1589

sylvan1589

russeting1597

Joan1598

stubble boy1598

paysan1609

carlota1616

swainling1615

raiyat1625

contadino1630

under-swaina1644

high shoe1647

boorinn1649

Bonhomme1660

high-shoon-man1664

countrywoman1679

villan1685

russet gown1694

ruralist1739

paysanne1748

bauer1799

bonderman1804

bodach1830

contadina1835

agrestian1837

peasantess1841

country jake1845

rufus1846

bonder1848

hayseed1851

bucolic1862

agricole1882

country jay1888

child (son, etc.) of the soil1891

hillbilly1900

palouser1903

kisan1935

woop woop1936

swede-basher1943

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [noun]

churlc1275

Hobc1325

Hodgec1386

charla1400

carlc1405

peasanta1450

hoggler1465

agrest1480

hoggener1488

rustical?1532

boor1548

rusticc1550

kern1556

clown1563

Jocka1568

John Uponlanda1568

russet coat1568

rustican1570

hind?1577

Corydon1581

gaffer1589

gran1591

russeting1597

dunghill1608

hog rubber1611

carlota1616

high shoe1647

Bonhomme1660

high-shoon-man1664

cot1695

ruralist1739

Johnnya1774

Harry1796

bodach1830

bucolic1862

cafone1872

bogman1891

country bookie1904

desi1907

middle peasant1929

woodchuck1931

swede-basher1943

moegoe1953

shit-kicker1961

1943 J. L. Hunt & A. G. Pringle Service Slang 63 Swede-basher, agricultural worker; country bumpkin.

1948 A. Baron From City, from Plough 84 There's a lot o' these swedebashers go down the farms every night.

1966 New Statesman 18 Mar. 363/1 Sir Gerald Nabarro is said to have remarked on TV that the fate of the nation depended on a few swede-bashers.

1976 J. Grenfell Joyce Grenfell requests Pleasure (1977) xiii. 190 I tried to sing a song appropriate for the swede-bashers from Lincolnshire, the Cockneys, Scots.., and so on.

swede-bashing adj. derogatory rustic, unsophisticated.

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the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [adjective] > peasant or rustic

churlisha1000

upland14..

rustical?a1475

ruric1488

rusticate?a1505

rural1513

upalands1535

clownish1570

rustic1582

clownical1614

clown-likea1640

swainish1642

nut-brown1648

countrified1653

Corydonical1656

sylvatic1661

villatic1671

farmerly1689

peasant1702

soil-bound1814

farmerish1835

farmery1862

corn-pone1919

swede-bashing1936

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [adjective]

churlisha1000

ruric1488

rural1513

rusticalc1525

peasant1550

peasantly1569

clownish1570

rustic1576

shepherdly1579

russet1598

clownical1614

clown-likea1640

nut-brown1648

countrified1653

high-shoon1654

Corydonical1656

high-shod1656

sylvatic1661

villatic1671

russet-coated1683

one-gallus1881

one-gallused1887

red-necked1896

rube1898

takhaar1899

backwoodsya1910

swede-bashing1936

backwoodish1946

1936 ‘J. Curtis’ Gilt Kid iv. 40 I know you're not a swede-bashing judy.

swede greens n. =swede tops n.

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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > leaf vegetables > [noun] > other leaves

nettle top?1585

lettuce1597

green food1658

peppergrass1696

Welsh onion1731

lamb's quarter1773

Shawnee salad1780

puha1843

poke greens1848

rauriki1848

swede greens1887

swede tops1887

lettuce green1900

leafy greena1918

rapini1959

1887 R. Jefferies Amaryllis at Fair iii Swede greens be the top of all physic.

swede tops n. the tops of swedes eaten as greens.

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