Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French -ide and its etymon classical Latin -idus, suffix forming adjectives, of disputed origin.Classical Latin -idus formed adjectives chiefly from verbs with e -stems, e.g. acidus acid adj. ( < acēre to be sour), āridus arid adj., fervidus fervid adj., frīgidus frigid adj., liquidus liquid adj., placidus placid adj., splendidus splendid adj., stupidus stupid adj., etc. Less frequent are formations from verbs with i - or consonant stems, e.g. fluidus fluid adj. ( < fluere to flow), vīvidus vivid adj. ( < vīvere to live), and even rarer formations from nouns, e.g. fūmidus fumid adj. ( < fūmus smoke), morbidus morbid adj. ( < morbus disease), solidus solid adj. ( < solum ground), etc. In French, adjectives in -ide are attested from the 13th cent. or earlier, and are chiefly (and in all early instances) loans from the corresponding Latin adjectives. Compare e.g. fervide fervid adj., humide humid adj., liquide liquid adj. (recorded from the Old French period), frigide frigid adj., rapide rapid adj., tépide tepid adj. (recorded from the Middle French period). In English, the suffix is recorded from the late 14th cent., originally and chiefly in a large number of loans from French and/or Latin, e.g. liquid adj. and (slightly later) marcid adj., putrid adj. On the model of such loans, formations within English are found perhaps from the 16th cent. (see acrid adj., and later raucid adj.; compare also pinguid adj.). Later instances of formations within English (both from English bases and from Greek or Latin bases) include nervid adj., polyplacid adj. at poly- comb. form 1, rheid n.; however, they are much rarer than borrowings.

Etymology: Partly < Middle French, French -ide and its etymons classical Latin -id-, -is and ancient Greek -ιδ-, -ις (in Latin and Greek nouns with these endings, respectively), partly (in botanical use in sense 3) < -id- (in scientific Latin names of taxa in -ideae, -idaceae, e.g. Orchideae, Orchidaceae: see orchideous adj., orchidaceous adj. respectively), and partly (in anglicized names of taxa, e.g. aphid n., chrysalid n.) < -id- (in scientific Latin -ides, suffix forming taxonomic plural nouns, e.g. Aphides (see aphid n.), Chrysalides (see chrysalid n.)). Compare -id suffix³, -ad suffix¹.The suffix is recorded from at least the late 14th cent., originally in loans from Latin, e.g. Nereid n. and Aeneid n. Formations within English are well attested from at least the second half of the 19th cent., in words showing senses 1 and 4. Early examples include nymphid n. and perhaps slightly earlier zoid n., followed in the late 19th cent. e.g. by prismatid adj., prismatid n., and (showing sense 4) Andromedid n., Leonid n., Lyraid n. Words showing sense 2 apparently consist exclusively of loans (by contrast, names of epic poems formed within English with -ad suffix¹ 3 are numerous); the taxonomic use in sense 3 is likewise apparently only attested in loans from scientific Latin. The suffix shows semantic overlap with -id suffix³. This is especially so in sense 4, where the meteors can figuratively be taken as ‘descendants’ of a constellation, so that this use is similar to that of -id suffix³ in names of dynasties and families (although the two suffixes are etymologically distinct); it is also seen in e.g. Nereid n., Oceanid n., which denote sea-nymphs who are the daughters of the gods Nereus and Oceanus, respectively.

Etymology: Originally (in nouns denoting members of families and dynasties) < classical Latin -idēs < ancient Greek -ίδης , patronymic suffix. In later (scientific) use partly < scientific Latin -idae, plural of -ides , showing extended use of classical Latin -idēs , and partly < scientific Latin -ida, taken as neuter plural of -ides . In some instances (e.g. annelid n. and adj.) via French -ide (formations in which are found from the beginning of the 19th cent., e.g. Muscides , plural noun (see muscid adj. and n.), annélide annelid n.); the French suffix is already attested in the late 16th cent. or earlier in loans < Latin denoting members of families or dynasties, e.g. Pisistratide Pisistratid n. Compare -idan suffix.The ending -id is attested in English in nouns (borrowed from Latin) denoting members of families and dynasties from the beginning of the 17th cent., in Achaemenid n. and Pisistratid n., and subsequently e.g. in Noachide n. Formations within English are found from the first half of the 19th cent. or earlier (e.g. Ramessid n.). Scientific uses are found from the early 19th cent., earliest in borrowings and adaptations of Latin words (and occasionally French ones), as e.g. annelid n., balanid n., salpiglossid n. Formations within English are found from the second half of the 19th cent. or earlier (e.g. crinid n.). The scientific Latin names of zoological families and botanical subclasses are now systematically formed with the termination -idae . On the origin of this termination, compare the following:1819 W. S. MacLeay Horæ Entomologicæ i. iii. 23 I have followed the suggestion of Mr. Kirby and designated families by the patronymic termination in -idæ. In a small number of instances the English word is attested earlier than the corresponding scientific Latin name (e.g. pierid n.). Some terms are of ambiguous origin (e.g. phasmid n., sipunculid n.); others have become altered or ambiguous in sense, as groups once regarded as families have been reclassified at a higher rank, with a smaller subgroup (including the nominate genus) retaining the original scientific Latin family name (e.g. solpugid n.). A few cases show coalescence with -id suffix², e.g. where a genus name ending in -is (stem -id- ) gave rise to a group name in -idae or -ides rather than regularly in -ididae (compare mantid n.).

Etymology: An arbitrary formation (compare quot. 1897); perhaps compare -id suffix².Found in a small number of formations, all from late 19th cent.: deuteroconid n. at deutero- comb. form , entoconid n. at ento- Additions, hypoconid n., hypoconulid n., metaconid n., paraconid n., protoconid n., talonid n. The formations have as their bases terms for the upper teeth, which mostly end in -cone, hence in most cases the suffix gives the appearance of being part of a compound suffix, -conid. On the use of this element compare:1897 H. F. Osborn in Amer. Naturalist 31 1006 The suffix -id is employed arbitrarily to distinguish the elements of the lower molars from those of the upper.1949 A. S. Romer Vertebr. Body x. 304 The names of specific cones are formed by adding..prefixes..and, where necessary, by suffixes: -ul(e) indicates a minor cusp, and -id a lower jaw element.

Etymology: < German -id (formations in which are found from at least the second half of the 19th cent., e.g. in Plastid plastid n.) < post-classical Latin and scientific Latin -idium and its etymon ancient Greek -ιδιον -idium comb. form.Apparently recorded earliest in the second half of the 19th cent. in the German loan plastid n. A small number of formations within English is found from at least the turn of the 20th cent., e.g. chromatid n. The suffix is also occasionally found in adaptations of French words in -ide , e.g. capsid n.² Combining with first elements ultimately of Greek and Latin origin.