syzygyn.

/ˈsɪzɪdʒi/

Forms: Also 1600s sysigie, syzigie, 1600s–1700s sysygie, syzygie, 1700s–1800s syzigy, 1800s syzigee.

Etymology: < late Latin sȳzygia, < Greek συζυγία yoke, pair, copulation, conjunction, < σύζυγος yoked, paired, < σύν syn- prefix + ζυγ-: ζευγνύναι to yoke. Compare French syzygie (1584 in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter).

1. Astronomy.

†a. Originally = conjunction n. 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > position of planet > aspect > [noun] > conjunction

conjunction1398

concourse1578

conjuncture1605

synod1646

syzygy1656

coition1678

appulse1684

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Sysigie (sysigia), a conjunction, a coupling. The conjunction of the Moone with the Sunne; the new moone.

1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. xi. 43 The Great and Leading Syzygie, or human Aspect with the ☉.

1690 W. Leybourn Cursus mathematicus f. 758 So that in every true Syzygy, the Centre of the Deferent agrees with the Centre of the Earth.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Syzygie, in Astronomy, is the same with the Conjunction of any two Planets, or Stars, or when they are both referred to the same Point in the Heavens; or when they are referred to the same Degree of the Ecliptick, by a Circle of Longitude passing through them both.

b. Now extended to include both conjunction and opposition (opposition n. 1) of two heavenly bodies, or either of the points at which these take place, esp. in the case of the moon with the sun (new and full moon). Often opposed to quadrature n. 3a, 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > position of planet > aspect > [noun] > opposition

oppositionc1395

opposite1549

opposal1686

syzygy1715

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > moon > lunar orbit > [noun] > syzygy

syzygy1715

1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. i. §61. 123 If the Nodes of the Orbit of the Body L, be in the Syzygies of the Body S.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) On the Phænomena and Circumstances of the Syzygies, a great Part of the Lunar Theory depends.

1752 Philos. Trans. 1749–50 (Royal Soc.) 46 150 The greatest Spring-Tides, and least Neap-Tides, are commonly on the third or fourth Day, after the Syzygies and Quadratures.

1833 J. F. W. Herschel Astronomy xi. 325 Suppose the disturbing body to be fixed in the line of nodes, or the nodes to be in syzygy.

1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius iv. 112 The eruptions were sensibly strengthened at the syzigies and weakened at the quadratures of the moon.

1882 Nature 27 July 292/1 The sunspot maxima..are nearly always associated with configurations in which Venus and Earth in conjunction or opposition, have Jupiter in or near syzygy or quadrature.

†2. Anatomy. plural. The pairs of cranial nerves. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > specific nerves > [noun] > pairs of cranial nerves

conjugation1615

syzygy1681

1681 Table of Hard Words in S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Remaining Med. Wks. Syzygies, are the nerves that carry the sense from the brain to the whole body.

3. Biology.

a. A suture or immovable union of two joints of a crinoid; also, the joints thus sutured.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > division Pelmatozoa > class Crinoidea > member of > parts of > suture of joints

syzygy1873

1873 C. W. Thomson Depths of Sea ix. 440 [Sea lilies] The first of the brachial joints..is..split in two by a peculiar kind of joint, called, by Müller, a ‘syzygy’.

1873 C. W. Thomson Depths of Sea ix. 440 When the animal is dying it generally breaks off its arms at these syzygies.

1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 572 [Crinoidea] The lines of union..may be obliterated... The ligamentous connections may become very close... Two joints thus connected are termed a syzygy.

1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 573 The..ligaments between brachials not united by syzygy appear to be contractile.

Categories »

b. The conjunction of two organisms without loss of identity, as in the genus Diplozoon n.; a syzygium.

4. Classical Prosody. A dipody, or combination of two feet in one metre (metre n.¹ 3).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > metre > [noun] > metrical group or period > types of

syzygy1836

metre1838

dipody1844

monopody1844

tripody1883

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Syzygia..Among Grammarians, the coupling or clapping of different Feet together in Greek or Latin Verse.]

1836 J. R. Major Guide Greek Trag. 109 Some grammarians, in speaking of anapæstic, iambic, and trochaic verse, use the term syzygy (συζυγια) or dipodia (διποδια) instead of metre.

5. Mathematics. A group of rational integral functions so related that, on their being severally multiplied by other rational integral functions, the sum of the products vanishes identically; also, the relation between such functions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > function

function1758

exponential1784

potential function1828

syzygy1850

permutant1852

Green function1863

theta-function1871

Greenian1876

Gudermannian1876

discriminoid1877

Weierstrassian function1878

gradient1887

beta function1888

distribution function1889

Riemann zeta function1899

Airy integral1903

Poisson bracket1904

Stirling approximation1908

functional1915

metric1921

Fourier transform1923

recursive function1934

utility function1934

Airy function1939

transfer function1948

objective function1949

restriction1949

multifunction1954

restriction mapping1956

scalar function1956

Langevin function1960

mass function1961

1850 Sylvester in Cambr. & Dubl. Math. Jrnl. V. 276 The members of any group of functions, more than two in number, whose nullity is implied in the relation of double contact,..must be in syzygy. Thus PQ, PQR, QR, must form a syzygy.

1867 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers VI. 147 While for the degree 5 we obtain 3 covariants and a single syzygy, for the degree 6 we obtain only 2 covariants, but as many as 7 syzygies.

1869 W. K. Clifford in Proc. London Math. Soc. 11 Nov. 11 If the 12th powers of the nil-facta in the tangential equations of 43 points are connected by a linear syzygy, the 43 points are on a quartic curve.

1886 Hammond in Amer. Jrnl. Math. 8 19 Syzygy Tables for the Binary Quintic.

6. A pair of connected or correlative things; in Gnostic theology, a couple or pair of opposites, or of æons.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > correlation > [noun] > a correlate > a pair of correlative things

syzygy1853

1853 J. Martineau Ess., Rev., & Addr. (1891) III. 470 Ourselves and the external world we know..only under relation; of subject, for example, to object;..of phenomenon to cause. Yet, in pursuing this relative course of cognition, we are apt to be struck with the belief that one of the two terms in each of the primary syzygies transcends relation at the very moment of creating it.

a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1860) III. xx. 402 The Greek logicians after Aristotle, looking merely to the two premises in combination, called these Syzygies.

1875 J. B. Lightfoot St. Paul's Epist. Colossians & Philemon 166 The system of syzygies, or pairs of opposites, is a favourite doctrine of this work [sc. Clementine Homilies], and in these John stands contrasted to Jesus, as Simon Magus to Simon Peter, as the false to the true.

1890 J. Martineau Seat Authority Relig. ii. ii. 237 The fourth Gospel..is..itself a Gnosticism, only baptized and regenerate: no longer lingering aloft with the divine emanation in a fanciful sphere of aeons and of syzygies.

1909 H. M. Gwatkin Early Church Hist. II. xv. 37 Valentinus, says Victorinus, teaches a pleroma and thirty æons, and these he arranges in syzygies or couples.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	syzygy
释义	syzygyn. /ˈsɪzɪdʒi/ Forms: Also 1600s sysigie, syzigie, 1600s–1700s sysygie, syzygie, 1700s–1800s syzigy, 1800s syzigee. Etymology: < late Latin sȳzygia, < Greek συζυγία yoke, pair, copulation, conjunction, < σύζυγος yoked, paired, < σύν syn- prefix + ζυγ-: ζευγνύναι to yoke. Compare French syzygie (1584 in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter). 1. Astronomy. †a. Originally = conjunction n. 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > position of planet > aspect > [noun] > conjunction conjunction1398 concourse1578 conjuncture1605 synod1646 syzygy1656 coition1678 appulse1684 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Sysigie (sysigia), a conjunction, a coupling. The conjunction of the Moone with the Sunne; the new moone. 1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. xi. 43 The Great and Leading Syzygie, or human Aspect with the ☉. 1690 W. Leybourn Cursus mathematicus f. 758 So that in every true Syzygy, the Centre of the Deferent agrees with the Centre of the Earth. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Syzygie, in Astronomy, is the same with the Conjunction of any two Planets, or Stars, or when they are both referred to the same Point in the Heavens; or when they are referred to the same Degree of the Ecliptick, by a Circle of Longitude passing through them both. b. Now extended to include both conjunction and opposition (opposition n. 1) of two heavenly bodies, or either of the points at which these take place, esp. in the case of the moon with the sun (new and full moon). Often opposed to quadrature n. 3a, 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > position of planet > aspect > [noun] > opposition oppositionc1395 opposite1549 opposal1686 syzygy1715 the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > moon > lunar orbit > [noun] > syzygy syzygy1715 1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. i. §61. 123 If the Nodes of the Orbit of the Body L, be in the Syzygies of the Body S. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) On the Phænomena and Circumstances of the Syzygies, a great Part of the Lunar Theory depends. 1752 Philos. Trans. 1749–50 (Royal Soc.) 46 150 The greatest Spring-Tides, and least Neap-Tides, are commonly on the third or fourth Day, after the Syzygies and Quadratures. 1833 J. F. W. Herschel Astronomy xi. 325 Suppose the disturbing body to be fixed in the line of nodes, or the nodes to be in syzygy. 1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius iv. 112 The eruptions were sensibly strengthened at the syzigies and weakened at the quadratures of the moon. 1882 Nature 27 July 292/1 The sunspot maxima..are nearly always associated with configurations in which Venus and Earth in conjunction or opposition, have Jupiter in or near syzygy or quadrature. †2. Anatomy. plural. The pairs of cranial nerves. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > specific nerves > [noun] > pairs of cranial nerves conjugation1615 syzygy1681 1681 Table of Hard Words in S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Remaining Med. Wks. Syzygies, are the nerves that carry the sense from the brain to the whole body. 3. Biology. a. A suture or immovable union of two joints of a crinoid; also, the joints thus sutured. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > division Pelmatozoa > class Crinoidea > member of > parts of > suture of joints syzygy1873 1873 C. W. Thomson Depths of Sea ix. 440 [Sea lilies] The first of the brachial joints..is..split in two by a peculiar kind of joint, called, by Müller, a ‘syzygy’. 1873 C. W. Thomson Depths of Sea ix. 440 When the animal is dying it generally breaks off its arms at these syzygies. 1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 572 [Crinoidea] The lines of union..may be obliterated... The ligamentous connections may become very close... Two joints thus connected are termed a syzygy. 1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 573 The..ligaments between brachials not united by syzygy appear to be contractile. Categories » b. The conjunction of two organisms without loss of identity, as in the genus Diplozoon n.; a syzygium. 4. Classical Prosody. A dipody, or combination of two feet in one metre (metre n.¹ 3). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > metre > [noun] > metrical group or period > types of syzygy1836 metre1838 dipody1844 monopody1844 tripody1883 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Syzygia..Among Grammarians, the coupling or clapping of different Feet together in Greek or Latin Verse.] 1836 J. R. Major Guide Greek Trag. 109 Some grammarians, in speaking of anapæstic, iambic, and trochaic verse, use the term syzygy (συζυγια) or dipodia (διποδια) instead of metre. 5. Mathematics. A group of rational integral functions so related that, on their being severally multiplied by other rational integral functions, the sum of the products vanishes identically; also, the relation between such functions. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > function function1758 exponential1784 potential function1828 syzygy1850 permutant1852 Green function1863 theta-function1871 Greenian1876 Gudermannian1876 discriminoid1877 Weierstrassian function1878 gradient1887 beta function1888 distribution function1889 Riemann zeta function1899 Airy integral1903 Poisson bracket1904 Stirling approximation1908 functional1915 metric1921 Fourier transform1923 recursive function1934 utility function1934 Airy function1939 transfer function1948 objective function1949 restriction1949 multifunction1954 restriction mapping1956 scalar function1956 Langevin function1960 mass function1961 1850 Sylvester in Cambr. & Dubl. Math. Jrnl. V. 276 The members of any group of functions, more than two in number, whose nullity is implied in the relation of double contact,..must be in syzygy. Thus PQ, PQR, QR, must form a syzygy. 1867 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers VI. 147 While for the degree 5 we obtain 3 covariants and a single syzygy, for the degree 6 we obtain only 2 covariants, but as many as 7 syzygies. 1869 W. K. Clifford in Proc. London Math. Soc. 11 Nov. 11 If the 12th powers of the nil-facta in the tangential equations of 43 points are connected by a linear syzygy, the 43 points are on a quartic curve. 1886 Hammond in Amer. Jrnl. Math. 8 19 Syzygy Tables for the Binary Quintic. 6. A pair of connected or correlative things; in Gnostic theology, a couple or pair of opposites, or of æons. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > correlation > [noun] > a correlate > a pair of correlative things syzygy1853 1853 J. Martineau Ess., Rev., & Addr. (1891) III. 470 Ourselves and the external world we know..only under relation; of subject, for example, to object;..of phenomenon to cause. Yet, in pursuing this relative course of cognition, we are apt to be struck with the belief that one of the two terms in each of the primary syzygies transcends relation at the very moment of creating it. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1860) III. xx. 402 The Greek logicians after Aristotle, looking merely to the two premises in combination, called these Syzygies. 1875 J. B. Lightfoot St. Paul's Epist. Colossians & Philemon 166 The system of syzygies, or pairs of opposites, is a favourite doctrine of this work [sc. Clementine Homilies], and in these John stands contrasted to Jesus, as Simon Magus to Simon Peter, as the false to the true. 1890 J. Martineau Seat Authority Relig. ii. ii. 237 The fourth Gospel..is..itself a Gnosticism, only baptized and regenerate: no longer lingering aloft with the divine emanation in a fanciful sphere of aeons and of syzygies. 1909 H. M. Gwatkin Early Church Hist. II. xv. 37 Valentinus, says Victorinus, teaches a pleroma and thirty æons, and these he arranges in syzygies or couples. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.1656
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