单词 | symmetrical |
释义 | symmetricaladj. Characterized by or exhibiting symmetry. 1. Having the parts or elements regularly and harmoniously arranged; regular in form; well-proportioned; balanced. (Said of natural or artificial bodies or structures, or of abstract or immaterial things; cf. symmetry n. 2.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > symmetry or regularity > [adjective] well-proportioneda1398 regularc1450 proportionable1576 formly1577 symmetriated1592 symmetrial1612 well-proportionated1612 well-balanceda1616 symmetrical1751 symmetric1796 eurhythmic1831 eumorphous1859 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > other specific arrangements > [adjective] > balanced symmetrical1751 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 94. ⁋4 Some of the lines of this description are..defective in harmony, and therefore by no means correspondent with that symmetrical elegance..which they are intended to exhibit. 1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 319 The oldest lavas of Etna were poured out many thousand..years before the newest, and yet they have produced a symmetrical mountain. 1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge viii. 279 That I had but eyes!..to behold my captain's symmetrical proportions! 1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life p. xxiii An increase in our knowledge..may..overthrow the most perfectly symmetrical of systems. 1886 J. Ruskin Præterita I. viii. 272 The symmetrical clauses of Pope's logical metre. 2. a. Geometry, etc. Said of a figure or body whose points or parts are equably distributed about a dividing line, plane, or point, i.e. arranged in pairs or sets so that those of each pair or set are at equal distances on opposite sides of such line, plane, or point; consisting of, or capable of being divided into, two or more exactly similar and equal parts. Also said of the form of such a figure or object, of its parts or their arrangement, or of any part in relation to the corresponding part. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > having specific property hypotenusal?a1560 oblique?a1560 local1673 focal1676 octantal1777 symmetrical1794 radical1848 self-conjugate1855 quadric1856 stellated1859 periphractic1881 homoeoidal1883 tridiametral1891 one-sided1893 semi-infinite1903 simplicial1913 mirror-symmetric1952 1794 R. J. Sulivan View Nature I. xxix. 423 In the passing of a substance from a fluid into a solid state, it almost universally appears..to have its parts arranged in a symmetrical order. 1816 R. Jameson Treat. External Characters Minerals (ed. 2) 141 Sometimes the law varies..when the nucleus has not what is called a symmetrical form, as when it is a parallelopiped, whose faces differ in the respective inclinations of their faces, or in the measure of their angles. 1850 W. R. Grove On Correlation Physical Forces (ed. 2) 88 Those crystals which have one axis of figure, or a line around which the figure is symmetrical. 1885 C. Leudesdorf tr. L. Cremona Elements Projective Geom. 267 The point M (and the symmetrical point in which the parabolas intersect again) can then be constructed. 1889 Cockshott & Walters Geometr. Conics 40 The ellipse is symmetrical with respect to the minor axis. 1894 C. Smith Geometr. Conics 4 When..corresponding to any point of the curve there is another point such that the chord joining the two points is bisected perpendicularly by [a] straight line, then the curve is said to be symmetrical about the straight line, and the straight line is called an axis of the curve. b. Mathematics. Applied to an expression, function, or equation whose value is never altered by interchanging the values of any two of the variables or unknown quantities. In Physics also applied to a state represented by such a wave function. Also in Logic, = symmetric adj. 2. symmetrical or symmetric determinant: a determinant in which the constituents in each row are the same respectively, and in the same order, as those in the corresponding column, and which is therefore symmetrical about its principal diagonal. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [adjective] > relating to expressions interscendent1796 symmetrical1816 zeta-ic1840 associative1844 discriminantal1852 symmetric1853 discriminant1870 idempotent1870 interscendental1873 bilinear1886 non-trivial1901 left1926 right1930 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > predicate or propositional logic > [adjective] > terms expressing types of relation transitive1856 intransitive1870 irreflexive1890 dyadic1897 symmetrical1903 non-reflexive1905 polyadic1905 symmetric1933 mereological1957 the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > symmetry, conserved properly > [adjective] symmetrical1930 symmetric1935 1816 tr. S. F. Lacroix Elem. Treat. Differential & Integral Calculus 536 On the supposition that f (α, β, γ, &c.) is symmetrical with respect to all the roots, except α. 1854 Orr's Circle Sci., Math. 217 Thus x + y = a; x2 + 3xy + y2 = b;..are..symmetrical equations; because for every x you may put y, and for every y, x, without altering either of the equations. 1863 P. Frost & J. Wolstenholme Treat. Solid Geom. 29 To find the symmetrical equations of a straight line. 1878 W. K. Clifford Math. Papers (1882) 317 If n is odd,..the determinant is skew symmetrical, and being of odd order it necessarily vanishes. 1903 B. Russell Princ. Math. xix. 159 All kinds of equality have in common the three properties of being reflexive, symmetrical, and transitive. 1930 P. A. M. Dirac Princ. Quantum Mech. xi. 201 It is quite possible for only symmetrical or antisymmetrical states to occur in nature... One assumes the symmetrical states for photons. 1937 A. Smeaton tr. R. Carnap Logical Syntax Lang. iv. 261 Conditions which require for symmetrical, reflexive, and transitive relations the property of non-emptiness. 1954 I. M. Copi Symbolic Logic v. 141 Various symmetrical relations are designated by the phrases: ‘is next to’, ‘is married to’, and ‘has the same weight as’. A symmetrical relation is one such that if one individual has that relation to a second individual, then the second individual must have that relation to the first. 1963 R. P. Feynman et al. Feynman Lect. Physics I. xi. 2 The laws of physics are symmetrical for translational displacements,..in the sense that the laws do not change when we make a translation of our coordinates. 1973 B. H. Bransden et al. Fund. Particles iv. 79 The triplet spin state is symmetrical. 1979 G. N. Georgacarakos & R. Smith Elem. Formal Logic ix. 329 When a relational expression has this property, we say that it is symmetrical. c. Photography. Applied to a lens of symmetrical form; also elliptical as n. = symmetrical lens. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > parts and accessories of camera > [adjective] > types of lens flat field1841 wide-angle1865 slow1867 wide-angled1873 fast1877 rapid1878 fish-eye1882 sharp1883 symmetrical1890 telephotographic1891 telephotographic lens1891 narrow-angle1893 stigmatic1896 tele-negative1898 tele-positive1898 bloomed1945 soft1945 wide-field1950 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > parts and accessories of camera > [noun] > lens > types of portrait lens1852 short-focus lens1862 periscope1865 rectilinear1867 pantoscope1868 wide-angle1868 long lens1876 apochromatic1887 anastigmat1890 concentric lens1890 euryscope1890 landscape lens1890 rectigraph1890 symmetrical1890 concentric1893 telelens1893 telephoto1894 monocle1897 stigmat1901 stigmatic1902 Long Tom1910 zoom lens1932 Panavision1955 teleconverter1959 macro lens1961 zoom1969 macro1971 1890 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 326 Rapid, and portable symmetrical lenses, and a whole plate rapid symmetrical for long distance work. 1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 355 The lens is a rapid symmetrical with revolving diaphragms. d. Mathematics and Logic. symmetrical difference = symmetric difference n. at symmetric adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > predicate or propositional logic > [noun] > set theory or extension > symmetric group or difference symmetric group1897 symmetric difference1936 symmetrical difference1978 the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > elements in or parts of > relation between well-ordering1914 symmetric difference1936 partial ordering1938 equivalence relation1940 symmetrical difference1978 1978 C. H. Greenstein Dict. Logical Terms & Symbols 172 Symmetrical difference. 1979 Kandel & Lee Fuzzy Switching & Automata ii. 53 The symmetrical difference (or Boolean sum) of two fuzzy sets. 3. a. Botany. Of a flower: Having the same number of parts in each whorl: = isomerous adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having specific arrangement or number of member parts regular1760 decandrous1808 irregular1826 tetramerous1835 pentamerous1848 symmetrical1849 hexamerous1857 isomerous1857 octamerous1857 anisomerous1861 octomeral1871 hemicyclic1875 zygomorphic1875 zygomorphous1879 tetracyclic1880 heteromerous1882 heterocyclic1895 oligomerous1897 pleiomerous1898 decasepalous- 1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. §644 In speaking of flowers, it is usual to call them symmetrical when the sepals, petals, and stamens follow the law mentioned, even although the pistil may be abnormal. Thus, many Solanaceæ are pentamerous, and have a dimerous ovary, yet they are called symmetrical... In Papilionaceous flowers, the parts are usually symmetrical, there being five divisions of the calyx, five petals, and ten stamens in two rows. b. (a) Anatomy and Zoology. Having similar or corresponding parts or organs on opposite sides of a dividing plane, or regularly arranged around an axis or centre; consisting of two or more similar or corresponding divisions. Also said of the parts. (b) Pathology. Of a disease: Affecting such corresponding parts or organs simultaneously. (Cf. symmetry n. 3c) ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > positions or directions in body > [adjective] > specific rightOE lefta1200 lowera1400 furtherc1400 lateral?a1425 sinistera1500 upper1528 anterior?1541 inferior1563 superior1566 oblique1578 high1588 ascendant1611 prone1646 peripherial1653 internal1657 supine1661 peripherical1690 gawk1703 ascending1713 adducent1722 submental1722 adductory1752 subdorsal1783 syntropic18.. atlantal1803 mesiad1803 mesial1803 proximal1803 sternal1803 distal1808 peripheral1808 peripheric1818 ventripetal1819 submedial1825 anteriormostc1826 subvertebral1827 afferent1828 sinistral1828 rostral1834 interganglionic1835 submedian1836 mesian1837 haemal1839 supravaginal1844 neural1846 symmetrical1851 suprameatal1853 paraxial1861 posterial1866 hypaxial1873 postaxial1873 preaxial1873 transmedial1876 transmedian1876 mediad1878 horizontal1881 mesal1881 prosomatic1882 dextrad1883 paramedian1890 prorsal1890 ventro-dorsal1895 midsagittal1898 ventro-axial1902 ventro-posterior1903 ipsilateral1907 parasagittal1907 ventromedial1908 homolateral1910 suprasellar1912 supratemporal1975 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > affecting corresponding parts symmetrical1886 1851 G. F. Richardson Geol. (1855) viii. 230 Some have internal symmetrical bones, as the Sepia and Loligo. 1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 62 Unlike most of the mollusca, they are symmetrical animals, having their right and left sides equally developed. 1886 P. H. Pye-Smith Fagge's Princ. & Pract. Med. II. 669 Remarkable cases of symmetrical gangrene of the extremities. 1892 H. Lane Differ. Rheum. Dis. (ed. 2) 46 Rheumatoid Arthritis..affection of joints often symmetrical. Derivatives symmetriˈcality n. = symmetricalness n. at symmetrically adv. Derivatives. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > symmetry or regularity > [noun] proportiona1382 measurec1384 symmetry1601 symmetry1601 conformity1607 regularness1648 balance1733 regularity1758 symmetricalness1858 symmetricality1893 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > other specific arrangements > [noun] > balanced arrangement commodulation1592 symmetry1601 symmetry1601 symmetricalness1858 symmetricality1893 1893 Chambers's Jrnl. 21 Jan. 44/2 With regard to symmetricality, Nature, when she has a purpose to serve, is nowise loth to depart from it. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1751 |
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