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单词 symmetrical
释义

symmetricaladj.

/sɪˈmɛtrɪkəl/
Etymology: < symmetry n. + -ical suffix, after geometrical. Compare symmetric adj. and symmetrically adv.
Characterized by or exhibiting symmetry.
1. Having the parts or elements regularly and harmoniously arranged; regular in form; well-proportioned; balanced. (Said of natural or artificial bodies or structures, or of abstract or immaterial things; cf. symmetry n. 2.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > symmetry or regularity > [adjective]
well-proportioneda1398
regularc1450
proportionable1576
formly1577
symmetriated1592
symmetrial1612
well-proportionated1612
well-balanceda1616
symmetrical1751
symmetric1796
eurhythmic1831
eumorphous1859
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > other specific arrangements > [adjective] > balanced
symmetrical1751
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 94. ⁋4 Some of the lines of this description are..defective in harmony, and therefore by no means correspondent with that symmetrical elegance..which they are intended to exhibit.
1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 319 The oldest lavas of Etna were poured out many thousand..years before the newest, and yet they have produced a symmetrical mountain.
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge viii. 279 That I had but eyes!..to behold my captain's symmetrical proportions!
1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life p. xxiii An increase in our knowledge..may..overthrow the most perfectly symmetrical of systems.
1886 J. Ruskin Præterita I. viii. 272 The symmetrical clauses of Pope's logical metre.
2.
a. Geometry, etc. Said of a figure or body whose points or parts are equably distributed about a dividing line, plane, or point, i.e. arranged in pairs or sets so that those of each pair or set are at equal distances on opposite sides of such line, plane, or point; consisting of, or capable of being divided into, two or more exactly similar and equal parts. Also said of the form of such a figure or object, of its parts or their arrangement, or of any part in relation to the corresponding part.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > having specific property
hypotenusal?a1560
oblique?a1560
local1673
focal1676
octantal1777
symmetrical1794
radical1848
self-conjugate1855
quadric1856
stellated1859
periphractic1881
homoeoidal1883
tridiametral1891
one-sided1893
semi-infinite1903
simplicial1913
mirror-symmetric1952
1794 R. J. Sulivan View Nature I. xxix. 423 In the passing of a substance from a fluid into a solid state, it almost universally appears..to have its parts arranged in a symmetrical order.
1816 R. Jameson Treat. External Characters Minerals (ed. 2) 141 Sometimes the law varies..when the nucleus has not what is called a symmetrical form, as when it is a parallelopiped, whose faces differ in the respective inclinations of their faces, or in the measure of their angles.
1850 W. R. Grove On Correlation Physical Forces (ed. 2) 88 Those crystals which have one axis of figure, or a line around which the figure is symmetrical.
1885 C. Leudesdorf tr. L. Cremona Elements Projective Geom. 267 The point M (and the symmetrical point in which the parabolas intersect again) can then be constructed.
1889 Cockshott & Walters Geometr. Conics 40 The ellipse is symmetrical with respect to the minor axis.
1894 C. Smith Geometr. Conics 4 When..corresponding to any point of the curve there is another point such that the chord joining the two points is bisected perpendicularly by [a] straight line, then the curve is said to be symmetrical about the straight line, and the straight line is called an axis of the curve.
b. Mathematics. Applied to an expression, function, or equation whose value is never altered by interchanging the values of any two of the variables or unknown quantities. In Physics also applied to a state represented by such a wave function. Also in Logic, = symmetric adj. 2. symmetrical or symmetric determinant: a determinant in which the constituents in each row are the same respectively, and in the same order, as those in the corresponding column, and which is therefore symmetrical about its principal diagonal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [adjective] > relating to expressions
interscendent1796
symmetrical1816
zeta-ic1840
associative1844
discriminantal1852
symmetric1853
discriminant1870
idempotent1870
interscendental1873
bilinear1886
non-trivial1901
left1926
right1930
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > predicate or propositional logic > [adjective] > terms expressing types of relation
transitive1856
intransitive1870
irreflexive1890
dyadic1897
symmetrical1903
non-reflexive1905
polyadic1905
symmetric1933
mereological1957
the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > symmetry, conserved properly > [adjective]
symmetrical1930
symmetric1935
1816 tr. S. F. Lacroix Elem. Treat. Differential & Integral Calculus 536 On the supposition that f (α, β, γ, &c.) is symmetrical with respect to all the roots, except α.
1854 Orr's Circle Sci., Math. 217 Thus x + y = a; x2 + 3xy + y2 = b;..are..symmetrical equations; because for every x you may put y, and for every y, x, without altering either of the equations.
1863 P. Frost & J. Wolstenholme Treat. Solid Geom. 29 To find the symmetrical equations of a straight line.
1878 W. K. Clifford Math. Papers (1882) 317 If n is odd,..the determinant is skew symmetrical, and being of odd order it necessarily vanishes.
1903 B. Russell Princ. Math. xix. 159 All kinds of equality have in common the three properties of being reflexive, symmetrical, and transitive.
1930 P. A. M. Dirac Princ. Quantum Mech. xi. 201 It is quite possible for only symmetrical or antisymmetrical states to occur in nature... One assumes the symmetrical states for photons.
1937 A. Smeaton tr. R. Carnap Logical Syntax Lang. iv. 261 Conditions which require for symmetrical, reflexive, and transitive relations the property of non-emptiness.
1954 I. M. Copi Symbolic Logic v. 141 Various symmetrical relations are designated by the phrases: ‘is next to’, ‘is married to’, and ‘has the same weight as’. A symmetrical relation is one such that if one individual has that relation to a second individual, then the second individual must have that relation to the first.
1963 R. P. Feynman et al. Feynman Lect. Physics I. xi. 2 The laws of physics are symmetrical for translational displacements,..in the sense that the laws do not change when we make a translation of our coordinates.
1973 B. H. Bransden et al. Fund. Particles iv. 79 The triplet spin state is symmetrical.
1979 G. N. Georgacarakos & R. Smith Elem. Formal Logic ix. 329 When a relational expression has this property, we say that it is symmetrical.
c. Photography. Applied to a lens of symmetrical form; also elliptical as n. = symmetrical lens.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > parts and accessories of camera > [adjective] > types of lens
flat field1841
wide-angle1865
slow1867
wide-angled1873
fast1877
rapid1878
fish-eye1882
sharp1883
symmetrical1890
telephotographic1891
telephotographic lens1891
narrow-angle1893
stigmatic1896
tele-negative1898
tele-positive1898
bloomed1945
soft1945
wide-field1950
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > parts and accessories of camera > [noun] > lens > types of
portrait lens1852
short-focus lens1862
periscope1865
rectilinear1867
pantoscope1868
wide-angle1868
long lens1876
apochromatic1887
anastigmat1890
concentric lens1890
euryscope1890
landscape lens1890
rectigraph1890
symmetrical1890
concentric1893
telelens1893
telephoto1894
monocle1897
stigmat1901
stigmatic1902
Long Tom1910
zoom lens1932
Panavision1955
teleconverter1959
macro lens1961
zoom1969
macro1971
1890 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 326 Rapid, and portable symmetrical lenses, and a whole plate rapid symmetrical for long distance work.
1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 355 The lens is a rapid symmetrical with revolving diaphragms.
d. Mathematics and Logic. symmetrical difference = symmetric difference n. at symmetric adj. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > predicate or propositional logic > [noun] > set theory or extension > symmetric group or difference
symmetric group1897
symmetric difference1936
symmetrical difference1978
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > elements in or parts of > relation between
well-ordering1914
symmetric difference1936
partial ordering1938
equivalence relation1940
symmetrical difference1978
1978 C. H. Greenstein Dict. Logical Terms & Symbols 172 Symmetrical difference.
1979 Kandel & Lee Fuzzy Switching & Automata ii. 53 The symmetrical difference (or Boolean sum) of two fuzzy sets.
3.
a. Botany. Of a flower: Having the same number of parts in each whorl: = isomerous adj. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having specific arrangement or number of member parts
regular1760
decandrous1808
irregular1826
tetramerous1835
pentamerous1848
symmetrical1849
hexamerous1857
isomerous1857
octamerous1857
anisomerous1861
octomeral1871
hemicyclic1875
zygomorphic1875
zygomorphous1879
tetracyclic1880
heteromerous1882
heterocyclic1895
oligomerous1897
pleiomerous1898
decasepalous-
1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. §644 In speaking of flowers, it is usual to call them symmetrical when the sepals, petals, and stamens follow the law mentioned, even although the pistil may be abnormal. Thus, many Solanaceæ are pentamerous, and have a dimerous ovary, yet they are called symmetrical... In Papilionaceous flowers, the parts are usually symmetrical, there being five divisions of the calyx, five petals, and ten stamens in two rows.
b. (a) Anatomy and Zoology. Having similar or corresponding parts or organs on opposite sides of a dividing plane, or regularly arranged around an axis or centre; consisting of two or more similar or corresponding divisions. Also said of the parts. (b) Pathology. Of a disease: Affecting such corresponding parts or organs simultaneously. (Cf. symmetry n. 3c)
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > positions or directions in body > [adjective] > specific
rightOE
lefta1200
lowera1400
furtherc1400
lateral?a1425
sinistera1500
upper1528
anterior?1541
inferior1563
superior1566
oblique1578
high1588
ascendant1611
prone1646
peripherial1653
internal1657
supine1661
peripherical1690
gawk1703
ascending1713
adducent1722
submental1722
adductory1752
subdorsal1783
syntropic18..
atlantal1803
mesiad1803
mesial1803
proximal1803
sternal1803
distal1808
peripheral1808
peripheric1818
ventripetal1819
submedial1825
anteriormostc1826
subvertebral1827
afferent1828
sinistral1828
rostral1834
interganglionic1835
submedian1836
mesian1837
haemal1839
supravaginal1844
neural1846
symmetrical1851
suprameatal1853
paraxial1861
posterial1866
hypaxial1873
postaxial1873
preaxial1873
transmedial1876
transmedian1876
mediad1878
horizontal1881
mesal1881
prosomatic1882
dextrad1883
paramedian1890
prorsal1890
ventro-dorsal1895
midsagittal1898
ventro-axial1902
ventro-posterior1903
ipsilateral1907
parasagittal1907
ventromedial1908
homolateral1910
suprasellar1912
supratemporal1975
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > [adjective] > affecting corresponding parts
symmetrical1886
1851 G. F. Richardson Geol. (1855) viii. 230 Some have internal symmetrical bones, as the Sepia and Loligo.
1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 62 Unlike most of the mollusca, they are symmetrical animals, having their right and left sides equally developed.
1886 P. H. Pye-Smith Fagge's Princ. & Pract. Med. II. 669 Remarkable cases of symmetrical gangrene of the extremities.
1892 H. Lane Differ. Rheum. Dis. (ed. 2) 46 Rheumatoid Arthritis..affection of joints often symmetrical.

Derivatives

symmetriˈcality n. = symmetricalness n. at symmetrically adv. Derivatives.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > symmetry or regularity > [noun]
proportiona1382
measurec1384
symmetry1601
symmetry1601
conformity1607
regularness1648
balance1733
regularity1758
symmetricalness1858
symmetricality1893
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > other specific arrangements > [noun] > balanced arrangement
commodulation1592
symmetry1601
symmetry1601
symmetricalness1858
symmetricality1893
1893 Chambers's Jrnl. 21 Jan. 44/2 With regard to symmetricality, Nature, when she has a purpose to serve, is nowise loth to depart from it.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1751
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