单词 | synchronous |
释义 | synchronousadj. Chiefly scientific and technical. 1. a. Existing or happening at the same time; coincident in time; belonging to the same period, or occurring at the same moment, of time; contemporary; simultaneous. Const. with. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > simultaneity or contemporaneousness > [adjective] altogether?c1400 concurrent1495 contemporana1500 unison1582 coincident1598 coetaneal1614 coactivea1616 contemporal1621 synchronisticalc1624 coetanean1625 coetaneous1649 coinstantanean1652 synchronical1652 simultal1654 contemporary1656 contemporaneous1659 simultaneousa1660 coevous1660 synchronal1660 coexistent1662 implicit1662 synchronous1669 coexistinga1676 synchronistic1685 coeval1714 contemporany1721 synchronizinga1727 joint1765 coinstantaneous1768 consentaneous1775 coinciding1786 conterminating1805 synchronic1833 coincidental1845 parallel1859 homochronous1876 monochronic1905 co-occurring1951 co-occurrent1954 1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I ii. v. 56 Hercules, the Tyrian Commander; whom some make synchronous with Moses. 1772 T. Nugent tr. J. F. de Isla Hist. Friar Gerund I. 217 It is affirmed by a coetaneous, syncronous, and faith-worthy author. 1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 42 Formations, which, although dissimilar both in organic and mineral characters, were of synchronous origin. 1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 19 Synchronous deposits necessarily contain wholly different fossils, if one has been deposited by fresh water, and the other has been laid down in the sea. 1878 H. W. Bates Central Amer. vi. 78 The rainy season on the coasts is not synchronous with that of the uplands. b. transferred. Relating to or treating of different events or things belonging to the same time or period; involving or indicating contemporaneous or simultaneous occurrence. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > simultaneity or contemporaneousness > [adjective] > relating to things belonging to the same period synchronous1823 synchronical1843 1823 T. Ross tr. F. Bouterwek Hist. Spanish & Portuguese Lit. I. 499 A synchronous account of all the remarkable productions of the polite literature of Spain. 1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 159/2 Where is the line to be drawn by which different styles ought to have been set apart as worthy to afford a new starting point for synchronous treatment? 1882–3 Schaff's Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 1249 The synchronous history of the divided kingdoms of Israel and Judah. c. synchronous curve n. (Geometry), a curve which is the locus of the points reached at any instant by a number of particles descending from the same point down a family of curves under the action of gravity. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > curve > [noun] > locus locus1675 evolute1704 place1704 trajectory1795 syntractory1820 focal surface1828 synharmonic1850 syntractrix1852 pedal1862 umbilical focal conic1862 umbilical focal conic1862 stigmatic1863 synchronism1867 synchronous curve1867 Steinerian1873 tac-locus1873 strophoid1880 orthoptic locus1882 strophoidal1908 hypercycle1909 1867 W. T. Brande & G. W. Cox Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art (new ed.) III. 685/1. 2. a. Recurring at the same successive instants of time; keeping time with; going on at the same rate and exactly together; having coincident periods, as two sets of vibrations or the like. Cf. sense 2d below. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > simultaneity or contemporaneousness > [adjective] > synchronized or isochronous synchronical1660 synchronous1677 isochronal1680 isochron1697 isochronous1706 isochronic1780 isochronical1794 synchronal1876 synchronic1892 in-phase1914 synchronized1919 phased1929 1677 Ld. Guildford Philos. Ess. Musick 20 The synchronous motion of the pulses at the mouth of the Pipe with the vibrations of the included Air promote the Sound of the Pipe. 1733 J. Arbuthnot Ess. Effects Air Human Bodies ii. 29 The Variations of the Gravity of the Air keep both the Solids and Fluids in an oscillatory Motion, synchronous and proportional to their Changes. 1786 J. Pearson in Med. Communications 2 98 Pulsation.., synchronous with that of the radial artery. 1866 Duke of Argyll Reign of Law iii. 173 The beats of a bird's two wings are always exactly synchronous. 1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) I. xiv. 391 Affected by those undulations which are synchronous with their own periods of vibration. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 42 The spasms of the face and those of the palate were not synchronous. 1931 B. Brown Talking Pictures 129 As in the regular R.C.A. synchronous system, volume controls are separate from the fader. 1972 Sci. Amer. Apr. 45/1 In all cases where this effect is significant these same tides will have ‘despun’ the satellite to synchronous rotation, that is, the satellite's period of rotation around its own axis equals its period of revolution around the planet and it always presents one face to the planet. b. (a) Applied to alternating currents having coincident periods; also to a machine or motor working in time with the alternations of current. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > alternating current > [adjective] > having coincident periods synchronous1897 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > phase > [adjective] > working in phase in quadrature (with)1889 synchronous1897 phased1929 1897 A. Hay Princ. Alternate-current Working vi. 88 By a synchronous motor is meant one whose speed bears a definite ratio to the periodicity of the alternating current. 1901 A. Russell in Electr. Rev. 19 July 88/1 The Power Factor of a Synchronous Motor. 1920 Whittaker's Electr. Engineer's Pocket-bk. (ed. 4) 219 If..the converter is in parallel with other synchronous machinery. 1930 Engineering 25 Apr. 534/3 (heading) Hydrogen-cooled synchronous condenser. 1962 J. Bell in G. A. T. Burdett Automatic Control Handbk. iv. 7 Torque synchros or synchronous links (Magslips). (b) Of uniform velocity. ΚΠ 1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers ii. iv. 253 That relation of synchronous vibrations which produces harmony. c. Computing and Telecommunications. Of apparatus or methods of working: making use of equally spaced pulses that govern the timing of operations. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > [adjective] > related to timing synchronous1954 1947 A. W. Burks et al. in J. Von Neumann Coll. Wks. (1963) V. 68 Since the timing of the entire computer is governed by a single pulse source, the computer circuits will be said to operate as a synchronized system.] 1954 IRE Trans. Electronic Computers 3 14/2 Because the system being designed was centrally synchronous, over-all timing considerations now came to the fore. 1962 Y. Chu Digital Computer Design Fund. v. 161 The binary state of the signals in logic circuits can be represented by either of two voltage levels or by pulses... A synchronous computer also requires clock pulses. 1971 I. H. Gould IFIP Guide Concepts & Terms Data Processing 76 Synchronous working and asynchronous working often coexist in different parts of a computer system. For example, in many computers the central processor is synchronous, but the operation of peripheral equipment is only initiated by signals from the central processor and thereafter proceeds asynchronously. 1982 Heap & Martin Introd. Digital Electronics iii. 73 In the worst case the problem of interfacing two independent synchronous systems which are operating at different clock rates may occur. d. Of a satellite: rotating round the parent planet at the same rate as the planet rotates. Of an orbit: such that a satellite in it is synchronous. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > secondary planet, satellite > [adjective] > movement suborbital1950 synchronous1961 the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > secondary planet, satellite > [adjective] > movement > of orbit synchronous1961 1961 N.Y. Times 30 July iv. 9/8 Synchronous satellites will require bigger boosters to reach their higher altitudes. 1964 Daily Tel. 4 Mar. 14/6 Three satellites in this synchronous orbit would give a complete global system of communications except for small regions round the North and South Pole. 1967 Technol. Week 20 Feb. 4/2 There is substantial agreement that a synchronous satellite is desirable for air traffic control. 1970 Nature 9 May 503/1 Only one orbit exists which is at the same time equatorial, circular and synchronous. 1978 Daily Tel. 11 July 2/5 ‘Charon’, which brings to 33 the number of known moons in the solar system, appears to have a synchronous orbit around Pluto of 12,000 miles, which means that it always stays over a fixed spot over Pluto. 3. Linguistics. = synchronic adj. 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > other schools of linguistics > [adjective] > synchrony, diacrony, or panchrony synchronic1922 diachronic1927 panchronic1931 diachronistic1933 diachronous1936 synchronous1936 synchronistic1937 panchronistic1949 synchronical1949 1936 Eng. Stud. 18 93 Since de Saussure and Bally we have learnt to distinguish diachronous and synchronous linguistics. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1919; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1669 |
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