synergismn.

Brit.

/ˈsɪnədʒɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈsɪnərˌdʒɪz(ə)m/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin synergismus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin synergismus (1567 or earlier) < ancient Greek συνεργός working together (see synergia n.) + post-classical Latin -ismus -ism suffix. Compare earlier synergist n., and also earlier synergy n.With the specific use in sense 2b compare French synergisme (1899 or earlier).

1. Theology. The doctrine that the human will cooperates with divine grace in the work of regeneration. Cf. synergy n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > grace > doctrine concerning grace > [noun] > synergism

synergism1765

1765 A. Maclaine tr. J. L. von Mosheim Eccl. Hist. II. Cent. xvi. iii. ii. i. §32 174 He [sc. Strigelius] was accused, by Flacius, of Synergism [L. Synergismi] at the court of Saxe-Weimar.

1828 E. B. Pusey Hist. Enq. Rationalist Char. I. i. 23 Even laymen, who would not sign the confutation-book (against Synergism) were excluded from acting as sponsors.

1884 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. III. 2279/2 Synergism is a sublimated type of Semi-Pelagianism.

1917 A. G. Voigt Biblical Dogmatics iii. 71 A modified Semipelagianism, called synergism,..crept into the Lutheran Church under the influence of Melanchthon.

2012 R. K. Rittgers Reformation of Suffering viii. 199 Wittenberg theologians..rejected Catholic synergism with respect to the beginning of salvation.

a. Physiology. = synergy n. 2a.

ΚΠ

1880 Med. Rec. (N.Y.) 24 Apr. 445/2 The symmetry of the face you know is maintained with all its wondrous mimetic powers by the synergism of numerous pairs of muscles placed on opposite sides.

1892 Proc. Royal Soc. 51 68 They revived the view that the efferent distribution of each spinal nerve is based on its physiological function, and that the movement resulting from the excitation of a root is that of a highly coordinated functional synergism.

1912 Colorado Med. 9 72/1 The thyroid and pituitary offer a good example of synergism.

1970 Nature 4 July 71/1 We wish to describe synergism between two distinct populations of cells in the production of cellular immunity.

2012 Med. Engin. & Physics 34 711/2 Muscle recruitment was selected in order to minimise muscle activation..while maximising synergism among the muscles.

b. Chiefly Pharmacology. Interaction (between substances, processes, etc.) that produces a heightened effect, spec. a combined effect which is greater than additive; = synergy n. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > [noun] > effects of medicines or drugs > combined effect

synergism1904

potentiation1914

synergy1917

potentiating1963

1904 Rev. Amer. Chem. Res. 10 168 When both drugs are used, there may be antagonism or synergism, according to conditions.

1938 Ann. Reg. 1937 349 Much research was done on synergism and antagonism of vitamins.

1961 Lancet 12 Aug. 375/2 Combined chemotherapy of acute leukæmia with 6-mercaptopurine plus corticosteroids gave a higher remission-rate than that observed for either of these administered alone... Synergism was not observed with other drug-combinations given for malignant blood diseases.

1977 New Scientist 30 June 767/2 We've done some experiments on cells in culture and you don't get any synergism, you get addition.

1979 Buffalo (N.Y.) Evening News 18 May ii. 23/2 By combining 2,4-D and silvex, the weed killer became more effective... This is known as synergism.

1997 B. Rowlands Which? Guide Complementary Med. 149 Another possible phenomenon is ‘synergism’, whereby the combined effect of two active ingredients coming together is greater than merely double effect of the individual ingredients.

3. = synergy n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > [noun] > operating together > producing increased effectiveness

synergism1925

synergy1957

1925 J. Laird Our Minds & their Bodies ii. 26 These various arguments..are often so closely allied as scarcely to be distinguished. There is synergism in all their ramifications... Nevertheless, we must try to discriminate between the different steps and stages in these converging arguments.

1941 M. Beigel & G. Kurth tr. T. Reik Masochism in Mod. Man i. 30 Freud dropped his attempt to reduce masochism to the assumption of a sexual synergism of pain and discomfort in the infantile organism.

1993 Palm Beach Illustr. Apr. 28/1 The synergism began with interviews with the client, builder, architect and designer.

2012 H. J. Curzer Aristotle & Virtues xiv. 307 Practical wisdom bolsters and is bolstered by moral virtue. But Aristotle does not take this synergism to an extreme.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	synergism
释义	synergismn. Brit. /ˈsɪnədʒɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈsɪnərˌdʒɪz(ə)m/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin synergismus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin synergismus (1567 or earlier) < ancient Greek συνεργός working together (see synergia n.) + post-classical Latin -ismus -ism suffix. Compare earlier synergist n., and also earlier synergy n.With the specific use in sense 2b compare French synergisme (1899 or earlier). 1. Theology. The doctrine that the human will cooperates with divine grace in the work of regeneration. Cf. synergy n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > grace > doctrine concerning grace > [noun] > synergism synergism1765 1765 A. Maclaine tr. J. L. von Mosheim Eccl. Hist. II. Cent. xvi. iii. ii. i. §32 174 He [sc. Strigelius] was accused, by Flacius, of Synergism [L. Synergismi] at the court of Saxe-Weimar. 1828 E. B. Pusey Hist. Enq. Rationalist Char. I. i. 23 Even laymen, who would not sign the confutation-book (against Synergism) were excluded from acting as sponsors. 1884 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. III. 2279/2 Synergism is a sublimated type of Semi-Pelagianism. 1917 A. G. Voigt Biblical Dogmatics iii. 71 A modified Semipelagianism, called synergism,..crept into the Lutheran Church under the influence of Melanchthon. 2012 R. K. Rittgers Reformation of Suffering viii. 199 Wittenberg theologians..rejected Catholic synergism with respect to the beginning of salvation. 2. a. Physiology. = synergy n. 2a. ΚΠ 1880 Med. Rec. (N.Y.) 24 Apr. 445/2 The symmetry of the face you know is maintained with all its wondrous mimetic powers by the synergism of numerous pairs of muscles placed on opposite sides. 1892 Proc. Royal Soc. 51 68 They revived the view that the efferent distribution of each spinal nerve is based on its physiological function, and that the movement resulting from the excitation of a root is that of a highly coordinated functional synergism. 1912 Colorado Med. 9 72/1 The thyroid and pituitary offer a good example of synergism. 1970 Nature 4 July 71/1 We wish to describe synergism between two distinct populations of cells in the production of cellular immunity. 2012 Med. Engin. & Physics 34 711/2 Muscle recruitment was selected in order to minimise muscle activation..while maximising synergism among the muscles. b. Chiefly Pharmacology. Interaction (between substances, processes, etc.) that produces a heightened effect, spec. a combined effect which is greater than additive; = synergy n. 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > [noun] > effects of medicines or drugs > combined effect synergism1904 potentiation1914 synergy1917 potentiating1963 1904 Rev. Amer. Chem. Res. 10 168 When both drugs are used, there may be antagonism or synergism, according to conditions. 1938 Ann. Reg. 1937 349 Much research was done on synergism and antagonism of vitamins. 1961 Lancet 12 Aug. 375/2 Combined chemotherapy of acute leukæmia with 6-mercaptopurine plus corticosteroids gave a higher remission-rate than that observed for either of these administered alone... Synergism was not observed with other drug-combinations given for malignant blood diseases. 1977 New Scientist 30 June 767/2 We've done some experiments on cells in culture and you don't get any synergism, you get addition. 1979 Buffalo (N.Y.) Evening News 18 May ii. 23/2 By combining 2,4-D and silvex, the weed killer became more effective... This is known as synergism. 1997 B. Rowlands Which? Guide Complementary Med. 149 Another possible phenomenon is ‘synergism’, whereby the combined effect of two active ingredients coming together is greater than merely double effect of the individual ingredients. 3. = synergy n. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > [noun] > operating together > producing increased effectiveness synergism1925 synergy1957 1925 J. Laird Our Minds & their Bodies ii. 26 These various arguments..are often so closely allied as scarcely to be distinguished. There is synergism in all their ramifications... Nevertheless, we must try to discriminate between the different steps and stages in these converging arguments. 1941 M. Beigel & G. Kurth tr. T. Reik Masochism in Mod. Man i. 30 Freud dropped his attempt to reduce masochism to the assumption of a sexual synergism of pain and discomfort in the infantile organism. 1993 Palm Beach Illustr. Apr. 28/1 The synergism began with interviews with the client, builder, architect and designer. 2012 H. J. Curzer Aristotle & Virtues xiv. 307 Practical wisdom bolsters and is bolstered by moral virtue. But Aristotle does not take this synergism to an extreme. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1765
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