synergyn.

Brit.

/ˈsɪnədʒi/, U.S.

/ˈsɪnərdʒi/

Forms: 1600s 1800s synergie, 1700s– synergy.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin synergia.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin synergia synergia n.; compare -y suffix³. In sense 2a after French synergie (1778 in this sense, in P. J. Barthez Nouveaux élémens de la science de l'homme 146). Compare earlier synergist n.

1. Joint action, cooperation; esp. (Theology) cooperation between human will and divine grace in the work of regeneration (cf. synergism n. 1, synergist n. 1).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > co-operation > [noun]

co-operation1495

concurrence1525

conspiring1561

concomitation1563

consort1590

concurring1594

concurrency1596

concurrent1605

communion1614

coadjutement1618

coaction1625

synergy1632

concourse1635

coadjuvancy1646

coactivity1659

co-operancya1670

synenergya1680

tandem1851

collaboration1860

coadjuvation1875

1632 E. Reynolds Explic. 110th Psalme 173 In the vertue of which synergie and co-partnership with Christ and with God, as he saveth, so we save; as he forgiveth sinnes, so we forgive them; [etc.].

1660 P. Heylyn Historia Quinqu-articularis i. 9 They speak only of such a Synergie, or cooperation, as makes men differ from a sensless stock, or liveless statua, in reference to the great work of his own conversion.

1665 G. Thomson Galeno-pale Ep. Ded. sig. A2^v Yea, there should be a Synergie, and conspiration of all Arts and Sciences to advance Theology, which makes the better Part of us happy.

1782 S. Parr in T. Twining Let. 18 Sept. (1991) I. 234 The Bps. depend..for the preservation of the petty consequence they yet retain, on a perfect sympathy & synergy among themselves.

1861 Brit. & Foreign Evangelical Rev. Oct. 734 It may turn out that a great fact in this literature is a certain divine superintendence and synergy along with the human authors.

1905 C. E. Hay tr. R. Seeberg Text-bk. Hist. Doctr. I. i. ii. v. 371 Grace comes to view, not as operans, but as cooperans; to it is to be attributed not alone-activity, but synergy.

1999 P. C. Hodgson God's Wisdom ii. 24 Gregory had a distinctive concept of synergy: it is God who cooperates with us rather than we with God.

a. Physiology. Combined and coordinated action (by muscles, other organs, types of cell, etc.) in the performance of a specific movement or function; an instance of this; = synergism n. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > [noun] > operating together

communiona1538

concurring1594

co-agency1611

concourse1635

co-working1670

synergy1820

synenergy1822

synergia1831

co-ordination1870

co-operancy1878

1820 London Med. & Physical Jrnl. 44 336 This consensus or synergie, (as the author calls this relation of action, after Barthez; and the term is certainly, in this case, more appropriate than sympathy:) between the glottis and the abdominal muscles, is observed in many familiar actions of the human body.

1821 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. & Surg. 10 371 It [sc. rigidity] is met with in cases in which synergy is wanting, in which the womb may be doing well in one part, while another, which should manifest corresponding functions, is perfectly quiescent.

1852 Lancet 1 May 424/1 The mammæ, ovaria, and uterus are acting and reacting upon each other so as to produce the ovario-uterine phenomena of menstruation;..in the larger genesial cycle of menstruation, gestation, and lactation, the same triple synergy is in operation upon a larger scale.

1867 G. H. Lewes Hist. Philos. (ed. 3) II. 419 The synergy of organs in producing mental phenomena.

1936 Q. Rev. Biol. 11 387/2 The middle part of the trapezius adducts the scapula, usually in synergy with the rhomboid.

1984 Vet. Immunol. & Immunopathol. 6 70 The intestinal tract possesses features of innate resistance which..act in synergy with those of the immune system.

1998 G. Malanga & J. A. DeLisa in J. DeLisa Gait. Anal. in Sci. Rehabilit. (Dept. Veterans Affairs) i. 8/1 In many people, there is an extensor synergy of the affected lower limb, consisting of extension, adduction, and internal rotation at the hip, extension at the knee, and plantarflexion and inversion of the ankle and foot.

2012 Gait & Posture 35 111 EMG [= electromyography] measurements during gait were processed into a measure of extensor synergy and thigh synergy.

b. Chiefly Pharmacology = synergism n. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > [noun] > effects of medicines or drugs > combined effect

synergism1904

potentiation1914

synergy1917

potentiating1963

1917 O. L. Raber in Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 3 684 The chloride and citrate ions neither antagonise each other nor remain without effect upon each other, but the presence of the two ions in some way increases the action of both so that the resistance is much lower at any given instant than it would be otherwise from mere additive effects. It is for this and similar effects that the author proposes to use the name synergy, which is hence the antithesis of antagonism.

1945 Sci. News-Let. Jan. 14/3 Synergy..acquires tremendous importance in applied chemistry. It means tripling the effectiveness of an insecticide or doubling the yield of a reaction.

1978 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 137 123/1 Testing for synergy with combinations of any number of agents..might lead to the discovery of antibiotic combinations considerably more potent than those now in use.

2008 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 13977/1 Very little is known about how the evolution of resistance is affected by the nature of the interactions—synergy or antagonism—between drugs.

3. Any interaction or cooperation which is mutually reinforcing; a dynamic, productive, or profitable affinity, association, or link.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > [noun] > operating together > producing increased effectiveness

synergism1925

synergy1957

1957 R. B. Cattell Personality & Motivation xvii. 791 Immediate synergy through group membership..expresses the energy going into the group life as a result of satisfaction with fellow members.

1981 Economist 28 Nov. 19/2 Others, through mergers (eg, research houses into retail brokerage houses), have demonstrated that there is something to be said for synergy.

1990 B. Burrough & J. Helyar Barbarians at Gate xvi. 436 They had nothing in common. No synergy. No flow of ideas or people back and forth.

2006 Wall St. Jrnl. 27 Nov. r4/1 A software and hardware ‘ecosystem’ that tries to mimic the successful synergy between iTunes software and iPod gadgets.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	synergy
释义	synergyn. Brit. /ˈsɪnədʒi/, U.S. /ˈsɪnərdʒi/ Forms: 1600s 1800s synergie, 1700s– synergy. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin synergia. Etymology: < post-classical Latin synergia synergia n.; compare -y suffix³. In sense 2a after French synergie (1778 in this sense, in P. J. Barthez Nouveaux élémens de la science de l'homme 146). Compare earlier synergist n. 1. Joint action, cooperation; esp. (Theology) cooperation between human will and divine grace in the work of regeneration (cf. synergism n. 1, synergist n. 1). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > co-operation > [noun] co-operation1495 concurrence1525 conspiring1561 concomitation1563 consort1590 concurring1594 concurrency1596 concurrent1605 communion1614 coadjutement1618 coaction1625 synergy1632 concourse1635 coadjuvancy1646 coactivity1659 co-operancya1670 synenergya1680 tandem1851 collaboration1860 coadjuvation1875 1632 E. Reynolds Explic. 110th Psalme 173 In the vertue of which synergie and co-partnership with Christ and with God, as he saveth, so we save; as he forgiveth sinnes, so we forgive them; [etc.]. 1660 P. Heylyn Historia Quinqu-articularis i. 9 They speak only of such a Synergie, or cooperation, as makes men differ from a sensless stock, or liveless statua, in reference to the great work of his own conversion. 1665 G. Thomson Galeno-pale Ep. Ded. sig. A2^v Yea, there should be a Synergie, and conspiration of all Arts and Sciences to advance Theology, which makes the better Part of us happy. 1782 S. Parr in T. Twining Let. 18 Sept. (1991) I. 234 The Bps. depend..for the preservation of the petty consequence they yet retain, on a perfect sympathy & synergy among themselves. 1861 Brit. & Foreign Evangelical Rev. Oct. 734 It may turn out that a great fact in this literature is a certain divine superintendence and synergy along with the human authors. 1905 C. E. Hay tr. R. Seeberg Text-bk. Hist. Doctr. I. i. ii. v. 371 Grace comes to view, not as operans, but as cooperans; to it is to be attributed not alone-activity, but synergy. 1999 P. C. Hodgson God's Wisdom ii. 24 Gregory had a distinctive concept of synergy: it is God who cooperates with us rather than we with God. 2. a. Physiology. Combined and coordinated action (by muscles, other organs, types of cell, etc.) in the performance of a specific movement or function; an instance of this; = synergism n. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > [noun] > operating together communiona1538 concurring1594 co-agency1611 concourse1635 co-working1670 synergy1820 synenergy1822 synergia1831 co-ordination1870 co-operancy1878 1820 London Med. & Physical Jrnl. 44 336 This consensus or synergie, (as the author calls this relation of action, after Barthez; and the term is certainly, in this case, more appropriate than sympathy:) between the glottis and the abdominal muscles, is observed in many familiar actions of the human body. 1821 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. & Surg. 10 371 It [sc. rigidity] is met with in cases in which synergy is wanting, in which the womb may be doing well in one part, while another, which should manifest corresponding functions, is perfectly quiescent. 1852 Lancet 1 May 424/1 The mammæ, ovaria, and uterus are acting and reacting upon each other so as to produce the ovario-uterine phenomena of menstruation;..in the larger genesial cycle of menstruation, gestation, and lactation, the same triple synergy is in operation upon a larger scale. 1867 G. H. Lewes Hist. Philos. (ed. 3) II. 419 The synergy of organs in producing mental phenomena. 1936 Q. Rev. Biol. 11 387/2 The middle part of the trapezius adducts the scapula, usually in synergy with the rhomboid. 1984 Vet. Immunol. & Immunopathol. 6 70 The intestinal tract possesses features of innate resistance which..act in synergy with those of the immune system. 1998 G. Malanga & J. A. DeLisa in J. DeLisa Gait. Anal. in Sci. Rehabilit. (Dept. Veterans Affairs) i. 8/1 In many people, there is an extensor synergy of the affected lower limb, consisting of extension, adduction, and internal rotation at the hip, extension at the knee, and plantarflexion and inversion of the ankle and foot. 2012 Gait & Posture 35 111 EMG [= electromyography] measurements during gait were processed into a measure of extensor synergy and thigh synergy. b. Chiefly Pharmacology = synergism n. 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > [noun] > effects of medicines or drugs > combined effect synergism1904 potentiation1914 synergy1917 potentiating1963 1917 O. L. Raber in Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 3 684 The chloride and citrate ions neither antagonise each other nor remain without effect upon each other, but the presence of the two ions in some way increases the action of both so that the resistance is much lower at any given instant than it would be otherwise from mere additive effects. It is for this and similar effects that the author proposes to use the name synergy, which is hence the antithesis of antagonism. 1945 Sci. News-Let. Jan. 14/3 Synergy..acquires tremendous importance in applied chemistry. It means tripling the effectiveness of an insecticide or doubling the yield of a reaction. 1978 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 137 123/1 Testing for synergy with combinations of any number of agents..might lead to the discovery of antibiotic combinations considerably more potent than those now in use. 2008 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 13977/1 Very little is known about how the evolution of resistance is affected by the nature of the interactions—synergy or antagonism—between drugs. 3. Any interaction or cooperation which is mutually reinforcing; a dynamic, productive, or profitable affinity, association, or link. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > [noun] > operating together > producing increased effectiveness synergism1925 synergy1957 1957 R. B. Cattell Personality & Motivation xvii. 791 Immediate synergy through group membership..expresses the energy going into the group life as a result of satisfaction with fellow members. 1981 Economist 28 Nov. 19/2 Others, through mergers (eg, research houses into retail brokerage houses), have demonstrated that there is something to be said for synergy. 1990 B. Burrough & J. Helyar Barbarians at Gate xvi. 436 They had nothing in common. No synergy. No flow of ideas or people back and forth. 2006 Wall St. Jrnl. 27 Nov. r4/1 A software and hardware ‘ecosystem’ that tries to mimic the successful synergy between iTunes software and iPod gadgets. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1632
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