targen.¹

/tɑːdʒ/

Forms: Middle English– targe; also Middle English tarche, Middle English taarge, 1500s terge, Scottish1500s– tairge.

Etymology: In late Old English targe (feminine), targa (masculine), Middle English targe, = Old French targe (11th cent. in Roland) = Italian targa, Provençal targua, < Old Norse targa (feminine) (c950 in Vigfusson), shield, cognate with Old High German zarga (feminine), ‘edging, border’. Old English targe (feminine), targa masculine were probably < Old Norse; Middle English targe from Old French; the Provençal and Spanish tarja, Middle High German tartsche, early modern Dutch tartsche, targie, also from French. (The Old Catalan darga, Spanish adarga, Portuguese adarga, appear to be from Arabic al-darqah the shield of leather and wood.)

Now archaic and poetic.

a. A shield; spec. a light shield or buckler, borne instead of the heavy shield, esp. by footmen and archers.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun]

shieldc825

boardOE

randOE

targe1297

rowelc1330

aegisc1425

scutcheon1600

disc1791

c997 Charter of Æ-deric in Kemble Cod. Dipl. III. 304 Twa targan and twegen francan.

c1015 Charter of Æðelstan Æðeling in Kemble Cod. Dipl. III. 363 Ic geann Ælmere minen discðene..mines taregan.]

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 7462 Wiþ stronge targes hom biuore þat archers ne dude hom noȝt.

a1400 Sir Beues (A.) 4214 Þo Beues seȝ is strokes large, He kepte his strokes wiþ is targe.

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 473 On hir heed an hat As brood as is a Bokeler or a Targe [rhyme large].

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 799 Feill Inglismen..With schot was slayn for all thar targis strang.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 33 Tua handit sourdis and tairgis.

1569 T. Stocker tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Successors Alexander i. xiii. 22 His footemen which carried the terges and scaling ladders.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1111 Those Leaves They [sc. Adam & Eve] gatherd, broad as Amazonian Targe,..To gird thir waste.

1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xiii. 513 The spacious Targe (a blazing Round, Thick with Bull-hides, with brazen Orbits bound).

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake v. 211 Ill fared it then with Roderick Dhu, That on the field his targe he threw.

1894 W. E. Gladstone tr. Horace Odes ii. vii Philippi's headlong rout we shared, I parted from my targe, not well.

b. figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence

hornc825

shieldc1200

warranta1272

bergha1325

armour1340

hedge1340

defencec1350

bucklerc1380

protectiona1382

safety1399

targea1400

suretyc1405

wall1412

pavise?a1439

fencec1440

safeguard?c1500

pale?a1525

waretack1542

muniment1546

shrouda1561

bulwark1577

countermure1581

ward1582

prevention1584

armourya1586

fortificationa1586

securitya1586

penthouse1589

palladium1600

guard1609

subtectacle1609

tutament1609

umbrella1609

bastion1615

screena1616

amulet1621

alexikakon1635

breastwork1643

security1643

protectionary1653

sepiment1660

back1680

shadower1691

aegis1760

inoculation1761

buoya1770

propugnaculum1773

panoply1789

armament1793

fascine1793

protective1827

beaver1838

face shield1842

vaccine1861

zariba1885

wolf-platform1906

firebreak1959

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9972 Maria maiden, mild o mode..standes vs for sceild and targe [c1460 Laud tarche].

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. x. xix. f. 149/2 Knawing weill that deuine helpe is the only targe & sicker munition of kingis & realmes.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 127 Ane faithfull subiect and sicker tairge to the commone weill.

1603 King James VI & I Basilicon Doron (1944) I. To Rdr. 19 To whiche hydra of diuerslie enclined spectators, I haue no targe to oppone.

†2.

a. A name applied in the reigns of the first three Edwards to the King's private or privy seal (perhaps bearing a shield as its device). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > marking > imprinting > sealing > [noun] > seal > official or sovereign

green waxa1350

secret seal1378

privy seal1410

signet1410

Great Seal1419

private seal1440

common seal1449

cocket1451

privy signet1477

half-seal1509

targec1510

broad seal1550

1309 Rolls of Parl. I. 444/2 Quant as Brefs de la targe, le Roy voet, qe l'Ordenance soit gardee, qe en fust fait en temps le Roy son pere, laquele est en Chancellerie.

a1315 in T. Stapleton Liber de Antiquis Legibus (1846) App. 252 Ces lettres desuz son prive seal de la targe.

1315 Rolls of Parl. I. 339/1 Par Bref de la targe.

1347 Rolls of Parl. II. 193/1 Briefs soutz le grant Seal, & Letres soutz la targe.]

c1510 Gest Robyn Hode ccclxxxv, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1888) III. v. 75/1 He toke out the brode targe [v.r. seale], And sone he lete hym se.

†b. (See quot. c1440) Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 487/1 Targe, or chartyr, carta.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations.

ΚΠ

1895 Daily News 29 Oct. 6/5 The twin targe brooch that clasps her robe.

C2.

targeman n. a man armed with a targe.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > man wearing armour > [noun] > man armed with shield

targeter1382

paviserc1425

pavisec1500

target man1555

targeteera1593

targeman?17..

hypaspista1827

?17.. Battle of Sheriff-Muir (Cent. Dict.) He stoutly encounter'd the targemen.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† targen.²

Etymology: < targe v.¹

Obsolete.

Tarrying, delay.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [noun]

longingeOE

bideOE

abodec1225

bodea1300

demura1300

dwella1300

litinga1300

delayc1300

delayingc1300

demurrancec1300

but honec1325

without ensoignec1325

abidec1330

dretchingc1330

dwellingc1330

essoinc1330

tarrying1340

litea1350

delaymenta1393

respitea1393

oversettinga1398

delayancea1400

delitea1400

lingeringa1400

stounding?a1400

sunyiea1400

targea1400

train?a1400

deferring14..

dilation14..

dayc1405

prolongingc1425

spacec1430

adjourningc1436

retardationc1437

prolongation?a1439

training1440

adjournment1445

sleuthingc1450

tarry1451

tarriance1460

prorogation1476

oversetc1485

tarriage1488

debaid1489

supersedement1492

superseding1494

off-putting1496

postponing1496

tract1503

dilating1509

sparinga1513

hafting1519

sufferance1523

tracking1524

sticking1525

stay1530

pause1532

protraction1535

tracting1535

protract of time1536

protracting1540

postposition1546

staying1546

procrastination1548

difference1559

surceasing1560

tardation1568

detract1570

detracting1572

tarryment1575

rejourning1578

detraction1579

longness1579

rejournment1579

holding1581

reprieving1583

cunctation1585

retarding1585

retardance1586

temporizing1587

by and by1591

suspensea1592

procrastinatinga1594

tardance1595

linger1597

forslacking1600

morrowing1602

recess1603

deferment1612

attendance1614

put-off1623

adjournal1627

fristing1637

hanging-up1638

retardment1640

dilatoriness1642

suspension1645

stickagea1647

tardidation1647

transtemporation1651

demurragea1656

prolatation1656

prolation1656

moration1658

perendination1658

offput1730

retardure1751

postponement1757

retard1781

traverse1799

tarrowing1832

mañana1845

temporization1888

procrastinativeness1893

deferral1895

traa dy liooar1897

stalling1927

heel-tapping1949

off-put1970

a1400 Coer de L. 2790 Whenne that ilke man hadde hys charge, Home they wolden, withouten targe.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

targen.³

Etymology: < targe v.³

Scottish.

= targer n.

ΚΠ

1887 J. Service Life Dr. Duguid ix. 67 Bessie Graham was a terr'ble tairge, and had a tinkler tongue in the heid of her.

1896 J. Horne Canny Countryside iv. 40 Fat wud ye do wi' a targe lek her?

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

† targev.¹

Etymology: < Old French targier, targer (11th cent. in Godefroy) to tarry < popular Latin type *tardicāre , derivative of Latin tardāre to be late, to tarry, < tardus slow. (For French form compare juger < Latin jūdicāre .) See also tarry v.

Obsolete.

intransitive. To delay; = tarry v.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)]

geleOE

studegieOE

abideOE

to do in or a (= on) fristc1175

dwellc1175

demurc1230

targec1250

dretcha1325

tarrya1375

sojourn1377

defer1382

letc1385

hinderc1386

blina1400

delay?a1400

honea1400

litea1400

overbidea1400

prolongc1425

supersede1433

hoverc1440

tarrowc1480

sunyie1488

stay?a1500

sleep1519

slack1530

protract1540

linger1548

procrastinate1548

slackc1560

slug1565

jauk1568

temporize1579

detract1584

longering1587

sit1591

prorogue1593

to time it out1613

to lie out1640

crastinate1656

taigle17..

to hang fire1782

to hold off1790

to hang it on1819

prevaricate1854

to lie over1856

to tread water1942

to drag one's feet1946

c1250 O. Kentish Serm. in Old Eng. Misc. 36 Ne solde no man targi for to wende to godalmichti ne him to serui.

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 350/177 Þo he [Askebert] targede a luyte þis luþere dede to done.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2363 War-to [= why] targe [MSS. 1400– tarie, tarye] we so long to quelle him atten ende?

c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 7588 So weri thei ben and ouer-charged, Here socour foule fro hem targed.

c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 1075 Fructifying wodes..Wherof sum fruit wol targe & sum wol hie.

Derivatives

† targing n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

a1330 Otuel 833 Þo wenten þei forþ wiþouten targing.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

† targev.²

Etymology: < targe n.¹, or < Old French targier , targer (13th cent. in Godefroy) to protect, defend (compare modern French targuer , < Italian targar(si) ), < targe : see targe n.¹

Obsolete. rare.

transitive. To protect or defend as with a targe or shield; to shield.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)]

shieldc825

frithc893

werea900

i-schield971

berghOE

biwerec1000

grithc1000

witec1000

keepc1175

burghena1225

ward?c1225

hilla1240

warrantc1275

witiec1275

forhilla1300

umshadea1300

defendc1325

fendc1330

to hold in or to warrantc1330

bielda1350

warisha1375

succoura1387

defencea1398

shrouda1400

umbeshadow14..

shelvec1425

targec1430

protect?1435

obumber?1440

thorn1483

warrantise1490

charea1500

safeguard1501

heild?a1513

shend1530

warrant1530

shadow1548

fence1577

safekeep1588

bucklera1593

counterguard1594

save1595

tara1612

target1611

screenc1613

pre-arm1615

custodite1657

shelter1667

to guard against1725

cushion1836

enshield1855

mind1924

buffer1958

c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) i. cxxviii. 68 This targe targede him as longe as he bar it with him.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. i. 2 Couenable to couure & targe the body of man agaynst the strokes of dartes.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

targev.³

Forms: Also tairge, terge.

Etymology: Origin and, hence also, the sense development uncertain. Jamieson and Eng. Dial. Dict. start with the sense ‘to beat, strike, thrash’, but quote no instances before 1833. (Latin tergere to rub, wipe, cleanse, correct, has been suggested.) The ‘soft’ g/dʒ/ suggests Romanic origin.

Scottish.

1. transitive. To question closely, cross-examine.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > interrogation > question, interrogate [verb (transitive)] > cross-examine

cross-examine1664

cross-question1760

targea1796

back-speir1796

cross-hackle1826

a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 219 I on the questions targe them tightly.

1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 213 Tairge them about it now..O' sic ane styk untill this day We never heard a cheep!

1869 A. Trollope Phineas Finn I. xxviii. 235 He..had on this occasion targed two or three commissariat officers very tightly with questions respecting cabbages and potatoes.

2. To keep in strict order, look after strictly.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > superintend

overseec1330

overwaitc1449

overlook1532

supervise1566

superintend1596

supravise1604

supervise1653

superinspect1675

intend1791

targe1814

oversight1885

overseer1892

honcho1957

1814 W. Scott Waverley II. xix. 286 Callum Beg..discharging the obligation, by mounting guard over the hereditary tailor of Slioch nan Ivor; and, as he expressed himself, targed him tightly till the finishing of the job.

1868 A. Trollope Linda Tressel i. 13 Linda..was..targed more strictly in the reading of godly books.

3. To reprimand, scold loudly; to beat, thrash.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person

to-beatc893

threshOE

bustc1225

to lay on or upon?c1225

berrya1250

to-bunea1250

touchc1330

arrayc1380

byfrapc1380

boxc1390

swinga1400

forbeatc1420

peal?a1425

routa1425

noddlea1450

forslinger1481

wipe1523

trima1529

baste1533

waulk1533

slip1535

peppera1550

bethwack1555

kembc1566

to beat (a person) black and blue1568

beswinge1568

paik1568

trounce1568

canvass1573

swaddle?1577

bebaste1582

besoop1589

bumfeage1589

dry-beat1589

feague1589

lamback1589

clapperclaw1590

thrash1593

belam1595

lam1595

beswaddle1598

bumfeagle1598

belabour1600

tew1600

flesh-baste1611

dust1612

feeze1612

mill1612

verberate1614

bethumpa1616

rebuke1619

bemaul1620

tabor1624

maula1627

batterfang1630

dry-baste1630

lambaste1637

thunder-thump1637

cullis1639

dry-banga1640

nuddle1640

sauce1651

feak1652

cotton1654

fustigate1656

brush1665

squab1668

raddle1677

to tan (a person's) hide1679

slam1691

bebump1694

to give (a person) his load1694

fag1699

towel1705

to kick a person's butt1741

fum1790

devel1807

bray1808

to beat (also scare, etc.) someone's daylights out1813

mug1818

to knock (a person) into the middle of next week1821

welt1823

hidea1825

slate1825

targe1825

wallop1825

pounce1827

to lay into1838

flake1841

muzzle1843

paste1846

looder1850

frail1851

snake1859

fettle1863

to do over1866

jacket1875

to knock seven kinds of —— out of (a person)1877

to take apart1880

splatter1881

to beat (knock, etc.) the tar out of1884

to —— the shit out of (a person or thing)1886

to do up1887

to —— (the) hell out of1887

to beat — bells out of a person1890

soak1892

to punch out1893

stoush1893

to work over1903

to beat up1907

to punch up1907

cream1929

shellac1930

to —— the bejesus out of (a person or thing)1931

duff1943

clobber1944

to fill in1948

to bash up1954

to —— seven shades of —— out of (a person or thing)1976

to —— seven shades out of (a person or thing)1983

beast1990

becurry-

fan-

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] > scold

chidec1230

ban1340

tongue1388

rate1393

flite14..

rehetec1400

janglec1430

chafec1485

rattle1542

berate1548

quarrel1587

hazen?1608

bequarrel1624

huff1674

shrewa1687

to claw away, off1692

tongue-pad1707

to blow up1710

scold1718

rag1739

redd1776

bullyraga1790

jaw1810

targe1825

haze1829

overhaul1840

tongue-walk1841

trim1882

to call down1883

tongue-lash1887

roar1917

to go off at (a person)1941

chew1948

wrinch2009

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. To Targe, Tairge, to beat, to strike, Perths.

1833 J. S. Sands Poems 105 (E.D.D.) Targed him tightly till he fell.

1861 R. Quinn Heather Lintie (1866) 165 Targe him tichtly wha debases Frail human nature.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

n.¹1297

n.²a1400

n.³1887

v.¹c1250

v.²c1430

v.³a1796

单词	targe
释义	targen.¹ /tɑːdʒ/ Forms: Middle English– targe; also Middle English tarche, Middle English taarge, 1500s terge, Scottish1500s– tairge. Etymology: In late Old English targe (feminine), targa (masculine), Middle English targe, = Old French targe (11th cent. in Roland) = Italian targa, Provençal targua, < Old Norse targa (feminine) (c950 in Vigfusson), shield, cognate with Old High German zarga (feminine), ‘edging, border’. Old English targe (feminine), targa masculine were probably < Old Norse; Middle English targe from Old French; the Provençal and Spanish tarja, Middle High German tartsche, early modern Dutch tartsche, targie, also from French. (The Old Catalan darga, Spanish adarga, Portuguese adarga, appear to be from Arabic al-darqah the shield of leather and wood.) Now archaic and poetic. 1. a. A shield; spec. a light shield or buckler, borne instead of the heavy shield, esp. by footmen and archers. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > shield > [noun] shieldc825 boardOE randOE targe1297 rowelc1330 aegisc1425 scutcheon1600 disc1791 c997 Charter of Æ-deric in Kemble Cod. Dipl. III. 304 Twa targan and twegen francan. c1015 Charter of Æðelstan Æðeling in Kemble Cod. Dipl. III. 363 Ic geann Ælmere minen discðene..mines taregan.] 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 7462 Wiþ stronge targes hom biuore þat archers ne dude hom noȝt. a1400 Sir Beues (A.) 4214 Þo Beues seȝ is strokes large, He kepte his strokes wiþ is targe. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 473 On hir heed an hat As brood as is a Bokeler or a Targe [rhyme large]. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 799 Feill Inglismen..With schot was slayn for all thar targis strang. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 33 Tua handit sourdis and tairgis. 1569 T. Stocker tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Successors Alexander i. xiii. 22 His footemen which carried the terges and scaling ladders. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1111 Those Leaves They [sc. Adam & Eve] gatherd, broad as Amazonian Targe,..To gird thir waste. View more context for this quotation 1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xiii. 513 The spacious Targe (a blazing Round, Thick with Bull-hides, with brazen Orbits bound). 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake v. 211 Ill fared it then with Roderick Dhu, That on the field his targe he threw. 1894 W. E. Gladstone tr. Horace Odes ii. vii Philippi's headlong rout we shared, I parted from my targe, not well. b. figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence hornc825 shieldc1200 warranta1272 bergha1325 armour1340 hedge1340 defencec1350 bucklerc1380 protectiona1382 safety1399 targea1400 suretyc1405 wall1412 pavise?a1439 fencec1440 safeguard?c1500 pale?a1525 waretack1542 muniment1546 shrouda1561 bulwark1577 countermure1581 ward1582 prevention1584 armourya1586 fortificationa1586 securitya1586 penthouse1589 palladium1600 guard1609 subtectacle1609 tutament1609 umbrella1609 bastion1615 screena1616 amulet1621 alexikakon1635 breastwork1643 security1643 protectionary1653 sepiment1660 back1680 shadower1691 aegis1760 inoculation1761 buoya1770 propugnaculum1773 panoply1789 armament1793 fascine1793 protective1827 beaver1838 face shield1842 vaccine1861 zariba1885 wolf-platform1906 firebreak1959 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9972 Maria maiden, mild o mode..standes vs for sceild and targe [c1460 Laud tarche]. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. x. xix. f. 149/2 Knawing weill that deuine helpe is the only targe & sicker munition of kingis & realmes. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 127 Ane faithfull subiect and sicker tairge to the commone weill. 1603 King James VI & I Basilicon Doron (1944) I. To Rdr. 19 To whiche hydra of diuerslie enclined spectators, I haue no targe to oppone. †2. a. A name applied in the reigns of the first three Edwards to the King's private or privy seal (perhaps bearing a shield as its device). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > marking > imprinting > sealing > [noun] > seal > official or sovereign green waxa1350 secret seal1378 privy seal1410 signet1410 Great Seal1419 private seal1440 common seal1449 cocket1451 privy signet1477 half-seal1509 targec1510 broad seal1550 1309 Rolls of Parl. I. 444/2 Quant as Brefs de la targe, le Roy voet, qe l'Ordenance soit gardee, qe en fust fait en temps le Roy son pere, laquele est en Chancellerie. a1315 in T. Stapleton Liber de Antiquis Legibus (1846) App. 252 Ces lettres desuz son prive seal de la targe. 1315 Rolls of Parl. I. 339/1 Par Bref de la targe. 1347 Rolls of Parl. II. 193/1 Briefs soutz le grant Seal, & Letres soutz la targe.] c1510 Gest Robyn Hode ccclxxxv, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1888) III. v. 75/1 He toke out the brode targe [v.r. seale], And sone he lete hym se. †b. (See quot. c1440) Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 487/1 Targe, or chartyr, carta. Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations. ΚΠ 1895 Daily News 29 Oct. 6/5 The twin targe brooch that clasps her robe. C2. targeman n. a man armed with a targe. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > man wearing armour > [noun] > man armed with shield targeter1382 paviserc1425 pavisec1500 target man1555 targeteera1593 targeman?17.. hypaspista1827 ?17.. Battle of Sheriff-Muir (Cent. Dict.) He stoutly encounter'd the targemen. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † targen.² Etymology: < targe v.¹ Obsolete. Tarrying, delay. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [noun] longingeOE bideOE abodec1225 bodea1300 demura1300 dwella1300 litinga1300 delayc1300 delayingc1300 demurrancec1300 but honec1325 without ensoignec1325 abidec1330 dretchingc1330 dwellingc1330 essoinc1330 tarrying1340 litea1350 delaymenta1393 respitea1393 oversettinga1398 delayancea1400 delitea1400 lingeringa1400 stounding?a1400 sunyiea1400 targea1400 train?a1400 deferring14.. dilation14.. dayc1405 prolongingc1425 spacec1430 adjourningc1436 retardationc1437 prolongation?a1439 training1440 adjournment1445 sleuthingc1450 tarry1451 tarriance1460 prorogation1476 oversetc1485 tarriage1488 debaid1489 supersedement1492 superseding1494 off-putting1496 postponing1496 tract1503 dilating1509 sparinga1513 hafting1519 sufferance1523 tracking1524 sticking1525 stay1530 pause1532 protraction1535 tracting1535 protract of time1536 protracting1540 postposition1546 staying1546 procrastination1548 difference1559 surceasing1560 tardation1568 detract1570 detracting1572 tarryment1575 rejourning1578 detraction1579 longness1579 rejournment1579 holding1581 reprieving1583 cunctation1585 retarding1585 retardance1586 temporizing1587 by and by1591 suspensea1592 procrastinatinga1594 tardance1595 linger1597 forslacking1600 morrowing1602 recess1603 deferment1612 attendance1614 put-off1623 adjournal1627 fristing1637 hanging-up1638 retardment1640 dilatoriness1642 suspension1645 stickagea1647 tardidation1647 transtemporation1651 demurragea1656 prolatation1656 prolation1656 moration1658 perendination1658 offput1730 retardure1751 postponement1757 retard1781 traverse1799 tarrowing1832 mañana1845 temporization1888 procrastinativeness1893 deferral1895 traa dy liooar1897 stalling1927 heel-tapping1949 off-put1970 a1400 Coer de L. 2790 Whenne that ilke man hadde hys charge, Home they wolden, withouten targe. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2018). targen.³ Etymology: < targe v.³ Scottish. = targer n. ΚΠ 1887 J. Service Life Dr. Duguid ix. 67 Bessie Graham was a terr'ble tairge, and had a tinkler tongue in the heid of her. 1896 J. Horne Canny Countryside iv. 40 Fat wud ye do wi' a targe lek her? This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2019). † targev.¹ Etymology: < Old French targier, targer (11th cent. in Godefroy) to tarry < popular Latin type tardicāre , derivative of Latin tardāre* to be late, to tarry, < tardus slow. (For French form compare juger < Latin jūdicāre .) See also tarry v. Obsolete. intransitive. To delay; = tarry v. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)] geleOE studegieOE abideOE to do in or a (= on) fristc1175 dwellc1175 demurc1230 targec1250 dretcha1325 tarrya1375 sojourn1377 defer1382 letc1385 hinderc1386 blina1400 delay?a1400 honea1400 litea1400 overbidea1400 prolongc1425 supersede1433 hoverc1440 tarrowc1480 sunyie1488 stay?a1500 sleep1519 slack1530 protract1540 linger1548 procrastinate1548 slackc1560 slug1565 jauk1568 temporize1579 detract1584 longering1587 sit1591 prorogue1593 to time it out1613 to lie out1640 crastinate1656 taigle17.. to hang fire1782 to hold off1790 to hang it on1819 prevaricate1854 to lie over1856 to tread water1942 to drag one's feet1946 c1250 O. Kentish Serm. in Old Eng. Misc. 36 Ne solde no man targi for to wende to godalmichti ne him to serui. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 350/177 Þo he [Askebert] targede a luyte þis luþere dede to done. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2363 War-to [= why] targe [MSS. 1400– tarie, tarye] we so long to quelle him atten ende? c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 7588 So weri thei ben and ouer-charged, Here socour foule fro hem targed. c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 1075 Fructifying wodes..Wherof sum fruit wol targe & sum wol hie. Derivatives † targing n. Obsolete ΚΠ a1330 Otuel 833 Þo wenten þei forþ wiþouten targing. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online September 2018). † targev.² Etymology: < targe n.¹, or < Old French targier , targer (13th cent. in Godefroy) to protect, defend (compare modern French targuer , < Italian targar(si) ), < targe : see targe n.¹ Obsolete. rare. transitive. To protect or defend as with a targe or shield; to shield. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] shieldc825 frithc893 werea900 i-schield971 berghOE biwerec1000 grithc1000 witec1000 keepc1175 burghena1225 ward?c1225 hilla1240 warrantc1275 witiec1275 forhilla1300 umshadea1300 defendc1325 fendc1330 to hold in or to warrantc1330 bielda1350 warisha1375 succoura1387 defencea1398 shrouda1400 umbeshadow14.. shelvec1425 targec1430 protect?1435 obumber?1440 thorn1483 warrantise1490 charea1500 safeguard1501 heild?a1513 shend1530 warrant1530 shadow1548 fence1577 safekeep1588 bucklera1593 counterguard1594 save1595 tara1612 target1611 screenc1613 pre-arm1615 custodite1657 shelter1667 to guard against1725 cushion1836 enshield1855 mind1924 buffer1958 c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) i. cxxviii. 68 This targe targede him as longe as he bar it with him. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. i. 2 Couenable to couure & targe the body of man agaynst the strokes of dartes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2021). targev.³ Forms: Also tairge, terge. Etymology: Origin and, hence also, the sense development uncertain. Jamieson and Eng. Dial. Dict. start with the sense ‘to beat, strike, thrash’, but quote no instances before 1833. (Latin tergere to rub, wipe, cleanse, correct, has been suggested.) The ‘soft’ g/dʒ/ suggests Romanic origin. Scottish. 1. transitive. To question closely, cross-examine. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > interrogation > question, interrogate [verb (transitive)] > cross-examine cross-examine1664 cross-question1760 targea1796 back-speir1796 cross-hackle1826 a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 219 I on the questions targe them tightly. 1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 213 Tairge them about it now..O' sic ane styk untill this day We never heard a cheep! 1869 A. Trollope Phineas Finn I. xxviii. 235 He..had on this occasion targed two or three commissariat officers very tightly with questions respecting cabbages and potatoes. 2. To keep in strict order, look after strictly. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > superintend overseec1330 overwaitc1449 overlook1532 supervise1566 superintend1596 supravise1604 supervise1653 superinspect1675 intend1791 targe1814 oversight1885 overseer1892 honcho1957 1814 W. Scott Waverley II. xix. 286 Callum Beg..discharging the obligation, by mounting guard over the hereditary tailor of Slioch nan Ivor; and, as he expressed himself, targed him tightly till the finishing of the job. View more context for this quotation 1868 A. Trollope Linda Tressel i. 13 Linda..was..targed more strictly in the reading of godly books. 3. To reprimand, scold loudly; to beat, thrash. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person to-beatc893 threshOE bustc1225 to lay on or upon?c1225 berrya1250 to-bunea1250 touchc1330 arrayc1380 byfrapc1380 boxc1390 swinga1400 forbeatc1420 peal?a1425 routa1425 noddlea1450 forslinger1481 wipe1523 trima1529 baste1533 waulk1533 slip1535 peppera1550 bethwack1555 kembc1566 to beat (a person) black and blue1568 beswinge1568 paik1568 trounce1568 canvass1573 swaddle?1577 bebaste1582 besoop1589 bumfeage1589 dry-beat1589 feague1589 lamback1589 clapperclaw1590 thrash1593 belam1595 lam1595 beswaddle1598 bumfeagle1598 belabour1600 tew1600 flesh-baste1611 dust1612 feeze1612 mill1612 verberate1614 bethumpa1616 rebuke1619 bemaul1620 tabor1624 maula1627 batterfang1630 dry-baste1630 lambaste1637 thunder-thump1637 cullis1639 dry-banga1640 nuddle1640 sauce1651 feak1652 cotton1654 fustigate1656 brush1665 squab1668 raddle1677 to tan (a person's) hide1679 slam1691 bebump1694 to give (a person) his load1694 fag1699 towel1705 to kick a person's butt1741 fum1790 devel1807 bray1808 to beat (also scare, etc.) someone's daylights out1813 mug1818 to knock (a person) into the middle of next week1821 welt1823 hidea1825 slate1825 targe1825 wallop1825 pounce1827 to lay into1838 flake1841 muzzle1843 paste1846 looder1850 frail1851 snake1859 fettle1863 to do over1866 jacket1875 to knock seven kinds of —— out of (a person)1877 to take apart1880 splatter1881 to beat (knock, etc.) the tar out of1884 to —— the shit out of (a person or thing)1886 to do up1887 to —— (the) hell out of1887 to beat — bells out of a person1890 soak1892 to punch out1893 stoush1893 to work over1903 to beat up1907 to punch up1907 cream1929 shellac1930 to —— the bejesus out of (a person or thing)1931 duff1943 clobber1944 to fill in1948 to bash up1954 to —— seven shades of —— out of (a person or thing)1976 to —— seven shades out of (a person or thing)1983 beast1990 becurry- fan- the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] > scold chidec1230 ban1340 tongue1388 rate1393 flite14.. rehetec1400 janglec1430 chafec1485 rattle1542 berate1548 quarrel1587 hazen?1608 bequarrel1624 huff1674 shrewa1687 to claw away, off1692 tongue-pad1707 to blow up1710 scold1718 rag1739 redd1776 bullyraga1790 jaw1810 targe1825 haze1829 overhaul1840 tongue-walk1841 trim1882 to call down1883 tongue-lash1887 roar1917 to go off at (a person)1941 chew1948 wrinch2009 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. To Targe, Tairge, to beat, to strike, Perths. 1833 J. S. Sands Poems 105 (E.D.D.) Targed him tightly till he fell. 1861 R. Quinn Heather Lintie (1866) 165 Targe him tichtly wha debases Frail human nature. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹1297n.²a1400n.³1887v.¹c1250v.²c1430v.³a1796
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targen.1

Compounds

† targen.2

targen.3

† targev.1