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单词 tamarind
释义

tamarindn.

/ˈtamərɪnd/
Forms: 1500s–1600s tamarinde, 1600s tamarynd, tamerind, thamarind, 1700s tamarinth, 1600s– tamarind; also 1500s (from Portuguese) tamarindo, plural tamarindos, 1500s–1600s (Italian) plural tamarindi, 1600s (from French) plural tamarines.
Etymology: = Spanish tamarindo, Portuguese tamarindo, Italian tamarindo, medieval Latin tamarindus, ultimately < Arabic tamr-hindī, i.e. date of India, whence in the early herbalists and physicians tamar indi, in Marco Polo (French version) tamarandi; in 13th cent. French tamarindes, plural (Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), modern French tamarin (15th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter).
1. The fruit of the tree Tamarindus indica (see 2), a brown pod containing one to twelve seeds embedded in a soft brown or reddish-black acid pulp, valued for its medicinal qualities, and also used in cookery as a relish, etc. In Commerce, Medicine, etc. tamarinds means this pulp.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > other fruits > [noun]
tamarind1539
zizypha1546
guava1555
tuna1555
turpentine1562
mango1582
mammee1587
durian1588
lychee1588
sapota1589
fritter1591
mangosteen1598
custard apple1648
longan1655
mammee sapota1657
mammee apple1683
breadfruit1697
coco-plum1699
rambutan1707
pawpaw1709
locust bean1731
sapodilla1750
cherimoya1758
wild lime1767
Otaheite apple1777
narra1779
langsat1783
rose apple1790
cinnamon apple1796
sapota plum1797
bhindi1809
salak1820
gingerbread plum1824
geebung1827
loquat1829
sapodilla plum1830
sage-apple1832
kangaroo-apple1834
karaka-fruit1834
quandong1836
mombin1837
terap1839
zapote1842
tamarind plum1846
prairie pea1848
Barbados-cherry1858
kei-apple1859
Natal plum1859
bullock's heart1866
guava-apple1866
Sierra Leone peach1866
Turkey fig1866
marula1877
scarlet banana1885
Suriname cherry1895
feijoa1898
pear apple1898
ume1918
pepino1922
Chinese gooseberry1925
num-num1926
acerola1954
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > specific fruits or nuts
laurel-bayc1450
tamarind1539
laurel-berry1561
pignon1604
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > tropical exotic fruit > other tropical or exotic fruits
tamarind1539
guava1555
genipat1568
jack1582
genipap1613
custard apple1648
star apple1693
sweet-sop1696
breadfruit1697
sugar-apple1739
sweet-apple1760
guarri1789
ackee1792
marmalade-box1796
five-corner1826
jakkalsbessie1854
Molucca berry1861
bullock's heart1866
guava-apple1866
vegetable egg1866
Jew plum1880
1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 60 Pourgers of choler... Tamarindes, halfe an ounce in a decoction.
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. xl. 94 They haue greate store of Ginger, Cardamomon, Tamarindos..and such lyke.
1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 185 The Tamarinds brought from the Indies.
1652 J. French York-shire Spaw ix. 82 Some Lenitive, as..Manna, Tamarines,..syrop of Roses.
1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 244 Tamarinds, cooling, astringent, yet laxative to the lower Belly.
1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 212 The Tamarind is a pod resembling a bean-cod, containing two, three, or four seeds.
1872 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. (new ed.) ii. 166 Tamarinds, as imported, are the pulp of the fruit of Tamarindus, preserved in syrup.
2. A large tree, Tamarindus indica, N.O. Leguminosæ, supposed to be a native of the East Indies, but now cultivated in warm climates generally, bearing dark-green pinnate leaves and racemes of fragrant yellow flowers streaked with red, and producing the fruit described in sense 1, also a hard and heavy timber.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > other tropical or exotic fruit-trees or -plants
tamarind1614
star apple1693
seven-year apple1731
wild mangosteen1753
peach1760
ackee1792
Java plum1829
abiu1834
jambu1834
jakkalsbessie1854
calabash-nutmeg1866
jambolan1866
Chinese gooseberry1925
1614 S. Purchas Pilgrimage (ed. 2) v. vii. 483 Ouer the said Temple grow many Tamarinds.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 126 A Grove of Mangoes and Thamarinds.
1744 J. Thomson Summer in Seasons (new ed.) 82 Lay me reclin'd Beneath the spreading Tamarind.
1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. xxxvi. 224 A table of tamarinth,..half the diameter of the tree which produced it.
1872 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. (new ed.) ii. 165 The streaked wood of the Tamarind..used in cabinet work.
3. Applied to various trees (or their fruits) which resemble the tamarind in some respect; e.g. in New South Wales and other parts of Australia, a species of Cupania; usually with defining words. bastard tamarind n. Acacia trichophylloides, of Jamaica (Miller Plant-n. 1884). black tamarind n. (also black-crown tamarind) , brown tamarind n., velvet tamarind n. a small leguminous tree, Codarium acutifolium or Dialium guineense: see quots. Manilla tamarind n. see quot. 18661. wild tamarind n. applied to various leguminous trees or shrubs, as, in the West Indies, Pithecolobium filicifolium; in Jamaica, Acacia arborea; in Trinidad, Pentaclethra filamentosa (Miller). yellow tamarind n. (of tropical America) Acacia villosa.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > names applied to various species of trees or shrubs > [noun] > pod-bearing
bean-tree1600
wild tamarind1833
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [noun] > trees bearing other edible pods, etc.
pacay1604
nitta1799
bunya1843
kamachili1866
Manilla tamarind1866
inga bean1886
jicama1909
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > African fruit-plants
mammee apple1683
num-num1770
guarri1789
pigeon plum1826
gingerbread tree1829
Guinea peach1829
kaffir orange1852
marula1857
kei-apple1859
Natal plum1859
klapper1863
Sierra Leone peach1866
velvet tamarind1866
Dingaan's apricot1868
wild orange1932
1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log I. vii. 183 Overshadowed by a magnificent wild tamarind.
1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. 280 The Tamarinds of Sierra Leone,..are species of Codarium.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 898/2 P[ithecolobium] dulce, a large tree native of the hot regions of Mexico..is now planted..in the Madras Presidency, where the fruit is known as Manilla Tamarinds.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 397/2 D[ialium] acutifolium, the Velvet Tamarind of Sierra Leone..The pod, about the size and form of a filbert, is covered with a beautiful black velvet down.
1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 332 Velvet Tamarind of Sierra Leone, Black Tamarind... The pulp surrounding the seeds is pleasantly acid and commonly eaten.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
tamarind-pod n.
ΚΠ
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1121/1 The tamarind-pods imported from the East Indies vary in length from three to six inches, and are slightly curved. They consist of a brittle brown shell, within which is a soft acid brown pulp, traversed by strong woody fibres.
tamarind-pot n.
ΚΠ
1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xii. 112 He knew the way to the tamarind-pots.
tamarind-pulp n.
ΚΠ
1836 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 4) Index Tamarind pulp, 1062.
tamarind-seed n.
tamarind-stone n.
ΚΠ
1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. iv. 163 The Hindus endeavoured to appease the cravings of nature with..bruised Tamarind stones, and the leaves of trees.
tamarind-tree n.
ΚΠ
1681 R. Knox Hist. Relation Ceylon iv. i. 118 [He] sat down under a Tamarind Tree.
1825 Hone's Every-day Bk. I. 678 According to some botanists, the tamarind-tree enfolds within its leaves the flowers or fruit every night.
C2.
tamarind-fish n. a relish made from various kinds of Indian fish preserved with the acid pulp of the tamarind fruit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > relish > [noun] > fish paste
alec?1527
caviar1591
bottarga1598
anchovy butter1806
paste1817
tamarind-fish1858
beluga1883
taramosalata1910
fish paste1920
sevruga1959
surimi1973
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Tamarind-fish.
1865 F. Day Fishes Malabar Introd. 9 The best Tamarind fish is prepared from the Seir fish and from the Lates calcarifer.
tamarind-palmetto n. Obsolete some species of palmetto.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > palm trees > [noun] > palmetto trees or fan-palms
palmite1555
palmetto1582
palmetto tree1582
talipot1681
tamarind-palmetto1698
Chamaerops1766
eta palm1769
cabbage palm tree1773
palmetto bush1784
swamp-cabbage1792
cabbage tree1796
saw palmetto1797
latania1799
hat palm1812
gebang1817
coco de mer?1820
itaa1832
cabbage palm1847
miriti1853
latania1856
moriche1860
broom-palm1866
ilala1868
licuala1872
fan-plant1884
tiger-grass1884
buri1890
latanier1929
Washingtonia1945
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 16 [The island of Johanna] The outwart Coat of which is embroidered with Thamarind Palmetto.
tamarind plum n. a leguminous East Indian tree, Dialium indicum, or its fruit: see quots.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > other fruits > [noun]
tamarind1539
zizypha1546
guava1555
tuna1555
turpentine1562
mango1582
mammee1587
durian1588
lychee1588
sapota1589
fritter1591
mangosteen1598
custard apple1648
longan1655
mammee sapota1657
mammee apple1683
breadfruit1697
coco-plum1699
rambutan1707
pawpaw1709
locust bean1731
sapodilla1750
cherimoya1758
wild lime1767
Otaheite apple1777
narra1779
langsat1783
rose apple1790
cinnamon apple1796
sapota plum1797
bhindi1809
salak1820
gingerbread plum1824
geebung1827
loquat1829
sapodilla plum1830
sage-apple1832
kangaroo-apple1834
karaka-fruit1834
quandong1836
mombin1837
terap1839
zapote1842
tamarind plum1846
prairie pea1848
Barbados-cherry1858
kei-apple1859
Natal plum1859
bullock's heart1866
guava-apple1866
Sierra Leone peach1866
Turkey fig1866
marula1877
scarlet banana1885
Suriname cherry1895
feijoa1898
pear apple1898
ume1918
pepino1922
Chinese gooseberry1925
num-num1926
acerola1954
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > of Asian or South Pacific > other Asian fruit-plants
tallow-tree1704
mangosteen1734
langsat1783
cucumber-tree1784
rambai1811
salak1820
wampee1830
tamarind plum1846
jackfruit1847
ivi1862
longan1866
Tahiti chestnut1884
mape1888
calamondin1890
1846 J. Lindley Veg. Kingdom 549 Dialium indicum, also called the Tamarind Plum.
1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. 280 Besides the Tamarind, other fruits, less acid, are eaten, as the Tamarind Plum.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 397 The Tamarind Plum of the East Indies, D[ialium] indum, has a delicious pulp resembling that of the Tamarind, but not quite so acid.
tamarind tea n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > infused leaves, flowers, or fruit > [noun] > others
coltsfoota1627
sage tea?1706
pippin tea1709
lemon-tea1725
foltron1748
camomile-tea1753
sassafras tea1783
spruce tea1783
mountain tea1785
cow-slip tea1796
miserable1842
peppermint tea1844
violet tea1853
Swiss tea1860
coffee-tea1866
Jesuits' tea1866
St. Helena tea1875
cotton-leaf tea1881
tamarind watera1883
tamarind tea1883
mullein tea1887
rosehip tea1947
1883 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 283/1 Tamarind tea is made by infusing tamarinds in boiling water.
tamarind water n. an infusion of tamarinds, used as a cooling drink.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > infused leaves, flowers, or fruit > [noun] > others
coltsfoota1627
sage tea?1706
pippin tea1709
lemon-tea1725
foltron1748
camomile-tea1753
sassafras tea1783
spruce tea1783
mountain tea1785
cow-slip tea1796
miserable1842
peppermint tea1844
violet tea1853
Swiss tea1860
coffee-tea1866
Jesuits' tea1866
St. Helena tea1875
cotton-leaf tea1881
tamarind watera1883
tamarind tea1883
mullein tea1887
rosehip tea1947
a1883 C. H. Fagge Princ. & Pract. Med. (1886) I. 150 For beverages he may be allowed to choose among barley-water, toast-and-water, lemonade, tamarind-water,..and cold weak tea.
tamarind-whey n. see quot.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > milk drinks > [noun]
rice milk1620
whig1684
leban1695
saloop1728
sack-whey1736
celery whey1761
mustard whey1769
wine whey1769
Scotch chocolate1785
whey-whig1811
chocolate milk1819
horchata1859
tamarind-whey1883
milk shake1886
Horlick1891
lassi1894
Ovaltine1906
shake1909
malt1942
malted1945
1883 Chambers's Encycl. IX. 283/1 Tamarind whey is prepared by boiling one ounce of tamarinds with a pint of new milk, and straining.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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