tawn.¹

Brit.

/taʊ/,

/tav/, U.S.

/taʊ/,

/tæv/

Forms: Middle English– tau, 1500s–1700s thau, 1800s– taf, 1800s– tav, 1800s– taw.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Hebrew. Partly a borrowing from Phoenician. Partly a borrowing from Aramaic. Etymons: Latin tau; Hebrew tāw; Phoenician tw; Aramaic tāw.

Etymology: Partly < (i) classical Latin tau tau n. in its specific post-classical Latin use as the name of the final letter of the Hebrew alphabet (4th cent.), and its etymon (ii) Hebrew tāw, partly < their ulterior etymon (iii) Phoenician tw (probably tāw ), and partly (in quots. 1976¹, 1991) < (iv) Aramaic tāw (see further at T n.).In quots. c1400, 1838 with allusion to Ezekiel 9:4; compare discussion at tau n. In form taf partly reflecting Yiddish tof, variant (in Ashkenazic pronunciation, with regular final devoicing) of the letter name, and partly (in later use) reflecting a modern colloquial Israeli pronunciation of the Hebrew letter name.

(The name of) the final letter of the Hebrew alphabet (ת); (also) the corresponding letter in various ancient Semitic alphabets. Cf. tau n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > letter

staffc888

bookstaffOE

Kc1000

Yc1000

Zc1000

AOE

EOE

GOE

MOE

ROE

letterc1225

print1340

tawc1400

Wc1465

J1591

stave1866

alphabet1972

X-

c1400 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Lamb. 25) (1850) Ezek. ix. 4 Gloss. Tau; is the laste lettre in abse of Hebru, and is the first letter of this worde thora, that betokneth the lawe.

1556 tr. A. Mainardi Anatomi ii. f. 32 The first letter of this canon shuld be T. which in hebrew is called Tau.

1599 tr. A. Munday Treat. Vertue of Crosse sig. C. 5^v As the same Saint Hierome writeth: Some haue saide, that by the letter Thau, which is the last of the Hebrew Alphabet, is signified such as haue perfect knowledge.

1634 C. Butler Eng. Gram. (new ed.) sig. *^﹡^v Six peculiar [Ch]aracters..expres ðe same..under ðese names [Dhaleth, Thau, Ghimel, Khaph, Phe, Shin].

1684 N. S. tr. R. Simon Crit. Enq. Editions Bible xi. 88 Rabbi Azarias sets down in his Alphabet two sorts of this Letter Tau, one of which resembles the form of a Cross.

1786 R. P. Knight Acct. Worship of Priapus 162 The first [Phœnician] letter of the last word is not a Teth, but a Thau, or aspirated T.

1821 M. Stuart Hebrew Gram. 78 Nun before Tav, at the end of a word, frequently falls out in this way.

1838 S. Jackson tr. F. W. Krummacher Elisha ix. 199 Set a mark upon them..a Tau, the last letter of the Hebrew alphabet, upon their foreheads.

1868 S. Leathes Short Pract. Hebrew Gram. i. 4 Some Hebrew letters, as Beyth, Pe' and Taw, have two sounds and therefore stand for two or more letters in English.

1883 I. Taylor Alphabet I. 239 The letters he, lamed, and tau are almost the same in the Siloam inscription as on the Moabite stone, which is older by a century and a half.

1901 M. Gaster Hebrew Illuminated Bibles 14 The left foot of the Taw has a similar form.

1937 Jrnl. Bible & Relig. 5 56/2 It requires some effort to associate the Hebrew consonants nun, tau, and nun..with the English meaning of ‘giving’ or ‘placing’.

1976 J. Hoftijzer & G. Van der Kooij Aramaic Texts from Deir ʽAlla 167 The upper sign is a res.., the lower possibly a taw.

1976 Israel Studies in Criminology 3 146 In the following table you find the numerical equivalent of letters in the Hebrew alphabet... Resh, Gimel, Taf, Shin.

1991 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 111 654/1 The old Aramaic fricative t is reflected at times..by the letter tav with a diacritic point on top.

2003 Vigiliae Christianae 57 134 In ancient Hebrew script and even in the first century CE a Hebrew taw looked like two crossed lines, either like + or like X.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† tawn.²

Etymology: < taw v.¹

Obsolete. rare.

1. Tawed leather; white leather.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > [noun] > tanned leather > specific

leatherc1230

whitleather1384

tawc1562

Turkey leather1655

Turkey1715

chrome leather1882

chrome-tanned leather1882

c1562 in J. T. Gilbert Calr. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1891) II. 23 Gloves, purses, whit tawe and suche like wurke apperteyninge to thoccupacion of glover.

2. A thong, whip, lash.Perhaps a different word; apparently the singular of taws n. (which is evidenced much earlier).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > instrument or place of corporal punishment > [noun] > whip or scourge

swepea700

scourgea1225

whipc1325

swaipa1400

flagellec1430

flail?a1475

foueta1492

scorpion1541

lash1577

sot1588

thong1592

chawbuck1698

knout1716

taw1787

flagellum1807

1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Taw, a whip. N.

1853 W. Watson Poems 28 (E.D.D.) The nippy taw Comes whiskin' whiles athort us a'.

1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Taw,..(pl.). A whip or instrument of punishment used by a schoolmaster.]

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

tawn.³

Brit.

/tɔː/, U.S.

/tɔ/,

/tɑ/

Forms: Also 1700s tau, 1800s tor.

Etymology: Origin unascertained, and order of senses uncertain: perhaps, like alley , alley n.², an abbreviation.

1. A large choice or fancy marble, often streaked or variegated, being that with which the player shoots.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > marbles > [noun] > marble

marble1681

marble ball1681

taw1709

marvela1734

marl1860

marley1887

tolley1970

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 30. ⁋1 He is hiding or hoarding his Taws and Marbles.

a1761 J. Cawthorn Poems (1771) 190 He minded but his top, or taw.

1807 S. T. Coleridge Own Times III. 953 While he was playing at marbles, would quarrel with the taws and alays in his mouth, because had understood it was the way Demosthenes learnt to splutter.

1833 J. A. Paris Philos. in Sport x. 171 Why, your taw is a brown marble, and your ally, if I rightly remember, a very white one, is it not so?

1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxiii. 358 After enquiring whether he had won any alley tors or commoneys lately.

1843 W. M. Thackeray Irish Sketch-bk. II. ix. 128 Large agate marbles or ‘taws’.

a1845 T. Hood Ode Clapham Acad. xiv Five who stoop The marble taw to speed.

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. iii. 67 His small private box was full of peg-tops, white marbles (called ‘alley-taws’ in the Vale), [etc.].

1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. v. 179 A still greater favourite is shooting a ‘taw’, which requires no small dexterity.

2. transferred. A game played with such marbles.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > marbles > [noun] > type of game

taw1709

chock1819

ring taw1828

knucks1840

spannims1847

three-holes1853

knuckle-down1859

bonce1862

spanners1881

stonk1896

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 112. ⁋3 A Game of Marbles, not unlike our modern Taw.

1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 307 To kneel and draw The chalky ring, and knuckle down at taw .

1798 Sporting Mag. 12 169 At cricket, taw, and prison-bars, He bore away the bell.

1840 W. M. Thackeray Paris Sketch Bk. I. 93 I would lay a wager that..their school learning carried them..only to the game of taw.

3. The line from which the players shoot in playing the game. Hence in phrases: see quots.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > marbles > [noun] > line from which players shoot

taw1735

bye1841

1735 W. Pardon Dyche's New Gen. Eng. Dict. at Knuckle A Play called Taw, wherein they frequently say, Knuckle down to your Taw, or fit your Hand exactly in the Place where your Marble lies.

1840 Spirit of Times 7 Mar. 6 We have understood that Boston..will be en route for the stable..at Columbia, South Carolina—that is, if Wagner ‘comes to taw’.

1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 330 ‘Shoot from taw’. ‘You don't stand at taw’... ‘If you don't do so and so I'll bring you to taw’.

1868 in Amer. Speech (1965) 40 132 He smiles at all the girls he meets, And you smile at him on the crowded streets, Why don't you make him ‘come to taw’, I know he wants a mother-in-law.

1881 S. Evans Evans's Leicestershire Words (new ed.) (at cited word) A ring is scratched on the ground, and at some distance from it a straight line called taw.

1881 S. Evans Evans's Leicestershire Words (new ed.) (at cited word) We thus get the phrases..‘come up to scratch’ and ‘come up to taw’.

1904 W. N. Harben Georgians xxxii. 292 His wife's a bully woman; she fetched 'im to taw.

1934 D. Runyon in Collier's 3 Mar. 41/1 Georges takes a wonderful liking to Princess O'Hara right from taw.

1935 H. L. Davis Honey in Horn ix. 113 The only way Mrs. Yarbro could tell anything was to start from taw.

1956 Coast to Coast 183 Starting off from taws with a big load to carry.

1969 Sunday Truth (Brisbane) 5 Oct. 14/4 Without a share of overseas star shows, Seven has been battling from taws, but..is..getting stuck into the other networks with a ‘super-specials’ policy change.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† tawn.⁴

Etymology: Derivation unascertained.

Obsolete. rare.

A rootlet, a fibre of a root.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > root > [noun] > rootlet, fibre, or subsidiary root

string1398

by-root1578

fillet1601

taw1615

tapon1641

fibre1656

fang1664

fibril1664

rootlinga1706

lateral root1724

rootlet1783

radicle1793

radicel1819

viver1877

branch-root1884

sprangle1896

thong1927

1615 W. Lawson Country Housewifes Garden (1626) 16 Though they get some hold in the earth with some lesser taw, or tawes, which giue some nourishment to the body of the tree.

1615 W. Lawson Country Housewifes Garden (1626) 24 To dresse the roots of trees, to take away the tawes, and tangles, that lap and fret and grow superfluously.

1670 J. Smith England's Improvem. Reviv'd 58 A Plant by its Roots and Tawes, or Fibres, sucks in the Juice of the Earth.

1765 Museum Rusticum 5 117 Its root..is round, and thick set with taws.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

tawv.¹

Brit.

/tɔː/, U.S.

/tɔ/,

/tɑ/

Forms: Old English tawian, Middle English ( Orm.) tawwenn, Middle English tauwen, Middle English–1500s tawe, 1500s– taw.

Etymology: Old English tawian = Middle Low German, Middle Dutch, Dutch touwen, Low German tauen, töwwen to prepare (leather), to tan, to curry, Old High German zawjan, zowjan (Middle High German zouwen, zöuwen) to prepare, make, Gothic taujan to do, make < Old Germanic *tawôjan and *tawjan; from a stem taw-, tôw-, not certainly found in pre-Germanic.

1. transitive. To make ready, prepare, or dress (some raw material) for use, or for further manipulation; e.g. to soften (hides) by beating, to heckle (hemp), etc.; †in early use, to till (land).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] > for use > material

tawa900

defyc1380

work1440

suborn1541

to work up1591

a900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iv. xxix. 366 Þa bæd se Godes man þæt him man isern geloman mid hwæte ðyder brohte þæt land mid to tawienne.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15903 All swa summ þe nowwt i ploh. Þe turrnenn erþe & tawwenn.

1545 Rates Custome House sig. cv Sylke tawe [d] & died the pounde viii.s.

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. ix. 193 He..taweth the skinne betwixte his handes, vntill it become very souple and soft.

1628 Robin Goodfellow ii. (1841) 28 And whilst that they did nimbly spin, The hempe he needs must taw.

1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs Pref. 7 Being tawed open by wedge after wedge.

1861 Jrnl. Brit. Archæol. Assoc. Mar. 20 A slick-stone for tawing or softening hides by friction.

2. spec. To make (skins) into leather by steeping them, after suitable preparation, in a solution of alum and salt; the product is white and pliant, and is known as alum, white, or Hungarian leather.In early quots., not separable from sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with skins > work with skins [verb (transitive)] > convert to leather

taw?c1225

tewc1330

barkc1430

tanc1440

sumac1792

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 307 Bute hit [sc. ower cloðes] beo unorne. warm & wel iwracht felles wel itauwet.

a1300 Sat. People Kildare ix, in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 154 Daþeit þe sotter þat tawiþ ȝure leþir.

a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) vi Þe furrure..is not feyre; and also it stynketh euer, but if hit be wele ytawede.

1474 Coventry Leet Bk. 401 The sise of a whittawer is that he make nor tawe no maner of lether but Shepes lether, Gettes lethir, deris ledur, horse-lethir, or houndes-lether.

1560 Let. 5 May in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1598) I. 307 If you send 100 of them [sc. seal skins] tawed with the haire on, they will bee solde, or else not.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 57 The hides..being tawed and wrought artificially they make garmentes of them.

a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Captaine iii. iii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Hh2/1 Yes, if they taw him as they do whit-leather Upon an iron.

1711 London Gaz. No. 4862/4 Mills..where they shall Tan, Taw or Dress..any such Hides.

1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Tawing, a process of tanning in which mineral agents are substituted for vegetable extracts.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 88/1 Carefully-prepared goat-skin, tanned, tawed, dyed, and grained.

†3.

a. figurative. To treat (a person) abusively or with contumely; to vex, torment; to harass, afflict; to abuse, outrage, profane. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)]

tawc893

ermec897

swencheOE

besetOE

bestandc1000

teenOE

baitc1175

grieve?c1225

war?c1225

noyc1300

pursuec1300

travailc1300

to work (also do) annoyc1300

tribula1325

worka1325

to hold wakenc1330

chase1340

twistc1374

wrap1380

cumbera1400

harrya1400

vexc1410

encumber1413

inquiet1413

molest?a1425

course1466

persecutec1475

trouble1489

sturt1513

hare1523

hag1525

hale1530

exercise1531

to grate on or upon1532

to hold or keep waking1533

infest1533

scourge1540

molestate1543

pinch1548

trounce1551

to shake upa1556

tire1558

moila1560

pester1566

importune1578

hunt1583

moider1587

bebait1589

commacerate1596

bepester1600

ferret1600

harsell1603

hurry1611

gall1614

betoil1622

weary1633

tribulatea1637

harass1656

dun1659

overharry1665

worry1671

haul1678

to plague the life out of1746

badger1782

hatchel1800

worry1811

bedevil1823

devil1823

victimize1830

frab1848

mither1848

to pester the life out of1848

haik1855

beplague1870

chevy1872

obsede1876

to get on ——1880

to load up with1880

tail-twist1898

hassle1901

heckle1920

snooter1923

hassle1945

to breathe down (the back of) (someone's) neck1946

to bust (a person's) chops1953

noodge1960

monster1967

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > ill-treat [verb (transitive)]

tuckc888

tawc893

misbedeOE

graithc1330

to fare fair or foul with1340

misusea1382

outrayc1390

beshrewc1430

huspelc1440

misentreat1450

mistreat1453

abuse?1473

to mayne evil1481

demean1483

to put (a person) to villainya1513

harry1530

mishandle1530

touse1531

misorder1550

worrya1556

yark1565

mumble1588

buse1589

crow-tread1593

disabuse1607

maltreat1681

squeeze1691

ill-treat1794

punish1801

tousle1826

ill-use1841

razoo1890

mess1896

to play horse with1896

to bugger about1921

slug1925

to give (a person) the works1927

to kick about or around1938

mess1963

c893 tr. Orosius Hist. iv. i. §1 Þa þe þær gefongne wæron, hie tawedan mid þære mæstan unieðnesse.

c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints (1890) II. 102 Forðan ðe he godes templ tawode to bysmore.

c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 486 And se deofol eow tawode þurh his drymen.

a1023 Wulfstan Homilies xxxiii. 162 [Hi] scendað and tawjað to bysmore þæs þegnes cwenan and hwilum his dohtor.

a1400 Minor Poems from Vernon MS liv. 76 To a piler I was I-piht, Togget and tauwed al þe niht.

1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Gij To be briefe, they are not tawed nor plucked asunder with a thousand thousand cares.

b. To whip, flog, thrash. Obsolete exc. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > beat

threshOE

beatc1000

to lay on?c1225

chastise1362

rapa1400

dressc1405

lack?c1475

paya1500

currya1529

coil1530

cuff1530

baste1533

thwack1533

lick1535

firka1566

trounce1568

fight1570

course1585

bumfeage1589

feague1589

lamback1589

lambskin1589

tickle1592

thrash1593

lam1595

bumfeagle1598

comb1600

fer1600

linge1600

taw1600

tew1600

thrum1604

feeze1612

verberate1614

fly-flap1620

tabor1624

lambaste1637

feak1652

flog1676

to tan (a person's) hide1679

slipper1682

liquora1689

curry-comb1708

whack1721

rump1735

screenge1787

whale1790

lather1797

tat1819

tease1819

larrup1823

warm1824

haze1825

to put (a person) through a course of sprouts1839

flake1841

swish1856

hide1875

triangle1879

to give (a person or thing) gyp1887

soak1892

to loosen (a person's) hide1902

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. viii. 301 He caused him to be stripped naked, and whipping cheare to be presented unto him. The poore stripling thus pitteously tawed and torn, ran forth into the open street.

1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre iv. v. 64 in Wks. II You know where you were taw'd lately, both lash'd, and slash'd you were in Bridewell.

1682 T. D'Urfey Butler's Ghost 43 Truss'd on her Knee she'd briskly taw him, And, like Virago, clapperclaw him.

1863 G. A. Sala Capt. Dangerous viii I grew sick of being tawed for offences I had never committed.

1883 R. Cleland Inchbracken xvi. 126 I would have her tawed through the town at the cart's tail.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

tawv.²

Brit.

/tɔː/, U.S.

/tɔ/,

/tɑ/

Etymology: < taw n.³

Chiefly dialect.

intransitive. To shoot or aim with a taw or marble.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > marbles > children's ball games [verb (intransitive)] > actions

knuckle1735

taw1863

1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. You don't taw fairly.

1883 T. Lees Easther's Gloss. Dial. Almondbury & Huddersfield at Hundreds When..the one who is on for his pizings manages to taw into the hole, the game is concluded.

1898 A. B. Gomme Trad. Games II. 113 If one player knocks out a marble, he is entitled to ‘taw’ at the rest in the ring until he misses; and if a sure ‘tawer’ not one of the others may have the chance to taw.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹c1400

n.²c1562

n.³1709

n.⁴1615

v.¹c893

v.²1863

单词	taw
释义	tawn.¹ Brit. /taʊ/, /tav/, U.S. /taʊ/, /tæv/ Forms: Middle English– tau, 1500s–1700s thau, 1800s– taf, 1800s– tav, 1800s– taw. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Hebrew. Partly a borrowing from Phoenician. Partly a borrowing from Aramaic. Etymons: Latin tau; Hebrew tāw; Phoenician tw; Aramaic tāw. Etymology: Partly < (i) classical Latin tau tau n. in its specific post-classical Latin use as the name of the final letter of the Hebrew alphabet (4th cent.), and its etymon (ii) Hebrew tāw, partly < their ulterior etymon (iii) Phoenician tw (probably tāw ), and partly (in quots. 1976¹, 1991) < (iv) Aramaic tāw (see further at T n.).In quots. c1400, 1838 with allusion to Ezekiel 9:4; compare discussion at tau n. In form taf partly reflecting Yiddish tof, variant (in Ashkenazic pronunciation, with regular final devoicing) of the letter name, and partly (in later use) reflecting a modern colloquial Israeli pronunciation of the Hebrew letter name. (The name of) the final letter of the Hebrew alphabet (ת); (also) the corresponding letter in various ancient Semitic alphabets. Cf. tau n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written character > [noun] > letter staffc888 bookstaffOE Kc1000 Yc1000 Zc1000 AOE EOE GOE MOE ROE letterc1225 print1340 tawc1400 Wc1465 J1591 stave1866 alphabet1972 X- c1400 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Lamb. 25) (1850) Ezek. ix. 4 Gloss. Tau; is the laste lettre in abse of Hebru, and is the first letter of this worde thora, that betokneth the lawe. 1556 tr. A. Mainardi Anatomi ii. f. 32 The first letter of this canon shuld be T. which in hebrew is called Tau. 1599 tr. A. Munday Treat. Vertue of Crosse sig. C. 5^v As the same Saint Hierome writeth: Some haue saide, that by the letter Thau, which is the last of the Hebrew Alphabet, is signified such as haue perfect knowledge. 1634 C. Butler Eng. Gram. (new ed.) sig. ^﹡^v Six peculiar [Ch]aracters..expres ðe same..under ðese names [Dhaleth, Thau, Ghimel, Khaph, Phe, Shin]. 1684 N. S. tr. R. Simon Crit. Enq. Editions Bible* xi. 88 Rabbi Azarias sets down in his Alphabet two sorts of this Letter Tau, one of which resembles the form of a Cross. 1786 R. P. Knight Acct. Worship of Priapus 162 The first [Phœnician] letter of the last word is not a Teth, but a Thau, or aspirated T. 1821 M. Stuart Hebrew Gram. 78 Nun before Tav, at the end of a word, frequently falls out in this way. 1838 S. Jackson tr. F. W. Krummacher Elisha ix. 199 Set a mark upon them..a Tau, the last letter of the Hebrew alphabet, upon their foreheads. 1868 S. Leathes Short Pract. Hebrew Gram. i. 4 Some Hebrew letters, as Beyth, Pe' and Taw, have two sounds and therefore stand for two or more letters in English. 1883 I. Taylor Alphabet I. 239 The letters he, lamed, and tau are almost the same in the Siloam inscription as on the Moabite stone, which is older by a century and a half. 1901 M. Gaster Hebrew Illuminated Bibles 14 The left foot of the Taw has a similar form. 1937 Jrnl. Bible & Relig. 5 56/2 It requires some effort to associate the Hebrew consonants nun, tau, and nun..with the English meaning of ‘giving’ or ‘placing’. 1976 J. Hoftijzer & G. Van der Kooij Aramaic Texts from Deir ʽAlla 167 The upper sign is a res.., the lower possibly a taw. 1976 Israel Studies in Criminology 3 146 In the following table you find the numerical equivalent of letters in the Hebrew alphabet... Resh, Gimel, Taf, Shin. 1991 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 111 654/1 The old Aramaic fricative t is reflected at times..by the letter tav with a diacritic point on top. 2003 Vigiliae Christianae 57 134 In ancient Hebrew script and even in the first century CE a Hebrew taw looked like two crossed lines, either like + or like X. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † tawn.² Etymology: < taw v.¹ Obsolete. rare. 1. Tawed leather; white leather. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > [noun] > tanned leather > specific leatherc1230 whitleather1384 tawc1562 Turkey leather1655 Turkey1715 chrome leather1882 chrome-tanned leather1882 c1562 in J. T. Gilbert Calr. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1891) II. 23 Gloves, purses, whit tawe and suche like wurke apperteyninge to thoccupacion of glover. 2. A thong, whip, lash.Perhaps a different word; apparently the singular of taws n. (which is evidenced much earlier). ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > instrument or place of corporal punishment > [noun] > whip or scourge swepea700 scourgea1225 whipc1325 swaipa1400 flagellec1430 flail?a1475 foueta1492 scorpion1541 lash1577 sot1588 thong1592 chawbuck1698 knout1716 taw1787 flagellum1807 1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Taw, a whip. N. 1853 W. Watson Poems 28 (E.D.D.) The nippy taw Comes whiskin' whiles athort us a'. 1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Taw,..(pl.). A whip or instrument of punishment used by a schoolmaster.] This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). tawn.³ Brit. /tɔː/, U.S. /tɔ/, /tɑ/ Forms: Also 1700s tau, 1800s tor. Etymology: Origin unascertained, and order of senses uncertain: perhaps, like alley , alley n.², an abbreviation. 1. A large choice or fancy marble, often streaked or variegated, being that with which the player shoots. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > marbles > [noun] > marble marble1681 marble ball1681 taw1709 marvela1734 marl1860 marley1887 tolley1970 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 30. ⁋1 He is hiding or hoarding his Taws and Marbles. a1761 J. Cawthorn Poems (1771) 190 He minded but his top, or taw. 1807 S. T. Coleridge Own Times III. 953 While he was playing at marbles, would quarrel with the taws and alays in his mouth, because had understood it was the way Demosthenes learnt to splutter. 1833 J. A. Paris Philos. in Sport x. 171 Why, your taw is a brown marble, and your ally, if I rightly remember, a very white one, is it not so? 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxiii. 358 After enquiring whether he had won any alley tors or commoneys lately. 1843 W. M. Thackeray Irish Sketch-bk. II. ix. 128 Large agate marbles or ‘taws’. a1845 T. Hood Ode Clapham Acad. xiv Five who stoop The marble taw to speed. 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. iii. 67 His small private box was full of peg-tops, white marbles (called ‘alley-taws’ in the Vale), [etc.]. 1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. v. 179 A still greater favourite is shooting a ‘taw’, which requires no small dexterity. 2. transferred. A game played with such marbles. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > marbles > [noun] > type of game taw1709 chock1819 ring taw1828 knucks1840 spannims1847 three-holes1853 knuckle-down1859 bonce1862 spanners1881 stonk1896 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 112. ⁋3 A Game of Marbles, not unlike our modern Taw. 1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 307 To kneel and draw The chalky ring, and knuckle down at taw . View more context for this quotation 1798 Sporting Mag. 12 169 At cricket, taw, and prison-bars, He bore away the bell. 1840 W. M. Thackeray Paris Sketch Bk. I. 93 I would lay a wager that..their school learning carried them..only to the game of taw. 3. The line from which the players shoot in playing the game. Hence in phrases: see quots. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > marbles > [noun] > line from which players shoot taw1735 bye1841 1735 W. Pardon Dyche's New Gen. Eng. Dict. at Knuckle A Play called Taw, wherein they frequently say, Knuckle down to your Taw, or fit your Hand exactly in the Place where your Marble lies. 1840 Spirit of Times 7 Mar. 6 We have understood that Boston..will be en route for the stable..at Columbia, South Carolina—that is, if Wagner ‘comes to taw’. 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 330 ‘Shoot from taw’. ‘You don't stand at taw’... ‘If you don't do so and so I'll bring you to taw’. 1868 in Amer. Speech (1965) 40 132 He smiles at all the girls he meets, And you smile at him on the crowded streets, Why don't you make him ‘come to taw’, I know he wants a mother-in-law. 1881 S. Evans Evans's Leicestershire Words (new ed.) (at cited word) A ring is scratched on the ground, and at some distance from it a straight line called taw. 1881 S. Evans Evans's Leicestershire Words (new ed.) (at cited word) We thus get the phrases..‘come up to scratch’ and ‘come up to taw’. 1904 W. N. Harben Georgians xxxii. 292 His wife's a bully woman; she fetched 'im to taw. 1934 D. Runyon in Collier's 3 Mar. 41/1 Georges takes a wonderful liking to Princess O'Hara right from taw. 1935 H. L. Davis Honey in Horn ix. 113 The only way Mrs. Yarbro could tell anything was to start from taw. 1956 Coast to Coast 183 Starting off from taws with a big load to carry. 1969 Sunday Truth (Brisbane) 5 Oct. 14/4 Without a share of overseas star shows, Seven has been battling from taws, but..is..getting stuck into the other networks with a ‘super-specials’ policy change. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † tawn.⁴ Etymology: Derivation unascertained. Obsolete. rare. A rootlet, a fibre of a root. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > root > [noun] > rootlet, fibre, or subsidiary root string1398 by-root1578 fillet1601 taw1615 tapon1641 fibre1656 fang1664 fibril1664 rootlinga1706 lateral root1724 rootlet1783 radicle1793 radicel1819 viver1877 branch-root1884 sprangle1896 thong1927 1615 W. Lawson Country Housewifes Garden (1626) 16 Though they get some hold in the earth with some lesser taw, or tawes, which giue some nourishment to the body of the tree. 1615 W. Lawson Country Housewifes Garden (1626) 24 To dresse the roots of trees, to take away the tawes, and tangles, that lap and fret and grow superfluously. 1670 J. Smith England's Improvem. Reviv'd 58 A Plant by its Roots and Tawes, or Fibres, sucks in the Juice of the Earth. 1765 Museum Rusticum 5 117 Its root..is round, and thick set with taws. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2021). tawv.¹ Brit. /tɔː/, U.S. /tɔ/, /tɑ/ Forms: Old English tawian, Middle English ( Orm.) tawwenn, Middle English tauwen, Middle English–1500s tawe, 1500s– taw. Etymology: Old English tawian = Middle Low German, Middle Dutch, Dutch touwen, Low German tauen, töwwen to prepare (leather), to tan, to curry, Old High German zawjan, zowjan (Middle High German zouwen, zöuwen) to prepare, make, Gothic taujan to do, make < Old Germanic tawôjan and tawjan; from a stem taw-, tôw-, not certainly found in pre-Germanic. 1. transitive. To make ready, prepare, or dress (some raw material) for use, or for further manipulation; e.g. to soften (hides) by beating, to heckle (hemp), etc.; †in early use, to till (land). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] > for use > material tawa900 defyc1380 work1440 suborn1541 to work up1591 a900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iv. xxix. 366 Þa bæd se Godes man þæt him man isern geloman mid hwæte ðyder brohte þæt land mid to tawienne. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15903 All swa summ þe nowwt i ploh. Þe turrnenn erþe & tawwenn. 1545 Rates Custome House sig. cv Sylke tawe [d] & died the pounde viii.s. 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. ix. 193 He..taweth the skinne betwixte his handes, vntill it become very souple and soft. 1628 Robin Goodfellow ii. (1841) 28 And whilst that they did nimbly spin, The hempe he needs must taw. 1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs Pref. 7 Being tawed open by wedge after wedge. 1861 Jrnl. Brit. Archæol. Assoc. Mar. 20 A slick-stone for tawing or softening hides by friction. 2. spec. To make (skins) into leather by steeping them, after suitable preparation, in a solution of alum and salt; the product is white and pliant, and is known as alum, white, or Hungarian leather.In early quots., not separable from sense 1. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with skins > work with skins [verb (transitive)] > convert to leather taw?c1225 tewc1330 barkc1430 tanc1440 sumac1792 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 307 Bute hit [sc. ower cloðes] beo unorne. warm & wel iwracht felles wel itauwet. a1300 Sat. People Kildare ix, in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 154 Daþeit þe sotter þat tawiþ ȝure leþir. a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) vi Þe furrure..is not feyre; and also it stynketh euer, but if hit be wele ytawede. 1474 Coventry Leet Bk. 401 The sise of a whittawer is that he make nor tawe no maner of lether but Shepes lether, Gettes lethir, deris ledur, horse-lethir, or houndes-lether. 1560 Let. 5 May in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1598) I. 307 If you send 100 of them [sc. seal skins] tawed with the haire on, they will bee solde, or else not. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 57 The hides..being tawed and wrought artificially they make garmentes of them. a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Captaine iii. iii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Hh2/1 Yes, if they taw him as they do whit-leather Upon an iron. 1711 London Gaz. No. 4862/4 Mills..where they shall Tan, Taw or Dress..any such Hides. 1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Tawing, a process of tanning in which mineral agents are substituted for vegetable extracts. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 88/1 Carefully-prepared goat-skin, tanned, tawed, dyed, and grained. †3. a. figurative. To treat (a person) abusively or with contumely; to vex, torment; to harass, afflict; to abuse, outrage, profane. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)] tawc893 ermec897 swencheOE besetOE bestandc1000 teenOE baitc1175 grieve?c1225 war?c1225 noyc1300 pursuec1300 travailc1300 to work (also do) annoyc1300 tribula1325 worka1325 to hold wakenc1330 chase1340 twistc1374 wrap1380 cumbera1400 harrya1400 vexc1410 encumber1413 inquiet1413 molest?a1425 course1466 persecutec1475 trouble1489 sturt1513 hare1523 hag1525 hale1530 exercise1531 to grate on or upon1532 to hold or keep waking1533 infest1533 scourge1540 molestate1543 pinch1548 trounce1551 to shake upa1556 tire1558 moila1560 pester1566 importune1578 hunt1583 moider1587 bebait1589 commacerate1596 bepester1600 ferret1600 harsell1603 hurry1611 gall1614 betoil1622 weary1633 tribulatea1637 harass1656 dun1659 overharry1665 worry1671 haul1678 to plague the life out of1746 badger1782 hatchel1800 worry1811 bedevil1823 devil1823 victimize1830 frab1848 mither1848 to pester the life out of1848 haik1855 beplague1870 chevy1872 obsede1876 to get on ——1880 to load up with1880 tail-twist1898 hassle1901 heckle1920 snooter1923 hassle1945 to breathe down (the back of) (someone's) neck1946 to bust (a person's) chops1953 noodge1960 monster1967 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > ill-treat [verb (transitive)] tuckc888 tawc893 misbedeOE graithc1330 to fare fair or foul with1340 misusea1382 outrayc1390 beshrewc1430 huspelc1440 misentreat1450 mistreat1453 abuse?1473 to mayne evil1481 demean1483 to put (a person) to villainya1513 harry1530 mishandle1530 touse1531 misorder1550 worrya1556 yark1565 mumble1588 buse1589 crow-tread1593 disabuse1607 maltreat1681 squeeze1691 ill-treat1794 punish1801 tousle1826 ill-use1841 razoo1890 mess1896 to play horse with1896 to bugger about1921 slug1925 to give (a person) the works1927 to kick about or around1938 mess1963 c893 tr. Orosius Hist. iv. i. §1 Þa þe þær gefongne wæron, hie tawedan mid þære mæstan unieðnesse. c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints (1890) II. 102 Forðan ðe he godes templ tawode to bysmore. c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 486 And se deofol eow tawode þurh his drymen. a1023 Wulfstan Homilies xxxiii. 162 [Hi] scendað and tawjað to bysmore þæs þegnes cwenan and hwilum his dohtor. a1400 Minor Poems from Vernon MS liv. 76 To a piler I was I-piht, Togget and tauwed al þe niht. 1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Gij To be briefe, they are not tawed nor plucked asunder with a thousand thousand cares. b. To whip, flog, thrash. Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > beat threshOE beatc1000 to lay on?c1225 chastise1362 rapa1400 dressc1405 lack?c1475 paya1500 currya1529 coil1530 cuff1530 baste1533 thwack1533 lick1535 firka1566 trounce1568 fight1570 course1585 bumfeage1589 feague1589 lamback1589 lambskin1589 tickle1592 thrash1593 lam1595 bumfeagle1598 comb1600 fer1600 linge1600 taw1600 tew1600 thrum1604 feeze1612 verberate1614 fly-flap1620 tabor1624 lambaste1637 feak1652 flog1676 to tan (a person's) hide1679 slipper1682 liquora1689 curry-comb1708 whack1721 rump1735 screenge1787 whale1790 lather1797 tat1819 tease1819 larrup1823 warm1824 haze1825 to put (a person) through a course of sprouts1839 flake1841 swish1856 hide1875 triangle1879 to give (a person or thing) gyp1887 soak1892 to loosen (a person's) hide1902 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. viii. 301 He caused him to be stripped naked, and whipping cheare to be presented unto him. The poore stripling thus pitteously tawed and torn, ran forth into the open street. 1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre iv. v. 64 in Wks. II You know where you were taw'd lately, both lash'd, and slash'd you were in Bridewell. 1682 T. D'Urfey Butler's Ghost 43 Truss'd on her Knee she'd briskly taw him, And, like Virago, clapperclaw him. 1863 G. A. Sala Capt. Dangerous viii I grew sick of being tawed for offences I had never committed. 1883 R. Cleland Inchbracken xvi. 126 I would have her tawed through the town at the cart's tail. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). tawv.² Brit. /tɔː/, U.S. /tɔ/, /tɑ/ Etymology: < taw n.³ Chiefly dialect. intransitive. To shoot or aim with a taw or marble. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > marbles > children's ball games [verb (intransitive)] > actions knuckle1735 taw1863 1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. You don't taw fairly. 1883 T. Lees Easther's Gloss. Dial. Almondbury & Huddersfield at Hundreds When..the one who is on for his pizings manages to taw into the hole, the game is concluded. 1898 A. B. Gomme Trad. Games II. 113 If one player knocks out a marble, he is entitled to ‘taw’ at the rest in the ring until he misses; and if a sure ‘tawer’ not one of the others may have the chance to taw. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c1400n.²c1562n.³1709n.⁴1615v.¹c893v.²1863
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