tartarn.¹

Brit.

/ˈtɑːtə/,

/ˈtɑːtɑː/, U.S.

/ˈtɑrdər/

Forms: Also Middle English tartre, Middle English tarter, tartare, (1500s tartarum, 1600s–1700s tartarus).

Etymology: < French tartre = Spanish tartaro, Portuguese tartaro, Italian tartaro, medieval Latin tartarum (tartharum), medieval Greek τάρταρον; perhaps of Arabic origin: Simon of Genoa (fl. 1292), Synonima (1473 ed.), has ‘Tartar arabice, tartarum quod ex uino in lateribus uegetis generatur’. But there is some doubt as to this, the usual Arabic term being durdī, < Persian durd sediment, dregs; tartīr, found in modern Arabic lexicons from 1639, is held by Dozy to be borrowed from European languages. The medieval Latin tartarum appears in the Dictionarius of Joh. de Garlandia, c1225.

a. Chemistry. Bitartrate of potash (acid potassium tartrate), present in grape juice, deposited in a crude form in the process of fermentation, and adhering to the sides of wine-casks in the form of a hard crust, also called argal or argol n.¹, which in the crude state varies from pale pink to dark red, but when purified forms white crystals, which are cream of tartar.†In quot. c1425 applied to the dregs of malt liquor.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > wine-making > [noun] > deposits

argolc1386

tartarc1386

upon the lee1390

wine-leesc1400

wine-stone1526

fechia1704

white friars1745

beeswing1860

crust of wine1863

wine-crust1872

flor1873

wine ball-

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > dregs or lees

tartarc1386

c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 260 Of Tartre, Alum glas, berme, wort and argoille.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvi. xcix. (Tollem. MS.) Tartar is wyn drastes [L. tartarum est vini fæculentia], and like to a softe ston cleuynge harde to þe sides of þe tonnes.

c1425 tr. Arderne's Surgery (E.E.T.S.) 49 Ffirst I made hym ane emplastre of tartare of ale, i.[e]. dreggez.

?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. B.vii Wyne Lyes called Tartarum..menglid in oyle and Veniger is verye good.

1678 V. Alsop Melius Inquirendum Introd. 28 Like Tartar, [it] is so Baked and Crusted to the sides of the Vessel, that till you knock off the Hoopes and take the Frame in pieces, no Art of Man will free the Cask from a tang at least of the old mustiness.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 259 Small Wines, with little Oil, and much Tartar.

1797 Encycl. Brit. IV. 495/2 The tartar of the white wines is of a greyish white colour, called white tartar; and that of red wine has a red colour, and is called red tartar.

1883 J. T. Taylor Hardwich's Man. Photogr. Chem. (ed. 9) 96 Tartaric Acid..is derived from a substance called Tartar, deposited from the juice of the Grape during fermentation. This Tartar is an Acid Tartrate of Potash.

b. Hence, ‘A generic name for salts of tartaric acid’ (Watts).

c. Commercially, applied not to the argol or original deposit, but to a product that has undergone partial purification: see quot. 1893.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > carbonates > potassium carbonate > applied to partially purified product

tartar1893

1893 T. E. Thorpe Dict. Applied Chem. III. 783 The crust is known as ‘argol’, and when recrystallised produces ‘tartar’, which by further crystallisation is converted into ‘cream of tartar’, technically known as ‘cream’.

d. figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > worthless

hawc1000

turdc1275

fille1297

dusta1300

lead1303

skitc1330

naught1340

vanityc1340

wrakea1350

rushc1350

dirt1357

fly's wing1377

goose-wing1377

fartc1390

chaff?a1400

nutshella1400

shalec1400

yardc1400

wrack1472

pelfrya1529

trasha1529

dreg1531

trish-trash1542

alchemy1547

beggary?1548

rubbish1548

pelfa1555

chip1556

stark naught1562

paltry?1566

rubbish1566

riff-raff1570

bran1574

baggage1579

nihil1579

trush-trash1582

stubblea1591

tartar1590

garbage1592

bag of winda1599

a cracked or slit groat1600

kitchen stuff1600

tilta1603

nothing?1608

bauble1609

countera1616

a pair of Yorkshire sleeves in a goldsmith's shop1620

buttermilk1630

dross1632

paltrement1641

cattle1643

bagatelle1647

nothingness1652

brimborion1653

stuff1670

flap-dragon1700

mud1706

caput mortuuma1711

snuff1778

twaddle1786

powder-post1790

traffic1828

junk1836

duffer1852

shice1859

punk1869

hogwash1870

cagmag1875

shit1890

tosh1892

tripe1895

dreck1905

schlock1906

cannon fodder1917

shite1928

skunk1929

crut1937

chickenshit1938

crud1943

Mickey Mouse1958

gick1959

garbo1978

turd1978

pants1994

1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. I4^v A soule Created of the massy dregges of earth, The scum and tartar of the Elements.

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1955) II. 51 Impatience in affliction..a leaven so kneaded into the nature of man, so innate a tartar, so inherent a sting.

1684 Bp. G. Burnet in tr. T. More Utopia Pref. sig. A4^v Our Language has, like a rich Wine, wrought out its Tartar.

1824 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. II. ii. 18 [Sidney] Desire of lucre... It is the tartar that encrusts economy.

a. transferred. Any calcareous or other incrustation deposited from a liquid upon bodies in contact with it. (With quot. 1605 cf. tartarer n., tartarous adj. 2.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] > specific impurities > incrustation > deposited by a liquid

tartar1605

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke iii. 161 Of the congelations of these salts comes goutes..and diuers kinds of obstructions, according to the diuersitie of tartars and of salts which are ingendred and procreate to nature in our bodie.

1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 470 This water is impregnated with Tartar, so that the bottom and pillars..are incrusted with it.

1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France I. 427 [It] incrusted a stick with its tartar in two minutes.

b. spec. A deposit of calcium phosphate from the saliva, which tends to harden and concrete upon the teeth. (So French tartre; cf. German weinstein.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of mouth > [noun] > disorders of teeth

scale1594

caries1634

tartar1806

odontolith1848

malocclusion1864

pulpitis1869

odontome1870

pericementitis1882

cementoma1893

open bite1893

plaque1898

super-eruption1912

mulberry molar1917

Moon1918

retroclusion1928

bruxism1932

overclosure1934

overeruption1961

1806 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 15 30 We find that this coagulum has the greatest similarity with the tartar adhering to the teeth.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 65 The teeth are always subject to be covered over with layers of an earthy material secreted as a constituent part of the saliva, and denominated tartar.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 743 The concretions of tartar that gather round the teeth.

Compounds

Phrasal combinations:

C1.

cream of tartar n. see 1 and cream n.² 4a.

ΚΠ

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Soluble Tartar, is made by boiling in 3 Pints of Water, 8 Ounces of Cream of Tartar, and 4 Ounces of the Fix'd Salt of Tartar.

crystals of tartar n. now chiefly historical = cream of tartar n. at cream n.² 4a; cf. sense 1a.

ΚΠ

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke ii. v. sig. R^v By which proofe thou shalt certainly know, that the residence is very well depured, which in another place wee will call the Chrystal of tartar.

1682 N. Grew Exper. Solution Salts vii. i. §29 in Anat. Plants 299 The Crystals of Tartar..will scarce at all dissolve in Water.

1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory iii. 498 Take of..crystals of tartar rubbed to a very fine powder, two ounces.

2008 N. Stein tr. S. Balibar Atom & Apple ii. 19 In 1848, when Pasteur synthesized crystals of tartar in a test tube, he found both left-handed and right-handed crystals.

† magistery of tartar n. Obsolete = vitriolated tartar n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > sulphur > [noun] > compounds > sulphates > of potassium

vitriolate tartar1665

vitriolated tartar1694

vitriolated tartar1704

magistery of tartar1728

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Tartar Vitriolated, which some call Magistery of Tartar, is Oil of Tartar mix'd with rectify'd Spirit of Vitriol.

oil of tartar n. old name for a saturated solution of potassium carbonate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > carbonates > potassium carbonate

argolc1386

oil of tartar1584

tartarin1796

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > vegetable extracts or preparations > [noun] > potash > saturated solution

oil of tartar1584

1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xiv. i. 354 These things..are of necessitie to be..vsed..namelie..claie made with horsse doong, mans haire, oile of tartre, allum, glasse, woort, yest, argoll.

1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 67 Spirit of Vitriol and Oil of Tartar..mingled together, are surprizingly hot.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Tartar Vitriolated, which some call Magistery of Tartar, is Oil of Tartar mix'd with rectify'd Spirit of Vitriol.

† salt of tartar n. Obsolete an old name of potassium carbonate.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > vegetable extracts or preparations > [noun] > potash

gravelled ashes1579

salt of wormwood1617

salt of tartar1646

pearl ash1703

kali1799

pearls1809

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 87 A pint of salt of tartar exposed unto a moist aire untill it dissolve, will make far more liquor, or as some tearm it oyle, then the former measure will contain.

1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall 189 As strong a solution of Salt of Tartar in fair Water as could be made (we having no Oyl of Tartar per deliquium at hand).

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Oil of Tartar per Deliquium The fixt Salt of Tartar dissolved by being expos'd to the Air in a Cellar, or other cool moist place.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 339 Moisture drawn from it [the air] by dry salt of tartar, in such quantity, as to make the salt become intirely fluid.

1832 G. R. Porter Treat. Manuf. Porcelain & Glass 83 Precipitating with salt of tartar (sub-carbonate of potass).

spirit of tartar n. the liquid obtained by dry distillation of tartar; it contains pyrotartaric acid and other substances.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic acids > [noun] > carboxylic acids > tartar acids

tartaric acid1789

tartarous acid1789

tartareous acidc1790

racemic acid1835

tartrovinic acid1837

tartrelic acid1838

tartromethylic acid1838

tartralic acid1857

tartramic acid1857

tartrethylic acid1857

spirit of tartar1860

tartronic acid1866

1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Spirit of Tartar, a name for pyrotartaric acid.

1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 402. ]

C2.

† chalybeate tartar n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. at Tartar Chalybeate Tartar.., a name for the Potassio-tartras ferri.

† tartar chalybeated n. Obsolete potassio-ferric tartrate, C₄H₄K(FeO)O₆.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > tartrates

tartora1545

tartar chalybeated1728

Seignette salt1753

tartrite1789

tartareous acidulum1800

tartrate1806

tartromethylates1838

tartralates1857

soluble tartar1860

tartramate1868

tartranilate1868

tartronate1868

itatartrate1872

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Crystal Crystal of Tartar chalybeated, is when 'tis impregnated with the most dissoluble Parts of Iron.

† regenerated tartar n. Obsolete acetate of potassium, C₄H₆O₃.K₂O.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > acetates > of potassium

regenerated tartar1753

terra foliata1753

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The good effects of regenerated tartar in the cure of obstructions of the bowels.

1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Regenerated Tartar, term for the Acetas potassæ.

† soluble tartar n. Obsolete neutral potassium tartrate, C₄H₄K₂O₆; also applied to ammonium potassium tartrate, C₈H₄(NH₄)KO₆.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > tartrates

tartora1545

tartar chalybeated1728

Seignette salt1753

tartrite1789

tartareous acidulum1800

tartrate1806

tartromethylates1838

tartralates1857

soluble tartar1860

tartramate1868

tartranilate1868

tartronate1868

itatartrate1872

1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Soluble Tartar, a term for the Tartras potassæ.

† vitriolated tartar n. (also tartar vitriolate) Obsolete sulphate of potassium, K₂SO₄.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites > potassium sulphate

vitriolate tartar1665

vitriolated tartar1694

vitriolated tartar1704

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > sulphur > [noun] > compounds > sulphates > of potassium

vitriolate tartar1665

vitriolated tartar1694

vitriolated tartar1704

magistery of tartar1728

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Tartar Vitriolate, is made by pouring Spirit of Vitriol on Oil of Tartar per Deliquium, by little and little.

1820 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. II. (ed. 6) 435 Known by the name of vitriolated tartar, till the French chemists called it sulphate of potash..in 1787.

C3.

ˈtartar-eˈmetic n. †emetic tartar, common name in pharmacy of potassio-antimonious tartrate, C₄H₄K(Sb.O)O₆ + ½H₂O, a poisonous substance, used in medicine to excite vomiting.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > emetic > mineral-based

stibiuma1398

stibie1548

algaroth1662

tartar-emetic1704

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Tartar Emetick. See Emetick Tartar.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Emetick Tartar, is only Cream or Crystal of Tartar poudred and mixt with a quarter part of Crocus Metallorum, and..the Mixture..boil'd in an earthen Pan in a sufficient quantity of Water, for about 8 or 9 Hours.

1739 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. cvii. 349 A Dose of Tartar Emetick.

1795 Gaitskell in Memoirs Med. IV. 79 (heading) Observations and Experiments on the external absorption of Emetic Tartar and Arsenic.

1846 J. W. Carlyle Lett. (1883) I. 383 Dosing me with tartar-emetic and opium.

ˈtartar-eˈmeticize v. (transitive) to dose with tartar-emetic.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > treat with drugs [verb (transitive)] > treat with specific drugs or medicines

tartar1647

blue-pill1824

mercurialize1825

opium1825

treacle1839

tartar-emeticize1844

quinine1858

quininize1860

cinchonize1863

veratrize1891

oxalate1894

tuberculinize1897

citrate1903

strychninize1934

juice1973

1844 J. T. J. Hewlett Parsons & Widows I. vi. 137 Tartar~emeticising the establishment at breakfast.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

TartarTatarn.²adj.

Brit.

/ˈtɑːtə/,

/ˈtɑːtɑː/, U.S.

/ˈtɑrdər/

Forms: Also 1500s plural Tartaries, 1600s, 1800s Tâtar, Tahtar.

Etymology: < French Tartare (Old French also Tartaire , 13th cent.), or < medieval Latin Tartarus , plural Tartari , ethnic name; in Spanish Tartaro , Portuguese Tartaro , Italian Tartaro ; Dutch Tartaar , Tarter , German, Danish Tartar , Swedish Tartar , Tartarer ; Polish Tatar , Turkish, Persian Tātār . In Old French more usually Tartarin , medieval Latin Tartarīnus , tartarin n.¹; compare Russian Tatarin^u. The original name (by which the people in question either called themselves or were designated by their neighbours) is generally held to have been, as in Persian, etc., Tātār , as to the language and meaning of which various conjectures have been put forth; but in Western Europe, they appear from the first as Tartari , Tartares , or Tartars , their name being apparently associated with Tartarus , hell. See the saying attributed by many historians to St. Louis of France a1270, in Littré, s.v. Tartare, and a translation in quot. 1842² at sense A. 1. The form Tâtar and its derivatives are now often used in ethnological works in sense A. 1, but the long-established Tartar is always used in the derived senses, and is also held by some to have been the original name: see quot. 1885 at sense A. 1, and its context.

A. n.²

1. A native inhabitant of the region of central Asia extending eastward from the Caspian Sea, and formerly known as Independent and Chinese Tartary. First known in the West as applied to the mingled host of Mongols, Tartars, Turks, etc., which under the leadership of Genghis Khan (1202–1227) overran and devastated much of Asia and Eastern Europe; hence applied to the descendants of these now dwelling in Asia or Europe; more strictly and ethnologically, to any member of the Tâtar or Turkic branch of the Ural-Altaic or Turanian family, embracing the Turks, Cossacks, and Kirghiz Tartars. (In all these uses, but esp. the last, now often written Tatar, Tâtar.)

ΚΠ

c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 20 This noble kyng this Tartre, Cambynskan.

c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 258 This Tartre kyng.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iv. iii. 170 Therfore the tartaris haue their wyues in to the felde with hem.

1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. ccxxiii. 363 The dealyng of the turkes and tartaries with y^e portes and passages of the kynges, soudans and miscreantes.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. x. 86 Moores, Indians, or Tartares.

1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 18 It [the great wall] was for his defence against the Tartaries, with whome he had warres.

1589 C. Hall in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 621 They be like to Tartars, with long blacke haire, broad faces, and flatte noses.

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 101 Looke how I goe. Swifter then arrow, from the Tartars bowe.

a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Langs. & Relig. (1614) xiii. 94 It is alleaged that the word Tatari, or Totari, (for so indeed they are rightly called, as learned men obserue, and not Tartari) signifieth in the Syriaque and Hebrew tongues, a Residue or Remainder such as these Tartars are supposed to bee of the Ten Tribes.

1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 241 Since the Tartars have been Emperors of China, the Lamas have succeeded the Chinese Bonzes in the Direction of Religious Affairs.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. i. i. 5 Into the body of the poor Tatars execrative Roman History intercalated an alphabetic letter; and so they continue Tartars, of fell Tartarean nature, to this day.

1842 Penny Cycl. XXIV. 73 The name of Tatar is still given to the Turkish inhabitants of southern and eastern Russia... The Tatars call themselves Turks, and feel highly offended by being called Tatars, a name which in their idiom signifies ‘robbers’.

1842 tr. Let. S. Louis (a1270) in Penny Cycl. XXIV. 73 In the present danger of the Tartars either we shall push them back into the Tartarus whence they are come, or they will bring us all into heaven.

1885 E. Pears Fall Constantinople 15 (note) I write Tartar instead of Tatar because I agree with Dr. Koelle that the first is the form which the Tartars themselves used until they came into contact with foreigners, like the Chinese and Russians, who had changed the form of the word.

2. Transferred uses.

a. A military valet. [So in French.]

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > military servant > [noun]

knighta1100

squirec1290

page?a1400

custrona1425

varlet1470

custrel1474

esquire1477

servitora1513

valet1591

stokaghea1599

calo1617

bedet1633

Tartar1747

batman1755

goujat1776

waiter1828

striker1867

beltman1869

doggy1909

dingbat1918

batwoman1941

1747 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 570/2 13,421 Convents of monks..which may be called the Field regiments, and, together with the brother servitors, invalids, tartars and scullions, may amount to 160,000.

1839 tr. A. de Lamartine Trav. in East 168/1 Our moukres, Tatars, and horsemen, bivouacked in the orchards.

†b. An old cant name for a strolling vagabond, a thief, a beggar. Cf. Bohemian n., Gypsy n. and adj., Tartarian n. b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > [noun]

thief688

bribera1387

stealer1508

taker?a1513

goodfellow1566

snatcher1575

lift1591

liftera1592

larcin1596

Tartar1602

lime-twig1606

outparter1607

Tartarian1608

flick1610

puggard1611

gilt1620

nim1630

highwayman1652

cloyer1659

out-trader1660

Robin Goodfellow1680

birdlime1705

gyp1728

filch1775

kiddy1780

snaveller1781

larcenist1803

pincher1814

geach1821

wharf-rat1823

toucher1837

larcener1839

snammer1839

drummer1856

gun1857

forker1867

gunsmith1869

nabber1880

thiever1899

tea-leaf1903

gun moll1908

nicker1909

knocker-off1926

possum1945

scuffler1961

rip-off1969

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [noun] > without fixed aim or wandering > vagrancy or vagabondage > vagabond or tramp

harlot?c1225

raikera1400

vacabond1404

vagrant1444

gangrela1450

briber?c1475

palliard1484

vagabondc1485

rogue1489

wavenger1493

hermit1495

gaberlunzie1508

knight of the field1508

loiterer1530

straggler1530

runagate1534

ruffler1535

hedge-creeper1548

Abraham man1567

cursitor1567

runner1567

walker1567

tinker1575

traveller1598

Tartar1602

stravagant1606

wagand1614

Circumcellion1623

meechera1625

hedge-bird1631

gaberlunzie man1649

tramp1664

stroller1681

jockey1685

bird of passage1717

randy1724

tramper1760

stalko1804

vagabondager1813

rintherout1814

piker1838

pikey1838

beachcomber1840

roadster1851

vagabondizer1860

roustabout1862

bum1864

migratory1866

potter1867

sundowner1868

vag1868

walkabout1872

transient1877

Murrumbidgee whaler1878

rouster1882

run-the-hedge1882

whaler1883

shaughraun1884

heather-cat1886

hobo1889

tussocker1889

gay cat1893

overlander1898

stake-man1899

stiff1899

bindle-stiff1900

dingbat1902

stew-bum1902

tired Tim (also Timothy)1906

skipper1925

Strandlooper1927

knight of the road1928

hobohemian1936

plain turkey1955

scrub turkey1955

derro1963

jakey1988

crusty1990

1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor iv. v. 18 Here is a Bohemian tarter[1623 Bohemian-Tartar] bully, tarries the comming downe of the fat woman: Let her descend.

1697 J. Vanbrugh Relapse iv. 84 Here, pursue this Tartar, bring him back.

c. As an opprobrious appellation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > as abused

warlockOE

swinec1175

beastc1225

wolf's-fista1300

avetrolc1300

congeonc1300

dirtc1300

slimec1315

snipec1325

lurdanc1330

misbegetc1330

sorrowa1350

shrew1362

jordan1377

wirlingc1390

frog?a1400

warianglea1400

wretcha1400

horcop14..

turdc1400

callet1415

lotterela1450

paddock?a1475

souter1478

chuff?a1500

langbain?c1500

cockatrice1508

sow1508

spink1508

wilrone1508

rook?a1513

streaker?a1513

dirt-dauber?1518

marmoset1523

babiona1529

poll-hatcheta1529

bear-wolf1542

misbegotten1546

pig1546

excrement1561

mamzer1562

chuff-cat1563

varlet1566

toada1568

mandrake1568

spider1568

rat1571

bull-beef1573

mole-catcher1573

suppository1573

curtal1578

spider-catcher1579

mongrela1585

roita1585

stickdirta1585

dogfish1589

Poor John1589

dog's facec1590

tar-boxa1592

baboon1592

pot-hunter1592

venom1592

porcupine1594

lick-fingers1595

mouldychaps1595

tripe1595

conundrum1596

fat-guts1598

thornback1599

land-rat1600

midriff1600

stinkardc1600

Tartar1600

tumbril1601

lobster1602

pilcher1602

windfucker?1602

stinker1607

hog rubber1611

shad1612

splay-foot1612

tim1612

whit1612

verdugo1616

renegado1622

fish-facea1625

flea-trapa1625

hound's head1633

mulligrub1633

nightmare1633

toad's-guts1634

bitch-baby1638

shagamuffin1642

shit-breech1648

shitabed1653

snite1653

pissabed1672

bastard1675

swab1687

tar-barrel1695

runt1699

fat-face1740

shit-sack1769

vagabond1842

shick-shack1847

soor1848

b1851

stink-pot1854

molie1871

pig-dog1871

schweinhund1871

wind-sucker1880

fucker1893

cocksucker1894

wart1896

so-and-so1897

swine-hound1899

motherfucker1918

S.O.B.1918

twat1922

mong1926

mucker1929

basket1936

cowson1936

zombie1936

meatball1937

shower1943

chickenshit1945

mugger1945

motherferyer1946

hooer1952

morpion1954

mother1955

mother-raper1959

louser1960

effer1961

salaud1962

gunk1964

scunge1967

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 264 Thy loue? Out tawny Tartar, out.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Tartar, a covetous, griping person.

3. figurative.

a. A person supposed to resemble a Tartar in disposition; a rough and violent or irritable and intractable person.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > [noun] > that which is difficult > a difficult thing or person

sluta1475

nut1540

Tartar1669

bitch1699

handful1755

tickler1825

pebble1829

hard ticket1847

tough nut1862

bear1876

Roger1885

trier1893

peb1903

heller1923

pawful1925

honey1932

sod1936

toughie1945

motherfucker1948

hard-arse1966

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > savage person > [noun]

wolfa900

liona1225

beastc1225

wild manc1290

tiger?a1513

Turk1536

club-fist1575

scourgemutton1581

wolver1593

vulture1605

savage1609

inhuman1653

brutal1655

Tartar1669

hyena1671

dragoon1712

Huna1744

panther1822

the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > [noun] > irascible person

wasp1496

shit-fire1598

flesh-pistol1608

tinder-box1608

touchwood1617

Tartar1669

touch and go1675

spitfire1684

vengeance1712

spunkie1821

pepperbox1822

tempest1852

pepperer1864

gingersnap1889

pepperpot1894

spit-cat1898

spit kitten1912

slow burner1930

fireball1931

pop-off1938

society > authority > lack of subjection > [noun] > insubordinate person > intractable person

repugnant1625

Tartar1669

ugly customer1811

recalcitrant1825

non-compliant1854

intractable1883

non-cooperator1896

hardcore1916

badman1954

badass1956

banduluc1977

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > fierceness > [noun] > person or being

wolfa900

liona1225

wild manc1290

boar1297

fell1340

tiger?a1513

centaur1565

wolver1593

to speak bandog and Bedlam1600

vulture1605

killbuck1612

man-tigera1652

Tartar1669

hyena1671

dragoon1712

vampire1741

Huna1744

panther1868

the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > ill nature in woman or shrewishness > [noun] > shrew

scoldc1175

shrewc1386

viragoc1386

scolder1423

common scold1467

wild cat1570

vixen1575

callet1577

termagant1578

(Long) Meg of Westminster1589

butter whore1592

cotquean1593

scrattop1593

scoldsterc1600

butter-quean1613

Xantippea1616

fury1620

Tartar1669

fish-woman1698

cross-patch1699

Whitechapel fortune1734

brimstone1751

randy1762

fish-fag1786

rantipole1790

skellata1810

skimmington1813

targer1822

skellat-bell1827

catamaran1834

nagster1873

yenta1923

1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant ii. i. 19 I never knew your Grandmother was a Scotch woman: is she not a Tartar too.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 12 He is generally a tartar at bottom; a sharper, a spy, or a lunatic.

1778 F. Burney Let. Aug. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1994) III. 89 They will little think what a Tartar you carry to them!

1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto I clxxxiv. 95 His blood was up; though young, he was a Tartar.

a1845 T. Hood Tale of Temper i However, cooks are generally Tartars.

1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. viii. 67 The old man was a awful Tartar.

1891 Athenæum 11 Apr. 469/2 When provoked he proved a tartar.

b. slang. One hard to beat or surpass in skill, an adept, a ‘champion’. (Cf. slang use of ‘bully’.)

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > champion or expert

champion1721

championess1728

cock of the school1732

Tartar1785

star1811

holder1830

champ1868

scratch-man1877

scratch-player1888

back-marker1895

title holder1900

titlist1912

three-letter man1929

tiger1929

stickout1933

starlet1976

1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (at cited word) He is quite a tartar at cricket, or billiards.

4. Phrase: to catch a Tartar: to get hold of one who can neither be controlled nor got quit of; to tackle one who unexpectedly proves to be too formidable. Also in allusive expressions.

ΚΠ

1674 S. Butler Hudibras (new ed.) i. iii. 175 Now thou hast got me for a Tartar, To make m 'gainst my will take quarter.

1680 J. Dryden Kind Keeper v. i. 62 What a Tartar have I caught!

1690 J. Mackenzie Siege London-derry 39/2 As it happily fell out, they Catcht a Tartar.

1700 S. L. tr. C. Frick Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 96 I rather hug'd my self that I had let my Tartar go.

1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 281 Tell him, if he try, he may catch a Tartar.

1725 New Canting Dict. (at cited word) To catch a Tartar, is said, among the Canting Varlets, when a Rogue attacks one that he thinks a Passenger, but proves to be of this Class.., who, in his Turn,..robs,..and binds him.

1850 H. T. Cheever Whale & his Captors vi. 100 Many an old whaler..has been compelled to give in as beat when fast to one of these ‘Northwest Tartars’ [sc. whales].

1897 F. Marryat Blood of Vampire xiv You must give up flirting, my boy, or if I mistake not, you'll find you've caught a Tartar.

5. (absol. use of B.) The language of the Tartars.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Altaic > [noun] > Turkic > Tartar

Tartar1668

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. i. i. §3. 3 The European Tartar, or Scythian, from which some conceive our Irish to have had its original.

1862 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 7 272 They have by some been designated the ‘Tartar’, by others the ‘Finnish’, ‘Ural-Altaic’, ‘Mongolian’, and ‘Turanian’.

1884 G. Smith Short Hist. Christian Missions ix. 109 He [Monte Corvino, 1305] translated the New Testament and Psalter into Tartar.

B. adj.

1. Of or pertaining to the people referred to in sense A. 1, or their country. Also noting animals, plants, etc., belonging to Tartary. Tartar bread n. see Tartarian n. b.

ΚΠ

1731 A. Bower Historia Litteraria 3 250 He settles wherever he comes, and like a Tartar-Hord, never quits the Ground while there is a bit of green Herbage left.

1811 J. Pinkerton Mod. Geogr. (ed. 3) 346 A beautiful Tatar girl astride on a cow.

1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul iv. ii. 478 Their features..refer them at once to the Tartar stock.

1842 J. B. Fraser Mesopot. & Assyria xv. 369 There were also the shore-lark..and the Tartar lark (A[lauda] tartarica of Pallas).

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 168/2 Tartar Bread, the fleshy root of Crambe tatarica.

1868 St. Paul's Mag. July 485 Scratch an amateur actor as you would a Russian, and the Tartar vanity will come through.

1883 W. R. Morfill Slavonic Lit. i. 6 The Russian language is hemmed in on..the east by Finnish and Tatar dialects.

2. figurative. Tartar-like; rough and violent, savage.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > [adjective]

grimlyc893

retheeOE

grim971

bitterOE

bremec1175

grillc1175

grimfula1240

cruel1297

sturdy1297

fiercea1300

fellc1300

boistousa1387

felonousc1386

savagea1393

bestiala1398

bremelya1400

felona1400

hetera1400

cursedc1400

wicked14..

vengeablec1430

wolvishc1430

unnatural?1473

inhuman1481

brutisha1513

cruent1524

felonish1530

mannish1530

abominate1531

lionish1549

boarish?1550

truculent?c1550

unhumanc1550

lion-like1556

beastly1558

orped1567

raw?1573

tigerish?1573

unmanlike1579

boisterous1581

savaged1583

tiger-like1587

yond1590

truculental1593

savage wild1595

tigerous1597

inhumane1598

Neronian1598

immane1599

Phalarical1602

ungentle1603

feral1604

savagious1605

fierceful1607

Dionysian1608

wolvy1611

Hunnish1625

lionly1631

tigerly1633

savage-hearted1639

brutal1641

feroce1641

ferocious1646

asperous1650

ferousa1652

wolfish1674

tiger1763

savage-fierce1770

Tartar1809

Tartarly1821

Neroic1851

tigery1859

Neronic1864

unmannish1867

inhumanitarian1947

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > fierceness > [adjective]

grimlyc893

wrothc893

reighOE

grima1000

grillc1175

witherc1175

grimfula1240

sturdy1297

wild1297

fiercea1300

man-keenc1300

stoutc1300

cruelc1330

fell?c1335

wicked1375

felonousc1386

felona1400

cursedc1400

runishc1400

keen?c1425

roid?c1425

wolvishc1430

ranishc1450

malicious1485

mankind1519

mannish1530

lionish1549

truculent?c1550

lion-like1556

tigerish?1573

tiger-like1587

truculental1593

Amazonian1595

tigerous1597

feral1604

fierceful1607

efferous1614

lionly1631

tigerly1633

feroce1641

ferocious1646

asperous1650

ferousa1652

blusterous1663

wolfish1674

boarisha1718

savage-fierce1770

Tartar1809

Tartarly1821

wolfy1828

savagerous1832

hawkish1841

tigery1859

attern1868

Hunnish1915

1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. ii. vii. 285 Little do you fathom my character, to be deceived..by my Tartar contour!

1880 J. Nicol Poems & Songs 23 The winter came with all its Tartar rigour.

Compounds

C1.

Tartar-like adj.

ΚΠ

1827 T. L. McKenney Sketches Tour to Lakes 380 [The Chippeway Indians] Their tents and belts are all Tartar-like.

1837 Boston Advert. 17 Jan. 4/4 Miss Stevens was a tartar~like looking lady, very long and unbending.

C2.

Tartar-nosed adj. snub-nosed like a Tartar.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > nose > [adjective] > types of nose > having

cammed?c1350

camoised1393

nosed?1440

hook-nosed1519

snat-nosed1519

flat-nosed1530

bottle-nosed1566

chamoy-nosed1598

saddle-nosed1598

swine-snouted1600

camois-nosed1601

round-nosed1611

nosy1620

flat-nose1636

simous1656

sharp-nosed1675

tutty-nosed1681

Roman-nosed1688

snut-nosed1706

snub-nosed1725

camois1745

blunt-nosed1772

pug-nosed1788

snipy1825

button-nosed1830

nip-nosed1831

leptorrhinian1878

leptorrhine1880

snub1883

knob-nosed1886

long-nose1896

Tartar-nosed1897

Ally Sloper1901

beaky-nosed1923

1897 G. Allen Type-writer Girl xiv He..called you a Tartar-nosed imp.

tartar sauce n. (also tartare sauce) [translating French sauce tartare] a sauce made of mayonnaise and chopped gherkins, capers, etc., usually served with fish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > additive > sauce or dressing > [noun] > sauces for fish

Dutch sauce1573

ramolade1702

fish-sauce1728

Hollandaise sauce1841

tartar sauce1855

Holland sauce1877

Marie Rose1920

meunière sauce1984

1855 E. Acton Mod. Cookery (rev. ed.) vi. 143 Tartar sauce. (Sauce à la Tartare)... Tartar-mustard..is to be preferred to English for this sauce.

1889 C. Owen Choice Cookery 48 Tartare sauce is mayonnaise with the addition of mustard, chives, pickles, and tarragon, chopped.

1951 Good Housek. Home Encycl. 677/1 Tartare Sauce..is served with fish, salads, and such vegetables as globe artichokes.

1959 Good Food Guide 292 Seafood pilaf with tartare sauce.

1973 ‘D. Jordan’ Nile Green xxiii. 93 The waiter..nearly tipped the tartare sauce down Mara's neck.

Derivatives

† Tartaˈresque adj. Obsolete rare Tartar (language)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Altaic > [adjective] > Turkic > of specific Turkic languages

Nogai1589

Tartaresque1699

Chaghatai1798

Ghuzz1866

Kashgar1875

Oghuzian1880

Kazakh1886

Sart1898

Kipchak1953

Tuvinian1954

Oghuz1959

Tuvan1989

1699 P. Gordon Geogr. Anatomized (ed. 2) ii. ii. 240 The Language us'd by the Asiatick Tartars, is not much different from the Tartaresque, spoken by those of Crim Tartary..and both have a great Affinity with the Turkish.

ˈTartarism n. a Tartar state or condition.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Turk > [noun] > state or condition

Tartarism1892

1892 Harper's Mag. July 255/1 A line which divides the Tartarism of Russia from the civilization of Europe.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† tartarn.³

Forms: Also Middle English tarter, tartyr, tartor, Middle English–1500s tartir, (1500s tarterus, tartarium).

Etymology: = Old French tartare , tartaire (c1300 in Godefroy), medieval Latin tartarium , tartareus (pannus ) ‘cloth of Tartary’. Compare tars n., tartarin n.¹ 2.

Obsolete.

a. A rich kind of cloth, probably silk, used in 15th and 16th centuries; the same as tartarin n.¹ 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from silk > [noun] > types of > from specific place > from the East

tartarin1343

Tartaryc1400

tartar1473

atlas1687

1473 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 16 Item, for v. elne of tartar to lyne a gowne of clath of gold to the King.

1488 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 85 Item, a couering of variand purpir tartar, browdin with thrissillis and a vnicorne.

1494 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 224 j ell of tartor to lyne the hud.

1496 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 298 Item, for viij elne of tartyr, to the Kingis jakat of clath of gold,..vijli. iiijs.

1501 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 28 Item, for half an elne tartir to the tothir scarlet hos to bordour thaim with.

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxv^v/1 Item of carde bokram fustian clothes of gold & of Silke veluet damask Sateyn taffata tarterus couerchis..the same brokar shal haue for the valur of euery xx. s. iij. d'.

1598 Floure & Leafe in T. Speght Wks. G. Chaucer f. 366^v/2 On euery trumpe hanging a broad banere Of fine Tartarium were ful richely bete.

1602 W. Segar Honor Mil. & Civill ii. xi. 71 One Knight shall giue him his shirt, another his hose, the third his dublet, another shall apparell him in a kertle of red Tartar.

1880 G. C. M. Birdwood Indian Arts II. 73 Tartariums, Colonel Yule believes, were so called ‘not because they were made in Tartary, but because they were brought from China through the Tartar dominions’.]

b. Comb. tartar-satin.

ΚΠ

1483–4 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 35 Pro tribus le nailes de tartersaten' pro emendacione vestamenti.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† Tartarn.⁴

Forms: Also 1500s Tartare.

Etymology: < French tartare, or < Latin Tartarus, < Greek Τάρταρος.

Obsolete.

= Tartarus n.; the infernal regions; hell. Also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [noun] > in classical mythology

helleOE

Acherona1393

the shadows1490

Tartara1525

Tartarus1586

Tartaryc1588

the shades1594

Hades1599

a1525 Ballat Our Lady in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 271 Tryvmphand tempill of þe trinite That torned ws fra tarter eternale.

1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 1294 His snakie wand, With which the damned ghosts he governeth, And furies rules, and Tartare tempereth.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. v. 199 If you wil see it follow me. To. To the gates of Tartar, thou most excellent diuell of wit.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iv. ii. 32.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† tartarv.

Etymology: < tartar n.¹

Obsolete. rare.

trans. To treat with tartar-emetic. In quot. 1647 with play on tartar n.¹, Tartarus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > treat with drugs [verb (transitive)] > treat with specific drugs or medicines

tartar1647

blue-pill1824

mercurialize1825

opium1825

treacle1839

tartar-emeticize1844

quinine1858

quininize1860

cinchonize1863

veratrize1891

oxalate1894

tuberculinize1897

citrate1903

strychninize1934

juice1973

1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 17 When I want physick for my body, I would not have my soule tartared: nor my Animall Spirits purged.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

n.¹c1386

n.²adj.c1386

n.³1473

n.⁴a1525

v.1647

单词	tartar
释义	tartarn.¹ Brit. /ˈtɑːtə/, /ˈtɑːtɑː/, U.S. /ˈtɑrdər/ Forms: Also Middle English tartre, Middle English tarter, tartare, (1500s tartarum, 1600s–1700s tartarus). Etymology: < French tartre = Spanish tartaro, Portuguese tartaro, Italian tartaro, medieval Latin tartarum (tartharum), medieval Greek τάρταρον; perhaps of Arabic origin: Simon of Genoa (fl. 1292), Synonima (1473 ed.), has ‘Tartar arabice, tartarum quod ex uino in lateribus uegetis generatur’. But there is some doubt as to this, the usual Arabic term being durdī, < Persian durd sediment, dregs; tartīr, found in modern Arabic lexicons from 1639, is held by Dozy to be borrowed from European languages. The medieval Latin tartarum appears in the Dictionarius of Joh. de Garlandia, c1225. 1. a. Chemistry. Bitartrate of potash (acid potassium tartrate), present in grape juice, deposited in a crude form in the process of fermentation, and adhering to the sides of wine-casks in the form of a hard crust, also called argal or argol n.¹, which in the crude state varies from pale pink to dark red, but when purified forms white crystals, which are cream of tartar.†In quot. c1425 applied to the dregs of malt liquor. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > wine-making > [noun] > deposits argolc1386 tartarc1386 upon the lee1390 wine-leesc1400 wine-stone1526 fechia1704 white friars1745 beeswing1860 crust of wine1863 wine-crust1872 flor1873 wine ball- the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > dregs or lees tartarc1386 c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 260 Of Tartre, Alum glas, berme, wort and argoille. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvi. xcix. (Tollem. MS.) Tartar is wyn drastes [L. tartarum est vini fæculentia], and like to a softe ston cleuynge harde to þe sides of þe tonnes. c1425 tr. Arderne's Surgery (E.E.T.S.) 49 Ffirst I made hym ane emplastre of tartare of ale, i.[e]. dreggez. ?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. B.vii Wyne Lyes called Tartarum..menglid in oyle and Veniger is verye good. 1678 V. Alsop Melius Inquirendum Introd. 28 Like Tartar, [it] is so Baked and Crusted to the sides of the Vessel, that till you knock off the Hoopes and take the Frame in pieces, no Art of Man will free the Cask from a tang at least of the old mustiness. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 259 Small Wines, with little Oil, and much Tartar. 1797 Encycl. Brit. IV. 495/2 The tartar of the white wines is of a greyish white colour, called white tartar; and that of red wine has a red colour, and is called red tartar. 1883 J. T. Taylor Hardwich's Man. Photogr. Chem. (ed. 9) 96 Tartaric Acid..is derived from a substance called Tartar, deposited from the juice of the Grape during fermentation. This Tartar is an Acid Tartrate of Potash. b. Hence, ‘A generic name for salts of tartaric acid’ (Watts). c. Commercially, applied not to the argol or original deposit, but to a product that has undergone partial purification: see quot. 1893. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > carbonates > potassium carbonate > applied to partially purified product tartar1893 1893 T. E. Thorpe Dict. Applied Chem. III. 783 The crust is known as ‘argol’, and when recrystallised produces ‘tartar’, which by further crystallisation is converted into ‘cream of tartar’, technically known as ‘cream’. d. figurative. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > worthless hawc1000 turdc1275 fille1297 dusta1300 lead1303 skitc1330 naught1340 vanityc1340 wrakea1350 rushc1350 dirt1357 fly's wing1377 goose-wing1377 fartc1390 chaff?a1400 nutshella1400 shalec1400 yardc1400 wrack1472 pelfrya1529 trasha1529 dreg1531 trish-trash1542 alchemy1547 beggary?1548 rubbish1548 pelfa1555 chip1556 stark naught1562 paltry?1566 rubbish1566 riff-raff1570 bran1574 baggage1579 nihil1579 trush-trash1582 stubblea1591 tartar1590 garbage1592 bag of winda1599 a cracked or slit groat1600 kitchen stuff1600 tilta1603 nothing?1608 bauble1609 countera1616 a pair of Yorkshire sleeves in a goldsmith's shop1620 buttermilk1630 dross1632 paltrement1641 cattle1643 bagatelle1647 nothingness1652 brimborion1653 stuff1670 flap-dragon1700 mud1706 caput mortuuma1711 snuff1778 twaddle1786 powder-post1790 traffic1828 junk1836 duffer1852 shice1859 punk1869 hogwash1870 cagmag1875 shit1890 tosh1892 tripe1895 dreck1905 schlock1906 cannon fodder1917 shite1928 skunk1929 crut1937 chickenshit1938 crud1943 Mickey Mouse1958 gick1959 garbo1978 turd1978 pants1994 1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. I4^v A soule Created of the massy dregges of earth, The scum and tartar of the Elements. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1955) II. 51 Impatience in affliction..a leaven so kneaded into the nature of man, so innate a tartar, so inherent a sting. 1684 Bp. G. Burnet in tr. T. More Utopia Pref. sig. A4^v Our Language has, like a rich Wine, wrought out its Tartar. 1824 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. II. ii. 18 [Sidney] Desire of lucre... It is the tartar that encrusts economy. 2. a. transferred. Any calcareous or other incrustation deposited from a liquid upon bodies in contact with it. (With quot. 1605 cf. tartarer n., tartarous adj. 2.) ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] > specific impurities > incrustation > deposited by a liquid tartar1605 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke iii. 161 Of the congelations of these salts comes goutes..and diuers kinds of obstructions, according to the diuersitie of tartars and of salts which are ingendred and procreate to nature in our bodie. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 470 This water is impregnated with Tartar, so that the bottom and pillars..are incrusted with it. 1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France I. 427 [It] incrusted a stick with its tartar in two minutes. b. spec. A deposit of calcium phosphate from the saliva, which tends to harden and concrete upon the teeth. (So French tartre; cf. German weinstein.) ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of mouth > [noun] > disorders of teeth scale1594 caries1634 tartar1806 odontolith1848 malocclusion1864 pulpitis1869 odontome1870 pericementitis1882 cementoma1893 open bite1893 plaque1898 super-eruption1912 mulberry molar1917 Moon1918 retroclusion1928 bruxism1932 overclosure1934 overeruption1961 1806 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 15 30 We find that this coagulum has the greatest similarity with the tartar adhering to the teeth. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 65 The teeth are always subject to be covered over with layers of an earthy material secreted as a constituent part of the saliva, and denominated tartar. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 743 The concretions of tartar that gather round the teeth. Compounds Phrasal combinations: C1. cream of tartar n. see 1 and cream n.² 4a. ΚΠ 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Soluble Tartar, is made by boiling in 3 Pints of Water, 8 Ounces of Cream of Tartar, and 4 Ounces of the Fix'd Salt of Tartar. crystals of tartar n. now chiefly historical = cream of tartar n. at cream n.² 4a; cf. sense 1a. ΚΠ 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke ii. v. sig. R^v By which proofe thou shalt certainly know, that the residence is very well depured, which in another place wee will call the Chrystal of tartar. 1682 N. Grew Exper. Solution Salts vii. i. §29 in Anat. Plants 299 The Crystals of Tartar..will scarce at all dissolve in Water. 1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory iii. 498 Take of..crystals of tartar rubbed to a very fine powder, two ounces. 2008 N. Stein tr. S. Balibar Atom & Apple ii. 19 In 1848, when Pasteur synthesized crystals of tartar in a test tube, he found both left-handed and right-handed crystals. † magistery of tartar n. Obsolete = vitriolated tartar n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > sulphur > [noun] > compounds > sulphates > of potassium vitriolate tartar1665 vitriolated tartar1694 vitriolated tartar1704 magistery of tartar1728 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Tartar Vitriolated, which some call Magistery of Tartar, is Oil of Tartar mix'd with rectify'd Spirit of Vitriol. oil of tartar n. old name for a saturated solution of potassium carbonate. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > carbonates > potassium carbonate argolc1386 oil of tartar1584 tartarin1796 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > vegetable extracts or preparations > [noun] > potash > saturated solution oil of tartar1584 1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xiv. i. 354 These things..are of necessitie to be..vsed..namelie..claie made with horsse doong, mans haire, oile of tartre, allum, glasse, woort, yest, argoll. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 67 Spirit of Vitriol and Oil of Tartar..mingled together, are surprizingly hot. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Tartar Vitriolated, which some call Magistery of Tartar, is Oil of Tartar mix'd with rectify'd Spirit of Vitriol. † salt of tartar n. Obsolete an old name of potassium carbonate. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > vegetable extracts or preparations > [noun] > potash gravelled ashes1579 salt of wormwood1617 salt of tartar1646 pearl ash1703 kali1799 pearls1809 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 87 A pint of salt of tartar exposed unto a moist aire untill it dissolve, will make far more liquor, or as some tearm it oyle, then the former measure will contain. View more context for this quotation 1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall 189 As strong a solution of Salt of Tartar in fair Water as could be made (we having no Oyl of Tartar per deliquium at hand). 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Oil of Tartar per Deliquium The fixt Salt of Tartar dissolved by being expos'd to the Air in a Cellar, or other cool moist place. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 339 Moisture drawn from it [the air] by dry salt of tartar, in such quantity, as to make the salt become intirely fluid. 1832 G. R. Porter Treat. Manuf. Porcelain & Glass 83 Precipitating with salt of tartar (sub-carbonate of potass). spirit of tartar n. the liquid obtained by dry distillation of tartar; it contains pyrotartaric acid and other substances. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic acids > [noun] > carboxylic acids > tartar acids tartaric acid1789 tartarous acid1789 tartareous acidc1790 racemic acid1835 tartrovinic acid1837 tartrelic acid1838 tartromethylic acid1838 tartralic acid1857 tartramic acid1857 tartrethylic acid1857 spirit of tartar1860 tartronic acid1866 1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Spirit of Tartar, a name for pyrotartaric acid. 1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 402. ] C2. † chalybeate tartar n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. at Tartar Chalybeate Tartar.., a name for the Potassio-tartras ferri. † tartar chalybeated n. Obsolete potassio-ferric tartrate, C₄H₄K(FeO)O₆. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > tartrates tartora1545 tartar chalybeated1728 Seignette salt1753 tartrite1789 tartareous acidulum1800 tartrate1806 tartromethylates1838 tartralates1857 soluble tartar1860 tartramate1868 tartranilate1868 tartronate1868 itatartrate1872 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Crystal Crystal of Tartar chalybeated, is when 'tis impregnated with the most dissoluble Parts of Iron. † regenerated tartar n. Obsolete acetate of potassium, C₄H₆O₃.K₂O. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > acetates > of potassium regenerated tartar1753 terra foliata1753 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The good effects of regenerated tartar in the cure of obstructions of the bowels. 1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Regenerated Tartar, term for the Acetas potassæ. † soluble tartar n. Obsolete neutral potassium tartrate, C₄H₄K₂O₆; also applied to ammonium potassium tartrate, C₈H₄(NH₄)KO₆. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > tartrates tartora1545 tartar chalybeated1728 Seignette salt1753 tartrite1789 tartareous acidulum1800 tartrate1806 tartromethylates1838 tartralates1857 soluble tartar1860 tartramate1868 tartranilate1868 tartronate1868 itatartrate1872 1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Soluble Tartar, a term for the Tartras potassæ. † vitriolated tartar n. (also tartar vitriolate) Obsolete sulphate of potassium, K₂SO₄. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites > potassium sulphate vitriolate tartar1665 vitriolated tartar1694 vitriolated tartar1704 the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > sulphur > [noun] > compounds > sulphates > of potassium vitriolate tartar1665 vitriolated tartar1694 vitriolated tartar1704 magistery of tartar1728 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Tartar Vitriolate, is made by pouring Spirit of Vitriol on Oil of Tartar per Deliquium, by little and little. 1820 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. II. (ed. 6) 435 Known by the name of vitriolated tartar, till the French chemists called it sulphate of potash..in 1787. C3. ˈtartar-eˈmetic n. †emetic tartar, common name in pharmacy of potassio-antimonious tartrate, C₄H₄K(Sb.O)O₆ + ½H₂O, a poisonous substance, used in medicine to excite vomiting. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > emetic > mineral-based stibiuma1398 stibie1548 algaroth1662 tartar-emetic1704 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Tartar Emetick. See Emetick Tartar. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Emetick Tartar, is only Cream or Crystal of Tartar poudred and mixt with a quarter part of Crocus Metallorum, and..the Mixture..boil'd in an earthen Pan in a sufficient quantity of Water, for about 8 or 9 Hours. 1739 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. cvii. 349 A Dose of Tartar Emetick. 1795 Gaitskell in Memoirs Med. IV. 79 (heading) Observations and Experiments on the external absorption of Emetic Tartar and Arsenic. 1846 J. W. Carlyle Lett. (1883) I. 383 Dosing me with tartar-emetic and opium. ˈtartar-eˈmeticize v. (transitive) to dose with tartar-emetic.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > treat with drugs [verb (transitive)] > treat with specific drugs or medicines tartar1647 blue-pill1824 mercurialize1825 opium1825 treacle1839 tartar-emeticize1844 quinine1858 quininize1860 cinchonize1863 veratrize1891 oxalate1894 tuberculinize1897 citrate1903 strychninize1934 juice1973 1844 J. T. J. Hewlett Parsons & Widows I. vi. 137 Tartar~emeticising the establishment at breakfast. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2022). TartarTatarn.²adj. Brit. /ˈtɑːtə/, /ˈtɑːtɑː/, U.S. /ˈtɑrdər/ Forms: Also 1500s plural Tartaries, 1600s, 1800s Tâtar, Tahtar. Etymology: < French Tartare (Old French also Tartaire , 13th cent.), or < medieval Latin Tartarus , plural Tartari , ethnic name; in Spanish Tartaro , Portuguese Tartaro , Italian Tartaro ; Dutch Tartaar , Tarter , German, Danish Tartar , Swedish Tartar , Tartarer ; Polish Tatar , Turkish, Persian Tātār . In Old French more usually Tartarin , medieval Latin Tartarīnus , tartarin n.¹; compare Russian Tatarin^u. The original name (by which the people in question either called themselves or were designated by their neighbours) is generally held to have been, as in Persian, etc., Tātār , as to the language and meaning of which various conjectures have been put forth; but in Western Europe, they appear from the first as Tartari , Tartares , or Tartars , their name being apparently associated with Tartarus , hell. See the saying attributed by many historians to St. Louis of France a1270, in Littré, s.v. Tartare, and a translation in quot. 1842² at sense A. 1. The form Tâtar and its derivatives are now often used in ethnological works in sense A. 1, but the long-established Tartar is always used in the derived senses, and is also held by some to have been the original name: see quot. 1885 at sense A. 1, and its context. A. n.² 1. A native inhabitant of the region of central Asia extending eastward from the Caspian Sea, and formerly known as Independent and Chinese Tartary. First known in the West as applied to the mingled host of Mongols, Tartars, Turks, etc., which under the leadership of Genghis Khan (1202–1227) overran and devastated much of Asia and Eastern Europe; hence applied to the descendants of these now dwelling in Asia or Europe; more strictly and ethnologically, to any member of the Tâtar or Turkic branch of the Ural-Altaic or Turanian family, embracing the Turks, Cossacks, and Kirghiz Tartars. (In all these uses, but esp. the last, now often written Tatar, Tâtar.) ΚΠ c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 20 This noble kyng this Tartre, Cambynskan. c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 258 This Tartre kyng. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iv. iii. 170 Therfore the tartaris haue their wyues in to the felde with hem. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. ccxxiii. 363 The dealyng of the turkes and tartaries with y^e portes and passages of the kynges, soudans and miscreantes. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. x. 86 Moores, Indians, or Tartares. 1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 18 It [the great wall] was for his defence against the Tartaries, with whome he had warres. 1589 C. Hall in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 621 They be like to Tartars, with long blacke haire, broad faces, and flatte noses. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 101 Looke how I goe. Swifter then arrow, from the Tartars bowe. View more context for this quotation a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Langs. & Relig. (1614) xiii. 94 It is alleaged that the word Tatari, or Totari, (for so indeed they are rightly called, as learned men obserue, and not Tartari) signifieth in the Syriaque and Hebrew tongues, a Residue or Remainder such as these Tartars are supposed to bee of the Ten Tribes. 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 241 Since the Tartars have been Emperors of China, the Lamas have succeeded the Chinese Bonzes in the Direction of Religious Affairs. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. i. i. 5 Into the body of the poor Tatars execrative Roman History intercalated an alphabetic letter; and so they continue Tartars, of fell Tartarean nature, to this day. 1842 Penny Cycl. XXIV. 73 The name of Tatar is still given to the Turkish inhabitants of southern and eastern Russia... The Tatars call themselves Turks, and feel highly offended by being called Tatars, a name which in their idiom signifies ‘robbers’. 1842 tr. Let. S. Louis (a1270) in Penny Cycl. XXIV. 73 In the present danger of the Tartars either we shall push them back into the Tartarus whence they are come, or they will bring us all into heaven. 1885 E. Pears Fall Constantinople 15 (note) I write Tartar instead of Tatar because I agree with Dr. Koelle that the first is the form which the Tartars themselves used until they came into contact with foreigners, like the Chinese and Russians, who had changed the form of the word. 2. Transferred uses. a. A military valet. [So in French.] ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > military servant > [noun] knighta1100 squirec1290 page?a1400 custrona1425 varlet1470 custrel1474 esquire1477 servitora1513 valet1591 stokaghea1599 calo1617 bedet1633 Tartar1747 batman1755 goujat1776 waiter1828 striker1867 beltman1869 doggy1909 dingbat1918 batwoman1941 1747 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 570/2 13,421 Convents of monks..which may be called the Field regiments, and, together with the brother servitors, invalids, tartars and scullions, may amount to 160,000. 1839 tr. A. de Lamartine Trav. in East 168/1 Our moukres, Tatars, and horsemen, bivouacked in the orchards. †b. An old cant name for a strolling vagabond, a thief, a beggar. Cf. Bohemian n., Gypsy n. and adj., Tartarian n. b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > [noun] thief688 bribera1387 stealer1508 taker?a1513 goodfellow1566 snatcher1575 lift1591 liftera1592 larcin1596 Tartar1602 lime-twig1606 outparter1607 Tartarian1608 flick1610 puggard1611 gilt1620 nim1630 highwayman1652 cloyer1659 out-trader1660 Robin Goodfellow1680 birdlime1705 gyp1728 filch1775 kiddy1780 snaveller1781 larcenist1803 pincher1814 geach1821 wharf-rat1823 toucher1837 larcener1839 snammer1839 drummer1856 gun1857 forker1867 gunsmith1869 nabber1880 thiever1899 tea-leaf1903 gun moll1908 nicker1909 knocker-off1926 possum1945 scuffler1961 rip-off1969 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [noun] > without fixed aim or wandering > vagrancy or vagabondage > vagabond or tramp harlot?c1225 raikera1400 vacabond1404 vagrant1444 gangrela1450 briber?c1475 palliard1484 vagabondc1485 rogue1489 wavenger1493 hermit1495 gaberlunzie1508 knight of the field1508 loiterer1530 straggler1530 runagate1534 ruffler1535 hedge-creeper1548 Abraham man1567 cursitor1567 runner1567 walker1567 tinker1575 traveller1598 Tartar1602 stravagant1606 wagand1614 Circumcellion1623 meechera1625 hedge-bird1631 gaberlunzie man1649 tramp1664 stroller1681 jockey1685 bird of passage1717 randy1724 tramper1760 stalko1804 vagabondager1813 rintherout1814 piker1838 pikey1838 beachcomber1840 roadster1851 vagabondizer1860 roustabout1862 bum1864 migratory1866 potter1867 sundowner1868 vag1868 walkabout1872 transient1877 Murrumbidgee whaler1878 rouster1882 run-the-hedge1882 whaler1883 shaughraun1884 heather-cat1886 hobo1889 tussocker1889 gay cat1893 overlander1898 stake-man1899 stiff1899 bindle-stiff1900 dingbat1902 stew-bum1902 tired Tim (also Timothy)1906 skipper1925 Strandlooper1927 knight of the road1928 hobohemian1936 plain turkey1955 scrub turkey1955 derro1963 jakey1988 crusty1990 1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor iv. v. 18 Here is a Bohemian tarter[1623 Bohemian-Tartar] bully, tarries the comming downe of the fat woman: Let her descend. 1697 J. Vanbrugh Relapse iv. 84 Here, pursue this Tartar, bring him back. c. As an opprobrious appellation. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > as abused warlockOE swinec1175 beastc1225 wolf's-fista1300 avetrolc1300 congeonc1300 dirtc1300 slimec1315 snipec1325 lurdanc1330 misbegetc1330 sorrowa1350 shrew1362 jordan1377 wirlingc1390 frog?a1400 warianglea1400 wretcha1400 horcop14.. turdc1400 callet1415 lotterela1450 paddock?a1475 souter1478 chuff?a1500 langbain?c1500 cockatrice1508 sow1508 spink1508 wilrone1508 rook?a1513 streaker?a1513 dirt-dauber?1518 marmoset1523 babiona1529 poll-hatcheta1529 bear-wolf1542 misbegotten1546 pig1546 excrement1561 mamzer1562 chuff-cat1563 varlet1566 toada1568 mandrake1568 spider1568 rat1571 bull-beef1573 mole-catcher1573 suppository1573 curtal1578 spider-catcher1579 mongrela1585 roita1585 stickdirta1585 dogfish1589 Poor John1589 dog's facec1590 tar-boxa1592 baboon1592 pot-hunter1592 venom1592 porcupine1594 lick-fingers1595 mouldychaps1595 tripe1595 conundrum1596 fat-guts1598 thornback1599 land-rat1600 midriff1600 stinkardc1600 Tartar1600 tumbril1601 lobster1602 pilcher1602 windfucker?1602 stinker1607 hog rubber1611 shad1612 splay-foot1612 tim1612 whit1612 verdugo1616 renegado1622 fish-facea1625 flea-trapa1625 hound's head1633 mulligrub1633 nightmare1633 toad's-guts1634 bitch-baby1638 shagamuffin1642 shit-breech1648 shitabed1653 snite1653 pissabed1672 bastard1675 swab1687 tar-barrel1695 runt1699 fat-face1740 shit-sack1769 vagabond1842 shick-shack1847 soor1848 b1851 stink-pot1854 molie1871 pig-dog1871 schweinhund1871 wind-sucker1880 fucker1893 cocksucker1894 wart1896 so-and-so1897 swine-hound1899 motherfucker1918 S.O.B.1918 twat1922 mong1926 mucker1929 basket1936 cowson1936 zombie1936 meatball1937 shower1943 chickenshit1945 mugger1945 motherferyer1946 hooer1952 morpion1954 mother1955 mother-raper1959 louser1960 effer1961 salaud1962 gunk1964 scunge1967 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 264 Thy loue? Out tawny Tartar, out. View more context for this quotation 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Tartar, a covetous, griping person. 3. figurative. a. A person supposed to resemble a Tartar in disposition; a rough and violent or irritable and intractable person. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > [noun] > that which is difficult > a difficult thing or person sluta1475 nut1540 Tartar1669 bitch1699 handful1755 tickler1825 pebble1829 hard ticket1847 tough nut1862 bear1876 Roger1885 trier1893 peb1903 heller1923 pawful1925 honey1932 sod1936 toughie1945 motherfucker1948 hard-arse1966 the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > savage person > [noun] wolfa900 liona1225 beastc1225 wild manc1290 tiger?a1513 Turk1536 club-fist1575 scourgemutton1581 wolver1593 vulture1605 savage1609 inhuman1653 brutal1655 Tartar1669 hyena1671 dragoon1712 Huna1744 panther1822 the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > [noun] > irascible person wasp1496 shit-fire1598 flesh-pistol1608 tinder-box1608 touchwood1617 Tartar1669 touch and go1675 spitfire1684 vengeance1712 spunkie1821 pepperbox1822 tempest1852 pepperer1864 gingersnap1889 pepperpot1894 spit-cat1898 spit kitten1912 slow burner1930 fireball1931 pop-off1938 society > authority > lack of subjection > [noun] > insubordinate person > intractable person repugnant1625 Tartar1669 ugly customer1811 recalcitrant1825 non-compliant1854 intractable1883 non-cooperator1896 hardcore1916 badman1954 badass1956 banduluc1977 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > fierceness > [noun] > person or being wolfa900 liona1225 wild manc1290 boar1297 fell1340 tiger?a1513 centaur1565 wolver1593 to speak bandog and Bedlam1600 vulture1605 killbuck1612 man-tigera1652 Tartar1669 hyena1671 dragoon1712 vampire1741 Huna1744 panther1868 the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > ill nature in woman or shrewishness > [noun] > shrew scoldc1175 shrewc1386 viragoc1386 scolder1423 common scold1467 wild cat1570 vixen1575 callet1577 termagant1578 (Long) Meg of Westminster1589 butter whore1592 cotquean1593 scrattop1593 scoldsterc1600 butter-quean1613 Xantippea1616 fury1620 Tartar1669 fish-woman1698 cross-patch1699 Whitechapel fortune1734 brimstone1751 randy1762 fish-fag1786 rantipole1790 skellata1810 skimmington1813 targer1822 skellat-bell1827 catamaran1834 nagster1873 yenta1923 1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant ii. i. 19 I never knew your Grandmother was a Scotch woman: is she not a Tartar too. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 12 He is generally a tartar at bottom; a sharper, a spy, or a lunatic. 1778 F. Burney Let. Aug. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1994) III. 89 They will little think what a Tartar you carry to them! 1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto I clxxxiv. 95 His blood was up; though young, he was a Tartar. a1845 T. Hood Tale of Temper i However, cooks are generally Tartars. 1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. viii. 67 The old man was a awful Tartar. 1891 Athenæum 11 Apr. 469/2 When provoked he proved a tartar. b. slang. One hard to beat or surpass in skill, an adept, a ‘champion’. (Cf. slang use of ‘bully’.) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > champion or expert champion1721 championess1728 cock of the school1732 Tartar1785 star1811 holder1830 champ1868 scratch-man1877 scratch-player1888 back-marker1895 title holder1900 titlist1912 three-letter man1929 tiger1929 stickout1933 starlet1976 1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (at cited word) He is quite a tartar at cricket, or billiards. 4. Phrase: to catch a Tartar: to get hold of one who can neither be controlled nor got quit of; to tackle one who unexpectedly proves to be too formidable. Also in allusive expressions. ΚΠ 1674 S. Butler Hudibras (new ed.) i. iii. 175 Now thou hast got me for a Tartar, To make m 'gainst my will take quarter. 1680 J. Dryden Kind Keeper v. i. 62 What a Tartar have I caught! 1690 J. Mackenzie Siege London-derry 39/2 As it happily fell out, they Catcht a Tartar. 1700 S. L. tr. C. Frick Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 96 I rather hug'd my self that I had let my Tartar go. 1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 281 Tell him, if he try, he may catch a Tartar. 1725 New Canting Dict. (at cited word) To catch a Tartar, is said, among the Canting Varlets, when a Rogue attacks one that he thinks a Passenger, but proves to be of this Class.., who, in his Turn,..robs,..and binds him. 1850 H. T. Cheever Whale & his Captors vi. 100 Many an old whaler..has been compelled to give in as beat when fast to one of these ‘Northwest Tartars’ [sc. whales]. 1897 F. Marryat Blood of Vampire xiv You must give up flirting, my boy, or if I mistake not, you'll find you've caught a Tartar. 5. (absol. use of B.) The language of the Tartars. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Altaic > [noun] > Turkic > Tartar Tartar1668 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. i. i. §3. 3 The European Tartar, or Scythian, from which some conceive our Irish to have had its original. 1862 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 7 272 They have by some been designated the ‘Tartar’, by others the ‘Finnish’, ‘Ural-Altaic’, ‘Mongolian’, and ‘Turanian’. 1884 G. Smith Short Hist. Christian Missions ix. 109 He [Monte Corvino, 1305] translated the New Testament and Psalter into Tartar. B. adj. 1. Of or pertaining to the people referred to in sense A. 1, or their country. Also noting animals, plants, etc., belonging to Tartary. Tartar bread n. see Tartarian n. b. ΚΠ 1731 A. Bower Historia Litteraria 3 250 He settles wherever he comes, and like a Tartar-Hord, never quits the Ground while there is a bit of green Herbage left. 1811 J. Pinkerton Mod. Geogr. (ed. 3) 346 A beautiful Tatar girl astride on a cow. 1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul iv. ii. 478 Their features..refer them at once to the Tartar stock. 1842 J. B. Fraser Mesopot. & Assyria xv. 369 There were also the shore-lark..and the Tartar lark (A[lauda] tartarica of Pallas). 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 168/2 Tartar Bread, the fleshy root of Crambe tatarica. 1868 St. Paul's Mag. July 485 Scratch an amateur actor as you would a Russian, and the Tartar vanity will come through. 1883 W. R. Morfill Slavonic Lit. i. 6 The Russian language is hemmed in on..the east by Finnish and Tatar dialects. 2. figurative. Tartar-like; rough and violent, savage. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > [adjective] grimlyc893 retheeOE grim971 bitterOE bremec1175 grillc1175 grimfula1240 cruel1297 sturdy1297 fiercea1300 fellc1300 boistousa1387 felonousc1386 savagea1393 bestiala1398 bremelya1400 felona1400 hetera1400 cursedc1400 wicked14.. vengeablec1430 wolvishc1430 unnatural?1473 inhuman1481 brutisha1513 cruent1524 felonish1530 mannish1530 abominate1531 lionish1549 boarish?1550 truculent?c1550 unhumanc1550 lion-like1556 beastly1558 orped1567 raw?1573 tigerish?1573 unmanlike1579 boisterous1581 savaged1583 tiger-like1587 yond1590 truculental1593 savage wild1595 tigerous1597 inhumane1598 Neronian1598 immane1599 Phalarical1602 ungentle1603 feral1604 savagious1605 fierceful1607 Dionysian1608 wolvy1611 Hunnish1625 lionly1631 tigerly1633 savage-hearted1639 brutal1641 feroce1641 ferocious1646 asperous1650 ferousa1652 wolfish1674 tiger1763 savage-fierce1770 Tartar1809 Tartarly1821 Neroic1851 tigery1859 Neronic1864 unmannish1867 inhumanitarian1947 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > fierceness > [adjective] grimlyc893 wrothc893 reighOE grima1000 grillc1175 witherc1175 grimfula1240 sturdy1297 wild1297 fiercea1300 man-keenc1300 stoutc1300 cruelc1330 fell?c1335 wicked1375 felonousc1386 felona1400 cursedc1400 runishc1400 keen?c1425 roid?c1425 wolvishc1430 ranishc1450 malicious1485 mankind1519 mannish1530 lionish1549 truculent?c1550 lion-like1556 tigerish?1573 tiger-like1587 truculental1593 Amazonian1595 tigerous1597 feral1604 fierceful1607 efferous1614 lionly1631 tigerly1633 feroce1641 ferocious1646 asperous1650 ferousa1652 blusterous1663 wolfish1674 boarisha1718 savage-fierce1770 Tartar1809 Tartarly1821 wolfy1828 savagerous1832 hawkish1841 tigery1859 attern1868 Hunnish1915 1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. ii. vii. 285 Little do you fathom my character, to be deceived..by my Tartar contour! 1880 J. Nicol Poems & Songs 23 The winter came with all its Tartar rigour. Compounds C1. Tartar-like adj. ΚΠ 1827 T. L. McKenney Sketches Tour to Lakes 380 [The Chippeway Indians] Their tents and belts are all Tartar-like. 1837 Boston Advert. 17 Jan. 4/4 Miss Stevens was a tartar~like looking lady, very long and unbending. C2. Tartar-nosed adj. snub-nosed like a Tartar. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > nose > [adjective] > types of nose > having cammed?c1350 camoised1393 nosed?1440 hook-nosed1519 snat-nosed1519 flat-nosed1530 bottle-nosed1566 chamoy-nosed1598 saddle-nosed1598 swine-snouted1600 camois-nosed1601 round-nosed1611 nosy1620 flat-nose1636 simous1656 sharp-nosed1675 tutty-nosed1681 Roman-nosed1688 snut-nosed1706 snub-nosed1725 camois1745 blunt-nosed1772 pug-nosed1788 snipy1825 button-nosed1830 nip-nosed1831 leptorrhinian1878 leptorrhine1880 snub1883 knob-nosed1886 long-nose1896 Tartar-nosed1897 Ally Sloper1901 beaky-nosed1923 1897 G. Allen Type-writer Girl xiv He..called you a Tartar-nosed imp. tartar sauce n. (also tartare sauce) [translating French sauce tartare] a sauce made of mayonnaise and chopped gherkins, capers, etc., usually served with fish. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > sauce or dressing > [noun] > sauces for fish Dutch sauce1573 ramolade1702 fish-sauce1728 Hollandaise sauce1841 tartar sauce1855 Holland sauce1877 Marie Rose1920 meunière sauce1984 1855 E. Acton Mod. Cookery (rev. ed.) vi. 143 Tartar sauce. (Sauce à la Tartare)... Tartar-mustard..is to be preferred to English for this sauce. 1889 C. Owen Choice Cookery 48 Tartare sauce is mayonnaise with the addition of mustard, chives, pickles, and tarragon, chopped. 1951 Good Housek. Home Encycl. 677/1 Tartare Sauce..is served with fish, salads, and such vegetables as globe artichokes. 1959 Good Food Guide 292 Seafood pilaf with tartare sauce. 1973 ‘D. Jordan’ Nile Green xxiii. 93 The waiter..nearly tipped the tartare sauce down Mara's neck. Derivatives † Tartaˈresque adj. Obsolete rare Tartar (language) ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Altaic > [adjective] > Turkic > of specific Turkic languages Nogai1589 Tartaresque1699 Chaghatai1798 Ghuzz1866 Kashgar1875 Oghuzian1880 Kazakh1886 Sart1898 Kipchak1953 Tuvinian1954 Oghuz1959 Tuvan1989 1699 P. Gordon Geogr. Anatomized (ed. 2) ii. ii. 240 The Language us'd by the Asiatick Tartars, is not much different from the Tartaresque, spoken by those of Crim Tartary..and both have a great Affinity with the Turkish. ˈTartarism n. a Tartar state or condition. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Turk > [noun] > state or condition Tartarism1892 1892 Harper's Mag. July 255/1 A line which divides the Tartarism of Russia from the civilization of Europe. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † tartarn.³ Forms: Also Middle English tarter, tartyr, tartor, Middle English–1500s tartir, (1500s tarterus, tartarium). Etymology: = Old French tartare , tartaire (c1300 in Godefroy), medieval Latin tartarium , tartareus (pannus ) ‘cloth of Tartary’. Compare tars n., tartarin n.¹ 2. Obsolete. a. A rich kind of cloth, probably silk, used in 15th and 16th centuries; the same as tartarin n.¹ 2. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from silk > [noun] > types of > from specific place > from the East tartarin1343 Tartaryc1400 tartar1473 atlas1687 1473 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 16 Item, for v. elne of tartar to lyne a gowne of clath of gold to the King. 1488 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 85 Item, a couering of variand purpir tartar, browdin with thrissillis and a vnicorne. 1494 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 224 j ell of tartor to lyne the hud. 1496 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 298 Item, for viij elne of tartyr, to the Kingis jakat of clath of gold,..vijli. iiijs. 1501 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 28 Item, for half an elne tartir to the tothir scarlet hos to bordour thaim with. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxv^v/1 Item of carde bokram fustian clothes of gold & of Silke veluet damask Sateyn taffata tarterus couerchis..the same brokar shal haue for the valur of euery xx. s. iij. d'. 1598 Floure & Leafe in T. Speght Wks. G. Chaucer f. 366^v/2 On euery trumpe hanging a broad banere Of fine Tartarium were ful richely bete. 1602 W. Segar Honor Mil. & Civill ii. xi. 71 One Knight shall giue him his shirt, another his hose, the third his dublet, another shall apparell him in a kertle of red Tartar. 1880 G. C. M. Birdwood Indian Arts II. 73 Tartariums, Colonel Yule believes, were so called ‘not because they were made in Tartary, but because they were brought from China through the Tartar dominions’.] b. Comb. tartar-satin. ΚΠ 1483–4 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 35 Pro tribus le nailes de tartersaten' pro emendacione vestamenti. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † Tartarn.⁴ Forms: Also 1500s Tartare. Etymology: < French tartare, or < Latin Tartarus, < Greek Τάρταρος. Obsolete. = Tartarus n.; the infernal regions; hell. Also attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [noun] > in classical mythology helleOE Acherona1393 the shadows1490 Tartara1525 Tartarus1586 Tartaryc1588 the shades1594 Hades1599 a1525 Ballat Our Lady in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 271 Tryvmphand tempill of þe trinite That torned ws fra tarter eternale. 1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 1294 His snakie wand, With which the damned ghosts he governeth, And furies rules, and Tartare tempereth. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. v. 199 If you wil see it follow me. To. To the gates of Tartar, thou most excellent diuell of wit. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iv. ii. 32. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † tartarv. Etymology: < tartar n.¹ Obsolete. rare. trans. To treat with tartar-emetic. In quot. 1647 with play on tartar n.¹, Tartarus. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > treat with drugs [verb (transitive)] > treat with specific drugs or medicines tartar1647 blue-pill1824 mercurialize1825 opium1825 treacle1839 tartar-emeticize1844 quinine1858 quininize1860 cinchonize1863 veratrize1891 oxalate1894 tuberculinize1897 citrate1903 strychninize1934 juice1973 1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 17 When I want physick for my body, I would not have my soule tartared: nor my Animall Spirits purged. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.¹c1386n.²adj.c1386n.³1473n.⁴a1525v.1647
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tartarn.1

Compounds

TartarTatarn.2adj.

Compounds

Derivatives

† tartarn.3

† Tartarn.4

† tartarv.

tartarn.¹

TartarTatarn.²adj.

† tartarn.³

† Tartarn.⁴