† teenfuladj.n.
Obsolete.
1. Angry, wrathful; malicious, spiteful.Often difficult to distinguish from sense 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > spitefulness > [adjective]
teenfulOE
atteryc1175
ondfula1200
maliciousa1250
doggedc1300
enviousc1330
venoma1350
spitous?a1366
despitousc1374
heinous?a1400
venomyc1400
sinister1411
sputousc1420
doggish?a1425
cankered?a1439
doggya1450
sinistrous1460
spity1481
despiteful1488
spiteful1490
despiteous?1510
viperious?1510
peevisha1522
maliceful1522
envyful1530
viperinec1540
viperous?1542
vipered1560
uncanny1596
dogged-sprighted1600
maliced1602
ill-minded1611
virulent1613
ill-hearteda1617
doleful1617
spitish1627
splenial1641
litherlya1643
venomsome1660
slim1674
viper1721
vipereal1750
viperish1755
vicious1825
waspish1855
viperian1866
viperan1877
cattish1883
catty1886
bitchy1928
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > [adjective]
loathOE
teenfulOE
nithefulOE
ondfula1200
maliciousa1250
doggedc1300
enviousc1330
venomousa1340
venoma1350
spitous?a1366
despitousc1374
heinous?a1400
unkindlya1400
venomyc1400
sinister1411
sputousc1420
doggish?a1425
cankered?a1439
doggya1450
sinistrous1460
spity1481
despiteful1488
spiteful1490
despiteous?1510
viperious?1510
peevisha1522
envyful1530
viperous1535
viperinec1540
vipered1560
bad-minded1588
uncanny1596
dogged-sprighted1600
toothsome1601
maliced1602
ill-minded1611
virulent1613
ill-hearteda1617
doleful1617
spitish1627
ill-meaning1633
splenial1641
litherlya1643
venomsome1660
slim1668
cat-witted1672
vipereal1750
viperish1755
méchant1813
vicious1825
maliceful1840
mean1841
waspish1855
viperian1866
viperan1877
cattish1883
catty1886
bad mind1904
bitchy1908
OE Ælfric Old Test. Summary: Maccabees (Julius) in W. W. Skeat Ælfric's Lives of Saints (1900) II. 114 Þa wolde Alchimus se arleasa sacerd tobrecan Godes templ mid teonfullum graman.
OE Ælfric Homily (Trin. Cambr. B.15.34) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1968) II. 504 Se beam [on þinum eagan] getacnað þa teonfullan hatunge, þæt þu hatige þone man mid hetelum mode.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2289 Þer þreo & fifti scipen..in þa teonfulle sæ. torneden sæiles.
a1425 (?a1400) Cloud of Unknowing (Harl. 674) (1944) 36 (MED) A teenful passion & an appetite of vengaunce, þe whiche is clepid Wraþ.
c1450 (?a1400) Parl. Thre Ages (BL Add. 31042) 163 (MED) He was..Totheles and tenefull..Envyous and angrye, and Elde was his name.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 185 Þen Thelamon was tenfull & turnyt into yre.
1570 R. Sempill Deploratioun Cruel Murther James Erle of Murray (new ed.) (single sheet) O Teinfull tratouris!
1572 R. Sempill Lament. Commounis Scotl. (single sheet) O tenefull Tyrane!
2.
a. Causing trouble or sorrow; vexatious, troublesome, painful, grievous, distressing. In later use English regional, Scottish, or archaic.Often difficult to distinguish from sense 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > [adjective] > annoying or vexatious
angeeOE
swinkfuleOE
plightlyOE
teenfulOE
contrariousc1320
drefa1325
troublinga1325
despitousa1340
thornya1340
discomfortablec1350
troublablec1374
noyousa1382
noyfulc1384
diseasy1387
angrya1393
painful1395
hackinga1400
annoying?c1400
annoyousc1400
cumbrousc1400
teenc1400
annoyfulc1405
sputousc1420
diseasefula1425
molest?a1425
noying?a1425
noisomea1450
grievingc1450
tedious?1454
troublous1463
noisantc1475
displeasant1481
strouble1488
nuisant1494
noyanta1500
irksome1513
sturting1513
molestious1524
vexatious1534
cumbersome1535
uncommodious1541
spiteful1548
vexing?1548
incommodious1551
molestous1555
diseasing1558
grating1563
pestilent1565
sturtsome1570
molestuousa1572
troublesome1573
murrain1575
discommodable1579
galling1583
spiny1586
unsupportable1586
troubleful1588
plaguey1594
distressingc1595
molestful1596
molesting1598
vexful1598
fretful1603
briery1604
bemadding1608
mortifying1611
tiry1611
distressfula1616
irking1629
angersome1649
disobliging1652
discomforting1654
incomfortable1655
incommode1672
ruffling1680
unconvenient1683
pestifying1716
trying1718
offending1726
bothering1765
pesky1775
weary1785
sturty1788
unaccommodating1790
tiresome1798
werriting1808
bothersome1817
plaguesome1828
pestilential1833
fretsome1834
languorous1834
pesty1834
pestersome1843
nettlesome1845
miserable1850
niggling1854
distempering1855
be-maddeninga1861
nattery1873
nagging1883
pestiferous1890
trouble-giving1893
maddening1896
molestive1905
nuisancy1906
balls-aching?1912
nuisance1922
nattering1949
noodgy1969
dickheaded1991
dickish1991
cockish1996
OE Stowe Psalter lxxvii. 8 Generatio praua et exasperans, generatio quę non direxit cor suum : mægþe þweor & teonful cynrin þa þe ne rehte heorte his.
OE Wulfstan Homily: Larspell (Corpus Cambr. 421) in A. S. Napier Wulfstan (1883) 273 Hu læne and hu lyðre þis lif is, hu sarlic and hu sorhful and hu geswincful and hu teonful.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2666 Ȝe grettli aren a-greued..for þise tenful trauayles.
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) lxxvii. 10 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 209 Þat þai ne be, als þar fadres fals, Getynge wike and tenefulle als.
a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 1754 Teneful talys I may þe sey.
a1522 G. Douglas Palis of Honoure sig. D.ii With payne, torment, thus in thayr teynfull play Till Venus bund thay led me furth the way.
c1586 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 37 Lat pitie perce ȝow to Lament my paine; Sic teinfull terror on my bodie lyis.
c1600 (c1350) Alisaunder (Greaves) (1929) l. 282 Hee made a very vow avenged too beene Of þat teenefull tach þat hee tooke þere.
1612 W. S. Funerall Elegye sig. B3 O! whether tends the lamentable spight Of this worlds teen-full apprehension?
a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Teenful, troublesome; vexatious.
1861 J. N. Paton Poems by Painter 74 A barbèd shaft had ript a teenful wound,..that bled full cruelly.
b. Harmful, injurious. Also: insulting, abusive.In quot. OE1 as n.: a harmful person.In quot. c14501 perhaps: lamentable, deplorable, pernicious: cf. sense 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [adjective]
litherc893
scathefulc900
balefulOE
orneOE
teenfulOE
evilc1175
venomousc1290
scathela1300
prejudiciala1325
fell?c1335
harmfula1340
grievous1340
ill1340
wicked1340
noisomea1382
venomed1382
noyfulc1384
damageousc1386
mischievousc1390
unwholesomea1400
undisposingc1400
damnablec1420
prejudiciable1429
contagiousc1440
damagefulc1449
pestiferous1458
damageable1474
pestilent?a1475
nuisable1483
nocible1490
nuisible1490
nuisant1494
noxiousa1500
nocent?c1500
pestilential1531
tortious1532
pestilentious1533
nocive1538
offensivea1548
vitiating1547
dangerous1548
offending1552
dispendious1557
injurious1559
offensible1575
offensant1578
baneful1579
incommodious1579
prejudicious1579
prejudical1595
inimicous1598
damnifiable1604
taking1608
obnoxious1612
nocivousc1616
mischieving1621
nocuous1627
nocumentous1644
disserviceable1645
inimical1645
detrimentous1648
injuring1651
detrimental1656
inimicitial1656
nocumental1657
incommodous1677
fatal1681
inimic1696
nociferous1706
damnific1727
inimicable1805
violational1821
insalutary1836
detrimentary1841
wronging1845
unsalvatory1850
damaging1856
damnous1870
wack1986
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious
litherc893
scathefulc900
orneOE
teenfulOE
atterlichc1050
evilc1175
wicka1250
scathela1300
deringa1325
unkindc1330
harmfula1340
ill1340
wicked1340
shrewdc1380
noisomea1382
venomed1382
noyfulc1384
damageousc1386
infectivea1398
unwholesomea1400
annoying?c1400
mischievous1414
damnablec1420
contagiousc1430
mischievable?a1439
damagefulc1449
damageable1474
unhappy1474
nuisable1483
nocible1490
nuisible1490
nuisant1494
noxiousa1500
nocent?c1500
hurtful1526
sinistral1534
nocive1538
offendent1547
offensivea1548
dangerous1548
naughtya1555
dispendious1557
offensible1575
wrackful1578
baneful1579
hindersome1580
scandalizing1593
damnifiable1604
taking1608
toadish1611
illful1613
nocivousc1616
mischieving1621
nocuous1627
obnoxious1638
nocumentous1644
vicious1656
nocumental1657
abnoxious1680
dungeonable1691
offending1694
hurtsomea1699
nociferous1706
sinister1726
damnific1727
hazardous1748
slaughtering1811
damaging1856
damnous1870
lethal1942
OE Daniel 254 Hyssas wæron bliðemode, burnon scealcas ymb ofn utan, alet gehwearf teonfullum on teso.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xi. 102 Þa wæron hi æfter æþelborennysse oferhydige and hearmcwydole... Hi..ðurhwunedon on heora teonfullum wordum.
OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 109 Infidus, ungetreowe. Iniuriosus, teonful. Contentiosus, geflitful.
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 65 We weron..yrres bearn itealde, mid teonfulle weorcce.
a1225 ( Rule St. Benet (Winteney) (1888) vii. 37 Ge eac Godes bebeod on earfoþlican þingan & on teonfullen [OE Corpus Cambr. teonrædena; L. iniuriis] þurh þolebyrdnysse ȝefylloð.
c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) l. 566 Many men upon molde made hure [read hue] by slithe To haunte hure in hordom..Of hure tenful tach ȝe taken ensample.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 3907 Wild berys..With ilka tenefull tothe as tyndis of harowis.
c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) l. 15763 (MED) With hyre þan dwelled a damsell þat styrd hyr maystryse oft to stryfe by tenfull tayles þat scho wold tell of hyr þat lad euer honest lyfe.
a1500 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Douce) l. 605 (MED) Al þe cost of knyȝt he carf downe clene..With a teneful touche he taȝt him in tene.
3. Feeling sorrow or grief; sorrowful, sad. Also in extended use. In later use archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective]
sorelyc888
gramec893
sorrowfuleOE
unblithec897
sorryeOE
carefulOE
charyOE
sickOE
yomerOE
sorry-moodOE
sweerc1000
yomerlyOE
sorrilyOE
woea1200
balec1220
sorry?c1225
sorec1275
sorec1275
gremefula1300
sada1300
ruthlyc1300
thoughtfulc1300
woebegonea1325
heavyc1330
grievousc1374
woefula1375
sorrowya1382
dereful?a1400
sorousa1400
sytefula1400
teenfula1400
wrotha1400
balefulc1400
tristy?c1400
tristc1420
dolefulc1430
wapped in woec1440
yhevidc1440
dolenta1450
condolentc1460
discomforted1477
tristfula1492
sorrow1496
dram?a1513
dolorous1513
earnful?1527
troublous1535
amort1546
mournfula1558
passioned1560
sadded1566
tristive1578
distressed1586
passionate1586
sorrowed1596
distressful1601
passionful1605
sighful1606
contristed1625
anguishinga1642
sadful1658
saddened1665
tristitious1694
sick as a parrot1705
pangful1727
woesome1778
grieving1807
ruesome1833
yearned1838
doleant1861
mournsome1869
thoughted1869
tragical1887
grief-stricken1905
a1400 Siege Jerusalem (Laud) (1932) l. 213 (MED) With out tribute or trewes, tenfulle wyes, Þe knyȝtes with þe kerchef comen ful blyue.
c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 4280 (MED) In a tenefull tym this torfere was rereryde, That for a traytoure has tynte all my trewe lordys.
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxl v O badde & strayte ben thilke that at their departynge maketh men teneful and sory.
1776 D. Herd Anc. & Mod. Sc. Songs (ed. 2) I. 12 He wrang his hands, he rent his hair, And wept in teenefu' muid.
1887 M. J. Cawein Blooms of Berry 167 O'er teenful eyes she bent the light Of her crown-crescent's gem.
1922 R. A. Nicholson tr. Transl. Eastern Poetry & Prose 91 With bloodshot eyes And teenful heart and cheeks how wan.
Derivatives
teenfully adv. sorrowfully, sadly, lamentably, grievously; harmfully, injuriously; angrily, wrathfully.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adverb]
evilc1275
balefullya1375
harmfullyc1374
teenfullya1375
wickedlya1375
unsoundlyc1400
ill1483
mischievously1512
noisomely1589
infectiously1609
evilly1631
damageably1648
poisonously1746
noxiously1755
injuriously1809
nocuously1847
damagingly1854
banefully1865
damnously1884
the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [adverb]
evilc1275
balefullya1375
harmfullyc1374
teenfullya1375
wickedlya1375
unsoundlyc1400
prejudicially1467
ill1483
mischievously1512
pestilently1528
badly1580
noisomely1589
infectiously1609
prejudiciously1614
evilly1631
damageably1648
deleteriously1657
disserviceablya1670
noxiously1755
injuriously1809
nocuously1847
damagingly1854
banefully1865
detrimentally1879
damnously1884
the mind > emotion > anger > [adverb]
hotlyeOE
wrothec950
wrothlyOE
moodilyOE
thraftlyc1275
wrathfullyc1330
teenfullya1375
heavyc1380
angerlya1387
angrilyc1400
irouslya1450
fumously1459
wrethfullyc1475
hot1487
irefully1490
wrothfullya1500
wrothly?a1500
melancholily1536
enragedlya1572
fumingly1597
iracundiously1599
teenouslya1600
passionately1615
warmly1776
wrathily1847
heatedly1862
irately1883
spunkily1890
wrothily1898
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adverb]
wrothec950
heavilyc1000
sorrowlyOE
sorrilylOE
sorrowfullyc1225
dolefullyc1290
sadlya1375
teenfullya1375
wrothlyc1374
unwinlya1400
grievouslyc1400
unblithely1415
tristily?c1450
sad?a1475
sytefully1488
earnfully?1527
dolently1548
mournfully?1567
distressfully1593
passionately1604
tragicly1604
grievingly1623
distressedly1890
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > [adverb]
grievously1303
teenfullya1375
griefc1400
infestuously1604
on, upon the back of1608
pesteringly1657
harassingly1822
the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adverb] > in manner to cause sorrow or grief
sorrowfullyc1225
griefly1340
balefullya1375
teenfullya1375
grieffullya1400
unwinlya1400
sorrowfulc1415
tristfully1880
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [adverb] > grievously or extremely
swith971
hardOE
teenfullya1375
foullya1400
thickc1400
violently?a1425
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 437 A fers feintise folwes me oft, & takes me so tenefully.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 160 Greving and gretyng and gryspyng harde Of teþe tenfully togeder.
c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 272 (MED) He askyde me tyrauntly tribute of Rome, That tenefully tynt was in tym of myn elders.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xvi. 185 Fremen ar his thrall, Full teynfully torne.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 184v Than thelamon..tenfully spake..all in grym yre.
c1600 (c1350) Alisaunder (Greaves) (1929) l. 353 The Tebenieines teenfully tooke this oþer, And to a riche raunson þe rinkes they putt.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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adj.n.OE- to etc a bad patch
- to etc a banker
- to etc a big hand
- to etc a blue streak
- to etc a brick wall
- to etc a bug in a person's ear
- to etc a discreet veil over
- to etc a etc hand
- to etc a feel for
- to etc a fire under
- to etc a game
- to etc a good hand
- to etc a great miss of
- to etc a hard bargain
- to etc a heavy miss of
- to etc a line in the sand
- to etc a little miss of
- to etc a living
- to etc a lock on
- to etc a lock on something
- to etc a maddie
- to etc a man when he is down
- to etc a mastery
- to etc a maying
- to etc a mile away