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单词 tempt
释义

temptn.

Etymology: apparently aphetic < attempt n.
Obsolete. rare.
= attempt n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > [noun] > an attempt
tastec1330
assayc1386
proffera1400
proof?a1400
pluck?1499
saymenta1500
minta1522
attemptate1531
attempt1548
attemption1565
say1568
trice1579
offer1581
fling1590
tempt1597
essay1598
trial1614
tentative1632
molition1643
conamen1661
put1661
tentamen1673
conatus1722
shot1756
go1784
ettle1790
shy1824
hack1830
try1832
pop1839
slap1840
venture1842
stagger1865
flutter1874
whack1884
whirl1884
smack1889
swipe1892
buck1913
lash1941
wham1957
play1961
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxvi. 225 By the issues of all tempts they found no certaine conclusion but this.
1652 E. Benlowes Theophila viii. xxxvii. 114 Because Gods Æqual, Serpents Tempts are quell'd.
1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) i. 114 Which [Castle] staueth of all tempts of strangers.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

temptv.

Brit. /tɛm(p)t/, U.S. /tɛm(p)t/
Forms: Middle English– tempt, Middle English–1600s temt, Middle English–1500s (Scottish -1800s) temp.
Etymology: < Old French and Anglo-Norman tempte-r (12–14th centuries), learned form, beside the popular form tenter , tanter < Latin temptāre , temtāre to handle, touch, feel, try the strength of, put to the test, try, attempt: compare Provençal temptar , Catalan tentar , Spanish tentar , Portuguese tentar , Italian tentare . The English form has always followed Latin tem(p)tare , the form tent being very rare (see tent v.2); but the noun temptation had from 13th cent. the doublet tentation, which during the 16th and 17th centuries was much used by theological writers.In inscriptions and early manuscripts, the Latin verb is always tempt- or temtāre ; this became in due course tentāre in Romanic (see above, and compare promptus , pronto , etc.); about the 13th cent. scribes began to introduce this spelling in Latin manuscripts, whence it came into printed books and Latin dictionaries, being supported by an assumed etymology as frequentative of tendĕre , tentum to stretch, strive, aim, endeavour, try (meeting at length with sense 3 below); but this is now rejected in favour of a root tem- , temp- : see Walde Lat. Etym. Wörterbuch s.v. tempto. Sense 4, a later development in Latin, common in the Vulgate and Christian use, is the earliest recorded in English.
I. To test, put to the test, try.
1.
a. To try, make trial of, put to the test or proof; to try the quality, worth, or truth of. Obsolete except as in 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > try or test [verb (transitive)]
fandc893
costeneOE
afondOE
provea1200
fraista1300
assay1330
sayc1330
try1362
approvec1380
examinea1382
winnowa1382
tempt1382
tastea1400
assailc1405
essay1484
scryc1615
sensea1688
test1748
trial1981
dogfood1997
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxii. 1 Aftyr that thes thingis weren doon, God temptide [a1425 L.V. assaiede] Abraham [1535 Coverd., After these actes God tempted Abraham; 1611 Bible, It came to pass after these things, that God did tempt [1885 ( R.V.) prove] Abraham].
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Dan. i. 12 Tempte [gloss or assaie; 1535 Coverd. Proue with; 1611, 1885 Prove] vs thi seruauntis ten days, and be potage ȝouen to vs for to ete.
c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 402 He hadde assayed hire ynogh bifore..what neded it Hire for to tempte and alwey moore and moore?
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 45 With questions echon of tho He tempteth ofte.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5030 Lauerd..þat..tempted abraham þi dere Of his aun sun offrand to mak.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 73/1 The quene of Saba cam fro fer contreys to see hym & to tempte hym in demaundes and questyons.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 117 To have some [sick persons] to go aboute..to prove & tempt theyr lovyng charyte.
16.. W. Mure Sonn. iii. 6 To try my treuth and temp my loyall loue.
1638 F. Quarles Hieroglyphikes xiii. 52 Tempt not your Salt beyond her power.
b. transferred. To act upon as a ‘trial’ or severe test; to try with afflictions; to afflict sorely, distress. Cf. attempt v. 4. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict
overharryeOE
aileOE
swencheOE
besetOE
traya1000
teenOE
to work (also do) (a person) woeOE
derve?c1225
grieve1297
harrya1300
noyc1300
travailc1300
to work (also do) annoyc1300
wrath14..
aggrievea1325
annoya1325
tribula1325
to hold wakenc1330
anguish1340
distrainc1374
wrap1380
strain1382
ermec1386
afflicta1393
cumbera1400
assayc1400
distressc1400
temptc1400
encumber1413
labour1437
infortune?a1439
stressa1450
trouble1489
arraya1500
constraina1500
attempt1525
misease1530
exercise1531
to hold or keep waking1533
try1539
to wring to the worse1542
pinch1548
affligec1550
trounce1551
oppress1555
inflict1566
overharl1570
strait1579
to make a martyr of1599
straiten1611
tribulatea1637
to put through the hoop(s)1919
snooter1923
the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)]
heavyc897
pineeOE
aileOE
sorryeOE
traya1000
sorrowOE
to work (also do) (a person) woeOE
angerc1175
smarta1200
to work, bake, brew balec1200
derve?c1225
grieve?c1225
sitc1225
sweam?c1225
gnawc1230
sughc1230
troublec1230
aggrievea1325
to think sweama1325
unframea1325
anguish1340
teen1340
sowa1352
distrainc1374
to-troublea1382
strain1382
unglad1390
afflicta1393
paina1393
distressa1400
hita1400
sorea1400
assayc1400
remordc1400
temptc1400
to sit (or set) one sorec1420
overthrow?a1425
visit1424
labour1437
passionc1470
arraya1500
constraina1500
misgrievea1500
attempt1525
exagitate1532
to wring to the worse1542
toil1549
lament1580
adolorate1598
rankle1659
try1702
to pass over ——1790
upset1805
to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823
to put (a person) through it1855
bludgeon1888
to get to ——1904
to put through the hoop(s)1919
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 283 Felle temptande tene towched his hert.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 152 b/2 And thise xvii first yere I was moche tempted by the brennyng of the sonne moche asprely.
2. To make trial of, put to the proof, or test, in a way that involves risk or peril.
a. to tempt God: to put to the test, or experiment presumptuously upon, His power, forbearance, etc.; to try how far one can go with Him; hence sometimes passing into ‘to provoke, defy’. So to tempt providence, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > defy > specific God, Heaven, or Providence
to tempt Goda1340
to tempt Goda1340
to tempt providence1714
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter lxxvii. 21 Þai tempte god þat puttis þaim selfe in any perill forto fande if god will delyuer þaim.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Deut. vi. 16 Thow shalt not tempte the Lord thi God, as thow hast temptid in the place of temptynge.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 43 He tempteth hevene and erthe and helle.
1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay sig. Biiv Thay sine alsua aganis this command that tempis god.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Tempt or prouoke, pellitio, tento, temto, verso.
1611 Bible (King James) Acts v. 9 How is it that yee have agreed together, to tempt the Spirit of the Lord? View more context for this quotation
1714 J. Swift Pres. State Affairs ⁋22 Religion teacheth us, that providence ought not to be tempted.
1716 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad II. v. 44 Nor tempt the Wrath of Heav'ns avenging Sire.
b. In to tempt fate, to tempt fortune, etc., the sense approaches a.
ΚΠ
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 119 Who thus ouerthrowne, resolued no more to tempt fortune.
1693 T. Creech tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires xiii. 270 Thy Perjur'd Friend will quickly tempt his Fate.
1746 P. Francis tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles i. i. 9 Wisely resolv'd to tempt his Fate no more.
c. to tempt (the storm, flood, sea, etc.): to adventure oneself in or upon; to risk the perils of. (Cf. attempt v. 2) Chiefly poetic. Also to tempt the worst, tempt reprisals, etc.
ΚΠ
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 404 Who shall tempt with wandring feet The dark unbottom'd infinite Abyss..? View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 100 The first to lead the Way, to tempt the Flood . View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 113 Nor tempt th' inclemency of Heav'n abroad. View more context for this quotation
1703 N. Rowe Ulysses iv. i Know'st thou what 'tis to tempt a Rage like mine?
1713 A. Pope Windsor-Forest 17 Tempt Icy Seas, where scarce the Waters roll.
1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. i. 28 I will tempt the worst at once.
1835 J. P. Kennedy Horse-shoe Robinson III. lii. 228 [They] preferred to tempt the rigors of the mountain rather than remain in their own dwellings.
3.
a. To try, endeavour, essay: with infinitive (to do something), or equiv. clause; = attempt v. 1.Sometimes aphetic for attempt v.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > make an attempt or endeavour [verb (intransitive)] > to do something
cuneOE
seekc1000
fanda1225
suec1325
tastec1330
enforcec1340
study1340
temptc1384
intendc1385
assaila1393
proffera1393
to make meansc1395
search?a1400
fraistc1400
pursuec1400
to go aboutc1405
pretend1482
attempta1513
essay?1515
attend1523
regarda1533
offer1541
frame1545
to stand about1549
to put into (also in) practice1592
prove1612
imitate1626
snap1766
begin1833
make1880
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xvi. 7 Whanne thei camen into Misye, thei temptiden [1535 Coverdale proved, 1611 King James assayed] for to go into Bithinie.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Macc. ii. 24 So we temptiden, or assayeden, for to abregge in to oo boke, thingus comprehendid..in fyue bookis.
c1480 (a1400) St. Lawrence 697 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 422 Þe feynd, þat ay wil besy be to tempt, þat þame twa had Inwy.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxiiii. f. lii Whan Chilperich had temptyd by many sondrye meanes to haue theym out of the sayde preuylege.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 15 Yet in some tyme and certayn place hyt ys not to be temptyd of wyse men [to meddyl wyth materys perteynyng to the wele of hys hole cuntrey].
b. with simple object. To attempt, to try.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > attempt [verb (transitive)]
fandOE
assayc1300
tryc1315
provec1330
adventurea1387
sayc1390
paina1400
havec1400
practisea1450
afforcec1487
afond1488
attempta1538
procure1574
endeavour1581
offer1611
poacha1616
attent1620
to venture at1623
essay1641
attentate1656
smacka1657
tempt1697
to try at1794
to have a go1802
to make a (good, poor, etc.) fist1833
tackle1847
to have or take a whack at1891
to make (or have, etc.) a stab at (something)1895
to have a dash (at)1916
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 368 E're leave be giv'n to tempt the neather Skies.
1735 J. Swift Panegyrick on D— in Wks. II. 294 In vain I tempt too high a Flight.]
c. To make an attempt upon, to try to obtain; to assail. (Aphetic for attempt v.) Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > flirtation or coquetry > flirt with [verb (transitive)] > attempt to seduce (a woman)
try1713
tempta1721
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > deprive of chastity [verb (transitive)] > a woman > attempt to
solicit1600
attempt1607
tempta1721
a1721 M. Prior Henry & Emma 518 O wretched maid! Whose roving fancy would resolve the same With him, who next should tempt her easy fame.
1746 P. Francis tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles i. xviii. 127 Be not by foolish Love betray'd To tempt your Patron's favourite Maid.
II. To try to attract, allure, incite, induce.
4.
a. transitive. To try to attract, to entice (a person) to do evil; to present attractions to the passions or frailties of; to allure or incite to evil with the prospect of some pleasure or advantage. Const. to something, to do something. Also absol. (The earliest use in English.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > attract, allure, or entice [verb (transitive)] > tempt
afondOE
fandOE
assailc1225
temptc1230
tenta1250
attempta1513
assay1532
assaulta1535
attack1655
c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 116 Strongliche wes he itemptet ear he swa feolle.
a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 26 Tauh ne rouhte heo neuer þauh he þouhte toward hire. & were of hire i tempted [?c1225 Cleo. ifondet].
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter lv. 1 Þe deuel, þat neuyre styntis to temp þi seruauntis.
c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 107 To praye þat we be nouȝt ytempted of þe fende.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15654 Rises vp, and wakes wel, Ar yee tempted [Gött. tempid] be.
c1440 Alphabet of Tales 127 Ane vnwyse confessur began to tempe hur vnto syn.
c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) xxv. 240 Thryes I tempte hym..Aftyr he fast fourty days.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 754/1 He hath tempted me..to go a thevynge with hym.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke iii. f. 48v Adam also was tempted, and ouercomed: Christe beeyng tempted, ouercame the temptour.
1568 (?a1513) W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 250 Me thocht the devill wes tempand fast The peple.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iv. v. 92 There lurkes a still, and dumb-discoursiue diuell That tempts most cunningly. View more context for this quotation
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 317 Then they tempted the Fidelity of Caspar Ensem the Governour, both by Rewards and Terrour, but he was resolv'd against both.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 296 For hee who tempts, though in vain, at least asperses The tempted with dishonour foul. View more context for this quotation
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) To Tempt, to allure or entice, to egg on or set a-gog, to induce to Evil.
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xix. 9 Only when I've been very much tempted.
1869 C. H. Spurgeon John Ploughman's Talk 9 Idle men tempt the devil to tempt them.
b. To try to draw (a person) to contradict, confute, or commit himself. archaic.(In New Testament versions, representing. Vulgate tem(p)tare, Greek πειράζειν.)
ΚΠ
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. xxii. 35 Oon of hem, a techer of the lawe, axede Jhesus, temptynge hym, Maistre, whiche is a greet maundement in the lawe?
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark xii. 15 What tempten ȝe me? brynge ȝe to me a peny, that I may se [emended in ed. to that I se].
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John viii. 6 Sothli thei seiden this thing temptinge him, that thei myȝten accuse him.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark xii. f. lxijv Why tempte ye me? Brynge me a peny, that I maye se yt. [So 1611 and R.V. 1881.]
5. To attract or incite to some action or to do something; to allure, entice, invite, attract; to dispose, incline. Sometimes, contextually, To induce, persuade.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > attract, allure, or entice [verb (transitive)]
teec888
tightc1000
drawc1175
tollc1220
till?c1225
ticec1275
bringc1300
entice1303
win1303
wina1340
tempt1340
misdrawa1382
wooa1387
lure1393
trainc1425
allurea1450
attract?a1475
lock1481
enlure1486
attice1490
allect1518
illect?1529
wind1538
disarm1553
call1564
troll1565
embait1567
alliciate1568
slock1594
enamour1600
court1602
inescate1602
fool1620
illure1638
magnetize1658
trepana1661
solicit1665
whistle1665
drill1669
inveigh1670
siren1690
allicit1724
wisea1810
come-hither1954
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > incautiousness > enter into incautiously or rashly [verb (transitive)] > court (disaster), tempt (providence, etc.)
fandc1175
tempt1340
court1930
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 98 Þat i ne am temted ful tid to turne me þennus.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxxviv The vsing of such gentill fashions toward them,..so tempted theim that they could none otherwise do.
a1674 Earl of Clarendon Brief View Leviathan (1676) 15 Which might temt him to under~value.
1716 J. Gay Trivia i. 11 The rowing Crew, To tempt a Fare, cloath all their Tilts in Blue.
1742 W. Collins Persian Eclogues iv. 22 Unhappy Land, whose Blessings tempt the Sword.
1825 W. Scott Betrothed iii, in Tales Crusaders II. 56 He was tempted to think that he had been something hasty in listening to the arguments of the Archbishop.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 42 The sick are tempted by pleasant meats and drinks.
1911 N.E.D. at Tempt Mod. One is tempted to think that it had been pre-arranged. The fine morning had tempted many out.

Derivatives

ˈtempted adj. (also absol.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > [adjective] > attracted, allured, or enticed
temptedc1340
allured1538
trained1579
the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > [adjective] > tempting > tempted
temptedc1340
c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. 5 Sothely I haue na wondyr if þe temptid fall.
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads x. 436 Lest from their tempted rest Some other God should stir the foe.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. vi. 8 If thou hast sin'd, Teach me (thy tempted subiect) to excuse it. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. ii. 169 The Tempter, or the Tempted, who sins most? View more context for this quotation
1667 [see sense 4a].
1844 E. B. Browning Brown Rosary xiv The Tempted is sinning.
1848 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 347 May God forbear, To judge the tempted purpose of my heart!
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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