† bourdn.

Forms: Middle English burde, Middle English–1600s bord(e, bourd(e, Middle English bouerd, Middle English–1500s bowrd(e, Middle English–1600s boord(e, 1600s boward.

Etymology: Middle English bourde, < Old French bourde, Provençal borda ‘lie, cheating, deception’, of unknown origin. Diez's proposed identification of Old French bourde with behort ‘tournament, tilting’, is discarded; for ‘bourde goes back to a date before the contraction of behourt to bourt could have taken place, and originally there was no connexion of sense’ (P. Meyer). At a later time behourder was contracted to behourder , bourder , and thus brought into confusion with this word and its verb bourder : see bourd v.¹

Obsolete.

a. An idle tale, a jest, a joke; jesting, raillery, joking, merriment, fun; a merry tale.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > jeering, taunting, or scoffing > [noun] > instance of

hoker-wordOE

gabc1225

scornc1275

jape1377

bourda1387

gaudc1440

knack1513

scoffing1530

gleekc1540

jest1548

to have a fling at?1550

snack?1554

boba1566

taunta1566

gird1566

flim-flam-flirt1573

gibe1573

scoff1573

flouting-stock1593

mycterism1593

flirt1613

fleera1616

scomma1620

jeer1631

snouchc1780

brocard1837

the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > causing laughter > [noun] > jest or pleasantry

playOE

gameOE

ragec1330

ribaldyc1330

triflinga1382

bourda1387

japeryc1386

jesting1526

jest1551

jollity1591

pleasantry1602

lepidity1647

drollery1653

droll1670

sport1671

pleasancy1684

funniment1822

the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > causing laughter > [noun] > jest or pleasantry > a jest or joke

gameOE

jape1377

bourda1387

mirthc1390

mowa1393

chapec1400

skauncec1440

sport?1449

popc1540

flirt1549

jest1551

merriment1576

shifta1577

facetiae1577

gig1590

pleasantry1594

lepidity1647

rallery1653

drollery1654

wit-crack1662

joco1663

pleasance1668

joke1670

jocunditya1734

quizzification1801

funniment1826

side-splitter1834

funniness1838

quizzery1841

jocularity1846

rib-tickler1855

jocosity1859

humorism1860

gag1863

gas1914

nifty1918

mirthquaker1921

rib1929

boffo1934

giggle1936

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 143 He wolde torne hit to bourde and lawȝhynge.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1212 Al laȝande þe lady lauced þo bourdez [MS reads bourdeȝ].

1430 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy ii. xvi All his speche ful of bouerdes was.

c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems 57 To be forsworn they hold it but a bord.

a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 111 The kingges doughter..called hym in bourde her sone.

1548 T. Cranmer Catechismus sig. Dij^v I spake not these wourdes in ernest, but in borde.

1593 M. Drayton Idea vii. sig. H3 For all thy iestes, and all thy merrie Bourds.

a1600 King & Barker 110 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 9 Owr kyng lowhe, and had god bord.

1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 63 Either in earnest or boord [L. vel serio vel joco].

b. In a bad sense: Mockery, bantering. (Probably the earlier sense, as in French.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > [noun]

hokerOE

hethingc1175

scornc1175

gabbinga1225

bourd1320

scoffc1330

illusiona1382

mowinga1382

derisiona1400

mockery?a1439

alluding1535

dor1552

jerking1565

mock1569

frumpery1582

subsannation1587

floutage1600

ridiculous1605

ludibry1637

ridicule1675

razoo1888

stick1956

1320–30 Lai le Freine 9 Bourdes and ribaudy.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 56 Þanne byeþ þe burdes and þe trufles uor entremes.

1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) xviii. 36 Al was taken for a bourd and a mocquerye.

a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) 39 Nought moveth you my dedly mone, But all you torne it into bordes.

1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law i. 71 If a man..should strike an other or vse broad boward against him.

c. Play, game.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > [noun]

gleea700

playeOE

gameeOE

lakec1175

skentingc1175

wil-gomenc1275

solacec1290

deduit1297

envesurec1300

playingc1300

disport1303

spilea1325

laking1340

solacingc1384

bourdc1390

mazec1390

welfarea1400

recreationc1400

solancec1400

sporta1425

sportancea1450

sportingc1475

deport1477

recreancea1500

shurting15..

ebate?1518

recreating1538

abatementc1550

pleasuring1556

comfortmenta1558

disporting1561

pastiming1574

riec1576

joyance1595

spleen1598

merriment1600

amusement1603

amusing1603

entertainment1612

spleena1616

divertisement1651

diversion1653

disportment1660

sporting of nature1666

fun1726

délassement1804

gammock1841

pleasurement1843

dallying1889

rec1922

good, clean fun1923

cracka1966

looning1966

shoppertainment1993

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. x. 197 Bi-twene Man and wommon Schulde no Bed-bourde be.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 199/2 Bourde or game, jeu.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† bourdv.¹

Etymology: < Old French bourder, < bourde : see bourd n.

Obsolete.

a. intransitive. To say things in jest or mockery; to jest, joke; to make fun, make game.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > banter or good-humoured ridicule > banter [verb (intransitive)]

bourd1303

japec1374

rail?1507

gaud1532

mow1559

railly1612

rally1625

banter1660

badiner1697

chaffa1845

josh1845

persiflate1850

to poke (the) borak1882

kibitz1923

to take the mickey (out of)1948

mickey-take1959

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 8667 How a bonde man bourdede wyþ a knyȝt.

a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 40 He herde hem clatre, laughe, iangle, and borde of highe.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 27 Ye borde and iape with me, for what I seche I fynde not.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) viii. 383 A lord so swet and debonar, So blith als and so veill bowrdand.

a1555 J. Bradford Two Notable Serm. (1574) To Rdr. sig. Bj^v We shall feele it is no bourding with him.

a1600 in Kelly Sc. Prov. (1721) 56 (Jam.) Bourd not wi' bawtie (lest he bite you).

c1674 J. Ray N. Country Words (at cited word) Bourd neither with me nor with my honour, Prov. Scot.

1703 D. Williamson Serm. before Gen. Assembly Edinb. 59 It is not safe to bourd with God, Conscience and Death.

a1758 A. Ramsay Poems (1800) II. 175 (Jam.) Never gi'e Encouragement or bourd with sic as he.

b. To play.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > [verb (intransitive)]

playeOE

glewc900

gameOE

lakec1300

solace1340

bourdc1440

dallyc1440

sporta1450

to make sportc1475

disport1480

to have a good (bad, etc.) time (of it, formerly on it)1509

toy?1521

pastime1523

recreate1589

jest1597

feast1609

deliciate1633

divert1670

carpe diem1817

hobby-horse1819

popjoy1853

that'll be the day1916

to play around1929

loon1969

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 44 Boordon, or pleyyn, ludo, jocor.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ii. 31 Whiche..passeden thourgh the feild where childern were bourdinge.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Mark vi. f. 42 Euen when he bourdeth to, or maketh any game or pastyme.

1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Clifford vi To part his necke, and with his head to bourd.

2. transitive. To make game of, mock, jest with.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > deride, ridicule, or mock [verb (transitive)]

teleeOE

laughOE

bismerc1000

heascenc1000

hethec1175

scornc1175

hokera1225

betell?c1225

scorn?c1225

forhushc1275

to make scorn at, toc1320

boba1382

bemow1388

lakea1400

bobby14..

triflea1450

japec1450

mock?c1450

mowc1485

to make (a) mock at?a1500

to make mocks at?a1500

scrip?a1513

illude1516

delude1526

deride1530

louta1547

to toy with ——1549–62

flout1551

skirp1568

knack1570

to fart against1574

frump1577

bourd1593

geck?a1600

scout1605

subsannate1606

railly1612

explode1618

subsannea1620

dor1655

monkeya1658

to make an ass of (someone)1680

ridicule1680

banter1682

to run one's rig upon1735

fun1811

to get the run upon1843

play1891

to poke mullock at1901

razz1918

flaunt1923

to get (or give) the razoo1926

to bust (a person's) chops1953

wolf1966

pimp1968

1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 194 No man could..bourde a wilfull friend more dryly.

1636 R. James Iter Lancastrense (1845) 102 In a wan fainte palenesse bourding death.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† bourdv.²

Forms: Also Middle English borde, Middle English bordyn, boordon, boorde, bouerd, Middle English–1500s bourde.

Etymology: < French border, bourder, contracted < behorder to fence, tilt, < behord , behort tilting lance, tilting, tourney; see Diez. Probably confounded with bourd v.¹

Obsolete.

intransitive. To joust, tilt; to engage in a sham fight.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > jousting or tilting > joust or tilt [verb (intransitive)]

playeOE

bourdisec1320

joustc1330

copec1350

tourney1390

coup?a1400

joustenc1400

to joust of warc1400

to run togetherc1410

bourda1500

to fight at barriers1532

runa1533

to run at (the) tilt1548

jostle1580

tilt1595

to break a treea1600

to run (or ride) a-tilt1608

to run tilt1831

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ix. 133 After mete was the quyntayne reysed, and ther-at bourded the yonge bachelers.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vi. 100 And after mete,..yede the barouns and the knyghtes to boorde in a feire pleyn.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

n.1320

v.¹1303

v.²a1500

单词	bourd
释义	† bourdn. Forms: Middle English burde, Middle English–1600s bord(e, bourd(e, Middle English bouerd, Middle English–1500s bowrd(e, Middle English–1600s boord(e, 1600s boward. Etymology: Middle English bourde, < Old French bourde, Provençal borda ‘lie, cheating, deception’, of unknown origin. Diez's proposed identification of Old French bourde with behort ‘tournament, tilting’, is discarded; for ‘bourde goes back to a date before the contraction of behourt to bourt could have taken place, and originally there was no connexion of sense’ (P. Meyer). At a later time behourder was contracted to behourder , bourder , and thus brought into confusion with this word and its verb bourder : see bourd v.¹ Obsolete. a. An idle tale, a jest, a joke; jesting, raillery, joking, merriment, fun; a merry tale. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > jeering, taunting, or scoffing > [noun] > instance of hoker-wordOE gabc1225 scornc1275 jape1377 bourda1387 gaudc1440 knack1513 scoffing1530 gleekc1540 jest1548 to have a fling at?1550 snack?1554 boba1566 taunta1566 gird1566 flim-flam-flirt1573 gibe1573 scoff1573 flouting-stock1593 mycterism1593 flirt1613 fleera1616 scomma1620 jeer1631 snouchc1780 brocard1837 the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > causing laughter > [noun] > jest or pleasantry playOE gameOE ragec1330 ribaldyc1330 triflinga1382 bourda1387 japeryc1386 jesting1526 jest1551 jollity1591 pleasantry1602 lepidity1647 drollery1653 droll1670 sport1671 pleasancy1684 funniment1822 the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > causing laughter > [noun] > jest or pleasantry > a jest or joke gameOE jape1377 bourda1387 mirthc1390 mowa1393 chapec1400 skauncec1440 sport?1449 popc1540 flirt1549 jest1551 merriment1576 shifta1577 facetiae1577 gig1590 pleasantry1594 lepidity1647 rallery1653 drollery1654 wit-crack1662 joco1663 pleasance1668 joke1670 jocunditya1734 quizzification1801 funniment1826 side-splitter1834 funniness1838 quizzery1841 jocularity1846 rib-tickler1855 jocosity1859 humorism1860 gag1863 gas1914 nifty1918 mirthquaker1921 rib1929 boffo1934 giggle1936 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 143 He wolde torne hit to bourde and lawȝhynge. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1212 Al laȝande þe lady lauced þo bourdez [MS reads bourdeȝ]. 1430 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy ii. xvi All his speche ful of bouerdes was. c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems 57 To be forsworn they hold it but a bord. a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 111 The kingges doughter..called hym in bourde her sone. 1548 T. Cranmer Catechismus sig. Dij^v I spake not these wourdes in ernest, but in borde. 1593 M. Drayton Idea vii. sig. H3 For all thy iestes, and all thy merrie Bourds. a1600 King & Barker 110 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 9 Owr kyng lowhe, and had god bord. 1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 63 Either in earnest or boord [L. vel serio vel joco]. b. In a bad sense: Mockery, bantering. (Probably the earlier sense, as in French.) ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > [noun] hokerOE hethingc1175 scornc1175 gabbinga1225 bourd1320 scoffc1330 illusiona1382 mowinga1382 derisiona1400 mockery?a1439 alluding1535 dor1552 jerking1565 mock1569 frumpery1582 subsannation1587 floutage1600 ridiculous1605 ludibry1637 ridicule1675 razoo1888 stick1956 1320–30 Lai le Freine 9 Bourdes and ribaudy. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 56 Þanne byeþ þe burdes and þe trufles uor entremes. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) xviii. 36 Al was taken for a bourd and a mocquerye. a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) 39 Nought moveth you my dedly mone, But all you torne it into bordes. 1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law i. 71 If a man..should strike an other or vse broad boward against him. c. Play, game. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > [noun] gleea700 playeOE gameeOE lakec1175 skentingc1175 wil-gomenc1275 solacec1290 deduit1297 envesurec1300 playingc1300 disport1303 spilea1325 laking1340 solacingc1384 bourdc1390 mazec1390 welfarea1400 recreationc1400 solancec1400 sporta1425 sportancea1450 sportingc1475 deport1477 recreancea1500 shurting15.. ebate?1518 recreating1538 abatementc1550 pleasuring1556 comfortmenta1558 disporting1561 pastiming1574 riec1576 joyance1595 spleen1598 merriment1600 amusement1603 amusing1603 entertainment1612 spleena1616 divertisement1651 diversion1653 disportment1660 sporting of nature1666 fun1726 délassement1804 gammock1841 pleasurement1843 dallying1889 rec1922 good, clean fun1923 cracka1966 looning1966 shoppertainment1993 c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. x. 197 Bi-twene Man and wommon Schulde no Bed-bourde be. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 199/2 Bourde or game, jeu. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † bourdv.¹ Etymology: < Old French bourder, < bourde : see bourd n. Obsolete. 1. a. intransitive. To say things in jest or mockery; to jest, joke; to make fun, make game. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > banter or good-humoured ridicule > banter [verb (intransitive)] bourd1303 japec1374 rail?1507 gaud1532 mow1559 railly1612 rally1625 banter1660 badiner1697 chaffa1845 josh1845 persiflate1850 to poke (the) borak1882 kibitz1923 to take the mickey (out of)1948 mickey-take1959 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 8667 How a bonde man bourdede wyþ a knyȝt. a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 40 He herde hem clatre, laughe, iangle, and borde of highe. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 27 Ye borde and iape with me, for what I seche I fynde not. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) viii. 383 A lord so swet and debonar, So blith als and so veill bowrdand. a1555 J. Bradford Two Notable Serm. (1574) To Rdr. sig. Bj^v We shall feele it is no bourding with him. a1600 in Kelly Sc. Prov. (1721) 56 (Jam.) Bourd not wi' bawtie (lest he bite you). c1674 J. Ray N. Country Words (at cited word) Bourd neither with me nor with my honour, Prov. Scot. 1703 D. Williamson Serm. before Gen. Assembly Edinb. 59 It is not safe to bourd with God, Conscience and Death. a1758 A. Ramsay Poems (1800) II. 175 (Jam.) Never gi'e Encouragement or bourd with sic as he. b. To play. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > [verb (intransitive)] playeOE glewc900 gameOE lakec1300 solace1340 bourdc1440 dallyc1440 sporta1450 to make sportc1475 disport1480 to have a good (bad, etc.) time (of it, formerly on it)1509 toy?1521 pastime1523 recreate1589 jest1597 feast1609 deliciate1633 divert1670 carpe diem1817 hobby-horse1819 popjoy1853 that'll be the day1916 to play around1929 loon1969 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 44 Boordon, or pleyyn, ludo, jocor. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ii. 31 Whiche..passeden thourgh the feild where childern were bourdinge. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Mark vi. f. 42 Euen when he bourdeth to, or maketh any game or pastyme. 1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Clifford vi To part his necke, and with his head to bourd. 2. transitive. To make game of, mock, jest with. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > deride, ridicule, or mock [verb (transitive)] teleeOE laughOE bismerc1000 heascenc1000 hethec1175 scornc1175 hokera1225 betell?c1225 scorn?c1225 forhushc1275 to make scorn at, toc1320 boba1382 bemow1388 lakea1400 bobby14.. triflea1450 japec1450 mock?c1450 mowc1485 to make (a) mock at?a1500 to make mocks at?a1500 scrip?a1513 illude1516 delude1526 deride1530 louta1547 to toy with ——1549–62 flout1551 skirp1568 knack1570 to fart against1574 frump1577 bourd1593 geck?a1600 scout1605 subsannate1606 railly1612 explode1618 subsannea1620 dor1655 monkeya1658 to make an ass of (someone)1680 ridicule1680 banter1682 to run one's rig upon1735 fun1811 to get the run upon1843 play1891 to poke mullock at1901 razz1918 flaunt1923 to get (or give) the razoo1926 to bust (a person's) chops1953 wolf1966 pimp1968 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 194 No man could..bourde a wilfull friend more dryly. 1636 R. James Iter Lancastrense (1845) 102 In a wan fainte palenesse bourding death. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † bourdv.² Forms: Also Middle English borde, Middle English bordyn, boordon, boorde, bouerd, Middle English–1500s bourde. Etymology: < French border, bourder, contracted < behorder to fence, tilt, < behord , behort tilting lance, tilting, tourney; see Diez. Probably confounded with bourd v.¹ Obsolete. intransitive. To joust, tilt; to engage in a sham fight. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > jousting or tilting > joust or tilt [verb (intransitive)] playeOE bourdisec1320 joustc1330 copec1350 tourney1390 coup?a1400 joustenc1400 to joust of warc1400 to run togetherc1410 bourda1500 to fight at barriers1532 runa1533 to run at (the) tilt1548 jostle1580 tilt1595 to break a treea1600 to run (or ride) a-tilt1608 to run tilt1831 a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ix. 133 After mete was the quyntayne reysed, and ther-at bourded the yonge bachelers. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vi. 100 And after mete,..yede the barouns and the knyghtes to boorde in a feire pleyn. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1320v.¹1303v.²a1500
随便看	outrances outrange outranged outranger outranges outranging outrank outranked outranking outranks outrant outrap outrate outrated outrates outrating outravish outray outrayer outraying outraze outrazed outreach outreached outreaches

† bourdn.

† bourdv.1

† bourdv.2

† bourdv.¹

† bourdv.²