单词 | telo- |
释义 | telo-comb. form1 Occurring in a few scientific (biological, etc.) terms: see also teleo- comb. form2. ˈteloblast n. Brit. /ˈtɛlə(ʊ)blɑːst/ , /ˈtɛlə(ʊ)blast/ , /ˈtiːlə(ʊ)blɑːst/ , /ˈtiːlə(ʊ)blast/ , U.S. /ˈtɛləˌblæst/ , /ˈtiləˌblæst/ each of a number of proliferating cells at one end of the embryo in segmented animals, as insects and annelids.ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > embryonic development or animals grouped by > [noun] > cells involved in teloblast1890 1890 Patten in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. Aug. 369 Three longitudinal sections, showing successive stages in the formation of a telopore by the invagination of teloblasts. telodendrion n. Brit. /ˌtɛlə(ʊ)ˈdɛndrɪən/ , /ˌtiːlə(ʊ)ˈdɛndrɪən/ , U.S. /ˌtɛləˈdɛndriən/ , /ˌtiləˈdɛndriən/ (also teloˈdendron; pl. telodendria is used for both forms) Anatomy one of the terminal branches into which the axon of a nerve cell divides. [ < telo- comb. form1 + Hellenistic Greek δενδρίον ( < ancient Greek δένδρον tree (see dendro- comb. form) + -ιον, diminutive suffix), after German Telodendrion (1892 or earlier).] ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > substance of nervous system > [noun] > nerve cell > parts of axon1842 cell body1851 neuron1893 neurite1894 neuroplasm1894 perikaryon1897 neurofibril1898 axon hillock1899 telodendrion1899 axoplasm1900 neurofibrilla1902 cyton1910 soma1947 neurotubule1948 neurofilament1955 neurode1987 1899 L. F. Barker Nerv. Syst. viii. 82 The ultimate terminals (telodendrions) of the axones have been carefully and exactly studied. 1907 I. Hardesty in Morris & McMurrich Morris's Treat. Human Anat. (ed. 4) 751 The axone bearing the impulse on approaching its termination loses its sheath and breaks up into its numerous terminal twigs, the final of which are called telodendria. 1949 Blakiston's New Gould Med. Dict. 1030/2 Telodendrion. See telodendron. 1966 C. R. Leeson & T. S. Leeson Histol. x. 178/2 In some cases, the telodendria are so numerous as to surround the neuron on which they terminate in a basket~like arrangement. telodont adj. Brit. /ˈtɛlə(ʊ)dɒnt/ , /ˈtiːlə(ʊ)dɒnt/ , U.S. /ˈtɛləˌdɑnt/ , /ˈtiləˌdɑnt/ Entomology (now rare) designating a form of mandible in a male stag beetle which has apical but not basal teeth; (also) teleodont adj. at teleo- comb. form1 .ΚΠ 1883 Athenæum 29 Dec. 870/3 Four very distinct phases of development in their mandibles, which the author [sc. F. Leuthner] proposed to term ‘priodont’, ‘amphiodont’, ‘mesodont’, and ‘telodont’. 1940 G. R. de Beer in J. S. Huxley New Systematics 381 The mandibles of the males not only vary in relative size, but also in the number and disposition of ‘teeth’ carried on them, to such an extent that five types (‘prionodont’, ‘amphiodont’, ‘telodont’, ‘mesodont’, ‘mesamphiodont’) have been distinguished by coleopterists. 1946 Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 72 164 The largest development.., with slender middle section and reduced number of subapical teeth, becomes the telodont form of Leuthner, or constant phase of Arrow. telolecithal adj. Brit. /ˌtɛlə(ʊ)ˈlɛsᵻθl/ , /ˌtiːlə(ʊ)ˈlɛsᵻθl/ , U.S. /ˌtɛləˈlɛsəθ(ə)l/ , /ˌtiləˈlɛsəθ(ə)l/ applied to an ovum having food-yolk collected at or near one end (opposed to alecithal and centrolecithal).ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > reproductive substances or cells > [adjective] > ovum > types of ovum orthotropal1832 meroblastic1864 periblastic1876 holoblastic1879 orthotropous1880 telolecithal1880 progamous1885 teleplasmic1886 triovulate1891 1880 F. M. Balfour Treat. Compar. Embryol. I. iii. 90 The ova in which the yolk is especially concentrated at one pole I should propose to call telolecithal. 1888 E. R. Lankester in Nature 29 Mar. 507/1 The classification of animal eggs proposed by Balfour is adopted, viz. alecithal, telolecithal, and centrolecithal. telomere n. Brit. /ˈtɛlə(ʊ)mɪə/ , /ˈtiːlə(ʊ)mɪə/ , U.S. /ˈtɛləˌmɪ(ə)r/ , /ˈtiləˌmɪ(ə)r/ Cytology the compound structure found at the end of a chromosome in eukaryotes, having only one spindle pole.ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > chromosome > spindle or spindle fibre spindle1878 spindle fibre1878 mitosome1895 mantle fibre1896 monaster1901 cleavage-spindle1912 telomere1940 1940 H. J. Muller in Jrnl. Genetics XL. 2 The reconstructed chromosome cannot continue to be transported..unless it happens to be monocentric and—in Drosophila at least—ditelic, one centromere and two telomeres being necessary and permanent organelles. 1960 L. Picken Organization of Cells vii. 261 Within the nucleus the chromosomes present their telomeres—‘centromeres’ connected to the chromosomes by terminal filaments—to the aspect of the nuclear membrane nearest to the spindle. 1983 Nature 13 Jan. 112/1 Telomeres are very stable as free ends, whereas ends of [DNA] molecules broken in vivo tend to stick together irreversibly. telomitic adj. Brit. /ˌtɛlə(ʊ)ˈmɪtɪk/ , /ˌtiːlə(ʊ)ˈmɪtɪk/ , U.S. /ˌtɛləˈmɪdɪk/ , /ˌtiləˈmɪdɪk/ Cytology = telocentric adj. [ < telo- comb. form1 + ancient Greek μίτος thread (see mito- comb. form) + -ic suffix.] ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [adjective] > chromosome > centromere acentric1899 telomitic1917 centric1937 paracentric1938 pericentric1938 metacentric1939 telocentric1939 centromeric1941 multicentric1941 polycentric1943 acrocentric1945 subtelocentric1954 submetacentric1957 subacrocentric1960 1917 E. E. Carothers in Jrnl. Morphol. 28 449 The unusual conditions of the chromosomes in this group have made advisable the introduction of..new terms... Telomitic—a term used to indicate terminal fiber attachment. 1934 L. W. Sharp Introd. Cytol. (ed. 3) ix. 116 Supposedly telomitic chromosomes have been shown in some instances to have their attachment region slightly back from the end. telopeptide n. Brit. /ˌtɛlə(ʊ)ˈpɛptʌɪd/ , /ˌtiːlə(ʊ)ˈpɛptʌɪd/ , U.S. /ˌtɛləˈpɛpˌtaɪd/ , /ˌtiləˈpɛpˌtaɪd/ Biochemistry a peptide which is at or near the end of a polypeptide molecule.ΚΠ 1964 F. O. Schmitt et al. in Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 51 494 The term ‘end-chains’ with its terminal connotation has been replaced by the term ‘telopeptides’. 1971 Nature 22 Jan. 242/1 Every third residue in the chain is glycine, except in short ‘non-collagenous’ telopeptides at the N-terminal ends of the chains. 1975 Nature 10 July 125/1 Rabbit anti-collagen serum is primarily directed to terminal (telopeptide) antigenic sites, and not to helical or central sites. telopore n. Brit. /ˈtɛlə(ʊ)pɔː/ , /ˈtiːlə(ʊ)pɔː/ , U.S. /ˈtɛləˌpɔr/ , /ˈtiləˌpɔr/ an opening at one end of an embryo, formed by invagination of the teloblasts.ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo parts > [noun] > others gubernaculum1762 Wolffian ridge1874 gill pouch1882 pneogaster1890 telopore1890 spindle1898 hand plate1901 ear bud1905 dermatome1910 1890 Patten in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. Aug. 369 A forward continuation of the anterior wall of the terminal pore or telopore. telostomiate adj. Brit. /ˌtɛlə(ʊ)ˈstəʊmɪət/ , /ˌtɛlə(ʊ)ˈstəʊmɪeɪt/ , /ˌtiːlə(ʊ)ˈstəʊmɪət/ , /ˌtiːlə(ʊ)ˈstəʊmɪeɪt/ , U.S. /ˌtɛləˈstoʊmiət/ , /ˌtɛləˈstoʊmiˌeɪt/ , /ˌtiləˈstoʊmiət/ , /ˌtiləˈstoʊmiˌeɪt/ having the mouth at one end of the main axis of the body. [ < telo- comb. form1 + ancient Greek στόμιον mouth, aperture (see stomion n.) + -ate suffix2.] ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [adjective] > mouth at one end telostomiate1877 1877 E. R. Lankester in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 17 422 Radial and bilateral symmetry and telostomiate and prostomiate conditions. 1877 E. R. Lankester in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 17 423 A specialisation of the ciliated ectoderm at a time when the organism was telostomiate. telosynapsis n. Brit. /ˌtɛlə(ʊ)sᵻˈnapsɪs/ , /ˌtiːlə(ʊ)sᵻˈnapsɪs/ , U.S. /ˌtiloʊsəˈnæpsəs/ , /ˌtɛloʊsəˈnæpsəs/ Cytology a supposed end-to-end pairing of chromosomes during the zygotene stage of meiosis; = telosyndesis n. below.ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [noun] > stages of mitosis or meiosis resting stage1810 prophase1884 anaphase1887 metaphase1887 synapsis1895 telophase1895 maturation division1896 postsynapsis1898 strepsinema1900 synizesis1905 interkinesis1906 pachynema1909 telosynapsis1909 leptonema1911 metasyndesis1911 strepsitene1911 zygonema1911 zygotene1911 leptotene1912 pachytene1912 interphase1913 telosyndesis1920 prometaphase1931 dictyotene1957 dictyate1958 1909 E. B. Wilson in Jrnl. Exper. Zool. 6 84 Pyrrochoris shows a close similarity to Tomopteris... This comparison has convinced me that synapsis occurs at the same period in both—whether by parasynapsis (side to side union) or telosynapsis (end to end union). [Note] I have for some years made use of these terms in my lectures on cytology. 1920 W. E. Agar Cytol. ii. 43 Parasyndesis and Telosyndesis. [Note] Called parasynapsis and telosynapsis by cytologists, who employ the term synapsis in the sense in which syndesis is here used. 1945 M. J. D. White Animal Cytol. & Evol. v. 79 The old controversy between adherants of the theory of telosynapsis and those who believed in the alternative viewpoint..is only of historical interest, since ‘parasynapsis’..is now known to be universal. telosynaptic adj. Brit. /ˌtɛlə(ʊ)sᵻˈnaptɪk/ , /ˌtiːlə(ʊ)sᵻˈnaptɪk/ , U.S. /ˌtiloʊsəˈnæptɪk/ , /ˌtɛloʊsəˈnæptɪk/ ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [adjective] > stages of mitosis or meiosis homotypical1870 heterotypical1888 homoeotypical1888 heterotypic1889 homoeotypic1889 skein1889 heterotype1895 homotype1895 synaptic1895 synaptenic1900 presynaptic1903 homotypic1904 dictyate1905 post-meiotic1905 premeiotic1905 telophasic1907 postsynaptic1909 metaphase1912 prophasic1912 telosynaptic1912 interkinetic1927 synapsed1931 synizetic1931 interphasic1948 1912 Jrnl. Exper. Zool. 13 394 Attention may be called to the increasing tendency..to reject, or at least restrict, the theory of parasynapsis.., in favor of a telosynaptic conception. 1929 Jrnl. Genetics 21 47 Digby's interpretation, so much quoted in support of the telosynaptic view.., is due to a misunderstanding of the essential features of meiosis. telosynaptically adv. Brit. /ˌtɛlə(ʊ)sᵻˈnaptᵻkli/ , /ˌtiːlə(ʊ)sᵻˈnaptᵻkli/ , U.S. /ˌtiloʊsəˈnæptək(ə)li/ , /ˌtɛloʊsəˈnæptək(ə)li/ ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [adverb] > meiosis > stage of telosynaptically1910 1910 Ann. Bot. 24 752 Whether these univalent strands join with their homologous pairs telosynaptically or parasynaptically, or by any other intermediate method between these two extremes, resolves itself merely into a question of non-essential detail. 1926 Genetics 11 274 The third element is joined telosynaptically to the other two chromosomes. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [noun] > stages of mitosis or meiosis resting stage1810 prophase1884 anaphase1887 metaphase1887 synapsis1895 telophase1895 maturation division1896 postsynapsis1898 strepsinema1900 synizesis1905 interkinesis1906 pachynema1909 telosynapsis1909 leptonema1911 metasyndesis1911 strepsitene1911 zygonema1911 zygotene1911 leptotene1912 pachytene1912 interphase1913 telosyndesis1920 prometaphase1931 dictyotene1957 dictyate1958 1920 L. Doncaster Introd. Study Cytol. v. 68 The end-to-end union [of chromosomes] (formerly supposed to be frequent or universal) is telosyndesis (or telosynapsis). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022). telo-comb. form2 Rarely used in English compounds, as in telodynamic adj., telometer n., telotype n. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < comb. form11877comb. form2 |
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