tempestn.

/ˈtɛmpɪst/

Forms: Middle English– tempest; also Middle English–1500s tempeste, Middle English tempast, tempaste.

Etymology: < Old French tempeste, feminine (11th cent. in Roland) = Italian tempesta, Provençal tempesta < popular Latin *tempesta-m, for classical Latin tempestās, -ātem season, weather, storm, < tempus a time, a season; also < Old French tempest (masculine) (13th cent. in Godefroy) = Provençal tempest < Latin *tempestum. Old French had also *tempeste, accusative singular tempesté, plural tempestez (12th cent.) = Spanish tempestád, Portuguese tempestade, Italian -ate, -ade, < Latin temˈpestās, tempestā-t-em.

a. A violent storm of wind, usually accompanied by a downfall of rain, hail, or snow, or by thunder.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [noun] > stormy weather > a storm

stormc825

un-i-withereOE

tempestc1250

riggc1400

orage1477

buba1500

procellea1500

stour1827

rattler1835

c1250 Old Kentish Serm. in Old Eng. Misc. 32 So hi were in þo ssipe so a-ros a great tempeste of winde.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1151 Hor folc hii lore in þe se þoru tempest [v.r. tempeste] moni on.

c1386 G. Chaucer Manciple's Tale 197 Euere crie agayn tempest and rayn.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 203 A cruel king lich the tempeste, The whom no Pite myhte areste.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6027 Israel for þis tempest [Gött. tempast] Was noþer harmed, man ne beist.

a1400 K. Alis. (Bodl.) 5810 Þe wederes stronge and tempestes Þat hem duden grete molestes.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Kings ii. 1 Whan the Lorde was mynded to take vp Elias in the tempest.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12467 Trees thurgh tempestes, tynde hade þere leues.

1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 389 Seven whole dayes and nights this tempest lasted.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 140 A Station safe for Ships, when Tempests roar.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 46 In some places the time of change is attended with calms, in others..with violent tempests.

1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine i. §3. 68 The whole air filled..with a tempest of sand driving in your face like sleet.

b. A thunder-storm. British regional and North American (north-eastern).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > thunder and lightning > [noun] > thunder > thunderstorm

thundera1400

tempest?1533

tornado1589

tornade1634

thunder-storma1656

line-thunderstorm1887

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Hiii To be killed with tempest, fauldroier.

1712 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 30 June (1889) III. 408 We were forc'd by a tempest to stop at Yarnton.

1839 G. Bird Elements Nat. Philos. 212 Several instances have occurred of the fatal effects of a tempest..at a considerable distance from the spot..where the violence of the lightning appeared to have been chiefly exerted.

c1860 Northamp. Dial. It's very still and black. I think we shall have a tempest to-night.

1877 R. T. Cooke in Harper's Mag. Jan. 297/1 Ominous flashes of tempest began to play about the far horizon.

1883 W. H. Cope Gloss. Hampshire Words Tempest, a thunder-storm.

1892 Dial. Notes 1 211 Tempest, a thunder-shower. [Plymouth, Massachusetts.]

1951 Amer. Speech 26 251 Such localized terms as..the southeastern New England tempest (thunderstorm)... Tempest was recorded from a Schuylerville (Saratoga Co.) informant, definitely conscious of his ultimate Nantucket ancestry.

1965 E. Richardson Living Island 171 August is also the month of tempests (for here [i.e. in Nova Scotia] electrical storms keep the name used by Shakespeare).

2. transferred and figurative.

a. A violent commotion or disturbance; a tumult, rush; agitation, perturbation. tempest in a teapot: see tempest in a teapot at teapot n. b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] > violent

tempestc1315

combustion1589

turbulence1598

turbulency1607

turbulentness1610

simoom1813

tornado1818

c1315 Shoreham vii. 642 Þat best..þat hyt hedde ine hym y-nome Soche a tempeste.

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 273 Now is Gij in gret tempest, Sorwe he makeþ wiþ þe mest.

1472 Coventry Leet Bk. 373 The gret tempestes diuisions & troubles that in late daies haue be in this our Reaume.

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus i. i. 455 Cheare the hart, That dies in tempest of thy angrie frowne.

1606 S. Gardiner Bk. Angling 12 Waues of tribulation, tempests of tentations.

1770 E. Burke Corr. (1844) I. 243 In the midst of all this tempest the ministers..seem much at their ease.

1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 61 Helen Craven was very pale and very silent during this parental tempest.

1909 Daily Chron. 3 Dec. 1/2 This fine passage..drew a tempest of cheering.

†b. Calamity, misfortune, trouble. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun]

unhealc700

unselthc888

bale-sithea1000

unselea1023

un-i-selthOE

sithec1250

ruthc1275

unwhatec1275

tempestc1330

illa1340

infelicityc1384

banec1400

naufragiea1425

infortunitya1438

naufrage1480

calamity1490

inconvenience1509

wanweirda1522

inconveniency1553

wroth1581

murderation1862

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 16541 Moryne & hunger..had reft..al þe folk wyþ tempest vnkynde.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 394 For sleuth nor sleip sall nayne remayne in me Off this tempest till I a wengeance se.

a. A confused or tumultuous throng; †a crowded assembly: cf. hurricane n. 2b (obsolete); a rushing or tearing crowd.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered > large or numerous > disorderly

frapec1330

rabblea1398

rafflea1450

unlawful assembly1485

rabblement1543

rabble rout?1589

ringat-rangata1600

hurry1620

ribble-rabble1635

tempest1746

cohue1850

pig pile1880

dog pile1921

scrimmage1968

1746 T. Smollett Advice 30 (note) Not unaptly styled a drum, from the noise and emptiness of the entertainment. There are also drum-major, rout, tempest, and hurricane, differing only in degrees of multitude and uproar.

1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia (1769) II. 309 How to spend their hours in London more agreeably than in routs, drums, huricanes, and tempests.

1866 Carlyle in Morning Star 5 Apr. 5/5 It turned out to be a tempest of wild horses, managed by young lads who had a turn for hunting with their grooms.

b. A person of stormy temper.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > [noun] > irascible person

wasp1496

shit-fire1598

flesh-pistol1608

tinder-box1608

touchwood1617

Tartar1669

touch and go1675

spitfire1684

vengeance1712

spunkie1821

pepperbox1822

tempest1852

pepperer1864

gingersnap1889

pepperpot1894

spit-cat1898

spit kitten1912

slow burner1930

fireball1931

pop-off1938

1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin (U.K. ed.) xxiii Henrique is a regular little tempest—his mother and I have given him up long ago.

†4. A time; a period, an occasion. (A verbalism of translation.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > particular time > [noun]

sitheeOE

tidec897

timeeOE

mealeOE

whilec950

throwOE

charec1000

stevenOE

timeOE

seasona1300

tempest1382

world1389

occasionc1425

tidement1575

period1602

minute1607

hinta1670

epoch1728

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Chron. xxviii. 9 In that tempest [L. ea tempestate] was ther a prophete of the Lord.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 337 In þat tempest [L. sub ea tempestate] went out þat man þat heet Liber pater.

Compounds

General attributive.

C1. Simple attributive.

tempest-anger n.

ΚΠ

1898 W. Watson Tomb of Burns in Poems Byron's tempest-anger, tempest-mirth.

tempest-cloud n.

tempest-pitch n.

tempest-rack n. rack n.² 3.

ΚΠ

1844 J. R. Lowell Legend of Brittany ii. xi Before its eyes the sullen tempest-rack Would fade.

tempest-shock n.

ΚΠ

1837 Spirit of the Woods 84 Mid sorrow's tempest-shock.

tempest-speed n.

tempest-spirit n.

tempest-time n.

C2. Instrumental. tempest-tossed adj.

tempest-beaten adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [adjective] > storm-tossed

forstormed1393

sea-beaten1562

sea-beat1579

storm-beaten1582

storm-beat1590

tempest-tossed1599

tempest-beaten1605

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] > stormy > accompanied with or done in rough weather > tossed or beaten by storms

storm-beat1590

tempest-tossed1599

tempest-beaten1605

tempesteda1631

bestormed1837

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. v. 159 The tempest-beaten Vessels sterne.

1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia I. xxi. 138 I rejoiced like a tempest-beaten sailor at his entrance into the harbour.

tempest-blown adj.

tempest-born adj.

ΚΠ

1865 S. Baring-Gould Bk. Were-wolves x. 177 To leave the summer cirrus and turn to the tempest-born rain-cloud.

tempest-charged adj.

ΚΠ

1826 J. G. Whittier Vale of Merrimac in Free Press (Newburyport, Mass.) 29 June 4/1 And the tempest-charg'd vapor their tall tops embraces.

tempest-driven adj.

ΚΠ

1849 tr. F. H. K. de La Motte Fouqué Sir Elidoc 166 His tempest-driven heart.

tempest-flung adj.

tempest-harrowed adj.

ΚΠ

1776 W. J. Mickle tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad 80 On many a tempest-harrowed ocean tost.

tempest-haunted adj.

ΚΠ

1880 H. W. Longfellow Ultima Thule 7 Are not these The tempest-haunted Hebrides, Where sea-gulls scream?

tempest-rent adj.

ΚΠ

1820 T. Mitchell tr. Aristophanes Knights in tr. Aristophanes Comedies I. 186 Must I be thus tempest-rent?

tempest-rocked adj.

ΚΠ

c1820 S. Rogers Campagna of Florence in Italy 176 Now tempest-rocked, now whirling round and round.

tempest-shaken adj.

ΚΠ

1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna i. 23 The tempest-shaken wood, The waves, the fountains, and the hush of night.

tempest-shattered adj.

ΚΠ

1845 H. W. Longfellow Seaweed in Graham's Mag. Jan. 12/2 From the wreck of hopes far-scattered, Tempest-shattered, Floating waste and desolate.

tempest-smitten adj.

ΚΠ

1844 J. G. Whittier Bridal of Pennacook in United States Mag. Sept. 239 Sometimes The tempest-smitten tree receives From one small root the sap which climbs Its topmost spray and crowning leaves.

tempest-swept adj.

ΚΠ

1853 J. S. C. Abbott in Harper's New Monthly Mag. Aug. 345/2 Struggling along the drifted and tempest-swept defile.

† tempest-threatened adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1633 J. Ford Broken Heart iv. i. sig. H3^v Like Tempest-threatned Trees vnfirmely rooted.

tempest-throttled adj.

ΚΠ

1930 R. Campbell Adamastor 51 Doomed vessels..Reared to the stars their tempest-throttled cry.

tempest-torn adj.

ΚΠ

1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 67 After long trauaile, tempest-torne and wrack'd.

1918 W. S. Churchill in M. Gilbert Winston S. Churchill (1977) IV. Compan. i. 418 Prompt and clear must be those great decisions which assign definite limits to the increasing confusion and miseries of the vanquished and above the tempest-torn waters light again the beacons of mankind.

1939 R. Campbell Flowering Rifle ii. 64 The wide-winged and wounded Albatross The tempest-torn that rides (and bears) the strife.

tempest-troubled adj.

ΚΠ

1825 D. L. Richardson Sonnets 141 I marked the tempest-troubled wave.

1952 R. Campbell tr. C. Baudelaire Poems 183 She sought, with tempest-troubled gaze, the skies Of her first innocence.

tempest-winged adj.

ΚΠ

1727 J. Thomson Summer 30 The quivering Kingdoms sport; with Tempest-Wing.

tempest-worn adj.

C3. Objective.

tempest-bearing adj.

ΚΠ

1746 W. Dunkin tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles ii. ii. 243 Nor yet expos'd to Tempest-bearing Strife.

tempest-clear adj.

ΚΠ

1868 M. Collins Sweet Anne Page I. 149 Always the white sky should be tempest-clear.

tempest-cleaving adj.

ΚΠ

1819 P. B. Shelley Lines Euganean Hills in Rosalind & Helen 77 That a tempest-cleaving swan Of the songs of Albion,..Found a nest in thee.

tempest-loving adj.

ΚΠ

1727 J. Thomson Summer 61 The Tempest-loving Raven scarce Dares wing the dubious Dusk.

tempest-proof adj.

ΚΠ

1660 Scutum Regale: Royal Buckler 403 Like one Ship..tempest-proof upon a troubled Sea.

tempest-scoffing adj.

tempest-walking adj.

ΚΠ

1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 35 These are Jove's tempest-walking hounds.

tempest-raiser adj.

ΚΠ

1878 tr. P. Lacroix Sci. & Lit. Middle Ages & Renaissance 225 A special class of sorcerers called tempest-raisers.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

tempestv.

/ˈtɛmpɪst/

/tɛmˈpɛst/

Etymology: < Old French tempeste-r (12th cent.), < tempeste : see tempest n.

1. transitive. To affect by or as by a tempest; to throw into violent commotion, to agitate violently.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > agitate [verb (transitive)] > violently or convulsively

tempest1390

tempest-tossa1616

tumultuate1616

convulse1643

tumult1819

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 167 And whan hir list the Sky tempeste, The reinbowe is hir Messager.

c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) iv. i. 174 Tempested it was gretliche, of gret tempestes and of wyind.

1480 W. Caxton tr. Ovid Metamorphoses xi. xix The wyndes..renne so radely, that nothing may lette them to tempeste alle the see.

1657 T. Aylesbury Treat. Confession of Sinne xii. 346 Rooted most when most tempested.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 412 Fish..part huge of bulk Wallowing unweildie, enormous in thir Gate Tempest the Ocean.

1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xxi. 30 The huge Dolphin tempesting the Main.

1834 H. N. Coleridge Introd. Greek Poets (ed. 2) 129 As when two winds—the north and west..suddenly tempest the sea.

a1856 H. Miller Testimony of Rocks (1857) iii. 137 Its wonderful whales..of the reptilian class..must have tempested the deep.

2. figurative. To disturb violently (a person, the mind).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)]

to-wendc893

mingeOE

dreveOE

angerc1175

sturb?c1225

worec1225

troublec1230

sturble1303

disturbc1305

movea1325

disturblec1330

drubblea1340

drovec1350

distroublec1369

tempestc1374

outsturba1382

unresta1382

stroublec1384

unquietc1384

conturb1393

mismaya1400

unquemea1400

uneasec1400

discomfita1425

smite?a1425

perturbc1425

pertrouble?1435

inquiet1486

toss1526

alter1529

disquiet1530

turmoil1530

perturbate1533

broil1548

mis-set?1553

shake1567

parbruilyiec1586

agitate1587

roil1590

transpose1594

discompose1603

harrow1609

hurry1611

obturb1623

shog1636

untune1638

alarm1649

disorder1655

begruntlea1670

pother1692

disconcert1695

ruffle1701

tempestuate1702

rough1777

caddle1781

to put out1796

upset1805

discomfort1806

start1821

faze1830

bother1832

to put aback1833

to put about1843

raft1844

queer1845

rattle1865

to turn over1865

untranquillize1874

hack1881

rock1881

to shake up1884

to put off1909

to go (also pass) through a phase1913

to weird out1970

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > throw into commotion or disorder [verb (transitive)] > violently

tempestc1374

tempestuate1702

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) ii. pr. iv. 28 I haue som what conforted the so þat thow tempest the nat thus with al thi fortune.

a1415 J. Lydgate Temple Glas 1157 For no turment, þat þe fallen shal, Tempest þe not.

?1521 J. Fisher Serm. agayn Luther sig. Aij^v Ioannes wiccliff, with other moo, which sore tempested the chyrche.

1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 25 Tempested with disordered thoughts and vnruly passions.

1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World I. 202 A mind..tempested up by a thousand various passions.

1819 T. Campbell Specimens Brit. Poets I. 164 A man..has hardly tied the fatal knot when his house is tempested by female eloquence.

3. intransitive. Of the wind, weather, etc., and impersonal: To be tempestuous, to blow tempestuously; to rage, storm. Also figurative. dialect or archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > be violent [verb (intransitive)]

wedec900

wrakec1330

ragea1475

tempest1477

rave1559

ruffle1579

violent1609

chafea1616

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [verb (intransitive)] > storm or be stormy

storm14..

tempest1477

lay1572

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 74 Sone after the winde began to rise & tempest horrible & impetuose.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 754/1 Herde you nat howe it tempested to nyght?

1602 B. Jonson Poetaster v. i. sig. K^v Other Princes..Thunder and tempest, on those learned heads, Whom Cæsar with such Honour doth aduance.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 207 Blind night in darkness tempests.

1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. 119 It tempestes so as we're troubled to pitch the hay upon to the stack anyhows in the wurreld.

1897 F. Thompson New Poems 111 Flew spurned the pebbled stars: those splendours then Had tempested on earth, star upon star.

Derivatives

ˈtempested adj. tossed or afflicted by a tempest.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] > stormy > accompanied with or done in rough weather > tossed or beaten by storms

storm-beat1590

tempest-tossed1599

tempest-beaten1605

tempesteda1631

bestormed1837

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1954) VII. 224 A bottomlesse Sea, which no Plummet can sound..no anchor take hold of (no repentance stay his tempested and weather-beaten conscience).

1811 P. B. Shelley St. Irvyne ix. 182 And the moon dimly gleam'd through the tempested air.

1846 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles iv. 148 The Church of Christ has evermore resembled this tempested bark.

ˈtempesting n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [noun] > stormy weather > the raging of a tempest

rave1598

tempesting1882

1882 F. W. H. Myers Renewal of Youth 288 Rocked by strange blast and stormy tempestings.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	tempest
释义	tempestn. /ˈtɛmpɪst/ Forms: Middle English– tempest; also Middle English–1500s tempeste, Middle English tempast, tempaste. Etymology: < Old French tempeste, feminine (11th cent. in Roland) = Italian tempesta, Provençal tempesta < popular Latin tempesta-m, for classical Latin tempestās, -ātem* season, weather, storm, < tempus a time, a season; also < Old French tempest (masculine) (13th cent. in Godefroy) = Provençal tempest < Latin tempestum. Old French had also tempeste, accusative singular tempesté, plural tempestez (12th cent.) = Spanish tempestád, Portuguese tempestade, Italian -ate, -ade, < Latin temˈpestās, tempestā-t-em. 1. a. A violent storm of wind, usually accompanied by a downfall of rain, hail, or snow, or by thunder. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [noun] > stormy weather > a storm stormc825 un-i-withereOE tempestc1250 riggc1400 orage1477 buba1500 procellea1500 stour1827 rattler1835 c1250 Old Kentish Serm. in Old Eng. Misc. 32 So hi were in þo ssipe so a-ros a great tempeste of winde. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1151 Hor folc hii lore in þe se þoru tempest [v.r. tempeste] moni on. c1386 G. Chaucer Manciple's Tale 197 Euere crie agayn tempest and rayn. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 203 A cruel king lich the tempeste, The whom no Pite myhte areste. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6027 Israel for þis tempest [Gött. tempast] Was noþer harmed, man ne beist. a1400 K. Alis. (Bodl.) 5810 Þe wederes stronge and tempestes Þat hem duden grete molestes. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Kings ii. 1 Whan the Lorde was mynded to take vp Elias in the tempest. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12467 Trees thurgh tempestes, tynde hade þere leues. 1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 389 Seven whole dayes and nights this tempest lasted. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 140 A Station safe for Ships, when Tempests roar. View more context for this quotation 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 46 In some places the time of change is attended with calms, in others..with violent tempests. 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine i. §3. 68 The whole air filled..with a tempest of sand driving in your face like sleet. b. A thunder-storm. British regional and North American (north-eastern). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > thunder and lightning > [noun] > thunder > thunderstorm thundera1400 tempest?1533 tornado1589 tornade1634 thunder-storma1656 line-thunderstorm1887 ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Hiii To be killed with tempest, fauldroier. 1712 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 30 June (1889) III. 408 We were forc'd by a tempest to stop at Yarnton. 1839 G. Bird Elements Nat. Philos. 212 Several instances have occurred of the fatal effects of a tempest..at a considerable distance from the spot..where the violence of the lightning appeared to have been chiefly exerted. c1860 Northamp. Dial. It's very still and black. I think we shall have a tempest to-night. 1877 R. T. Cooke in Harper's Mag. Jan. 297/1 Ominous flashes of tempest began to play about the far horizon. 1883 W. H. Cope Gloss. Hampshire Words Tempest, a thunder-storm. 1892 Dial. Notes 1 211 Tempest, a thunder-shower. [Plymouth, Massachusetts.] 1951 Amer. Speech 26 251 Such localized terms as..the southeastern New England tempest (thunderstorm)... Tempest was recorded from a Schuylerville (Saratoga Co.) informant, definitely conscious of his ultimate Nantucket ancestry. 1965 E. Richardson Living Island 171 August is also the month of tempests (for here [i.e. in Nova Scotia] electrical storms keep the name used by Shakespeare). 2. transferred and figurative. a. A violent commotion or disturbance; a tumult, rush; agitation, perturbation. tempest in a teapot: see tempest in a teapot at teapot n. b. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] > violent tempestc1315 combustion1589 turbulence1598 turbulency1607 turbulentness1610 simoom1813 tornado1818 c1315 Shoreham vii. 642 Þat best..þat hyt hedde ine hym y-nome Soche a tempeste. c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 273 Now is Gij in gret tempest, Sorwe he makeþ wiþ þe mest. 1472 Coventry Leet Bk. 373 The gret tempestes diuisions & troubles that in late daies haue be in this our Reaume. 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus i. i. 455 Cheare the hart, That dies in tempest of thy angrie frowne. View more context for this quotation 1606 S. Gardiner Bk. Angling 12 Waues of tribulation, tempests of tentations. 1770 E. Burke Corr. (1844) I. 243 In the midst of all this tempest the ministers..seem much at their ease. 1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 61 Helen Craven was very pale and very silent during this parental tempest. 1909 Daily Chron. 3 Dec. 1/2 This fine passage..drew a tempest of cheering. †b. Calamity, misfortune, trouble. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] unhealc700 unselthc888 bale-sithea1000 unselea1023 un-i-selthOE sithec1250 ruthc1275 unwhatec1275 tempestc1330 illa1340 infelicityc1384 banec1400 naufragiea1425 infortunitya1438 naufrage1480 calamity1490 inconvenience1509 wanweirda1522 inconveniency1553 wroth1581 murderation1862 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 16541 Moryne & hunger..had reft..al þe folk wyþ tempest vnkynde. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 394 For sleuth nor sleip sall nayne remayne in me Off this tempest till I a wengeance se. 3. a. A confused or tumultuous throng; †a crowded assembly: cf. hurricane n. 2b (obsolete); a rushing or tearing crowd. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered > large or numerous > disorderly frapec1330 rabblea1398 rafflea1450 unlawful assembly1485 rabblement1543 rabble rout?1589 ringat-rangata1600 hurry1620 ribble-rabble1635 tempest1746 cohue1850 pig pile1880 dog pile1921 scrimmage1968 1746 T. Smollett Advice 30 (note) Not unaptly styled a drum, from the noise and emptiness of the entertainment. There are also drum-major, rout, tempest, and hurricane, differing only in degrees of multitude and uproar. 1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia (1769) II. 309 How to spend their hours in London more agreeably than in routs, drums, huricanes, and tempests. 1866 Carlyle in Morning Star 5 Apr. 5/5 It turned out to be a tempest of wild horses, managed by young lads who had a turn for hunting with their grooms. b. A person of stormy temper. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > [noun] > irascible person wasp1496 shit-fire1598 flesh-pistol1608 tinder-box1608 touchwood1617 Tartar1669 touch and go1675 spitfire1684 vengeance1712 spunkie1821 pepperbox1822 tempest1852 pepperer1864 gingersnap1889 pepperpot1894 spit-cat1898 spit kitten1912 slow burner1930 fireball1931 pop-off1938 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin (U.K. ed.) xxiii Henrique is a regular little tempest—his mother and I have given him up long ago. †4. A time; a period, an occasion. (A verbalism of translation.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > particular time > [noun] sitheeOE tidec897 timeeOE mealeOE whilec950 throwOE charec1000 stevenOE timeOE seasona1300 tempest1382 world1389 occasionc1425 tidement1575 period1602 minute1607 hinta1670 epoch1728 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 2 Chron. xxviii. 9 In that tempest [L. ea tempestate] was ther a prophete of the Lord. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 337 In þat tempest [L. sub ea tempestate] went out þat man þat heet Liber pater. Compounds General attributive. C1. Simple attributive. tempest-anger n. ΚΠ 1898 W. Watson Tomb of Burns in Poems Byron's tempest-anger, tempest-mirth. tempest-cloud n. tempest-pitch n. tempest-rack n. rack n.² 3. ΚΠ 1844 J. R. Lowell Legend of Brittany ii. xi Before its eyes the sullen tempest-rack Would fade. tempest-shock n. ΚΠ 1837 Spirit of the Woods 84 Mid sorrow's tempest-shock. tempest-speed n. tempest-spirit n. tempest-time n. C2. Instrumental. tempest-tossed adj. tempest-beaten adj. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [adjective] > storm-tossed forstormed1393 sea-beaten1562 sea-beat1579 storm-beaten1582 storm-beat1590 tempest-tossed1599 tempest-beaten1605 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] > stormy > accompanied with or done in rough weather > tossed or beaten by storms storm-beat1590 tempest-tossed1599 tempest-beaten1605 tempesteda1631 bestormed1837 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. v. 159 The tempest-beaten Vessels sterne. 1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia I. xxi. 138 I rejoiced like a tempest-beaten sailor at his entrance into the harbour. tempest-blown adj. tempest-born adj. ΚΠ 1865 S. Baring-Gould Bk. Were-wolves x. 177 To leave the summer cirrus and turn to the tempest-born rain-cloud. tempest-charged adj. ΚΠ 1826 J. G. Whittier Vale of Merrimac in Free Press (Newburyport, Mass.) 29 June 4/1 And the tempest-charg'd vapor their tall tops embraces. tempest-driven adj. ΚΠ 1849 tr. F. H. K. de La Motte Fouqué Sir Elidoc 166 His tempest-driven heart. tempest-flung adj. tempest-harrowed adj. ΚΠ 1776 W. J. Mickle tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad 80 On many a tempest-harrowed ocean tost. tempest-haunted adj. ΚΠ 1880 H. W. Longfellow Ultima Thule 7 Are not these The tempest-haunted Hebrides, Where sea-gulls scream? tempest-rent adj. ΚΠ 1820 T. Mitchell tr. Aristophanes Knights in tr. Aristophanes Comedies I. 186 Must I be thus tempest-rent? tempest-rocked adj. ΚΠ c1820 S. Rogers Campagna of Florence in Italy 176 Now tempest-rocked, now whirling round and round. tempest-shaken adj. ΚΠ 1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna i. 23 The tempest-shaken wood, The waves, the fountains, and the hush of night. tempest-shattered adj. ΚΠ 1845 H. W. Longfellow Seaweed in Graham's Mag. Jan. 12/2 From the wreck of hopes far-scattered, Tempest-shattered, Floating waste and desolate. tempest-smitten adj. ΚΠ 1844 J. G. Whittier Bridal of Pennacook in United States Mag. Sept. 239 Sometimes The tempest-smitten tree receives From one small root the sap which climbs Its topmost spray and crowning leaves. tempest-swept adj. ΚΠ 1853 J. S. C. Abbott in Harper's New Monthly Mag. Aug. 345/2 Struggling along the drifted and tempest-swept defile. † tempest-threatened adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1633 J. Ford Broken Heart iv. i. sig. H3^v Like Tempest-threatned Trees vnfirmely rooted. tempest-throttled adj. ΚΠ 1930 R. Campbell Adamastor 51 Doomed vessels..Reared to the stars their tempest-throttled cry. tempest-torn adj. ΚΠ 1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 67 After long trauaile, tempest-torne and wrack'd. 1918 W. S. Churchill in M. Gilbert Winston S. Churchill (1977) IV. Compan. i. 418 Prompt and clear must be those great decisions which assign definite limits to the increasing confusion and miseries of the vanquished and above the tempest-torn waters light again the beacons of mankind. 1939 R. Campbell Flowering Rifle ii. 64 The wide-winged and wounded Albatross The tempest-torn that rides (and bears) the strife. tempest-troubled adj. ΚΠ 1825 D. L. Richardson Sonnets 141 I marked the tempest-troubled wave. 1952 R. Campbell tr. C. Baudelaire Poems 183 She sought, with tempest-troubled gaze, the skies Of her first innocence. tempest-winged adj. ΚΠ 1727 J. Thomson Summer 30 The quivering Kingdoms sport; with Tempest-Wing. tempest-worn adj. C3. Objective. a. tempest-bearing adj. ΚΠ 1746 W. Dunkin tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles ii. ii. 243 Nor yet expos'd to Tempest-bearing Strife. tempest-clear adj. ΚΠ 1868 M. Collins Sweet Anne Page I. 149 Always the white sky should be tempest-clear. tempest-cleaving adj. ΚΠ 1819 P. B. Shelley Lines Euganean Hills in Rosalind & Helen 77 That a tempest-cleaving swan Of the songs of Albion,..Found a nest in thee. tempest-loving adj. ΚΠ 1727 J. Thomson Summer 61 The Tempest-loving Raven scarce Dares wing the dubious Dusk. tempest-proof adj. ΚΠ 1660 Scutum Regale: Royal Buckler 403 Like one Ship..tempest-proof upon a troubled Sea. tempest-scoffing adj. tempest-walking adj. ΚΠ 1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 35 These are Jove's tempest-walking hounds. b. tempest-raiser adj. ΚΠ 1878 tr. P. Lacroix Sci. & Lit. Middle Ages & Renaissance 225 A special class of sorcerers called tempest-raisers. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2022). tempestv. /ˈtɛmpɪst//tɛmˈpɛst/ Etymology: < Old French tempeste-r (12th cent.), < tempeste : see tempest n. 1. transitive. To affect by or as by a tempest; to throw into violent commotion, to agitate violently. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > agitate [verb (transitive)] > violently or convulsively tempest1390 tempest-tossa1616 tumultuate1616 convulse1643 tumult1819 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 167 And whan hir list the Sky tempeste, The reinbowe is hir Messager. c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) iv. i. 174 Tempested it was gretliche, of gret tempestes and of wyind. 1480 W. Caxton tr. Ovid Metamorphoses xi. xix The wyndes..renne so radely, that nothing may lette them to tempeste alle the see. 1657 T. Aylesbury Treat. Confession of Sinne xii. 346 Rooted most when most tempested. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 412 Fish..part huge of bulk Wallowing unweildie, enormous in thir Gate Tempest the Ocean. View more context for this quotation 1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xxi. 30 The huge Dolphin tempesting the Main. 1834 H. N. Coleridge Introd. Greek Poets (ed. 2) 129 As when two winds—the north and west..suddenly tempest the sea. a1856 H. Miller Testimony of Rocks (1857) iii. 137 Its wonderful whales..of the reptilian class..must have tempested the deep. 2. figurative. To disturb violently (a person, the mind). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)] to-wendc893 mingeOE dreveOE angerc1175 sturb?c1225 worec1225 troublec1230 sturble1303 disturbc1305 movea1325 disturblec1330 drubblea1340 drovec1350 distroublec1369 tempestc1374 outsturba1382 unresta1382 stroublec1384 unquietc1384 conturb1393 mismaya1400 unquemea1400 uneasec1400 discomfita1425 smite?a1425 perturbc1425 pertrouble?1435 inquiet1486 toss1526 alter1529 disquiet1530 turmoil1530 perturbate1533 broil1548 mis-set?1553 shake1567 parbruilyiec1586 agitate1587 roil1590 transpose1594 discompose1603 harrow1609 hurry1611 obturb1623 shog1636 untune1638 alarm1649 disorder1655 begruntlea1670 pother1692 disconcert1695 ruffle1701 tempestuate1702 rough1777 caddle1781 to put out1796 upset1805 discomfort1806 start1821 faze1830 bother1832 to put aback1833 to put about1843 raft1844 queer1845 rattle1865 to turn over1865 untranquillize1874 hack1881 rock1881 to shake up1884 to put off1909 to go (also pass) through a phase1913 to weird out1970 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > throw into commotion or disorder [verb (transitive)] > violently tempestc1374 tempestuate1702 c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) ii. pr. iv. 28 I haue som what conforted the so þat thow tempest the nat thus with al thi fortune. a1415 J. Lydgate Temple Glas 1157 For no turment, þat þe fallen shal, Tempest þe not. ?1521 J. Fisher Serm. agayn Luther sig. Aij^v Ioannes wiccliff, with other moo, which sore tempested the chyrche. 1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 25 Tempested with disordered thoughts and vnruly passions. 1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World I. 202 A mind..tempested up by a thousand various passions. 1819 T. Campbell Specimens Brit. Poets I. 164 A man..has hardly tied the fatal knot when his house is tempested by female eloquence. 3. intransitive. Of the wind, weather, etc., and impersonal: To be tempestuous, to blow tempestuously; to rage, storm. Also figurative. dialect or archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > be violent [verb (intransitive)] wedec900 wrakec1330 ragea1475 tempest1477 rave1559 ruffle1579 violent1609 chafea1616 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [verb (intransitive)] > storm or be stormy storm14.. tempest1477 lay1572 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 74 Sone after the winde began to rise & tempest horrible & impetuose. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 754/1 Herde you nat howe it tempested to nyght? 1602 B. Jonson Poetaster v. i. sig. K^v Other Princes..Thunder and tempest, on those learned heads, Whom Cæsar with such Honour doth aduance. View more context for this quotation 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 207 Blind night in darkness tempests. 1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. 119 It tempestes so as we're troubled to pitch the hay upon to the stack anyhows in the wurreld. 1897 F. Thompson New Poems 111 Flew spurned the pebbled stars: those splendours then Had tempested on earth, star upon star. Derivatives ˈtempested adj. tossed or afflicted by a tempest. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] > stormy > accompanied with or done in rough weather > tossed or beaten by storms storm-beat1590 tempest-tossed1599 tempest-beaten1605 tempesteda1631 bestormed1837 a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1954) VII. 224 A bottomlesse Sea, which no Plummet can sound..no anchor take hold of (no repentance stay his tempested and weather-beaten conscience). 1811 P. B. Shelley St. Irvyne ix. 182 And the moon dimly gleam'd through the tempested air. 1846 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles iv. 148 The Church of Christ has evermore resembled this tempested bark. ˈtempesting n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [noun] > stormy weather > the raging of a tempest rave1598 tempesting1882 1882 F. W. H. Myers Renewal of Youth 288 Rocked by strange blast and stormy tempestings. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.c1250v.c1374
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