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单词 terrier
释义

terriern.1

Brit. /ˈtɛrɪə/, U.S. /ˈtɛriər/
Forms: late Middle English terrere, late Middle English terrowr, late Middle English terryare, late Middle English–1500s terrour, late Middle English–1500s terryer, 1500s taryer, 1500s–1600s terrar, 1500s– terrier, 1600s tarier, 1600s tarriar, 1600s tarryer, 1600s terriar, 1600s terriare, 1600s–1700s (1800s– English regional (northern)) tarrier; also Scottish 1700s–1800s tarrier.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French terrer, terrier.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman terrer (noun) denoting a breed of dog originally bred to kill, flush out, or pursue vermin and burrowing animals such as rabbits or foxes into their earths (1354) and Middle French terrier (adjective) designating this breed of dog (a1376 in chien terrier ; the use as noun is not paralleled in continental French until considerably later (1690)) < post-classical Latin terrarius (1210 in a British source in this sense), use as noun of terrarius earthly (see terrier n.2). The dog is so called on account of its use in hunting to start badgers and other quarry from their earth or burrow; compare terrier n.3 In sense 2 after French terrier (in Castor terrier: 1704 in the passage translated in quot. 1734, from a letter by Dr Sarrasin, a French physician in Canada, cited by J. P. de Tournefort in Mém. de l'Acad. Royale des Sci. 1704 64, in Hist. de l'Acad. Royale des Sci. 1704). In sense 3 punning on Territorial Army n.; compare terry n.3 and slightly later territorial adj. 4.With sense 1a compare Middle French chien de terre (1600 in the passage translated in quot. 1600 for earth dog n. at earth n.1 Compounds 8a).
1.
a. One of a large group of breeds of dog which are mostly small and active, originally bred to pursue vermin and burrowing animals such as rabbits or foxes into their earths and to flush out or kill them; a dog of one of these breeds. Also more fully terrier dog. Frequently with distinguishing word specifying a group of breeds, as toy terrier, working terrier, etc.Airedale, Cairn, fox, Jack Russell, pit bull, Staffordshire bull, Yorkshire terrier, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > terrier > [noun]
terriera1425
earth dog1600
terrye1608
black and tan1844
a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) 5 First y will begyn at Racches and þeire nature..after at Greyhoundes..alauntes..Spayngyels..Mastyfs that men callen Curres..and after at smale Curres and that fallen to be terreres.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 489 Terrere [a1475 Winch. Terryare], hownde, terrarius.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 280/1 Terryer a dogge, chien terrier.
1576 A. Fleming tr. J. Caius Of Eng. Dogges 4 Of the Dogge called a Terrar, in Latine Terrarius. Another sorte..which hunteth the Foxe and the Badger or Greye onely, whom we call Terrars, because they..creepe into the grounde.
1602 2nd Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus ii. v. 871 An open table for all kinde of dogges..He hath your..Terriers, Butchers dogs, Bloud-hounds.
1648 Hunting of Fox 25 Like so many Tarriars we must fasten upon them with tooth and nail.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 286 The tarrier is a small kind of hound, with rough hair.
1786 Daily Advertiser 10 Oct. 3/1 Lost in Fleet-Street, about Twelve o'Clock on Monday, a slender black and Tan Bitch Terrier.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 5 A rough terrier dog..scampered at large.
1862 T. H. Huxley On Knowl. Causes Phenomena Org. Nature 110 It is a physiological peculiarity..that impels the terrier to its rat-hunting propensity.
1907 R. Leighton New Bk. Dog xxix. 318/1 ‘I have kept the Jack Russell type of terrier for nearly twenty years,’ says Mr. Reginald Bates, ‘and have used them for fox and badger digging.’
1991 ‘C. Fremlin’ Dangerous Thoughts x. 78 You know, Mum, what Dad's like when he gets things into his head! Worries them to pieces like a terrier.
2010 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Jan. 49/1 Patterdales are the local terrier of choice: wiry, beady, and usually black.
b. figurative. A tenacious, eager, or energetic person or animal; a person reminiscent of a terrier in character or appearance.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > vigorous or energetic person
pealerc1400
terrier1532
swinger1583
whipster1590
fireman1648
my (also me) hearty1735
whitherer1790
spunkie1806
vigorist1807
spunk1808
goer1811
smiter1823
hard hitter1831
blue hen's chicken (also chick)1859
stem-winder1875
vital force1886
live wire1896
towser1901
powerhouse1908
jazzer1912
1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 695/1 We shall..set in such terryers to him, that we shall..eyther course him abrode or make him euyll rest within.
a1639 T. Dekker et al. Witch of Edmonton (1658) i. ii. 7 Bonds and Bills are but Tarriers to catch Fools.
?c1663 B. Whitelocke Diary (1990) 171 With him joyned Mr Sollicitor St John, S[i]r Henry Vane jun[io]r,..& many lesser terriers.
1700 T. D'Urfey Famous Hist. Rise & Fall Massaniello i. v. ii. 47 These Churchmen are rare Terriers, they can hunt in a dark Corner rarely.
1779 S. Johnson Otway in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets IV. 11 Hunted..by the terriers of the law, he retired to a publick house on Tower-hill, where he died of want.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian viii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 217 The opening quest of a well-scented terrier of the law drove me from the vicinity of Edinburgh.
1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations II. v. 81 A little flabby terrier of a clerk with dangling hair..was similarly engaged with a man with weak eyes.
1915 J. Galsworthy Freelands xxiv. 251 A little terrier of a man, with gingery, wired hair, obviously the more articulate soul of these proceedings.
1988 Daily Star 2 Nov. 28/4 A gutsy midfield terrier—and a promising amateur boxer.
2. More fully terrier beaver. A beaver that burrows instead of building lodges. Now chiefly historical.Such behaviour depends on factors of habitat, population density, and predation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Castoridae (beaver)
beaverc1000
brocka1387
castora1549
badger1591
terrier1734
bank beaver1903
1734 C. Mortimer in Philos. Trans. 1733–4 (Royal Soc.) 38 177 He [sc. Sarrasin] says there are some Beavers called Terriers [Fr. Castors terriers], which burrow in the Earth.
1781 T. Pennant Hist. Quadrupeds II. 384 [Beavers]..are met with dispersed, or in the state of Terriers, in the wooded parts of independent Tartary.
1807 W. Wood Zoography I. 284 These beavers are called terriers; they either burrow in the banks of rivers, or make their abode in caverns dug in a rising ground.
1917 Fur News Oct. 6/3 His presence there is now unknown: or..it is no longer in the beaver dam, with its cluster of social domes, but only a solitary creature, a ‘terrier beaver’, ill-featured, shaggy in coat, and stunted in growth.
1990 B. Sax Frog King v. 99 Beavers which live in burrows—called ‘Terrier Beavers’..may have been rejected by their communities.
3. colloquial. A member of the Territorial Army (see Territorial Army n.). Cf. terry n.3
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by branch of army > [noun] > member of Territorial Army
terrier1907
territorial1907
terry1907
1907 Times 29 May 6/2 As soon as the right hon. gentleman began to appeal for recruits for his new organization, he must appeal to them as..‘the Terriers’.
1908 Daily News 5 Aug. 4 His [Mr. Haldane's] ‘Terriers’, as the wit of London has nicknamed our Home Army.
1935 Economist 7 Sept. 464/1 This change-over of responsibilities inside the War Office places the ‘Terriers’ within the same organisation as the ‘Regulars’.
1980 Times 12 Mar. 12/4 More Terriers. The strength of the Territorial Army on December 31 last year was just under 62,000.
1991 Soldier 28 Oct. 7/3 Terriers of the 1st Battalion, Yorkshire Volunteers met their Honorary Colonel when the Duchess of Kent visited them at their annual training camp.

Compounds

C1. attributive and appositive. That is a terrier; of or like a terrier (for terrier dog see 1).
ΚΠ
1792 Mem. Med. Soc. London 3 xiv. 248 A terrier puppy, about a week old, was placed under the receiver of the air pump, and the air directly exhausted.
1809 W. Scott Let. 8 July (1932) II. 205 A terrier puppy of the old shaggy Celtic breed.
1858 E. J. Lewis in W. Youatt Dog (N.Y. ed.) v. 169 The imaginary beauty of a terrier crop consists in the foxy appearance of the ears.
1894 R. D. Blackmore Perlycross II. xi. 245 Endowed with the terrier nose of suspicion.
1950 ‘J. Tey’ To love & be Wise viii. 90 But he had terrier qualities that were invaluable in a hunt.
2000 J. Stahlkuppe Amer. Pit Bulls 98 Roundworms will sap the vigor and growth potential of little terrier pups.
C2.
terrierman n. Hunting a person employed to head the terriers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunter > [noun] > one using setter, beagles, etc.
setter1780
beagler1841
runner1874
terrierman1930
1842 Sporting Mag. Jan. 228 Old Will Smale, the terrierman, put his terriers into the holt below Watercombe, and bolted a fox.
1930 C. Frederick et al. Fox-hunting x. 130 If the bag is suspended..by strong pieces of india-rubber..it is more comfortable for the terrier and the terrier man.
1993 Daily Tel. 27 Nov. 9/5 (heading) Terrierman sentenced for hunt affray.

Derivatives

ˈterrier-like adj. that resembles or is suggestive of a terrier.
ΚΠ
1788 ‘P. Pindar’ Brother Peter to Brother Tom 21 There, terrier like, till pages find him out, He pokes his most sagacious nose about.
1895 W. C. Scully Kafir Stories 133 He had a wiry and terrier-like appearance.
1991 N. Wyn Ellis John Major iii. 106 Once he is angry he engages the antagonist with a terrier-like tenacity.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

terriern.2

Brit. /ˈtɛrɪə/, U.S. /ˈtɛriər/
Forms:

α. Middle English–1800s terrar, 1500s tarrar.

β. Middle English terrere, 1500s terer, 1500s– terrier, 1600s terreer, 1600s–1700s terrer.

γ. 1500s terrore, 1500s terrour, 1600s teror, 1600s terrior.

δ. 1500s tarrye.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French terrier; Latin terrarium.
Etymology: Partly (i) < Middle French terrier (French †terrier ) rent roll (1456 or earlier; 1241 in Old French as tierier ) < tierre , terre earth (see terre n.) + -ier -ier suffix; compare Middle French, French †terrier (adjective) of or belonging to the earth or to a territory (1376, earliest in chien terrier : see terrier n.1), and also Middle French registre terrier (1474), Middle French, French †papier terrier (1573), both in sense ‘rent roll’; and partly (ii) < post-classical Latin terrarium register of landed property, rent roll (1316, 1326 in British sources; also as terrerium (1338)), use as noun (apparently after the Old French and Middle French noun cited above) of terrarius earthly (4th cent.), landowning (12th cent. in a British source; compare classical Latin terrārius person who works on shore (attested in an inscription)) < classical Latin terra terra n. + -ārius -ier suffix. Compare post-classical Latin terrarius liber (1619). Compare terrar n.With the γ. forms compare -or suffix, -our suffix. The ending of the δ. form tarrye probably reflects the pronunciation of the French word (if not simply an error).
1. A register of landed property, formerly including lists of vassals and tenants, with details of their holdings, services, and rents; a rent roll; in later use: a book recording the site, boundaries, acreage, etc., of the lands belonging to a private person, or a civil or (now chiefly) an ecclesiastical corporation. Also: an inventory of property or goods.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > a legal holding > [noun] > land register
register1426
terrier1477
society > law > transfer of property > types of transfer > charter or deed conveying property > [noun] > charter or deed conveying land > describing boundaries
terrier1477
telligraph1863
1477 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 177 Increse the rente and make a newe terrar and rentall.
1492 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 78 I wyll that..the terrere wyth that oon partye of thys indentur be putte and kepte in the hutche of the Gyldehalle.
1527 Luton Trin. Guild (1906) 192 A terrore of ye land yt was Thomas Colemakers.
1569 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 136 A tarrar of alle the landes and medowes..belongeng to the towne.
1584 in N. Riding Rec. (1894) New Ser. I. 231 An auncient and true terrour..declaringe the limits [etc.].
1594 W. West Symbolæogr.: 2nd Pt. ii. Chancerie §87 The deedes, evidences, muniments, terriers.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 113 Some Diocesses in this Terreer were exactly done, and remain fairly legible at this day.
1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Terrar..is a Book, Survey, or Land-Roll, wherein the several Lands..are described; containing the quantity of Acres, boundaries, Tenants names, and such like.
a1695 A. Wood Life (1891) I. 398 That there was no terrier taken of the goods he had, which were bought at the college charg.
1756 T. Secker Memo 27 Jan. in A. P. Jenkins Corr. T. Secker (1991) 253 I also told him..there was no accurate or at present intelligible Terrier of the Chapel Yard, if any at all.
1792 D. Lysons Environs London I. 364 In a very ancient terrier, this parish is said to contain 61 yard-lands, each consisting of 15 acres by the custom of the manor.
1814 W. Marrat Hist. Lincs. II. 81 Here are also..about 274 acres, six score to the hundred, as an old terrier expresses it called Prior's field.
1879 Times 22 Sept. The dimensions of each plot by number are preserved in the official parish terrier.
1919 S. Weyman Great House xxix. 268 ‘What did the boxes contain?’..‘Nothing of any value..some copies of ancient terriers.’
1972 Country Life 24 Feb. 470/1 The present old rectory..is probably that described in a terrier..of 1608.
2010 Parsonages & Glebe Diocesan Man. (Church Commissioners) §6.8 162 The Glebe Terriers are deposited in the CERC.
2. In extended use: a survey, a register. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1634 T. Jackson Knowledg of Christ Jesus iv. 392 These and some few like staines or blots, which the moderne Jew hath made in Isaiah his map or terrar of the Evangelicall mysterie.
1646 J. Owen Country Ess. in Vision Free Mercy 66 What bounds, what terriers are to be assigned, to the one, or to the other.
a1649 R. Holdsworth in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1882) VI. Ps. cxix. 111 The holy terrier of the Celestial Canaan.
1931 M. Summers Supernatural Omnibus 34 In making a terrier of ghost stories it is well-nigh impossible to aim at anything like a complete and exhaustive survey.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

terriern.3

Forms: late Middle English terryer.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French terrier.
Etymology: < Middle French terrier (French terrier ) burrow, den (14th cent.; compare Anglo-Norman terrer , tarier , Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French terrier defensive embankment (late 12th cent.)) < terre earth (see terre n.) + -ier -ier suffix. Compare post-classical Latin terrarium earthen rampart (11th cent.). Compare earlier terrier n.1, terrier n.2
Obsolete.
An earth or burrow, esp. that of a fox.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [noun] > genus Vulpes > vulpes vulpes (fox) > lair
foxholelOE
traynec1400
terrier1484
tod hole1607
kennel1735
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v. ix. f. lxxxv The foxe..was within a terryer nyghe by the lodgys of the lyon.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

terrierv.

Brit. /ˈtɛrɪə/, U.S. /ˈtɛriər/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: terrier n.1
Etymology: < terrier n.1
intransitive. To burrow in the manner of a terrier. Also with away. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > hollowness > become hollow [verb (intransitive)] > burrow under surface
burrow1804
terrier1864
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)] > with persistence, effort, or urgency
shovec888
thringc893
thresta1225
wina1300
thrustc1330
pressa1375
throngc1440
wrestc1450
thrimp1513
to put forward1529
intrude1562
breast1581
shoulder1581
haggle1582
strivea1586
wrestle1591
to push on (also along)1602
elabour1606
contend1609
to put on?1611
struggle1686
worry1702
crush1755
squeege1783
battle1797
scrouge1798
sweat1856
flounder1861
pull?1863
tank1939
bulldozer1952
terrier1959
1864 S. Palmer in A. H. Palmer Life & Lett. Samuel Palmer (1892) 263 I terrier'd into the Milton Warren, and in a moment pounced upon the prey.
1959 R. Collier City that wouldn't Die ix. 155 Working with hand-shovels and even bare hands, Marotta and his crew began to terrier away.
2006 Dogs Monthly July 80/3 Here am I, a well known and respected columnist.., terriering away to entertain you mindless dog enthusiasts.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1a1425n.21477n.31484v.1864
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