thereforeadv.n.

/ˈðɛːfə/

/ðɛəˈfɔː(r)/

Forms: α. Middle English ðer-, Middle English þerfore, (Middle English þaruore, Middle English þeruore, Middle English ðor-, þar-fore, Middle English þervore), Middle English–1500s therfore, (1500s Scottish thair-, yair-, theirfore). β. Middle English þerefore, (Middle English þereuore, Middle English þarefore), Middle English– therefore. γ. Middle English þerfor, (Middle English þeruor, Middle English þarfor, tarfor, Middle English þer-for, yarfor), Middle English–1600s therfor, (1500s Scottish thair-, yairfor, yairfoir, 1600s therfoer). δ. 1500s– therefor, (1800s there-for).

Etymology: Early Middle English þerfore , þerefore (often written as two words), < þǣr-, þer-, there adv. + fore, Old English and early Middle English doublet of for : see fore adv. and prep. After final e became mute, fore preposition was gradually levelled with for, and ther(e)fore was often written therfor, therefor. In modern English (since c1800) therefore and therefor are almost always differentiated in spelling and stress in accordance with meaning: see below.

A. adv.

I. (Now stressed

/ðɛəˈfɔː(r)/, and usually spelt therefor for distinction from 2.) formal or archaic.

1. For that (thing, act, etc.); for that, for it.

a. In various senses of for prep.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > [adverb] > with this or that intention or purpose

thereforec1175

therefornea1300

whereto1535

hithera1538

thithera1616

hitherunto1635

hitherto1637

with this (or that) view1696

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 9 His festen..and chirc-ȝong and god to donne þeruore.

c1220 Bestiary 377 God giueð ðer fore mede.

c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 169 Born anon in to the heighe Tour, With certeine officers ordeynd therfore [v.rr. ther fore, there fore, þerfore].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 610 He gaf it him, als in heritage, To yeild þerfor [Fairf. þare-fore, Gött. þar for, Trin. Cambr. þerfore] na mar knaulage.

c1440 Alphabet of Tales 97 Sho ansswerd agayn & sayd..sho wold not delyver it or he & his felow bothe samen come þerfor.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 1 To gyue therfore synguler louynges & thankes.

1561 T. Norton & T. Sackville Gorboduc v. i Speede must we vse to levie force therefore.

a1642 R. Callis Reading of Statute of Sewers (1647) ii. 86 To erect new Walls, Banks and other Defences, and what sums of Money to Raise and Levy therefore.

1824 T. Medwin Conv. with Byron II. 186 I..have..continued here..in the hope of seeing things reconciled, and have done all in my power there-for.

1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics (1860) I. vi. iv. 184 If the emperor sins, he must give account to God therefor.

1861 Evening Star 4 Oct. 100lbs. of potatoes or a substitute therefore thrice a week.

1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 344 The love I had therefor.

1877 F. Hall Eng. Adj. in -able 39 Argument being at an end, recourse was then had to the common substitute therefor, ridicule.

1885 Act 48 & 49 Victoria c. 70 §7 He shall supply a copy of such report..on payment of the sum of one shilling therefor.

b. By reason of that; for that reason, on that account: cf. for prep. 20, 21.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [adverb]

thyeOE

therebyc897

theOE

thereforec1175

soa1200

hereforc1200

for that sakea1375

ipso facto1548

hence1571

argal1604

eo ipso1696

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 5 Þa ȝe [MS. þaȝ] habbe wele to ouer stohwennesse on þisse liue ne beo þu þereuore prud.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 143 Þaruore hire sinne hire bicome swiðe laðe.

c1220 Bestiary 509 Vt of his ðrote it smit an onde,..ðer-fore oðre fisses to him draȝen.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 5348 Vre louerd mid is eyen of milce on þe lokeþ þeruore.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1215 Ysmael pleide hard gamen. Sarra was ðor-fore often wroð.

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Lucrece. 1863 That Tarquyny shulde ybanysshed be ther-fore.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 287 Þerfor is he cald trinite For he es anfald godd in thre.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 2894 God forbede ȝe do þat sin þat ȝe in hell þarfor [Trin. Cambr. þerfore] brin.

1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance i. xi. f. lxx When he sayth hym selfe that they haue punyshed many therfore, that is to wyt for the same cause.

1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 181 If that any Iew did buy any Christian for his slave, hee should bee fined therefore.

1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel iv. vi. 98 They crossed the Liddle..And burned my little lonely tower; The fiend receive their souls therefor!

1848 J. R. Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 151 Tell Briggs that his ticket came safely, and that I am thankful therefor.

1868 N. Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1879) II. 173 They would all be..healthier men therefor.

1899 F. T. Bullen Log of Sea-waif 149 The ill-used crew promptly refused to do any more in her, and were, of course, clapped in jail therefor.

II. (Now always spelt therefore, and stressed

/ˈðɛəfə(r)/

/ˈðɛəfɔː(r)/.)

2. In consequence of that; that being so; as a result or inference from what has been stated; consequently. Formerly sometimes unemphatic (esp. in versions of the New Testament) = then adv. 5.In early use often indistinguishable from A. 1b, where see earlier examples; now distinguished as expressing a general relation of consequence or inference. Sometimes classed as a conjunction.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [adverb]

soothlyc825

welleOE

then971

alsoOE

thusc1175

followinglya1382

suinglya1382

hereuponc1385

effectuallya1398

thereforea1400

therewithc1450

pursuantly1530

consequently?1531

thereupon1534

hence?1535

accordingly1555

presently1580

by consequence1581

hereat1586

eventually1614

porismatically1646

consequentially1656

resultatively1657

pursuant1659

consecutivelya1691

in consequence1775

resultingly1840

propter hoc1844

resultantly1864

a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 45 Lo ther fore alle generations schulle seye y am blessed.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xiii. f. xviij Heare ye therfore the similitude off the sower.

c1533 T. Cranmer Let. 8 Oct. in Remains (1833) I. 58 I trust, therefore, you will not so hardly regard my first request herein.

1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxvi^v It is very mete..that wee shoulde..geue thankes to thee, O Lorde... Therefore with Angelles. &c.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Therfore,..cum accent. in penult., eo, ergo, idcirco, ideo, igitur,..propterea, propter hoc.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 202 Manate..is the thyrde [fish]..whereof I haue promysed to entreate. Manate therefore, is a fysshe of the sea, of the byggest sorte [etc.].

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xli. sig. D^v Gentle thou art, and therefore to be wonne, Beautious thou art, therefore to be assailed.

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets cxxiii. sig. H2^v Our dates are breefe, and therefor we admire, What thou dost foyst vpon vs that is ould.

1611 Bible (King James) John iv. 6 Now Iacobs Well was there. Iesus therefore [ Tindale then], being wearied with his iourney, sate thus on the Well.

1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements i. 17 Because the angle AEC + AED + CEB + DEB = to 4 right angles, therefore the angle AEC + AED = CEB + DEB = to two right angles. Therefore CED & AEB are strait lines.

1735 G. Berkeley Def. Free-thinking in Math. §2 Things obscure are not therefore sacred.

1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 76 The Franks were the stronger, and therefore the masters.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 80 The refugees were zealous for the Calvinistic discipline... James therefore gave orders [etc.].

B. n.

The word ‘therefore’ as marking a conclusion; an expressed conclusion or inference.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > conclusion

culorum1362

conclusionc1385

conjecturec1386

issuea1393

deduction1532

overplus1536

gatheringa1555

deducement1605

summation1608

therefore1641

offcome1655

deductivea1676

empiricism1724

wrap-up1960

inference1972

1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. xiii. 144 Let him first answer our Therefores, and wee will quickly answer his Wherefores.

1673 H. Hickman Hist. Quinq-articularis 478 The Article having made a (Therefore) its strange that any one should draw any other conclusion from it, then what it self hath drawn.

1874 ‘G. Eliot’ College Breakfast Party in Macmillan's Mag. July 166 A faith Defying sense and all its ruthless train Of arrogant ‘Therefores’.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	therefore
释义	thereforeadv.n. /ˈðɛːfə/ /ðɛəˈfɔː(r)/ Forms: α. Middle English ðer-, Middle English þerfore, (Middle English þaruore, Middle English þeruore, Middle English ðor-, þar-fore, Middle English þervore), Middle English–1500s therfore, (1500s Scottish thair-, yair-, theirfore). β. Middle English þerefore, (Middle English þereuore, Middle English þarefore), Middle English– therefore. γ. Middle English þerfor, (Middle English þeruor, Middle English þarfor, tarfor, Middle English þer-for, yarfor), Middle English–1600s therfor, (1500s Scottish thair-, yairfor, yairfoir, 1600s therfoer). δ. 1500s– therefor, (1800s there-for). Etymology: Early Middle English þerfore , þerefore (often written as two words), < þǣr-, þer-, there adv. + fore, Old English and early Middle English doublet of for : see fore adv. and prep. After final e became mute, fore preposition was gradually levelled with for, and ther(e)fore was often written therfor, therefor. In modern English (since c1800) therefore and therefor are almost always differentiated in spelling and stress in accordance with meaning: see below. A. adv. I. (Now stressed /ðɛəˈfɔː(r)/, and usually spelt therefor for distinction from 2.) formal or archaic. 1. For that (thing, act, etc.); for that, for it. a. In various senses of for prep. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [adverb] > with this or that intention or purpose thereforec1175 therefornea1300 whereto1535 hithera1538 thithera1616 hitherunto1635 hitherto1637 with this (or that) view1696 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 9 His festen..and chirc-ȝong and god to donne þeruore. c1220 Bestiary 377 God giueð ðer fore mede. c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 169 Born anon in to the heighe Tour, With certeine officers ordeynd therfore [v.rr. ther fore, there fore, þerfore]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 610 He gaf it him, als in heritage, To yeild þerfor [Fairf. þare-fore, Gött. þar for, Trin. Cambr. þerfore] na mar knaulage. c1440 Alphabet of Tales 97 Sho ansswerd agayn & sayd..sho wold not delyver it or he & his felow bothe samen come þerfor. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 1 To gyue therfore synguler louynges & thankes. 1561 T. Norton & T. Sackville Gorboduc v. i Speede must we vse to levie force therefore. a1642 R. Callis Reading of Statute of Sewers (1647) ii. 86 To erect new Walls, Banks and other Defences, and what sums of Money to Raise and Levy therefore. 1824 T. Medwin Conv. with Byron II. 186 I..have..continued here..in the hope of seeing things reconciled, and have done all in my power there-for. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics (1860) I. vi. iv. 184 If the emperor sins, he must give account to God therefor. 1861 Evening Star 4 Oct. 100lbs. of potatoes or a substitute therefore thrice a week. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 344 The love I had therefor. 1877 F. Hall Eng. Adj. in -able 39 Argument being at an end, recourse was then had to the common substitute therefor, ridicule. 1885 Act 48 & 49 Victoria c. 70 §7 He shall supply a copy of such report..on payment of the sum of one shilling therefor. b. By reason of that; for that reason, on that account: cf. for prep. 20, 21. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [adverb] thyeOE therebyc897 theOE thereforec1175 soa1200 hereforc1200 for that sakea1375 ipso facto1548 hence1571 argal1604 eo ipso1696 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 5 Þa ȝe [MS. þaȝ] habbe wele to ouer stohwennesse on þisse liue ne beo þu þereuore prud. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 143 Þaruore hire sinne hire bicome swiðe laðe. c1220 Bestiary 509 Vt of his ðrote it smit an onde,..ðer-fore oðre fisses to him draȝen. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 5348 Vre louerd mid is eyen of milce on þe lokeþ þeruore. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1215 Ysmael pleide hard gamen. Sarra was ðor-fore often wroð. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Lucrece. 1863 That Tarquyny shulde ybanysshed be ther-fore. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 287 Þerfor is he cald trinite For he es anfald godd in thre. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 2894 God forbede ȝe do þat sin þat ȝe in hell þarfor [Trin. Cambr. þerfore] brin. 1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance i. xi. f. lxx When he sayth hym selfe that they haue punyshed many therfore, that is to wyt for the same cause. 1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 181 If that any Iew did buy any Christian for his slave, hee should bee fined therefore. 1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel iv. vi. 98 They crossed the Liddle..And burned my little lonely tower; The fiend receive their souls therefor! 1848 J. R. Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 151 Tell Briggs that his ticket came safely, and that I am thankful therefor. 1868 N. Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1879) II. 173 They would all be..healthier men therefor. 1899 F. T. Bullen Log of Sea-waif 149 The ill-used crew promptly refused to do any more in her, and were, of course, clapped in jail therefor. II. (Now always spelt therefore, and stressed /ˈðɛəfə(r)//ˈðɛəfɔː(r)/.) 2. In consequence of that; that being so; as a result or inference from what has been stated; consequently. Formerly sometimes unemphatic (esp. in versions of the New Testament) = then adv. 5.In early use often indistinguishable from A. 1b, where see earlier examples; now distinguished as expressing a general relation of consequence or inference. Sometimes classed as a conjunction. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [adverb] soothlyc825 welleOE then971 alsoOE thusc1175 followinglya1382 suinglya1382 hereuponc1385 effectuallya1398 thereforea1400 therewithc1450 pursuantly1530 consequently?1531 thereupon1534 hence?1535 accordingly1555 presently1580 by consequence1581 hereat1586 eventually1614 porismatically1646 consequentially1656 resultatively1657 pursuant1659 consecutivelya1691 in consequence1775 resultingly1840 propter hoc1844 resultantly1864 a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 45 Lo ther fore alle generations schulle seye y am blessed. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xiii. f. xviij Heare ye therfore the similitude off the sower. c1533 T. Cranmer Let. 8 Oct. in Remains (1833) I. 58 I trust, therefore, you will not so hardly regard my first request herein. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxvi^v It is very mete..that wee shoulde..geue thankes to thee, O Lorde... Therefore with Angelles. &c. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Therfore,..cum accent. in penult., eo, ergo, idcirco, ideo, igitur,..propterea, propter hoc. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 202 Manate..is the thyrde [fish]..whereof I haue promysed to entreate. Manate therefore, is a fysshe of the sea, of the byggest sorte [etc.]. 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xli. sig. D^v Gentle thou art, and therefore to be wonne, Beautious thou art, therefore to be assailed. View more context for this quotation 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets cxxiii. sig. H2^v Our dates are breefe, and therefor we admire, What thou dost foyst vpon vs that is ould. View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) John iv. 6 Now Iacobs Well was there. Iesus therefore [ Tindale then], being wearied with his iourney, sate thus on the Well. View more context for this quotation 1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements i. 17 Because the angle AEC + AED + CEB + DEB = to 4 right angles, therefore the angle AEC + AED = CEB + DEB = to two right angles. Therefore CED & AEB are strait lines. 1735 G. Berkeley Def. Free-thinking in Math. §2 Things obscure are not therefore sacred. 1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 76 The Franks were the stronger, and therefore the masters. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 80 The refugees were zealous for the Calvinistic discipline... James therefore gave orders [etc.]. B. n. The word ‘therefore’ as marking a conclusion; an expressed conclusion or inference. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > conclusion culorum1362 conclusionc1385 conjecturec1386 issuea1393 deduction1532 overplus1536 gatheringa1555 deducement1605 summation1608 therefore1641 offcome1655 deductivea1676 empiricism1724 wrap-up1960 inference1972 1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. xiii. 144 Let him first answer our Therefores, and wee will quickly answer his Wherefores. 1673 H. Hickman Hist. Quinq-articularis 478 The Article having made a (Therefore) its strange that any one should draw any other conclusion from it, then what it self hath drawn. 1874 ‘G. Eliot’ College Breakfast Party in Macmillan's Mag. July 166 A faith Defying sense and all its ruthless train Of arrogant ‘Therefores’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adv.n.c1175
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