单词 | thesis |
释义 | thesisn. I. In Prosody, etc.: opposed to arsis n. 1. Originally and properly, according to ancient writers, The setting down of the foot or lowering of the hand in beating time, and hence (as marked by this) the stress or ictus; the stressed syllable of a foot in a verse; a stressed note in music. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun] > beat > accented beat downbeat1766 arsis?1775 thesis1864 back beat1928 society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [noun] > beat > rhythmical or metrical stress accent1550 stroke1576 impression1643 percussion1674 pulse1677 ictus1752 arsis?1775 elevation1776 thesis1864 upbeat1883 1880 P. Pierson Métrique Naturelle du Lang. 32. 1855 Weil & Benloew Théorie générale de l'accentuation latine 98. 1861 R. Westphal Fragm. der griech. Rhythmiker 98. ] 1864 J. Hadley Ess. (1873) 81 The name feet for rhythmic elements, arsis (raising of the foot), thesis (setting down of the foot), have primary reference to orchestic. 1891 Cent. Dict. Thesis... In musical rhythmics, a heavy accent, such as in beating time is marked by a down-beat. 2. By later Latin writers (e.g. Martianus Victorinus a400, Priscian c500) used for the lowering of the voice on an unstressed syllable, thus practically reversing the original meaning; hence in prevalent acceptation (from the time of Bentley, 1726): The unaccented or weak part of a foot in verse (classical or modern), or an unaccented note in music; spec. in Old English prosody and in the prosody of other Germanic languages. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun] > beat > unaccented beat thesisa1398 anacrusis1763 arsis1775 upbeat1869 afterbeat1901 offbeat1901 society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [noun] > beat > thesis thesisa1398 slacka1889 dip1894 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxxxi. 1387 Arsis is rerynge of þe voice, and is þe bigynnynge of songe. Thesis is settynge, and is þe ende. 1726 Bentley Terence p. i. ] 1830 J. Seager tr. J. G. J. Hermann Elem. Doctr. Metres i. ii. 4 After the example of Bentley, we call that time in which the ictus is, the arsis, and those times, which are without the ictus, the thesis... Other writers on metres, together with ancient musicians,..call that thesis which we call arsis, and that arsis, which we call thesis. 1844 C. Beck & C. C. Felton tr. E. Munk Metres Greeks & Romans 8 A thesis with which a rhythm begins is called anacrusis, or ‘an upward beat.’ 1846 T. Keightley Notes Bucolics & Georgics of Virgil 8 (Fōrtūnātĕ sĕnēx, ērgō tŭă rūră mănēbūnt!) He [Wagner] adds, that the emphasis should therefore be on tua, and not on manebunt. But this was not possible to a Roman, for tua here (like mea ix. 4) is in the thesis of a dactyl. 1870 F. A. March Introd. Anglo-Saxon 147 The regular Germanic epic line has four..arses in each section, each of which may have a thesis or not. 1876 B. H. Kennedy Public School Lat. Gram. (ed. 4) §258 Each simple Foot has two parts, one of which is said to have the ictus upon it, and is called arsis..; the other part is called thesis. 1879 F. A. G. Ouseley in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 95/2 The terms arsis and thesis may be regarded as virtually obsolete, and are practically useless in these days. 1888 A. H. Tolman in Trans. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. III. 20 Only one accented syllable, out of the first sixteen in this poem [sc. Beowulf], has a syllable expressed as its thesis or senkung. 1910 J. Schipper Hist. Eng. Versification 28 Syllables with this secondary accent are necessary in certain cases as links between the arsis and the thesis. 1938 A. Campbell Battle of Brunanburh 18 A dissyllabic second thesis seems not to be found in lines of type A. 1942 J. C. Pope Rhythm of Beowulf 49 We fill the down-beat or thesis of this measure with a rest. II. In Logic, Rhetoric, etc. 3. a. A proposition laid down or stated, esp. as a theme to be discussed and proved, or to be maintained against attack (in Logic sometimes as distinct from hypothesis n. 2, in Rhetoric from antithesis n. 3a); a statement, assertion, tenet. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > materials of topic > [noun] > of debate or discussion proposec1350 purposec1350 propositiona1382 problema1387 conclusionc1400 state of the causea1525 question1549 argumenta1568 thesis1579 disquisition1605 problem1645 consultation1663 consult1683 propos1816 issue1836 chat1861 debating point1927 battleground1931 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > affirmation or predication > assertion or thesis thesis1579 the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > argument, source of conviction > [noun] > logical sequence > basis of principlea1398 thesis1579 1579 L. Digges & T. Digges Stratioticos sig. aiv The vulgare Thesis of the Earthes Stabilitie. 1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions Pref. sig. A vv By way of a Quodlibet or Thesis proposed. 1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. B3v He was sent to dispute against the Theses that were then given in. 1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica ii. xxiii. 112 A Thesis, whose Truth is not known by the meer Signification of the Words only; but by the Judgment of the Senses, or some other way of Declaration. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The maintaining a Thesis, is a great Part of the Exercise a Student is to undergo for a Degree. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Every Proposition is divided into a Thesis and Hypothesis: Thesis contains the Thing affirmed or denied; and the Hypothesis the Conditions of the Affirmation or Negation. Thus, in Euclid, If a Triangle, and Parallelogram have equal Bases and Altitudes, (is the Hypothesis) the First is half of the Second; the Thesis. 1833 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk 3 July The style of Junius is a sort of metre, the law of which is a balance of thesis and antithesis. 1860 W. F. Collier Great Events Hist. vi. 182 [Luther] Shaping his belief on the subject of the indulgences into ninety-five theses or propositions. 1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. ix. xxxiii. 96 In the Epistle to the Romans he established..the thesis that Jews and Gentiles were equally guilty. Categories » b. spec. distinguished from hypothesis n. 1 (see quots. 16201 –a1653 at hypothesis n. 1a). c. A theme for a school exercise, composition, or essay. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > exercises or homework lesson?c1225 renderc1380 vulgars1520 practicec1541 theme1545 example1562 tax1564 repetition1579 exercise1612 praxis1612 recreation1633 pensum1667 vacation-exercisea1668 version1711 task1737 thesisa1774 dictation1789 challenging1825 holiday task1827 devoir1849 homework1852 vulgus1857 cram-book1858 rep1858 banco1862 prep1866 classwork1867 preparation1875 work card1878 vacation-task1904 a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature (1834) II. 624 Whether among the theses given to declaim upon, it might not be profitable sometimes to choose those wherein the boys will be heartily interested. 1786 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 42 On such a thesis, I never think the theme long. 4. A dissertation to maintain and prove a thesis (in sense 3); esp. one written or delivered by a candidate for a University degree. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > treatise or dissertation > [noun] > thesis commonplace1595 thesea1600 law-act1645 thesis1653 thema1888 1653 Munim. Univ. Glasgow (1854) II. 323 Theologicall theses. 1659 J. Owen Of Divine Originall, Authority, & Power Script. 205 The Thesis prefering this or that translation above the originall. 1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 36 He makes Theses upon the Subject he intends to answer, which Theses are printed. 1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. xiii. 177 'Tis the Business of the Respondent to write a Thesis..or short Discourse on the Question propos'd. 1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott vi Scott's thesis was, in fact, on the Title of the Pandects, ‘Concerning the disposal of the dead bodies of criminals’. 1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad I. v. 266 There was an instruction that each should write his name on his thesis. Compounds C1. General attributive (see monger n.1 2). thesis-monger n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > treatise or dissertation > [noun] > thesis > one who writes thesis-monger1932 1932 Ess. & Stud. 17 75 The aimless burrowings of a thesis-monger. 1959 Listener 13 Aug. 255/1 Subjects like the Henrician Reformation..have been far too much in the hands of thesis-mongers. C2. thesis-novel n. = roman à thèse n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > novel > [noun] > novel of purpose tendenzroman1855 purpose novel1893 tendenz novela1896 roman à thèse1907 thesis-novel1934 1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Thesis novel. 1954 K. Tillotson Novels of Eighteen-forties i. 117 Novelists who..avoided the thesis-novel. 1979 S. Weintraub London Yankees vii. 233 Elizabeth Robins..continued writing thesis-novels on euthanasia, prostitution, women's rights. thesis-play n. a play composed with the purpose of maintaining a thesis, a tendency-play; so thesis-playwright. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > a play > [noun] > other types of play king play1469 king game1504 historya1509 chronicle history1600 monology1608 horseplaya1627 piscatory1631 stock play1708 petite pièce1712 mimic1724 ballad opera1730 ballad farce1735 benefit-play1740 potboiler1783 monodrama1793 extravaganza1797 theo-drama1801 monodrame1803 proverb1803 stock piece1804 bespeak1807 ticket-night1812 dramaticle1813 monopolylogue1819 pièce d'occasion1830 interlude1831 mimea1834 costume piece1834 mummers' play1849 history play1850 gag-piece1860 music drama1874 well-made1881 playlet1884 two-decker1884 slum1885 kinderspiel1886 thrill1886 knockabout1887 two-hander1888 front-piece1889 thriller1889 shadow-play1890 mime play1894 problem play1894 one-acter1895 sex play1899 chronicle drama1902 thesis-play1902 star vehicle1904 folk-play1905 radio play1908 tab1915 spy play1919 one-act1920 pièce à thèse1923 dance-drama1924 a mess of plottage1926 turkey1927 weepie1928 musical1930 cliffhanger1931 mime drama1931 triangle drama1931 weeper1934 spine-chiller1940 starrer1941 scorcher1942 teleplay1947 straw-hatter1949 pièce noire1951 pièce rose1951 tab show1951 conversation piece1952 psychodrama1956 whydunit1968 mystery play1975 State of the Nation1980 society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > playwriting > [noun] > playwright > of specific types of play comicar1523 comedy writer1549 comic1549 comediant1568 comediographer1576 comedian1580 comic poet1589 mimograph1623 mimographer1638 mimic1654 mono-dramatist1803 melodramatist1812 farcer1813 comedist1819 farceur1889 thesis-playwright1902 thick ear1909 music-dramatist1947 compressionist1961 psychodramatist1973 1902 Edinb. Rev. July 199 The conscious, deliberate thesis-playwright was Dumas fils. 1904 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 299 The use of ‘thesis play’ as a term of reproach is not without a certain justification. 1905 Daily Chron. 14 June 5/2 ‘L'Adversaire’ is one of those brilliantly specious thesis-plays with which M. Capus has been wont to astonish both the philosophic and dramatic worlds. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1398 |
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