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单词 thesis
释义

thesisn.

Brit. /ˈθiːsɪs/, /ˈθɛsɪs/, U.S. /ˈθisᵻs/
Forms: Plural theses /ˈθiːsiːz/.
Etymology: < Greek θέσις putting, placing; a proposition, affirmation, etc., < root θε- of τιθέναι to put, place.
I. In Prosody, etc.: opposed to arsis n.
1. Originally and properly, according to ancient writers, The setting down of the foot or lowering of the hand in beating time, and hence (as marked by this) the stress or ictus; the stressed syllable of a foot in a verse; a stressed note in music.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun] > beat > accented beat
downbeat1766
arsis?1775
thesis1864
back beat1928
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [noun] > beat > rhythmical or metrical stress
accent1550
stroke1576
impression1643
percussion1674
pulse1677
ictus1752
arsis?1775
elevation1776
thesis1864
upbeat1883
1880 P. Pierson Métrique Naturelle du Lang. 32.
1855 Weil & Benloew Théorie générale de l'accentuation latine 98.
1861 R. Westphal Fragm. der griech. Rhythmiker 98. ]
1864 J. Hadley Ess. (1873) 81 The name feet for rhythmic elements, arsis (raising of the foot), thesis (setting down of the foot), have primary reference to orchestic.
1891 Cent. Dict. Thesis... In musical rhythmics, a heavy accent, such as in beating time is marked by a down-beat.
2. By later Latin writers (e.g. Martianus Victorinus a400, Priscian c500) used for the lowering of the voice on an unstressed syllable, thus practically reversing the original meaning; hence in prevalent acceptation (from the time of Bentley, 1726): The unaccented or weak part of a foot in verse (classical or modern), or an unaccented note in music; spec. in Old English prosody and in the prosody of other Germanic languages.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun] > beat > unaccented beat
thesisa1398
anacrusis1763
arsis1775
upbeat1869
afterbeat1901
offbeat1901
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhythm > [noun] > beat > thesis
thesisa1398
slacka1889
dip1894
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxxxi. 1387 Arsis is rerynge of þe voice, and is þe bigynnynge of songe. Thesis is settynge, and is þe ende.
1726 Bentley Terence p. i. ]
1830 J. Seager tr. J. G. J. Hermann Elem. Doctr. Metres i. ii. 4 After the example of Bentley, we call that time in which the ictus is, the arsis, and those times, which are without the ictus, the thesis... Other writers on metres, together with ancient musicians,..call that thesis which we call arsis, and that arsis, which we call thesis.
1844 C. Beck & C. C. Felton tr. E. Munk Metres Greeks & Romans 8 A thesis with which a rhythm begins is called anacrusis, or ‘an upward beat.’
1846 T. Keightley Notes Bucolics & Georgics of Virgil 8 (Fōrtūnātĕ sĕnēx, ērgō tŭă rūră mănēbūnt!) He [Wagner] adds, that the emphasis should therefore be on tua, and not on manebunt. But this was not possible to a Roman, for tua here (like mea ix. 4) is in the thesis of a dactyl.
1870 F. A. March Introd. Anglo-Saxon 147 The regular Germanic epic line has four..arses in each section, each of which may have a thesis or not.
1876 B. H. Kennedy Public School Lat. Gram. (ed. 4) §258 Each simple Foot has two parts, one of which is said to have the ictus upon it, and is called arsis..; the other part is called thesis.
1879 F. A. G. Ouseley in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 95/2 The terms arsis and thesis may be regarded as virtually obsolete, and are practically useless in these days.
1888 A. H. Tolman in Trans. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. III. 20 Only one accented syllable, out of the first sixteen in this poem [sc. Beowulf], has a syllable expressed as its thesis or senkung.
1910 J. Schipper Hist. Eng. Versification 28 Syllables with this secondary accent are necessary in certain cases as links between the arsis and the thesis.
1938 A. Campbell Battle of Brunanburh 18 A dissyllabic second thesis seems not to be found in lines of type A.
1942 J. C. Pope Rhythm of Beowulf 49 We fill the down-beat or thesis of this measure with a rest.
II. In Logic, Rhetoric, etc.
3.
a. A proposition laid down or stated, esp. as a theme to be discussed and proved, or to be maintained against attack (in Logic sometimes as distinct from hypothesis n. 2, in Rhetoric from antithesis n. 3a); a statement, assertion, tenet.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > materials of topic > [noun] > of debate or discussion
proposec1350
purposec1350
propositiona1382
problema1387
conclusionc1400
state of the causea1525
question1549
argumenta1568
thesis1579
disquisition1605
problem1645
consultation1663
consult1683
propos1816
issue1836
chat1861
debating point1927
battleground1931
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > affirmation or predication > assertion or thesis
thesis1579
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > argument, source of conviction > [noun] > logical sequence > basis of
principlea1398
thesis1579
1579 L. Digges & T. Digges Stratioticos sig. aiv The vulgare Thesis of the Earthes Stabilitie.
1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions Pref. sig. A vv By way of a Quodlibet or Thesis proposed.
1651 J. Saint-Amard tr. F. Micanzio Life Father Paul sig. B3v He was sent to dispute against the Theses that were then given in.
1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck Monitio Logica ii. xxiii. 112 A Thesis, whose Truth is not known by the meer Signification of the Words only; but by the Judgment of the Senses, or some other way of Declaration.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The maintaining a Thesis, is a great Part of the Exercise a Student is to undergo for a Degree.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Every Proposition is divided into a Thesis and Hypothesis: Thesis contains the Thing affirmed or denied; and the Hypothesis the Conditions of the Affirmation or Negation. Thus, in Euclid, If a Triangle, and Parallelogram have equal Bases and Altitudes, (is the Hypothesis) the First is half of the Second; the Thesis.
1833 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk 3 July The style of Junius is a sort of metre, the law of which is a balance of thesis and antithesis.
1860 W. F. Collier Great Events Hist. vi. 182 [Luther] Shaping his belief on the subject of the indulgences into ninety-five theses or propositions.
1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. ix. xxxiii. 96 In the Epistle to the Romans he established..the thesis that Jews and Gentiles were equally guilty.
Categories »
b. spec. distinguished from hypothesis n. 1 (see quots. 16201 a1653 at hypothesis n. 1a).
c. A theme for a school exercise, composition, or essay.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > exercises or homework
lesson?c1225
renderc1380
vulgars1520
practicec1541
theme1545
example1562
tax1564
repetition1579
exercise1612
praxis1612
recreation1633
pensum1667
vacation-exercisea1668
version1711
task1737
thesisa1774
dictation1789
challenging1825
holiday task1827
devoir1849
homework1852
vulgus1857
cram-book1858
rep1858
banco1862
prep1866
classwork1867
preparation1875
work card1878
vacation-task1904
a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature (1834) II. 624 Whether among the theses given to declaim upon, it might not be profitable sometimes to choose those wherein the boys will be heartily interested.
1786 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 42 On such a thesis, I never think the theme long.
4. A dissertation to maintain and prove a thesis (in sense 3); esp. one written or delivered by a candidate for a University degree.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > treatise or dissertation > [noun] > thesis
commonplace1595
thesea1600
law-act1645
thesis1653
thema1888
1653 Munim. Univ. Glasgow (1854) II. 323 Theologicall theses.
1659 J. Owen Of Divine Originall, Authority, & Power Script. 205 The Thesis prefering this or that translation above the originall.
1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 36 He makes Theses upon the Subject he intends to answer, which Theses are printed.
1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. xiii. 177 'Tis the Business of the Respondent to write a Thesis..or short Discourse on the Question propos'd.
1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott vi Scott's thesis was, in fact, on the Title of the Pandects, ‘Concerning the disposal of the dead bodies of criminals’.
1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad I. v. 266 There was an instruction that each should write his name on his thesis.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (see monger n.1 2).
thesis-monger n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > treatise or dissertation > [noun] > thesis > one who writes
thesis-monger1932
1932 Ess. & Stud. 17 75 The aimless burrowings of a thesis-monger.
1959 Listener 13 Aug. 255/1 Subjects like the Henrician Reformation..have been far too much in the hands of thesis-mongers.
C2.
thesis-novel n. = roman à thèse n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > novel > [noun] > novel of purpose
tendenzroman1855
purpose novel1893
tendenz novela1896
roman à thèse1907
thesis-novel1934
1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Thesis novel.
1954 K. Tillotson Novels of Eighteen-forties i. 117 Novelists who..avoided the thesis-novel.
1979 S. Weintraub London Yankees vii. 233 Elizabeth Robins..continued writing thesis-novels on euthanasia, prostitution, women's rights.
thesis-play n. a play composed with the purpose of maintaining a thesis, a tendency-play; so thesis-playwright.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > a play > [noun] > other types of play
king play1469
king game1504
historya1509
chronicle history1600
monology1608
horseplaya1627
piscatory1631
stock play1708
petite pièce1712
mimic1724
ballad opera1730
ballad farce1735
benefit-play1740
potboiler1783
monodrama1793
extravaganza1797
theo-drama1801
monodrame1803
proverb1803
stock piece1804
bespeak1807
ticket-night1812
dramaticle1813
monopolylogue1819
pièce d'occasion1830
interlude1831
mimea1834
costume piece1834
mummers' play1849
history play1850
gag-piece1860
music drama1874
well-made1881
playlet1884
two-decker1884
slum1885
kinderspiel1886
thrill1886
knockabout1887
two-hander1888
front-piece1889
thriller1889
shadow-play1890
mime play1894
problem play1894
one-acter1895
sex play1899
chronicle drama1902
thesis-play1902
star vehicle1904
folk-play1905
radio play1908
tab1915
spy play1919
one-act1920
pièce à thèse1923
dance-drama1924
a mess of plottage1926
turkey1927
weepie1928
musical1930
cliffhanger1931
mime drama1931
triangle drama1931
weeper1934
spine-chiller1940
starrer1941
scorcher1942
teleplay1947
straw-hatter1949
pièce noire1951
pièce rose1951
tab show1951
conversation piece1952
psychodrama1956
whydunit1968
mystery play1975
State of the Nation1980
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > playwriting > [noun] > playwright > of specific types of play
comicar1523
comedy writer1549
comic1549
comediant1568
comediographer1576
comedian1580
comic poet1589
mimograph1623
mimographer1638
mimic1654
mono-dramatist1803
melodramatist1812
farcer1813
comedist1819
farceur1889
thesis-playwright1902
thick ear1909
music-dramatist1947
compressionist1961
psychodramatist1973
1902 Edinb. Rev. July 199 The conscious, deliberate thesis-playwright was Dumas fils.
1904 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 299 The use of ‘thesis play’ as a term of reproach is not without a certain justification.
1905 Daily Chron. 14 June 5/2 ‘L'Adversaire’ is one of those brilliantly specious thesis-plays with which M. Capus has been wont to astonish both the philosophic and dramatic worlds.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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