thosepron.adj.

Brit.

/ðəʊz/, U.S.

/ðoʊz/

Forms: α. Old English–Middle English ðás, Old English–Middle English þás, Middle English þaas, þais, Middle English þase, (Middle English þaes); Middle English thas, thase, Middle English–1500s thais. β. Middle English þos (Middle English þosse), Middle English þose, thoos, (Middle English, 1600s thoes, Scotticized thoise, thoys), 1500s thoose; Middle English– those.

Etymology: Old English þás , þās , Middle English þōs , plural of this pron. and adj., which during the Middle English period became synonymous with þā , tho pron.¹ and adj., plural of that, which it at length superseded, and thus came to be used in its current sense. The identification of þās (þaas, þase, þais(e) with þā began in the north, where it is evidenced c1300–1340; the use of þōs (thoos, those) for þō, in midld. and south, came later. Chaucer has only tho; and most of the examples of thos(e before 1475 occur either in midld. versions of northern poems, such as the Anturs of Arthur and Sir Perceval, where the scribe transliterated thas(e into thos(e, or in the works of northern men, as Wyclif, whose native dialect had thas(e. In English literature those, thoos, thoes, became common first in works printed by Caxton, and thenceforth those and tho continued to be used in the same sense, tho gradually becoming rarer, till c1550. The early southern Middle English þōs = these pron. and adj., appears to have been retained longest in Kentish: see quots. 1340¹ at sense 1, 1340² at sense 1 in. I. It was of course obsolete in Midland English before thos , thoos , those in the modern sense was accepted. It is doubtful whether thase ever found a footing in Scotland, where þā continued in use, and still exists as thae pron. and adj. plural of that.

I. Demonstrative pronoun.

†1. Plural of this pron. and adj. I. = these pron. and adj. I. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c825 Vesp. Psalter xliii. 18 [xliv. 17] Ðas all cwomun ofer usic.

a900 K. Ælfred Laws Introd. c. 49 §9 Ic ða Ælfred cyning þas togædere gegaderode.

a900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. iii. xix. [xxvii.] 242 Betweoh þas wæron twegen geonge æðelingas.

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) iv. 9 Ealle þas ic sylle þe.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 217 Ac ich ne mai ne ich ne can þosse [i.e. words] on openi.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 10 Vor alle þos byeþ ualse wytnesses.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 39 Þise makeþ þe ualse mariages. Þise benimeþ þe heritages. Þos doþ zuo moche kuead..and al þis hi doþ be hare greate couaytise.

a. Plural of that pron.¹, adj., adv., and n.: indicating things or persons pointed to or already mentioned: see that pron.² 1.

ΚΠ

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 6556 I fynde wryten paynes fourtene,..And whilk þas er I sal yhow telle.

a1400 K. Alis. (Bodl.) 4913 A folk woneþ biside þoos, Þat beeþ ycleped Farangos.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 17 He made diuers bookis of phisik..and of thoos xij. the most be studyed by ordre.

1611 Bible (King James) Ecclus. vii. 28 A woman among all those haue I not found.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. i. 224 A Sea of melting pearle, which some call teares; Those at her fathers churlish feete she tenderd.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iii. vii. 69 The Armour that I saw in your Tent to night, are those Starres or Sunnes vpon it?

1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler ii. 65 Milk. What Song was it, I pray? was it, Come Shepherds deck your heads: or, As at noon Dulcina rested: or Philida flouts me? Pisc. No, it is none of those .

a1822 P. B. Shelley Boat on Serchio in Posthumous Poems (1824) 172 Melchior and Lionel were not among those.

1912 N.E.D. at Those Mod. Who are those passing? Those are our neighbours Smith and Jones. I looked at all the books on the top shelf, but it was not one of those.

b. Preceded by and, introducing an additional qualification of the things or persons mentioned in the previous clause: plural of that pron.¹ 2a.

ΚΠ

1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 40^v Other & those very good archers in drawyng, loke at the marke.

1590 tr. P. Ubaldini Disc. Spanishe inuading Eng. 1588 5 Through penurie of many and those necessarie things.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xvii. xxii. 529 If the vineyard lie pendant upon the hanging of the hill, it requireth deeper ditches, and those raised up well with earth.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 128 Lord of few Acres, and those barren too.

1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. ii. 53 Other figures..and those perfect ones.

1912 N.E.D. at Those Mod. I have only three, and those not of the best.

3. In opposition to these; sometimes spec. = ‘the former’: plural of that pron.¹ 3b For quots. see these pron. and adj. 2, 4. Also in contrast to (the) others.

ΚΠ

1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler iv. 116 Palmer flies, not only those rib'd with silver and gold, but others that have their bodies all made of black.

1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. i. 6 Those affirming they had bargain'd onely for the fish, the others that they bought the draught at a venture.

4. As antecedent pronoun, followed by a defining word or phrase, viz. a relative clause (with relative expressed or understood), a participle (or other verbal adjective), or a preposition (esp. of) with a noun which serves to qualify or particularize those: plural of that pron.¹ 6, 5 (= German diejenigen or die, French ceux, celles.)

a. In general sense: chiefly, now only, of persons: those who = the people who; those of = the people of, etc. Plural of that pron.¹ 1c, 5c.

ΚΠ

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 7510 Alle þase þat wille þair syn forsake.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xv. 67 Þase þat trowes perfitely in Godd sall be sauf.

c1440 Alphabet of Tales 296 Þase at sulde bere hym myght gett hym no ferrer.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 58 Thoos that be nedy.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 65 Thoes that blame.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. viii. B I am louynge vnto those that loue me.

1548 W. Forrest Pleasaunt Poesye 32 in T. Starkey Eng. in Reign King Henry VIII (1878) i. p. lxxxv Of thoise that they had too them made subiugate.

?a1560 T. Waterton in T. Wright Songs & Ballads Reign Philip & Mary (1860) 11 All thoys that have years this undarstande.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. i. 48 Who are those at the gate?

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) v. v. 52 Those as sleepe, and thinke not on their sins.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. iii. 101 Those of his Chamber, as it seem'd, had don't.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 401 Those are pearles that were his eies.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. i. 166 Pray thinke vs, Those we professe, Peace-makers, Friends, and Seruants.

1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (1783) II. 216 Those who appeared more gentle and tractable.

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 50 Those from whom they are descended.

1856 ‘G. Eliot’ in Westm. Rev. July 52 Those among our painters who aim at giving the rustic type of features.

1896 Law Times 100 410/1 Any person other than himself and those claiming under him.

1912 N.E.D. at Those Mod. Of those expected only a few turned up.

b. Referring to things or persons mentioned immediately before, and equivalent to the with the plural noun; e.g. in quot. 1594, those = ‘the storms’. Plural of that pron.¹ 5a.

ΚΠ

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 16 Diuerse opinions And in especial thoos of plato.

1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. L2^v These watergalls..Foretell new stormes to those alreadie spent.

1611 Bible (King James) Josh. iii. 16 The waters which came downe from aboue, stood and rose vp vpon an heape..and those that came downe toward the sea of the plaine..failed, and were cut off.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 51 The oysters..are by no means so large as those found sticking to rocks.

1779 Mirror No. 6. ⁋10 The classical writers..were those from whose works he felt the highest pleasure.

1797 Encycl. Brit. IV. 778/2 The larvæ, which resemble those of the wasp.

1820 J. Keats Ode on Grecian Urn in Lamia & Other Poems 114 Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard Are sweeter.

1874 G. W. Dasent Half a Life II. 76 His laws being like those of the Medes and Persians.

II. Demonstrative determiner.

†5. Plural of this pron. and adj. II. = these pron. and adj. II. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a900 K. Ælfred Laws Introd. Dryhten wæs sprecende ðas word to Moyse.

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 32 Ealle þas þing þeoda seceað.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 11 (De Quadragesima) Þas daȝes beoð iset us to muchele helpe..al swa moyses..feste þes daȝes.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 185 Ðos feawe word..seide ure drihten.

a1250 Owl & Night. 139 (Cott.) Þos [Jes. þeos] word aȝaf þe niȝtingale.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 338 Brutus hine bi-þohte..& þas [c1300 Otho þeos] word seide.

a. Plural of that adj. 1.

ΚΠ

α.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8187 He tok þaas [Gött. þa] wandes in his hand.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4948 Þan spak ruben, þe eildest broiþer, Stilli menand til þas [Fairf. þase] oþer.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19859 Quen petre þais [Gött., Fairf. þa; Trin. Cambr. þo] vnbestes sagh.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 2590 As it was hite bifor þas [Vesp. þaa, Fairf. þa] dais.

c1440 Alphabet of Tales 82 With all þase candels he cursid þis fend & entirditid hym.

β. c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 112 Bifore þat tyme weren þos wordis spoken of Crist.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 7254 Bi a piler was he sette to glew þos [Vesp. þaa] gomis at mete.a1400 Sir Perc. 229 Fyftene wynter and mare He duellede in those holtes hare.1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 2 Ony of thoos bookes.1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 14 Whiche was a Cyte in thoos dayes.1491 in Lett. Rich. III & Hen. VII (Rolls) I. 99 Bring the said Sir Robert and thoes other oure rebelles and traitours.1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke i. f. lxxiij Mary arose in thoose [ Coverd. & Gt. Bible those] dayes.a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iv. 61 Binde vp those tresses. 1639 in Hamilton Papers (1880) 90 So many men..with thoes I haue heir, as will make up that number.1742 R. Challoner Mem. Missionary Priests II. 4 John Sugar was born at Womborn..of a noted Family in those Parts.1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 75 A living stirring picture of the Church and State of those days.

b. Indicating things or persons as known to be such as described: plural of that adj. 1b.

ΚΠ

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 141 Thy lippes, those kissing cherries.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. ii. 61 As for those Romantick Monogrammous Gods of Epicurus.

1737 R. Challoner Catholick Christian Instructed xviii. 178 Those two great Lights of the Church, St. Gregory Nazianzen and St. Basil.

1822 P. B. Shelley Question 10 Daisies, those pearled Arcturi of the earth.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xx. 494 Those worst enemies of the nation.

c. Used instead of that with a singular noun of multitude (now only with collectives in plural sense, as clergy, foot (foot-soldiers), horse, vermin); and esp. with kind, sort, followed by of with plural noun (see kind n. 8b). Cf. these pron. and adj. 3d.those kind (or sort) of men, is put for ‘men of that kind (or sort)’, Latin ejus generis homines, and is grammatically anomalous: cf. tha-kin adj.

ΚΠ

1562 P. Whitehorne Certain Waies Orderyng Souldiers f. 9^v, in tr. N. Machiavelli Arte of Warre Behinde the saied teethe to place those number of men which fyrste were taken oute.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. ii. 9 You, and those poore number saued with you.

1692 O. Walker Greek & Rom. Hist. 266 He..chased away those Vermin of Courtiers.

1874 W. E. Gladstone in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 673 Some of those clergy who are called Broadchurchmen.

1565 J. Sparke in Hawkins Voy. ii. (1878) 51 Those sorte of men are eaters of the flesh of men, as well as the Canibals.?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 71 From whence those kinde of Playes had their beginning.1608 J. Dod & R. Cleaver Plaine Expos. Prov. xi–xii. 150 In those kind of trees, the root cannot defend the branches, nor bodie.1761 H. Walpole Let. to H. Zouch 3 Jan. The little regard shown..to those sort of things.1798 J. Austen Let. 25 Dec. (1995) 30 Those kind of foolish & incomprehensible feelings.1887 H. R. Haggard Jess xiv. 126 Those sort of reflections.

7. In opposition to these: plural of that adj. 3; cf. 3 above. For quots. see these pron. and adj. 4.

8. Modifying a noun which is the antecedent to a relative (expressed or omitted), or which is further defined by a participle: plural of that adj. 2.

ΚΠ

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 13 Þas .x. bebode þe godalmihti seolf idihte.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Eph. v. 12 Those thynges which are done of them in secrete.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Jude 10 Those thinges which they knowe not. In tho thynges which they knowe naturally they corrupte them selves [so Coverd. & Gt. Bible].

1539 Bible (Great) Rev. i. 3 And kepe those [ Tindale & Coverd. thoo] thynges which are written therin.

1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 100 Gif ze be nocht admittit be thais Kirkis, quhome ze serue.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. viii. 91 The Names of those their Nobles that lye dead.

1645 J. Milton Epit. Marchioness of Winchester in Poems 25 Those Pearls of dew she wears.

1779 Mirror No. 30. ⁋2 Those national boasts which are always allowable.

1780 Mirror No. 79. ⁋5 Those useful chronicles of facts, called newspapers.

1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede III. vi. xlix. 209 Brethren and sisters..who have none of those comforts you have.

9. = such adj. and pron.: plural of that adj. 4. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [adjective] > such

suchkinc1275

semblablec1386

slikec1386

slikinsa1400

swilkina1400

sicc1400

swilk-likec1400

suchlike1422

sic-like1442

such a like1474

siccan1513

those1608

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 89 I returne those duties backe as are right fit.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 339 Those Arts they haue, as I Could put into them.

1632 P. Massinger & N. Field Fatall Dowry iii. sig. G2^v Obnoxious, to those foolish things As they can gibe at.

1689 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 567 The town..was reduced to those straights, that if not releived..it must have surrendred in two daies time.

1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. vi. 117 He spoke of you in those terms that make me congratulate myself that I have met the son.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	those
释义	thosepron.adj. Brit. /ðəʊz/, U.S. /ðoʊz/ Forms: α. Old English–Middle English ðás, Old English–Middle English þás, Middle English þaas, þais, Middle English þase, (Middle English þaes); Middle English thas, thase, Middle English–1500s thais. β. Middle English þos (Middle English þosse), Middle English þose, thoos, (Middle English, 1600s thoes, Scotticized thoise, thoys), 1500s thoose; Middle English– those. Etymology: Old English þás , þās , Middle English þōs , plural of this pron. and adj., which during the Middle English period became synonymous with þā , tho pron.¹ and adj., plural of that, which it at length superseded, and thus came to be used in its current sense. The identification of þās (þaas, þase, þais(e) with þā began in the north, where it is evidenced c1300–1340; the use of þōs (thoos, those) for þō, in midld. and south, came later. Chaucer has only tho; and most of the examples of thos(e before 1475 occur either in midld. versions of northern poems, such as the Anturs of Arthur and Sir Perceval, where the scribe transliterated thas(e into thos(e, or in the works of northern men, as Wyclif, whose native dialect had thas(e. In English literature those, thoos, thoes, became common first in works printed by Caxton, and thenceforth those and tho continued to be used in the same sense, tho gradually becoming rarer, till c1550. The early southern Middle English þōs = these pron. and adj., appears to have been retained longest in Kentish: see quots. 1340¹ at sense 1, 1340² at sense 1 in. I. It was of course obsolete in Midland English before thos , thoos , those in the modern sense was accepted. It is doubtful whether thase ever found a footing in Scotland, where þā continued in use, and still exists as thae pron. and adj. plural of that. I. Demonstrative pronoun. †1. Plural of this pron. and adj. I. = these pron. and adj. I. Obsolete. ΚΠ c825 Vesp. Psalter xliii. 18 [xliv. 17] Ðas all cwomun ofer usic. a900 K. Ælfred Laws Introd. c. 49 §9 Ic ða Ælfred cyning þas togædere gegaderode. a900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. iii. xix. [xxvii.] 242 Betweoh þas wæron twegen geonge æðelingas. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) iv. 9 Ealle þas ic sylle þe. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 217 Ac ich ne mai ne ich ne can þosse [i.e. words] on openi. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 10 Vor alle þos byeþ ualse wytnesses. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 39 Þise makeþ þe ualse mariages. Þise benimeþ þe heritages. Þos doþ zuo moche kuead..and al þis hi doþ be hare greate couaytise. 2. a. Plural of that pron.¹, adj., adv., and n.: indicating things or persons pointed to or already mentioned: see that pron.² 1. ΚΠ 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 6556 I fynde wryten paynes fourtene,..And whilk þas er I sal yhow telle. a1400 K. Alis. (Bodl.) 4913 A folk woneþ biside þoos, Þat beeþ ycleped Farangos. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 17 He made diuers bookis of phisik..and of thoos xij. the most be studyed by ordre. 1611 Bible (King James) Ecclus. vii. 28 A woman among all those haue I not found. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. i. 224 A Sea of melting pearle, which some call teares; Those at her fathers churlish feete she tenderd. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iii. vii. 69 The Armour that I saw in your Tent to night, are those Starres or Sunnes vpon it? View more context for this quotation 1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler ii. 65 Milk. What Song was it, I pray? was it, Come Shepherds deck your heads: or, As at noon Dulcina rested: or Philida flouts me? Pisc. No, it is none of those . View more context for this quotation a1822 P. B. Shelley Boat on Serchio in Posthumous Poems (1824) 172 Melchior and Lionel were not among those. 1912 N.E.D. at Those Mod. Who are those passing? Those are our neighbours Smith and Jones. I looked at all the books on the top shelf, but it was not one of those. b. Preceded by and, introducing an additional qualification of the things or persons mentioned in the previous clause: plural of that pron.¹ 2a. ΚΠ 1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 40^v Other & those very good archers in drawyng, loke at the marke. 1590 tr. P. Ubaldini Disc. Spanishe inuading Eng. 1588 5 Through penurie of many and those necessarie things. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xvii. xxii. 529 If the vineyard lie pendant upon the hanging of the hill, it requireth deeper ditches, and those raised up well with earth. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 128 Lord of few Acres, and those barren too. View more context for this quotation 1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. ii. 53 Other figures..and those perfect ones. 1912 N.E.D. at Those Mod. I have only three, and those not of the best. 3. In opposition to these; sometimes spec. = ‘the former’: plural of that pron.¹ 3b For quots. see these pron. and adj. 2, 4. Also in contrast to (the) others. ΚΠ 1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler iv. 116 Palmer flies, not only those rib'd with silver and gold, but others that have their bodies all made of black. View more context for this quotation 1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. i. 6 Those affirming they had bargain'd onely for the fish, the others that they bought the draught at a venture. 4. As antecedent pronoun, followed by a defining word or phrase, viz. a relative clause (with relative expressed or understood), a participle (or other verbal adjective), or a preposition (esp. of) with a noun which serves to qualify or particularize those: plural of that pron.¹ 6, 5 (= German diejenigen or die, French ceux, celles.) a. In general sense: chiefly, now only, of persons: those who = the people who; those of = the people of, etc. Plural of that pron.¹ 1c, 5c. ΚΠ 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 7510 Alle þase þat wille þair syn forsake. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xv. 67 Þase þat trowes perfitely in Godd sall be sauf. c1440 Alphabet of Tales 296 Þase at sulde bere hym myght gett hym no ferrer. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 58 Thoos that be nedy. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 65 Thoes that blame. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. viii. B I am louynge vnto those that loue me. 1548 W. Forrest Pleasaunt Poesye 32 in T. Starkey Eng. in Reign King Henry VIII (1878) i. p. lxxxv Of thoise that they had too them made subiugate. ?a1560 T. Waterton in T. Wright Songs & Ballads Reign Philip & Mary (1860) 11 All thoys that have years this undarstande. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. i. 48 Who are those at the gate? View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) v. v. 52 Those as sleepe, and thinke not on their sins. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. iii. 101 Those of his Chamber, as it seem'd, had don't. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 401 Those are pearles that were his eies. View more context for this quotation 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. i. 166 Pray thinke vs, Those we professe, Peace-makers, Friends, and Seruants. View more context for this quotation 1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (1783) II. 216 Those who appeared more gentle and tractable. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 50 Those from whom they are descended. View more context for this quotation 1856 ‘G. Eliot’ in Westm. Rev. July 52 Those among our painters who aim at giving the rustic type of features. 1896 Law Times 100 410/1 Any person other than himself and those claiming under him. 1912 N.E.D. at Those Mod. Of those expected only a few turned up. b. Referring to things or persons mentioned immediately before, and equivalent to the with the plural noun; e.g. in quot. 1594, those = ‘the storms’. Plural of that pron.¹ 5a. ΚΠ 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 16 Diuerse opinions And in especial thoos of plato. 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. L2^v These watergalls..Foretell new stormes to those alreadie spent. View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) Josh. iii. 16 The waters which came downe from aboue, stood and rose vp vpon an heape..and those that came downe toward the sea of the plaine..failed, and were cut off. View more context for this quotation 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 51 The oysters..are by no means so large as those found sticking to rocks. 1779 Mirror No. 6. ⁋10 The classical writers..were those from whose works he felt the highest pleasure. 1797 Encycl. Brit. IV. 778/2 The larvæ, which resemble those of the wasp. 1820 J. Keats Ode on Grecian Urn in Lamia & Other Poems 114 Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard Are sweeter. 1874 G. W. Dasent Half a Life II. 76 His laws being like those of the Medes and Persians. II. Demonstrative determiner. †5. Plural of this pron. and adj. II. = these pron. and adj. II. Obsolete. ΚΠ a900 K. Ælfred Laws Introd. Dryhten wæs sprecende ðas word to Moyse. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 32 Ealle þas þing þeoda seceað. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 11 (De Quadragesima) Þas daȝes beoð iset us to muchele helpe..al swa moyses..feste þes daȝes. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 185 Ðos feawe word..seide ure drihten. a1250 Owl & Night. 139 (Cott.) Þos [Jes. þeos] word aȝaf þe niȝtingale. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 338 Brutus hine bi-þohte..& þas [c1300 Otho þeos] word seide. 6. a. Plural of that adj. 1. ΚΠ α. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8187 He tok þaas [Gött. þa] wandes in his hand. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4948 Þan spak ruben, þe eildest broiþer, Stilli menand til þas [Fairf. þase] oþer. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19859 Quen petre þais [Gött., Fairf. þa; Trin. Cambr. þo] vnbestes sagh. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 2590 As it was hite bifor þas [Vesp. þaa, Fairf. þa] dais. c1440 Alphabet of Tales 82 With all þase candels he cursid þis fend & entirditid hym. β. c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 112 Bifore þat tyme weren þos wordis spoken of Crist.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 7254 Bi a piler was he sette to glew þos [Vesp. þaa] gomis at mete.a1400 Sir Perc. 229 Fyftene wynter and mare He duellede in those holtes hare.1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 2 Ony of thoos bookes.1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 14 Whiche was a Cyte in thoos dayes.1491 in Lett. Rich. III & Hen. VII (Rolls) I. 99 Bring the said Sir Robert and thoes other oure rebelles and traitours.1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke i. f. lxxiij Mary arose in thoose [ Coverd. & Gt. Bible those] dayes.a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iv. 61 Binde vp those tresses. View more context for this quotation1639 in Hamilton Papers (1880) 90 So many men..with thoes I haue heir, as will make up that number.1742 R. Challoner Mem. Missionary Priests II. 4 John Sugar was born at Womborn..of a noted Family in those Parts.1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 75 A living stirring picture of the Church and State of those days. b. Indicating things or persons as known to be such as described: plural of that adj. 1b. ΚΠ 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 141 Thy lippes, those kissing cherries. View more context for this quotation 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. ii. 61 As for those Romantick Monogrammous Gods of Epicurus. 1737 R. Challoner Catholick Christian Instructed xviii. 178 Those two great Lights of the Church, St. Gregory Nazianzen and St. Basil. 1822 P. B. Shelley Question 10 Daisies, those pearled Arcturi of the earth. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xx. 494 Those worst enemies of the nation. c. Used instead of that with a singular noun of multitude (now only with collectives in plural sense, as clergy, foot (foot-soldiers), horse, vermin); and esp. with kind, sort, followed by of with plural noun (see kind n. 8b). Cf. these pron. and adj. 3d.those kind (or sort) of men, is put for ‘men of that kind (or sort)’, Latin ejus generis homines, and is grammatically anomalous: cf. tha-kin adj. ΚΠ 1562 P. Whitehorne Certain Waies Orderyng Souldiers f. 9^v, in tr. N. Machiavelli Arte of Warre Behinde the saied teethe to place those number of men which fyrste were taken oute. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. ii. 9 You, and those poore number saued with you. View more context for this quotation 1692 O. Walker Greek & Rom. Hist. 266 He..chased away those Vermin of Courtiers. 1874 W. E. Gladstone in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 673 Some of those clergy who are called Broadchurchmen. 1565 J. Sparke in Hawkins Voy. ii. (1878) 51 Those sorte of men are eaters of the flesh of men, as well as the Canibals.?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 71 From whence those kinde of Playes had their beginning.1608 J. Dod & R. Cleaver Plaine Expos. Prov. xi–xii. 150 In those kind of trees, the root cannot defend the branches, nor bodie.1761 H. Walpole Let. to H. Zouch 3 Jan. The little regard shown..to those sort of things.1798 J. Austen Let. 25 Dec. (1995) 30 Those kind of foolish & incomprehensible feelings.1887 H. R. Haggard Jess xiv. 126 Those sort of reflections. 7. In opposition to these: plural of that adj. 3; cf. 3 above. For quots. see these pron. and adj. 4. 8. Modifying a noun which is the antecedent to a relative (expressed or omitted), or which is further defined by a participle: plural of that adj. 2. ΚΠ c1175 Lamb. Hom. 13 Þas .x. bebode þe godalmihti seolf idihte. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Eph. v. 12 Those thynges which are done of them in secrete. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Jude 10 Those thinges which they knowe not. In tho thynges which they knowe naturally they corrupte them selves [so Coverd. & Gt. Bible]. 1539 Bible (Great) Rev. i. 3 And kepe those [ Tindale & Coverd. thoo] thynges which are written therin. 1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 100 Gif ze be nocht admittit be thais Kirkis, quhome ze serue. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. viii. 91 The Names of those their Nobles that lye dead. View more context for this quotation 1645 J. Milton Epit. Marchioness of Winchester in Poems 25 Those Pearls of dew she wears. 1779 Mirror No. 30. ⁋2 Those national boasts which are always allowable. 1780 Mirror No. 79. ⁋5 Those useful chronicles of facts, called newspapers. 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede III. vi. xlix. 209 Brethren and sisters..who have none of those comforts you have. 9. = such adj. and pron.: plural of that adj. 4. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [adjective] > such suchkinc1275 semblablec1386 slikec1386 slikinsa1400 swilkina1400 sicc1400 swilk-likec1400 suchlike1422 sic-like1442 such a like1474 siccan1513 those1608 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 89 I returne those duties backe as are right fit. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 339 Those Arts they haue, as I Could put into them. View more context for this quotation 1632 P. Massinger & N. Field Fatall Dowry iii. sig. G2^v Obnoxious, to those foolish things As they can gibe at. 1689 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 567 The town..was reduced to those straights, that if not releived..it must have surrendred in two daies time. 1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. vi. 117 He spoke of you in those terms that make me congratulate myself that I have met the son. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < pron.adj.c825
随便看	red bark tree red bartsia red bass red bat red batata red bay red bead snake red bead tree red bead vine red bean red bean tree red bear-cat red bearberry red bearcat red beds red beech red beefwood red beet red behen red belt red beret red biddy red bilberry red bine red birch