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单词 thrawn
释义

thrawnadj.adv.

Brit. /θrɔːn/, U.S. /θrɔn/, /θrɑn/, Scottish English /θrɔn/, Irish English /θrɒːn/
Forms:

α. Scottish pre-1700 thrain, pre-1700 thrauin, pre-1700 thravin, pre-1700 thrawine, pre-1700 thrawing, pre-1700 thrawne, pre-1700 thrawyn, pre-1700 thrayne, pre-1700 1700s–1900s thrawin, pre-1700 1700s– thrawn, pre-1700 1800s thrawen, pre-1700 1800s–1900s thraun, 1800s– trawn (Orkney and Shetland), 1900s thraavin' (Aberdeenshire), 1900s thrauven (Aberdeenshire), 1900s– thraan (Aberdeenshire), 1900s– thryaavin (Aberdeenshire), 1900s– traan (Shetland); Irish English (northern) 1800s thrawin', 1800s– thrawn, 1900s– thraan, 1900s– thran, 1900s– trahan, 1900s– trawn.

β. Scottish pre-1700 thraw, pre-1700 threw.

γ. Scottish pre-1700 thronne, pre-1700 throuin, pre-1700 throvin, pre-1700 throwen, pre-1700 throwin, pre-1700 thrown, pre-1700 throwne.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: thrown adj.
Etymology: Originally a Scots variant of thrown adj. (compare thrawn, past participle of throw v.1: see Forms 3a α. at that entry), now usually distinguished in form in the senses below (compare throw v.1 I.).Early forms with final -in show regular variation of a type also seen in the past participle forms of throw v.1; in later use such forms appear to have sometimes been reinterpreted as reflecting -in (also -in' ), variant of -ing suffix2, and as a result are sometimes written with a final apostrophe (compare thraavin' and thrawin' at α. forms).
Scottish and Irish English (northern).
1. Perverse, contrary; obstinate, stubborn; bad-tempered, peevish, cross. Also occasionally as adv.: †in a bad-tempered manner, peevishly (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > [adjective]
stour1303
thwarta1325
elvishc1386
wrawc1386
wrawfulc1386
crabbeda1400
crousea1400
cursedc1400
doggeda1425
currishc1460
disagreeable1474
dour1488
thrawn1488
terne?1507
apirsmarta1522
crustyc1570
incommodious1570
bilious1571
mischievous-stomached1577
thrawn-faced1578
thrawn-mowit1578
wearisha1586
shrewish1596
rhubarbative1600
crabbish1606
ill-tempereda1616
cur-like1627
thrawn-faceda1628
terned1638
cross1639
splenial1641
frumpish1647
wry1649
bad-tempered1671
hot-tempered1673
sidy1673
ugly1687
ornery1692
cankerya1699
ramgunshoch1721
cantankerousc1736
frumpy1746
unhappy1756
grumpy1778
crabby1791
grumpish1797
thraw-gabbit18..
snarlish1813
cranky1821
stuntya1825
ill-natured1825
nattery1825
rantankerous1832
foul-tempered1835
cacochymical1836
as cross as two sticks1842
grumphy1846
knappy1855
carnaptious1858
cussed1858
three-cornered1863
snotty1870
sniffy1871
snorty1893
grouchy1895
scratchy1925
tight1950
stroppy1951
snitty1978
arsey1989
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 593 Thar salusyng was bot boustous and thrawin.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 918 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 123 Thus wycit he ye walentyne thraly & thrawin.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 129 Sa mot I thriue, I am thrawin, Begin we to threip.
1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. Fiiij Lyke the curr,..sparing alwaies those are to him knowin, To them most gentle, to the others throwin.
1718 A. Ramsay Christ's-kirk on Green iii. 23 Greedy Wives wi girning thrawn, Cryd Lasses up to Thrift.
1737 A. Ramsay Coll. Scots Prov. (1750) v. 15 A thrawin question should have a thrawart answer.
1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf xix, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. I. 357 Though he was thrawn and cankered in his converse, he liket dumb creatures weel.
1862 Leisure Hours in Town 13 The expressive Scotticism which says of a perverse and impracticable man that he is a thrawn person; that is, a person who has got a thraw or twist.
1889 J. M. Barrie Window in Thrums xix. 179 He cried it oot fell thrawn.
1919 J. Laing Man with Lamp xiv. 247 She's that thrawn she'll be better prepared to receive us if she kens nothing, than if I'd told her.
1941 N. M. Gunn Silver Darlings vii. 133 Crofters were thrawn to a degree rare in the experience of the dealers and haggled uncompromisingly.
2006 I. Rankin Naming of Dead xviii. 260 She'd become just like Rebus—obsessed and sidelined; thrawn and mistrusted.
2.
a. literal. Twisted, crooked, bent out of shape; misshapen, distorted.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > misshapenness > [adjective] > of or relating to distortion > distorted
wrongwende?c1225
writhenc1475
thrawnc1494
tort1513
encrampised1523
wry1552
thraw?1553
contort1570
wried1576
writhed1578
turned1585
distort1588
tortured1603
wrested1609
contorted1622
distorted1635
twisted1830
wreathed1844
gnarled1851
squinched1899
contortioned1922
pretzelled1938
c1494 tr. Deidis of Armorie (Harl.) (1994) 45 His cluvis ar clovin as ane ox, and teith as a bair, and a thrain tail.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. ii. (i.) 70 In jonyngis of the thrawin wame of tre Festinyt the lance.
?1635 in D. Dickson Sel. Pract. Writings (1845) (modernized text) 123 If he [sc. Christ] have ado with a thrawn knotty piece of work, he drives a hard wedge.
1718 A. Ramsay Christ's-kirk on Green ii. 17 A thrawn Knublock hit his Heel.
1752 in W. Cramond Rec. Elgin (1903) I. 465 All..sowms, thramels, rigwoodies, tethers, wallropes, thrawn wawns and all other wood or work of wood, straw, bent, or rushes.
a1824 Ld. Saltoun & Auchanachie vi, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1892) IV. viii. 348/1 He's bowed on the back, and thrawin on the knee.
1871 G. A. Lawrence Anteros xv She had seen the husband..brought home a corpse stiff and thrawn.
1897 J. C. Snaith Fierceheart vi. 67 The threep was fause, an he..got a thrawn thrapple for a deed he didna dae.
1901 Westm. Gaz. 9 Apr. 3/1 ‘Dramatic idyls’..peopled by the stark ‘thrawn’ figures of the Pre-Raphaelite world.
1943 S. H. Bell Summer Loanen 80 Robert's gaping eyes made out the head of a very old woman, her thrawn neck protruding from a flannel nightgown.
2000 J. Robertson Fanatic 2 His leg was a thrawn limb, in more ways than one. Under the torture of the ‘boots’ it had been so mangled and crushed that it was now not much more than an encumbrance.
b. Of a person's face, mouth, etc.: twisted or contorted with anger, pain, irritation, etc.; expressive of bad temper or peevishness; grimacing. Cf. to throw one's face at throw v.1 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > [adjective] > looking angry > of the face: distorted with anger
thrawn?a1500
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill humour > expression of ill humour > [adjective]
thrawn?a1500
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Two Mice l. 238 in Poems (1981) 13 Ane modicum is mair for till allow, Swa that gude will be keruer at the dais, Than thrawin vult and mony spycit mais.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. viii. 23 Alecto her thrawin vyssage dyd away.
a1585 P. Hume Flyting with Montgomerie (Tullibardine) ix. 58 in Poems A. Montgomerie (2000) I. 173 Iok Blunt, thrawin frunt, kis þe cunt of ane kow.
1638 H. Adamson Muses Threnodie i. 7 Their horride beards, thrown browes, brusled mustages.
1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 53 A toom Purse make a thrawn Face.
1847 R. Simpson Banner of Covenant xvi. 367 Why do you look with so thrawn a countenance?
1931 A. J. Cronin Hatter's Castle ii. ix. 271 Across the thrawn, forbidding face of the woman a gross purple naevus lay like a livid weal.
2011 @PeelFarm 24 Nov. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) We have a rather grumpy christmas elf in the Courtyard constructing Santa's Grotto... Maybe a mince pie will put a smile on her thrawn face!

Compounds

Forming parasynthetic adjectives with the sense ‘having a mouth, face, etc., which is twisted or contorted with anger, pain, irritation, etc.; (hence) bad-tempered, peevish’, as thrawn-faced, thrawn-gabbit, thrawn-mowit, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > [adjective]
stour1303
thwarta1325
elvishc1386
wrawc1386
wrawfulc1386
crabbeda1400
crousea1400
cursedc1400
doggeda1425
currishc1460
disagreeable1474
dour1488
thrawn1488
terne?1507
apirsmarta1522
crustyc1570
incommodious1570
bilious1571
mischievous-stomached1577
thrawn-faced1578
thrawn-mowit1578
wearisha1586
shrewish1596
rhubarbative1600
crabbish1606
ill-tempereda1616
cur-like1627
thrawn-faceda1628
terned1638
cross1639
splenial1641
frumpish1647
wry1649
bad-tempered1671
hot-tempered1673
sidy1673
ugly1687
ornery1692
cankerya1699
ramgunshoch1721
cantankerousc1736
frumpy1746
unhappy1756
grumpy1778
crabby1791
grumpish1797
thraw-gabbit18..
snarlish1813
cranky1821
stuntya1825
ill-natured1825
nattery1825
rantankerous1832
foul-tempered1835
cacochymical1836
as cross as two sticks1842
grumphy1846
knappy1855
carnaptious1858
cussed1858
three-cornered1863
snotty1870
sniffy1871
snorty1893
grouchy1895
scratchy1925
tight1950
stroppy1951
snitty1978
arsey1989
1578 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 249 Ane moyane of fonte thrawin mowit without armes maid be Hanis Cochrane.
a1628 J. Carmichaell Coll. Prov. in Scots (1957) No. 1571 The bairne gotten aganst the fathers will is ay thrawin faced.
?1719 A. Ramsay in A. Ramsay & W. Hamilton Familiar Epist. 14 Thrawn gabet Sumphs that snarl At our frank Lines.
a1774 R. Fergusson Poems Var. Subj. (1779) 72 Dowr, capernoited, thrawin gabbit.
1882 J. Walker Descr. Jaunt to Auld Reekie 25 King Jamie, the thrawn-headed ass, Three kingdoms did tine for the sake of a mass.
1897 E. W. Hamilton Outlaws of Marches ix. 103 What for a place is Liddesdale gif a body canna kiss a lass but he must..get his head cobbed..by thrawn-gabbit auld guidwives?
1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 356/2 Thrawn-faced, having the features distorted by ill-humour.
2014 Scotsman (Nexis) 9 May Suddenly, a man stands before them—a brawny, thrawn-faced shop steward.
2018 F. Robson in Lallans 92 37 A thrawn-gabbit auld scunner wi a Hallowe'en face.

Derivatives

ˈthrawnly adv. awry; perversely, contrarily; obstinately; bad-temperedly.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > [adverb]
crabbedlya1420
cursedly1430
currishly1519
thrawnlya1522
crustily1578
scurvily1608
shrewishlya1616
doggedly?c1663
ungenially1858
crankily1864
ill-naturedly1865
cantankerously1868
dourly1871
grumpily1882
the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adverb] > perversely
witherc1200
contrariouslyc1380
waywardly1395
frowardlya1400
overthwartlya1425
wrawlyc1440
protervely1447
perverselya1513
thrawnlya1522
perversedlya1525
thrawartly1533
thwartly1558
backwardlya1586
unreclaimablya1616
peevishlya1680
untowardly1682
bloody-mindedly1716
wrong-headedly1737
thrawart-like1768
cross-grained1825
pigheadedly1836
cussedly1868
contrariwise1873
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [adverb] > by size, shape, etc.
steep14..
thrawnlya1522
haggardly1860
saucer-like1861
radiantly1877
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vii. vi. l. 133 With bludy eyn rollyng full thrawynly [L. sanguineam torquens aciem].
1899 J. Buchan Grey Weather 250 ‘What bird are ye?’ he asked thrawnly.
1980 Times Lit. Suppl. 28 Mar. 373/1 The Kilbrandon Commission found the stage army of the Scottish good solidly pro-devolution... Only the Labour Party remained thrawnly hostile to the whole idea.
2015 M. Fitt tr. D. Walliams Mr Mingin iii. 36 ‘There's nothin wrang at hame. Awthin's braw,’ said Chloe thrawnly.
ˈthrawnness n. (also †thranes) perverseness; obstinacy.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > [noun]
cursednessc1386
crabbedness1413
thrawnness1499
currishness1542
doggedness1592
spleen1597
incompliance1689
crustiness1727
dourness1794
grumpiness1835
cussedness1852
nabalism1853
ungeniality1859
disgrace1861
cantankerousness1881
ugliness1889
stroppiness1969
the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [noun] > perverseness
frowardnessa1300
waywardnessc1384
wrawnessc1386
frowardship14..
perversity?a1425
frowardheadc1470
overthwartnessc1475
adversity1489
perversednessa1500
thrawnness1499
untowardnessa1525
protervitya1527
repugnancy1557
thrawardness1567
contrariousness1571
crookedness1576
thwartness1577
pervertness1581
peevishness1582
awkness1587
crabbedness1598
untowardliness1598
crossness1600
difficileness1612
contrariness1642
perverseness1644
cross-grainedness1652
wrong-headedness1740
pigheadedness1801
cussedness1852
orneriness1880
bloody-mindedness1910
difficultness1934
1499 Contempl. Synners (de Worde) sig. Nvv The rage and swetnes of lustys sensuall And of thy wyll the thranes arrogant.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) v. l. 5019 Schir Narses For inwy accusit was Be thranes of þat emprice.
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. at Thraw Thrawinness, perverseness, obstinacy.
1862 Leisure Hours in Town 18 Perversity, or general Unpleasantness and Thrawn-ness.
1883 A. Stewart Nether Lochaber lii. 328 A perverseness of disposition and a thrawnness of temper.
1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 356/2 Thrawnness, perverseness; obstinacy; contrariness.
2010 Guardian 10 Apr. (Review section) 15/2 The necessary thrawnness in a writer's temperament refuses..to take no for an answer.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.adv.1488
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