tillern.¹

Brit.

/ˈtɪlə/, U.S.

/ˈtɪlər/

Forms: Middle English tiliere, Middle English teoliare, telier, tylier, tileer, Middle English tilier, tylyer, tilyer, Middle English tylyar, telar, tillour, tylere, tyllare, Middle English–1500s tyllar, 1500s tyller, Scottish telare, Middle English– tiller.

Etymology: Middle English tiliere , taking the place of Old English tilia (tilie n.), < tilian , till v.¹ + -ere , -er suffix¹; subsequently spelt conformably to the verb.

Now literary or archaic.

One who tills the soil, or cultivates any crop or plant; a husbandman, cultivator; a farmer or farm labourer. See also earth-tiller n., land-tiller n. at land n.¹ Compounds 1b(a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > [noun] > tiller of soil

delverc888

tillman940

tiliec1000

acremanOE

earth-tilieOE

land-tiliec1275

tillerc1300

earth-tillera1325

diggerc1400

land-herd1490

earth-tilther1495

tilther1495

land-tiller?a1500

manurerc1500

tillsman1561

tilth-man1638

cultivator1661

c1300 Life Jesus (Horstm.) 589 Ich am, he seide, a riȝt soth vine, and mi fader teoliare is.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1482 Esau wilde man, huntere, And Iacob tame man, tiliere.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiii. 239 For alle trewe trauaillours and tilieres of þe erthe.

c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 4418 The Tylere [v.r. tilyer] with his pore cote and land.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 187 Uigneron, a tyller of vygnes.

c1535 Ploughman's Tale i. sig. B.i^v What knoweth a tyllour at the plowe The popes name.

1660 J. Childrey Britannia Baconica 11 The tiller can commonly take but two crops of wheat.

1767 A. Young Farmer's Lett. 74 The little farmer is always considered as the chief tiller of his land.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 418 The remuneration of workmen employed in manufactures has always been higher than that of the tillers of the soil.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

tillern.²

Forms: (Middle English Anglo-Norman teiler), Middle English telor, tiler, 1500s tyller, tyllour, 1500s–1600s tillar, 1500s– tiller.

Etymology: < Old French telier (a1200 in Godefroy), tellier, in sense 1; originally a weaver's beam (telier des tisserands , Godefroy), medieval Latin tēlārium , < Latin tēla web: see -ary suffix¹.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈtiller.

†1.

a. Archery, etc. In a crossbow: The wooden beam which is grooved for reception of the arrow, or drilled for the bolt or quarrel; the stock. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > archer's weapons > [noun] > bow > bow fitted with tiller > tiller

tiller14..

1353 Mag. Rot. 27 Edw. III in Archæol. Jrnl. (1862) 19 72 In..xl. lignis vocatis cost' pro balistis inde faciendis, xl. lignis pro telar' balistarum..cxx. clavis vocatis somernailes pro telar'.

1361 Indenture 35 Edw. III in Archæol. Jrnl. (1854) 11 385 xxiiij. arc pur arblastes de corn saunz teilers.]

14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 615/44 Tenorcula, a telor of an arblast.

1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. 1370 He..hent a bowe þat passingly was stronge, And with an arwe to his tiler longe.

c1532 G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 914 Tyller of a crosbowe, cormier.

1544 in J. Gairdner & R. H. Brodie Lett. & Papers Reign Henry VIII (1905) (modernized text) XIX. ii. 405 Oon tyllour, oon paire of chekes, and oon bender,..oon crossbowe case and oon dosen di of crossbowe stringes.

1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 221 An expert..workeman..cunningly bestoweth in the hollow passage of the beame or tiller [of a balista] a shaft of wood.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Arbrier, the Tillar of a Crosse-bow.

a1618 J. Sylvester Wood-mans Bear (1620) xliv Eyes that arme Love's Arches tillar.

†b. A stock or shaft fixed to a long-bow to admit of its being used as a crossbow, for greater convenience or precision of aim. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1590 H. Barwick Breefe Disc. Weapons 11 Whether a Cros-bowe, or a Long-bowe in a Tyller, shoot more certainly.

1620 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Phylaster ii. 17 Vse exercise, and keep a sparrow hawke, you can shoot in a Tiller.

†c. transferred. A bow fitted with a tiller. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > archer's weapons > [noun] > bow > bow fitted with tiller

tiller1572

tiller-bow1583

1572 J. Jones Benefit Bathes of Buckstones f. 12 Rather wyth longe Bowe, than wyth Tyller, Stone bowe or Crosse bowe.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Balista,..a crosse bow, a stock-bow or tillar.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iv. xiv. 646 Neither is the crosse-bow so dangerous, whether it be the tiller, or the bullet.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xvi. 77/1 The Tiller hath the Bow of wood either Ash or Yew whose string is held vp (when..drawne) by a wooden Nutt as it is called, and a handle to let it off.

d. (See quot. 1801.)

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > archer's weapons > [noun] > bow > instrument for testing bow

tiller1545

1545 [implied in: R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 6 I woulde desyre all bowyers to season theyr staues well, to woorke them and synke them well, to gyue them heetes conuenient, and tyllerynges plentye. (at tillering n.¹)].

1545 [implied in: R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 6^v I suppose that nether y^e bowe can be to good and chefe woode, nor yet to wel seasoned or truly made, wyth hetynges and tillerynges. (at tillering n.¹)].

1801 T. Roberts Eng. Bowman 295 Tiller, an instrument made of a straight piece of wood, with a notch at the end, and notches on the upper side; in which a bow is placed and drawn, to try how it bends.

†e. A stock or shaft in the earliest forms of hand-gun or cannon. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > stock or shaft

tiller1353

gun-stock1495

stocking1532

stock1541

buttstock1866

1353 Mag. Rot. 27 Edw. III in Archæol. Jrnl. (1862) 19 74 Pro..portagio x. gunn' cum telar'.

1885 H. A. Dillon Fairholt's Costume in Eng. II. (Gloss.) Telar, the stock of a hand gun (with above reference).]

a. Nautical. A horizontal bar or beam attached to the rudder-head, acting as a lever by means of which the rudder is moved in the act of steering.Not in French, where the tiller is ‘barre du gouvernail’.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > helm > tiller

steer-staffa1382

key?c1400

steer-tree1483

tillera1625

thwartship tiller1897

a1625 H. Mainwaring Nomenclator Navalis (Harl. 2301) The Helme and Tiller is all one..only the word Tiller is properlie used for that which we steere the Bote by.

1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 12 The Tiller is a strong peece of wood made fast to the Rudder..whereby the Rudder is so turned to and fro as the Helmesman pleaseth.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Tiller, the very same with the Helm of a Ship: It is most properly used in a Boat where that which would be the Helm in a Ship, is called the Tiller.

1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 17 The Ship struck a second Time, which broke the Head of the Tiller.

1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy II. iii. 92 Easy wrested the tiller from Gascoigne's hand.

1875 A. Helps Social Pressure vi. 76 You are either..a slave at the oar, or a serf at the tiller.

1905 A. C. Benson Upton Lett. (1906) 39 Not fit..to take the tiller.

b. Also loosely, the steering-gear of a rowing-boat; cf. tiller-lines n., tiller-rope n. at Compounds.

3. In various technical uses: see quots.

ΚΠ

1630 J. Taylor Arrant Thiefe in Wks. ii. 119/2 As once a Windmill (out of breath) lack'd winde A fellow brought foure bushels then to grinde, And hearing neither noyse of knap or tiller, Laid downe his corne, and went to seeke the miller.

1789 J. Brand Hist. & Antiq. Newcastle I. 687 (note) A piece of wood, called a tiller, is..applied to one wheel, and pressed thereon.

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Tiller, the handle of a spade.

1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Tiller. 1. A transverse handle at the upper end of a pit saw.

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 Tiller. See Brace-head.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations.

† tiller-bow n. Obsolete = sense 1c.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > archer's weapons > [noun] > bow > bow fitted with tiller

tiller1572

tiller-bow1583

1583 W. M. Remembr. in T. Roberts Eng. Bowman (1801) 261 Every one bearing a tiller-bow or cross-bow, and broad arrows.

1590 H. Barwick Breefe Disc. Weapons 11 He..then can either loose Long-bowe, Tiller-bowe, or Cros-bowe.

1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Zebretana A tiller bowe, balistæ genus.

tiller-chain n. a chain answering the same purpose as a tiller-rope; on steamships, used in conjunction with steel-wire to connect the rudder with the steam steering-gear.

tiller-head n. the extremity of the tiller to which are secured the two ends of the tiller-rope or -chain.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > helm > tiller > extremity of tiller

tiller-head1841

1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. Gloss. at Tiller-ropes Ropes leading from the tiller-head round the barrel of the wheel.

tiller lever n.

ΚΠ

1905 Westm. Gaz. 3 Jan. 4/2 With one hand on the tiller-lever he can perform all the functions of driver and steersman at once.

tiller-lines n. two lines or ropes fastened each to one arm of the tiller-yoke in a boat; also called yoke-lines, yoke-, tiller-ropes.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > helm > steering yoke or quadrant > rope or chain

yokea1625

wheel-rope1820

yoke line1822

string1852

tiller-lines1889

wheel-chain1891

1889 J. K. Jerome Three Men in Boat 76 Harris at the sculls and I at the tiller-lines.

tillerman n. U.S. a fireman who controls the rear portion of a fire-engine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > [noun] > fire-fighting > fireman > specific

bitterc1467

engineman1724

pipeman1763

vamp1877

nozzle man1885

pumper1912

smoke-jumper1940

tillerman1968

first responder1975

1968 L. Lokos House Divided vii. 226 A hook and ladder truck went to answer the alarm without the tillerman aboard to control the rear portion.

tiller-post n. the upper part of the rudder-stock.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > rudder > upper part of stock

tiller-post1890

1890 Daily News 9 Jan. 6/3 Her tiller post had been carried away, and other damage done to the stern.

tiller-rope n. (a) the rope (now usually a chain) connecting the tiller-head with the drum or barrel of a ship's steering-gear; (b) a rope leading from the tiller-head to each side of the deck, to assist in steering in rough weather; (c) plural = tiller-lines n.

ΚΠ

1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 148 Our old Tiller-Rope being much worn, we unreev'd it, and reev'd a new one.

1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton v Bell pulled the white tiller-ropes over her shoulder.

tiller soup n. the minatory wielding of a tiller by the coxswain to encourage his boat's crew.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > steering > [noun] > use of helm > specific manner of using tiller

tiller soup1929

1929 F. C. Bowen Sea Slang 141 Tiller soup, the man-handling with the tiller by threat of which a coxswain encourages his boat's crew.

1947 Sea Breezes III. 151 We boys got a few gentle taps with the boat's tiller, too. We called it ‘tiller soup’.

tiller-steerage n. = tiller-steering n.

Categories »

tiller-steering n. the arrangement for steering a motor car by means of a lever (as distinct from wheel-steerage).

tiller-wheel n. a wheel by which a rudder is actuated, a steering-wheel.

Categories »

tiller-yoke n. a yoke fixed on the rudder-head of a boat and serving as a tiller.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

tillern.³

Forms: Old English (see etymology); 1600s– tiller, 1700s–1800s tillar, tellar, teller; 1800s dialect tellow, tillow, telly.

Etymology: Apparently representing Old English telgor , tealgor , strong masculine, also telgra , weak masculine (see sense 1), extended forms of telga, weak masculine, ‘branch, bough, twig’ = Old Norse tjalga (feminine), Middle Low German, Low German, Dutch telg, Middle Dutch telch, telg- (masculine and neuter), Middle High German zelch, zelge, zilge (masculine) < Old Germanic *telgo(n), telgôn- twig, branch, sprout. Not found in English between 1100 and 1660; the phonetic history is obscure. The dialect tellow, tillow may representing Old English telga.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈtiller.

Now dialect.

†1. (In Old English.) A plant, a shoot, a twig; esp. a shoot or sucker from the root. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1000 Blickl. Glosses (E.E.T.S.) 261/2 Tealgras, propagines.

c1000 Ælfric Genesis ii. 5 And ælcne telgor on eorðan ær ðam þe he uppasprunge on eorðan.

a1050 Herbarium in Sax. Leechd. I. 276 Ðeos wyrt. of anum wyrttruman manega telgran asendeþ.

a1050 Herbarium in Sax. Leechd. I. 276 Hypericon..Of anum stelan manega telgran weaxaþ.

a1050 Herbarium in Sax. Leechd. I. 324 Heo eal..wið þa eorðan hyre telgran tobrædeþ.

a1050 Medicina de Quadrup. in Sax. Leechd. I. 332 Do on anne telgran [þæs morbeames] ðe sy adune gecyrred.

2. A young tree, a sapling; esp. a stock-shoot, rising from the stock or stool of a felled tree.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > characterized by age or life cycle > [noun] > young tree or sapling

spire1392

sapling1415

springa1450

sipling1513

spear1543

gelding1562

saple1589

tiller1664

treeling1847

timberline1867

treelet1874

pole1882

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva iii. iv. §29 (Charcoal) This [ladder] they usually make of a curved Tiller fit to apply to the convex shape of the heap.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Tillar (in Husbandry), a small Tree left to grow till it be fellable.

1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 50 They are obliged to leave sixteen Tillers on an Acre.

1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature (1834) I. 322 First shoots up a tender twig, which then becomes a sapling, a waiver, a tellar, and at last a perfect oak laden with acorns.

1794 W. Pearce Agric. Berks. 55 [They] permit their labourers, during the winter months, to take up the old roots, from which no heir or teller is rising.

1831 On Planting (Libr. Useful Knowl.) vii. 92 Tiller or Tellar, a shoot selected..from those produced by a coppice-stool to stand for a timber-tree.

1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. Teller, Tillow.., a young oak tree.

1878 Notes & Queries 5th Ser. 10 223 The lessee covenants not to cut down tellows and stemners.

3. One of the lateral shoots from the base of the stalk of corn or grass or other herbaceous plant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun] > sucker or side-shoot

scourgea1382

by-sprouting1562

sucker1577

lateral1578

offset1642

spiney1649

side shoot1658

appendix1664

by-shoot1669

water sprout1688

turion1725

tiller1733

surculus1775

suckler1796

suckling1798

offshoot1814

stool1818

base shoot1835

side-tiller1903

toe1952

1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry xi. 61 The same Plant that when poor sends out but Two or Three Tillers, would if well Nourish'd..send up a Multitude of Tillers, as is seen in Ho'd Wheat and Sown Wheat.

1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Pract. Treat. Husbandry i. xiv. 70 New stalks, or, as some call it, tillers.

1764 Museum Rusticum (1765) 3 xii. 46 If the season is lost to encrease the number of tillers, we may enlarge the ears.

1811 W. Leslie Gen. View Agric. Nairn & Moray Gloss. Tiller, the rising blade of growing corn shooting out several stems from one seed.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Telly, a single stalk of grass or corn.]

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

† tillern.⁴

Etymology: apparently < till n.¹ + -er suffix¹, ? after drawer.

Obsolete. rare.

= till n.¹ 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > box > [noun] > drawer

till1452

draw box1531

drawer1565

draw1605

shuttle1626

tiller1693

1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires vi. 104 Search her Cabinet and thou shalt find Each Tiller there, with Love Epistles lin'd.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

tillerv.

Brit.

/ˈtɪlə/, U.S.

/ˈtɪlər/

Forms: Also 1600s tillar, 1800s tillow.

Etymology: < tiller n.³

a. intransitive. Of corn or other plants: To produce ‘tillers’ or side shoots from the root or base of the stem; also said of the shoots thus arising. Also with out, forth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth

spriteOE

wrideOE

brodc1175

comea1225

spirec1325

chicka1400

sprouta1400

germin?1440

germ1483

chip?a1500

spurgea1500

to put forth1530

shootc1560

spear1570

stock1574

chit1601

breward1609

pullulate1618

ysproutc1620

egerminate1623

put1623

germinate1626

sprent1647

fruticate1657

stalk1666

tiller1677

breerc1700

fork1707

to put out1731

stool1770

sucker1802

stir1843

push1855

braird1865

fibre1869

flush1877

the world > plants > by growth or development > grow, sprout, or bear fruit [verb (transitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth

cast1340

burgeon1382

shoot1526

sprit1559

sprout1574

to put forth1592

to cast forth1611

to put out1614

emit1660

push1676

tiller1677

to throw out1733

to throw up1735

tillerate1762

flush1877

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 245 The Seed in the rich [Land] does tillar, i.e. sprout into several blades and spread on the ground.

1731 J. Tull New Horse-houghing Husbandry 146 More Stalks would have Tillered out.

1743 Sel. Trans. Soc. Improvers Knowl. Agric. Scotl. 24 Clover-plants, when they have room to grow, tiller or stool, and employ more Ground than those of Corn.

1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 463 Oats do not tiller so much as other grains.

1813 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Hants 196 The more that the crown of this plant is..divided, the greater disposition it has to stool and tillow forth in additional stems and succours.

1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 406 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV It [wheat] tillered astonishingly, as many as fifty heads growing from one kernel.

b. transitive. To throw out (stalks, etc.) by tillering.

ΚΠ

1787 G. Winter New Syst. Husbandry 207 The roots of the drilled [wheat] tillered out from ten or twelve to upwards of thirty stalks on each root.

Derivatives

ˈtillered adj. having several shoots or stems springing from one root.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [adjective] > having or of the nature of shoot, runner, or sucker

surculous1597

tillered1733

soboliferous1753

turioniferous1828

surculose1845

1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry vii. 33 These Tillered Ho'd Stalks, if they were planted sparsim all over the Interval, it might seem well cover'd.

1885 W. K. Parker Mammalian Descent vi. 158 The multiplied (or tillered) stems of a wheat-plant.

ˈtillering n.² and adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [noun] > other processes

tillering1764

puddling1773

sulphuring1891

lingering1907

1764 Museum Rusticum (1765) 3 xii. 46 There is a particular season for its tillering, or spreading; another for its upright growth.

1840 C. Howard Farming at Ridgemont 137 in Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) III By a rapid and early vegetation of the wheat, the tillering branches of the young plant are apt to exhaust themselves.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹c1300

n.²14..

n.³a1000

n.⁴1693

v.1677

单词	tiller
释义	tillern.¹ Brit. /ˈtɪlə/, U.S. /ˈtɪlər/ Forms: Middle English tiliere, Middle English teoliare, telier, tylier, tileer, Middle English tilier, tylyer, tilyer, Middle English tylyar, telar, tillour, tylere, tyllare, Middle English–1500s tyllar, 1500s tyller, Scottish telare, Middle English– tiller. Etymology: Middle English tiliere , taking the place of Old English tilia (tilie n.), < tilian , till v.¹ + -ere , -er suffix¹; subsequently spelt conformably to the verb. Now literary or archaic. One who tills the soil, or cultivates any crop or plant; a husbandman, cultivator; a farmer or farm labourer. See also earth-tiller n., land-tiller n. at land n.¹ Compounds 1b(a). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > [noun] > tiller of soil delverc888 tillman940 tiliec1000 acremanOE earth-tilieOE land-tiliec1275 tillerc1300 earth-tillera1325 diggerc1400 land-herd1490 earth-tilther1495 tilther1495 land-tiller?a1500 manurerc1500 tillsman1561 tilth-man1638 cultivator1661 c1300 Life Jesus (Horstm.) 589 Ich am, he seide, a riȝt soth vine, and mi fader teoliare is. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1482 Esau wilde man, huntere, And Iacob tame man, tiliere. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xiii. 239 For alle trewe trauaillours and tilieres of þe erthe. c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 4418 The Tylere [v.r. tilyer] with his pore cote and land. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 187 Uigneron, a tyller of vygnes. c1535 Ploughman's Tale i. sig. B.i^v What knoweth a tyllour at the plowe The popes name. 1660 J. Childrey Britannia Baconica 11 The tiller can commonly take but two crops of wheat. 1767 A. Young Farmer's Lett. 74 The little farmer is always considered as the chief tiller of his land. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 418 The remuneration of workmen employed in manufactures has always been higher than that of the tillers of the soil. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). tillern.² Forms: (Middle English Anglo-Norman teiler), Middle English telor, tiler, 1500s tyller, tyllour, 1500s–1600s tillar, 1500s– tiller. Etymology: < Old French telier (a1200 in Godefroy), tellier, in sense 1; originally a weaver's beam (telier des tisserands , Godefroy), medieval Latin tēlārium , < Latin tēla web: see -ary suffix¹.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈtiller. †1. a. Archery, etc. In a crossbow: The wooden beam which is grooved for reception of the arrow, or drilled for the bolt or quarrel; the stock. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > archer's weapons > [noun] > bow > bow fitted with tiller > tiller tiller14.. 1353 Mag. Rot. 27 Edw. III in Archæol. Jrnl. (1862) 19 72 In..xl. lignis vocatis cost' pro balistis inde faciendis, xl. lignis pro telar' balistarum..cxx. clavis vocatis somernailes pro telar'. 1361 Indenture 35 Edw. III in Archæol. Jrnl. (1854) 11 385 xxiiij. arc pur arblastes de corn saunz teilers.] 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 615/44 Tenorcula, a telor of an arblast. 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. 1370 He..hent a bowe þat passingly was stronge, And with an arwe to his tiler longe. c1532 G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 914 Tyller of a crosbowe, cormier. 1544 in J. Gairdner & R. H. Brodie Lett. & Papers Reign Henry VIII (1905) (modernized text) XIX. ii. 405 Oon tyllour, oon paire of chekes, and oon bender,..oon crossbowe case and oon dosen di of crossbowe stringes. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. 221 An expert..workeman..cunningly bestoweth in the hollow passage of the beame or tiller [of a balista] a shaft of wood. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Arbrier, the Tillar of a Crosse-bow. a1618 J. Sylvester Wood-mans Bear (1620) xliv Eyes that arme Love's Arches tillar. †b. A stock or shaft fixed to a long-bow to admit of its being used as a crossbow, for greater convenience or precision of aim. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1590 H. Barwick Breefe Disc. Weapons 11 Whether a Cros-bowe, or a Long-bowe in a Tyller, shoot more certainly. 1620 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Phylaster ii. 17 Vse exercise, and keep a sparrow hawke, you can shoot in a Tiller. †c. transferred. A bow fitted with a tiller. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > archer's weapons > [noun] > bow > bow fitted with tiller tiller1572 tiller-bow1583 1572 J. Jones Benefit Bathes of Buckstones f. 12 Rather wyth longe Bowe, than wyth Tyller, Stone bowe or Crosse bowe. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Balista,..a crosse bow, a stock-bow or tillar. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iv. xiv. 646 Neither is the crosse-bow so dangerous, whether it be the tiller, or the bullet. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xvi. 77/1 The Tiller hath the Bow of wood either Ash or Yew whose string is held vp (when..drawne) by a wooden Nutt as it is called, and a handle to let it off. d. (See quot. 1801.) ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > archer's weapons > [noun] > bow > instrument for testing bow tiller1545 1545 [implied in: R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 6 I woulde desyre all bowyers to season theyr staues well, to woorke them and synke them well, to gyue them heetes conuenient, and tyllerynges plentye. (at tillering n.¹)]. 1545 [implied in: R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 6^v I suppose that nether y^e bowe can be to good and chefe woode, nor yet to wel seasoned or truly made, wyth hetynges and tillerynges. (at tillering n.¹)]. 1801 T. Roberts Eng. Bowman 295 Tiller, an instrument made of a straight piece of wood, with a notch at the end, and notches on the upper side; in which a bow is placed and drawn, to try how it bends. †e. A stock or shaft in the earliest forms of hand-gun or cannon. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > stock or shaft tiller1353 gun-stock1495 stocking1532 stock1541 buttstock1866 1353 Mag. Rot. 27 Edw. III in Archæol. Jrnl. (1862) 19 74 Pro..portagio x. gunn' cum telar'. 1885 H. A. Dillon Fairholt's Costume in Eng. II. (Gloss.) Telar, the stock of a hand gun (with above reference).] 2. a. Nautical. A horizontal bar or beam attached to the rudder-head, acting as a lever by means of which the rudder is moved in the act of steering.Not in French, where the tiller is ‘barre du gouvernail’. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > helm > tiller steer-staffa1382 key?c1400 steer-tree1483 tillera1625 thwartship tiller1897 a1625 H. Mainwaring Nomenclator Navalis (Harl. 2301) The Helme and Tiller is all one..only the word Tiller is properlie used for that which we steere the Bote by. 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 12 The Tiller is a strong peece of wood made fast to the Rudder..whereby the Rudder is so turned to and fro as the Helmesman pleaseth. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Tiller, the very same with the Helm of a Ship: It is most properly used in a Boat where that which would be the Helm in a Ship, is called the Tiller. 1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 17 The Ship struck a second Time, which broke the Head of the Tiller. 1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy II. iii. 92 Easy wrested the tiller from Gascoigne's hand. 1875 A. Helps Social Pressure vi. 76 You are either..a slave at the oar, or a serf at the tiller. 1905 A. C. Benson Upton Lett. (1906) 39 Not fit..to take the tiller. b. Also loosely, the steering-gear of a rowing-boat; cf. tiller-lines n., tiller-rope n. at Compounds. 3. In various technical uses: see quots. ΚΠ 1630 J. Taylor Arrant Thiefe in Wks. ii. 119/2 As once a Windmill (out of breath) lack'd winde A fellow brought foure bushels then to grinde, And hearing neither noyse of knap or tiller, Laid downe his corne, and went to seeke the miller. 1789 J. Brand Hist. & Antiq. Newcastle I. 687 (note) A piece of wood, called a tiller, is..applied to one wheel, and pressed thereon. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Tiller, the handle of a spade. 1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Tiller. 1. A transverse handle at the upper end of a pit saw. 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 Tiller. See Brace-head. Compounds attributive and in other combinations. † tiller-bow n. Obsolete = sense 1c. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > archer's weapons > [noun] > bow > bow fitted with tiller tiller1572 tiller-bow1583 1583 W. M. Remembr. in T. Roberts Eng. Bowman (1801) 261 Every one bearing a tiller-bow or cross-bow, and broad arrows. 1590 H. Barwick Breefe Disc. Weapons 11 He..then can either loose Long-bowe, Tiller-bowe, or Cros-bowe. 1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Zebretana A tiller bowe, balistæ genus. tiller-chain n. a chain answering the same purpose as a tiller-rope; on steamships, used in conjunction with steel-wire to connect the rudder with the steam steering-gear. tiller-head n. the extremity of the tiller to which are secured the two ends of the tiller-rope or -chain. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > helm > tiller > extremity of tiller tiller-head1841 1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. Gloss. at Tiller-ropes Ropes leading from the tiller-head round the barrel of the wheel. tiller lever n. ΚΠ 1905 Westm. Gaz. 3 Jan. 4/2 With one hand on the tiller-lever he can perform all the functions of driver and steersman at once. tiller-lines n. two lines or ropes fastened each to one arm of the tiller-yoke in a boat; also called yoke-lines, yoke-, tiller-ropes. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > helm > steering yoke or quadrant > rope or chain yokea1625 wheel-rope1820 yoke line1822 string1852 tiller-lines1889 wheel-chain1891 1889 J. K. Jerome Three Men in Boat 76 Harris at the sculls and I at the tiller-lines. tillerman n. U.S. a fireman who controls the rear portion of a fire-engine. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > [noun] > fire-fighting > fireman > specific bitterc1467 engineman1724 pipeman1763 vamp1877 nozzle man1885 pumper1912 smoke-jumper1940 tillerman1968 first responder1975 1968 L. Lokos House Divided vii. 226 A hook and ladder truck went to answer the alarm without the tillerman aboard to control the rear portion. tiller-post n. the upper part of the rudder-stock. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > rudder > upper part of stock tiller-post1890 1890 Daily News 9 Jan. 6/3 Her tiller post had been carried away, and other damage done to the stern. tiller-rope n. (a) the rope (now usually a chain) connecting the tiller-head with the drum or barrel of a ship's steering-gear; (b) a rope leading from the tiller-head to each side of the deck, to assist in steering in rough weather; (c) plural = tiller-lines n. ΚΠ 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 148 Our old Tiller-Rope being much worn, we unreev'd it, and reev'd a new one. 1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton v Bell pulled the white tiller-ropes over her shoulder. tiller soup n. the minatory wielding of a tiller by the coxswain to encourage his boat's crew. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > steering > [noun] > use of helm > specific manner of using tiller tiller soup1929 1929 F. C. Bowen Sea Slang 141 Tiller soup, the man-handling with the tiller by threat of which a coxswain encourages his boat's crew. 1947 Sea Breezes III. 151 We boys got a few gentle taps with the boat's tiller, too. We called it ‘tiller soup’. tiller-steerage n. = tiller-steering n. Categories » tiller-steering n. the arrangement for steering a motor car by means of a lever (as distinct from wheel-steerage). tiller-wheel n. a wheel by which a rudder is actuated, a steering-wheel. Categories » tiller-yoke n. a yoke fixed on the rudder-head of a boat and serving as a tiller. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021). tillern.³ Forms: Old English (see etymology); 1600s– tiller, 1700s–1800s tillar, tellar, teller; 1800s dialect tellow, tillow, telly. Etymology: Apparently representing Old English telgor , tealgor , strong masculine, also telgra , weak masculine (see sense 1), extended forms of telga, weak masculine, ‘branch, bough, twig’ = Old Norse tjalga (feminine), Middle Low German, Low German, Dutch telg, Middle Dutch telch, telg- (masculine and neuter), Middle High German zelch, zelge, zilge (masculine) < Old Germanic telgo(n), telgôn-* twig, branch, sprout. Not found in English between 1100 and 1660; the phonetic history is obscure. The dialect tellow, tillow may representing Old English telga.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈtiller. Now dialect. †1. (In Old English.) A plant, a shoot, a twig; esp. a shoot or sucker from the root. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1000 Blickl. Glosses (E.E.T.S.) 261/2 Tealgras, propagines. c1000 Ælfric Genesis ii. 5 And ælcne telgor on eorðan ær ðam þe he uppasprunge on eorðan. a1050 Herbarium in Sax. Leechd. I. 276 Ðeos wyrt. of anum wyrttruman manega telgran asendeþ. a1050 Herbarium in Sax. Leechd. I. 276 Hypericon..Of anum stelan manega telgran weaxaþ. a1050 Herbarium in Sax. Leechd. I. 324 Heo eal..wið þa eorðan hyre telgran tobrædeþ. a1050 Medicina de Quadrup. in Sax. Leechd. I. 332 Do on anne telgran [þæs morbeames] ðe sy adune gecyrred. 2. A young tree, a sapling; esp. a stock-shoot, rising from the stock or stool of a felled tree. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > characterized by age or life cycle > [noun] > young tree or sapling spire1392 sapling1415 springa1450 sipling1513 spear1543 gelding1562 saple1589 tiller1664 treeling1847 timberline1867 treelet1874 pole1882 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva iii. iv. §29 (Charcoal) This [ladder] they usually make of a curved Tiller fit to apply to the convex shape of the heap. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Tillar (in Husbandry), a small Tree left to grow till it be fellable. 1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 50 They are obliged to leave sixteen Tillers on an Acre. 1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature (1834) I. 322 First shoots up a tender twig, which then becomes a sapling, a waiver, a tellar, and at last a perfect oak laden with acorns. 1794 W. Pearce Agric. Berks. 55 [They] permit their labourers, during the winter months, to take up the old roots, from which no heir or teller is rising. 1831 On Planting (Libr. Useful Knowl.) vii. 92 Tiller or Tellar, a shoot selected..from those produced by a coppice-stool to stand for a timber-tree. 1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. Teller, Tillow.., a young oak tree. 1878 Notes & Queries 5th Ser. 10 223 The lessee covenants not to cut down tellows and stemners. 3. One of the lateral shoots from the base of the stalk of corn or grass or other herbaceous plant. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun] > sucker or side-shoot scourgea1382 by-sprouting1562 sucker1577 lateral1578 offset1642 spiney1649 side shoot1658 appendix1664 by-shoot1669 water sprout1688 turion1725 tiller1733 surculus1775 suckler1796 suckling1798 offshoot1814 stool1818 base shoot1835 side-tiller1903 toe1952 1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry xi. 61 The same Plant that when poor sends out but Two or Three Tillers, would if well Nourish'd..send up a Multitude of Tillers, as is seen in Ho'd Wheat and Sown Wheat. 1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Pract. Treat. Husbandry i. xiv. 70 New stalks, or, as some call it, tillers. 1764 Museum Rusticum (1765) 3 xii. 46 If the season is lost to encrease the number of tillers, we may enlarge the ears. 1811 W. Leslie Gen. View Agric. Nairn & Moray Gloss. Tiller, the rising blade of growing corn shooting out several stems from one seed. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Telly, a single stalk of grass or corn.] This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online September 2021). † tillern.⁴ Etymology: apparently < till n.¹ + -er suffix¹, ? after drawer. Obsolete. rare. = till n.¹ 1. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > box > [noun] > drawer till1452 draw box1531 drawer1565 draw1605 shuttle1626 tiller1693 1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires vi. 104 Search her Cabinet and thou shalt find Each Tiller there, with Love Epistles lin'd. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2021). tillerv. Brit. /ˈtɪlə/, U.S. /ˈtɪlər/ Forms: Also 1600s tillar, 1800s tillow. Etymology: < tiller n.³ a. intransitive. Of corn or other plants: To produce ‘tillers’ or side shoots from the root or base of the stem; also said of the shoots thus arising. Also with out, forth. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth spriteOE wrideOE brodc1175 comea1225 spirec1325 chicka1400 sprouta1400 germin?1440 germ1483 chip?a1500 spurgea1500 to put forth1530 shootc1560 spear1570 stock1574 chit1601 breward1609 pullulate1618 ysproutc1620 egerminate1623 put1623 germinate1626 sprent1647 fruticate1657 stalk1666 tiller1677 breerc1700 fork1707 to put out1731 stool1770 sucker1802 stir1843 push1855 braird1865 fibre1869 flush1877 the world > plants > by growth or development > grow, sprout, or bear fruit [verb (transitive)] > sprout or put forth new growth cast1340 burgeon1382 shoot1526 sprit1559 sprout1574 to put forth1592 to cast forth1611 to put out1614 emit1660 push1676 tiller1677 to throw out1733 to throw up1735 tillerate1762 flush1877 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 245 The Seed in the rich [Land] does tillar, i.e. sprout into several blades and spread on the ground. 1731 J. Tull New Horse-houghing Husbandry 146 More Stalks would have Tillered out. 1743 Sel. Trans. Soc. Improvers Knowl. Agric. Scotl. 24 Clover-plants, when they have room to grow, tiller or stool, and employ more Ground than those of Corn. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 463 Oats do not tiller so much as other grains. 1813 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Hants 196 The more that the crown of this plant is..divided, the greater disposition it has to stool and tillow forth in additional stems and succours. 1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 406 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV It [wheat] tillered astonishingly, as many as fifty heads growing from one kernel. b. transitive. To throw out (stalks, etc.) by tillering. ΚΠ 1787 G. Winter New Syst. Husbandry 207 The roots of the drilled [wheat] tillered out from ten or twelve to upwards of thirty stalks on each root. Derivatives ˈtillered adj. having several shoots or stems springing from one root. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [adjective] > having or of the nature of shoot, runner, or sucker surculous1597 tillered1733 soboliferous1753 turioniferous1828 surculose1845 1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry vii. 33 These Tillered Ho'd Stalks, if they were planted sparsim all over the Interval, it might seem well cover'd. 1885 W. K. Parker Mammalian Descent vi. 158 The multiplied (or tillered) stems of a wheat-plant. ˈtillering n.² and adj. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [noun] > other processes tillering1764 puddling1773 sulphuring1891 lingering1907 1764 Museum Rusticum (1765) 3 xii. 46 There is a particular season for its tillering, or spreading; another for its upright growth. 1840 C. Howard Farming at Ridgemont 137 in Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) III By a rapid and early vegetation of the wheat, the tillering branches of the young plant are apt to exhaust themselves. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c1300n.²14..n.³a1000n.⁴1693v.1677
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