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单词 thy
释义

thyadj.

Brit. /ðʌɪ/, U.S. /ðaɪ/
Forms:

α. early Middle English ði, early Middle English þr (transmission error), Middle English þe (rare), Middle English the (rare), Middle English thi, Middle English þhi, Middle English thii, Middle English þi, Middle English þy, Middle English– thy, late Middle English þei, late Middle English þey, late Middle English thei, late Middle English they, late Middle English thye; English regional 1700s–1800s thaw (northern), 1800s theye (Northumberland), 1800s– tha, 1800s– thah (Yorkshire), 1800s– thai (south-western), 1800s– the (northern), 1800s– thee, 1800s– they (Yorkshire), 1800s– thi, 1800s– thoi (Lancashire), 2000s– thi' (northern); Scottish pre-1700 thai, pre-1700 thay, pre-1700 thi, pre-1700 1700s– thy, 1800s thei, 1800s– thee (Orkney).

β. Middle English di, Middle English dy, Middle English ti, Middle English (1600s in representations of Irish English) ty; English regional 1800s te, 1800s teh, 1800s tey; Scottish (Shetland) 1800s dye, 1800s– di, 1800s– dy, 1900s– dee, 1900s– die.

γ. Chiefly northern, north-east midlands, and Norfolk in later use Middle English ȝi, Middle English ye (rare), Middle English yhi, Middle English yi, Middle English yy; Scottish pre-1700 yi.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: thine adj. and pron.
Etymology: Variant of thine adj. and pron. with loss of final -n , used originally before consonants except h , which ultimately became (in standard English) the usual form of the second person singular possessive adjective, before its replacement in most contexts in standard English by your adj. On the history of use of thy adj. relative to your adj. see general discussion of second person forms at thou pron. and n.1 and at you pron., adj., and n.The history of use of forms without final -n relative to the use of forms with final -n (i.e. thine adj.) closely resembles that of my adj. in relation to mine adj.: compare summary at my adj., int., and pron. The β. forms occur in Middle English chiefly after words ending in -d or -t . With the γ. forms compare γ. forms at thou pron. and n.1 and discussion at that entry.
The possessive adjective corresponding to thou pron.
Of or belonging to thee. Cf. your adj.In later use regional, archaic, and in religious language: see the etymological note to thou pron. and n.1
ΚΠ
a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Initio Creaturae (Vesp. A.xxii) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 225 Ic wille halden þe ennen and ti [OE Royal þin] wif and þine þreo sunes.
a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 57 (MED) Þi nome beo iblecced.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 79 Þi steuene is me swete & þi wlite schene.
a1275 St. Margaret (Trin. Cambr.) l. 63 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 22 Yef þi wille were, þe holi gost þou me sende.
c1300 Body & Soul (Laud Misc. 108) (1889) 27 Ȝwere beon..Þi cendels and þi riche palles?
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 330 Enter þis ark with þyn aþel barnez & þy wedded wyf.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Ruth i. 16 Thi puple is my puple, and thi God is my God.
a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 71 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 301 Let not þi spone stond in þy dysche.
?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) i. xx. sig. Bviiiv Lift vp thy iyen to heuen.
1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 4131 in Wks. (1931) I Perfytlie prent in yi remembrance Off this Inconstante warld the variance.
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lx. 41 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 67 Against distressing foes Lett us thy succour finde.
1613 E. Cary Trag. Mariam i. iii. sig. B2 Thou Mongrell: issu'd from reiected race, Thy Ancestors against the Heauens did fight.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 153 These are thy glorious works, Parent of good. View more context for this quotation
1702 in Mem. Hist. Soc. Pennsylvania (1870) IX. 125 Thy affairs here require a speedy hand.
1778 R. Lowth Isaiah xxvi. 19 Thy dew is as the dew of the dawn.
1816 J. Wilson City of Plague i. i. 124 Do not I Look, as I feel, most like thy murderer?
1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 19 Turn, Fortune, turn thy wheel and lower the proud.
1879 E. Waugh Chimney Corner 76 ‘Gi' me thi hond, Billy,’ said the landlord.
1911 E. Pound Canzoni 5 Guerdoned by thy sun-gold traces.
1980 Alternative Service Bk. 717 Lord of all power and might,..graft in our hearts the love of thy name.
2000 in S. J. Charlesworth Phenomenol. Working Class Experience vii. 259 If tha loses thi' job, if tha like thee tha fucked, tha ca't gu t' w'k.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

thyadv.pron.

Forms: early Old English thi, Old English þy, Old English–early Middle English þi, Old English–early Middle English ði, Old English–early Middle English ðy, early Middle English hy (transmission error), early Middle English þyȝ.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: the pron.2
Etymology: Originally (in Old English) specific uses of the neuter instrumental case of the demonstrative pronoun se , sēo , þæt (see the adj., pron.2, and n.1). Compare thon adv., the adv.Compare in similar use the following continental West Germanic instrumental forms in combination with a preposition (compare sense B.): Old Frisian thiu , Old Saxon thiu , Old High German diu (Middle High German diu ); and forms probably instrumental in origin used with a following comparative (compare sense A. 2): Old Frisian thi , the , tho , Old High German the , thi ; as well as the Gothic particle þe (see the conj. and pron.1) attested in both uses. The origin and relationship of the Old English instrumental forms þon (see thon adv. and pron.1), þȳ , and the fossilized þē̆ (see the adv.) are uncertain and disputed; for conflicting suggestions see A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §709, R. M. Hogg & R. D. Fulk Gram. Old Eng. (2011) II. §5.7, D. Ringe & A. Taylor Devel. Old Eng. (2014) 389–90.
Obsolete.
A. adv.
1.
a. For that reason, therefore. Also in relative use: for which reason, wherefore. Cf. the adv. 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [adverb]
thyeOE
therebyc897
theOE
thereforec1175
soa1200
hereforc1200
for that sakea1375
ipso facto1548
hence1571
argal1604
eo ipso1696
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xxviii. 193 Ðy him is micel ðearf, ðonne he tela lærð, ðæt he eac tela doo.
eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. xxxvi. 86 Smire mid hunige þæt þy þe raþor sio hryfing of fealle.
OE Beowulf (2008) 2067 Þy ic Heaðobear[d]na hyldo ne telge, dryhtsibbe dæl Denum unfæcne, freondscipe fæstne.
a1200 (?OE) MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 205 (MED) Two þing ben in þe manne: on his þat..faire kinde..þat oðer is wilfulshipe and lichamliche lustes..þi ne mai no man gode folȝen.
a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily In Die Sancto Pentecosten (Lamb. 487) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 93 Þi bileafden heo heore timbrunge.
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 860 (MED) Ich rede þi þat men bo ȝare.
a1300 Woman of Samaria l. 39 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 85 Ich wot..Þat þu me hauest soþ iseyd..Þi of one þinge sey me iredynesse.
b. Because. Cf. the adv. 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [adverb] > because
thyeOE
theOE
asOE
forwhyc1200
whenc1230
forsomuch1454
insomuch asc1500
whenas1551
insomuch1605
'cos1887
eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 787 On his dagum cuomon ærest iii scipu, & þa se gerefa þærto rad & hie wolde drifan to þæs cyninges tune þy he nyste hwæt hie wæron.
OE Genesis A (1931) 2626 Hæleðum sægde þæt Sarra his sweostor wære, Abraham wordum (bearh his aldre), þy he wiste gearwe þæt he winemaga, on folce lyt freonda hæfde.
?c1250 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Egerton) l. 378 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 183 (MED) Ne beod heore eȝe naht alle iliche brihte ði nabbed hi nouht iliche alle of godes lihte.
2.
a. Used with a following comparative adjective or adverb to emphasize the effect of circumstances indicated by the context. Also in the correlative construction thy ——, thy ——, denoting proportional dependence between the notions expressed by two clauses which each contain a comparative. Cf. the adv. 1a, 1c.
ΚΠ
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) Pref. 5 Hie..woldon ðæt her ðy mara wisdom on londe wære ðy we ma geðeoda cuðon.
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xvii. 123 [Oft] sio wund bið ðæs ðe wierse & ðy mare, gif h[i]o bið unwærlice gewriðen.
OE Riddle 9 11 Mec seo friþe mæg fedde siþþan, oþþæt ic aweox, widdor meahte siþas asettan. Heo hæfde swæsra þy læs suna ond dohtra, þy heo swa dyde.
OE tr. Medicina de Quadrupedibus (Vitell.) xii. 268 Wifgemanan to donne, nim drige fearres sceallan, wyrc to dust[e], oððe elcor gnid on win, & drince gelome, he bið þy gearwra [?a1200 Harl. 6258B þe ȝearra] to wifþingum.
b. thy less (the): lest. Cf. the adv. 1b.
ΚΠ
OE Cynewulf Juliana 649 Forþon ic, leof weorud, læran wille..þæt ge eower hus gefæstnige, þy læs hit ferblædum windas toweorpan.
OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) iii. 78 Waciaþ, for ðy, an gyrnesse, for þam ge nyton hwænne dryhten cumende bið,..þy læs, þonne he cume, he eow slæpende gemete.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) v. 223 Nelle we ðas race na leng teon, þy læs þe hit eow æþryt ðince.
c1175 ( Homily in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 56 Waciȝæð..þyȝ læs ðe he eow slæpende finde þenne he cymæð.
a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Duodecim Abusivis (Lamb. 487) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 117 Vnderfoð steore þi les ðe [OE Corpus Cambr. 178 þe læs þe] god iwurðe wrað wið eou.
B. pron.
In combination with a preposition. mid thy: when, while, it being the case that, seeing that. to thy: to that end or purpose. See also for-thy conj.
ΚΠ
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) i. xvi. 66 Mid þy an geleafa is & seondon missenlice gewunan ciricena, oðer gewuna is mæssesonga in þære halgan Romaniscan cirican & oðer is hæfd in Gallia rice.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) i. 183 Þa ongeat se deofol þæt Adam & Eua wæron to ðy [a1225 Vesp. A.xxii toði] gesceapene, þæt hi sceoldon mid eadmodnysse..geearnian ða wununge on heofenan rice.
OE tr. Alexander's Let. to Aristotle (1995) §29. 242 Mid þy ic þa wolde near geseon & sceawigon, ða flugon hie sona in þa wæter.
OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Corpus Oxf.) v. xvii. 458 Mid þy he þa gena wæs begeondan sæ wuniende, het Oswio se cynincg gehalgian to bysceope on Eoforwicceastre Ceaddan þone halgan wer.
OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. i. 28 Mid þy Peohtas wif næfdon, bædon him fram Scottum.
c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 12 Þu ðe þa ræden sæ adruȝian læte þa we ðærofer faren scolden to ðy þæt ðu us nerian woldest.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.a1225adv.pron.eOE
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