-insuffix¹

Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: -ine suffix⁵.

Etymology: Variant of -ine suffix⁵, originally after formations in the equivalent German suffix -in (as e.g., in the late 18th cent., olivin , variant of olivine n.).In the early 19th cent. spellings of words formed in -ine suffix⁵ often vary between -ine and -in more or less indiscriminately (compare forms at albumin n., aniline n., benzine n., gelatin n., glycerine n., saponin n.). Words formed within English that are spelt with -in in their earliest use include e.g. haematin n., lignin n., ulmin n. A formal distinction between the two spellings in chemical nomenclature (as explained at the definition) was proposed by A. W. von Hofmann, director of the Royal College of Chemistry (a1860), used systematically in Watts's Dict. Chem. (1866), and subsequently adopted by the (London) Chemical Society.

Chemistry and Biochemistry.

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Used to form the names of discrete substances extracted from living organisms or their products. In later use spec. forming the names of neutral compounds, such as glycerides, glucosides, proteins, which are thus distinguished from the names of alkaloids and other basic substances ending in -ine (cf. -ine suffix⁵ and see note in etymology). Examples include: (plant extracts) alizarin, aloin, coumarin, curcumin, dextrin, inulin, lignin, palmitin, pectin, salicin, vanillin; (proteins and their derivatives) albumin, casein, chondrin, fibrin, gelatin, globulin, myosin, pepsin; (other substances) allantoin, chitin, chromatin, insulin, lecithin, penicillin, prostaglandin, purpurin. Also forming the names of certain non-nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds with six-membered rings, as dioxin.In some cases, forms spelt with -ine had passed into popular use before the formalization of the nomenclature, such as dextrine, gelatine, glycerine, which are still commonly so spelt in non-scientific use. For the naming of enzymes, -in (as in pepsin, trypsin) has been displaced by -ase (see -ase suffix).See also -ein suffix, -mycin suffix, -trophin comb. form, -tropin comb. form.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021).

-insuffix²

Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: -ine suffix¹.

Etymology: Variant of -ine suffix¹, chiefly representing the French (masculine) form -in , as e.g. in maselin n.Found as the usual or only form of the suffix in a small number of later formations, chiefly nouns, as e.g. Picardin n., pellagrin n., triungulin adj. and n.

= -ine suffix¹.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021).

-insuffix³

Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element, but the vowel in this suffix is never reduced.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: in adv.

Etymology: < in adv., after sit-in n., stay-in adj. at stay v.¹ Compounds 2, and perhaps also lock-in n.

1. Forming nouns in combination with a verb stem, denoting a protest in which a number of people carry out the action expressed by the first element, e.g. camp-in, hate-in, kiss-in, kneel-in, pray-in, sew-in, stand-in, wade-in; occasionally with an adjective as the first element, e.g. fat-in, gay-in, nude-in. Also forming nouns designating a participant in the protest or gathering, e.g. kneeler-in, wader-in.Originally, in the early 1960s, such protests were carried out by African Americans against racial segregation in the United States.See also die-in n., fish-in n., live-in n. 2, love-in n. 1, paint-in n., read-in n.² 1, sick-in n., sleep-in n. 1, stall-in n., streak-in n. at streak v.² Derivatives, swim-in n.

ΚΠ

1960 Newsweek 16 May 34/1 Into the already-roiled waters of the South, Negroes will wade this summer in a campaign to break down segregation at public beaches—a wade-in counterpart to the widespread lunch-counter sit-ins of recent weeks.

1960 in Amer. Speech (1961) 36 282 Negro college students have initiated a new ‘kneel-in’ campaign..by attending services at white protestant Atlanta churches.

1961 in Amer. Speech 36 282 He called for walk-ins in art galleries and museums, drive-ins at segregated motels and roadside ice cream stands, sit-ins in court rooms, study-ins at segregated schools, and bury-ins to integrate cemeteries.

1961 in Amer. Speech 36 282 Negro teen-aged boys in an impromptu swim-in at an undesignated beach drew a crowd of 300 shoving, shouting Memorial Day bathers and boaters yesterday.

1963 Time 30 Aug. 12 The ‘pray-in’ at churches.

1967 Daily Tel. 3 Mar. 23/7 A ‘kiss-in’ to protest against Michigan University's stern regulations on ‘public displays of affection’ was described by students last night as the most enjoyable form of demonstration yet devised.

1967 Observer 11 June 10 If everyone was fat there'd be no war. No one would pass the physical.—A speaker at the New York Central Park ‘Fat-in’.

1967 Listener 10 Aug. 188/3 This is a very exciting inversion of psychedelic soulfulness, a hate-in.

1968 Lebende Sprachen 13 68/1 Their action fits into a wave of unofficial, unconnected nude-ins so far this year in Golden Gate Park, starting with freebeachers dancing nude at the great be-in.

1968 N.Y. Times 26 May 71/3 As illustrated by the extra squads of policemen patrolling the Capitol, there is a latent fear in Congress that the camp-in will set off violence.

1970 Rochester (N.Y.) Democrat & Chron. 20 May 10 c/4 A march to Central Park for a ‘gay-in’.

1973 Daily Tel. 3 Dec. 13/8 College catering would be disrupted by students alternately boycotting canteens and then holding mass eat-ins.

1991 Chicago Tribune 30 Nov. i. 5/3 Gay rights activists staged a ‘marry-in’ at the County Building's Marriage Bureau.

2003 Oxf. Amer. Jan. 22/1 Aleck's Barbecue Heaven in Atlanta, where Martin Luther King Jr. and his lieutenants plotted marches and sit-ins, kneel-ins, and wade-ins.

2. More generally, forming nouns in combination with a verb stem, denoting a gathering for the purpose of the action expressed by the first element, e.g. cook-in, forge-in, sew-in, wed-in.See also be-in n., laugh-in n., love-in n. 2, rave-in n., read-in n.² 2, slim-in n., smoke-in n., talk-in n., teach-in n., think-in n.

ΚΠ

1966 Daily Tel. 12 Aug. 11/3 William Bryden-Smith, aged 10, who wrote to us, wants to take part in the cook-in.

1967 Telegraph (Brisbane) 30 June 12 Nine young couples are determined to go ahead with New York's latest open air opus—a ‘wed-in’.

1987 E. Fair Right Stuff for New Hang Glider Pilots xviii. 108 Group ‘moan-ins’ about the weather are fun.

1997 High Country News 8 Dec. 3/2 To head off a mine during the '70s, locals held dances and ski-ins.

1999 Brit. Blacksmith Summer 20/1 The first forge-in that Tony and his wife Sue attended was Bob Oakes' opening of his new forge.

2003 Quilter's Newsletter Mag. July 11/1 The magazine's fourth all-day sew-in.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021).

suffix¹

suffix²

suffix³1960

单词	-in
释义	-insuffix¹ Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: -ine suffix⁵. Etymology: Variant of -ine suffix⁵, originally after formations in the equivalent German suffix -in (as e.g., in the late 18th cent., olivin , variant of olivine n.).In the early 19th cent. spellings of words formed in -ine suffix⁵ often vary between -ine and -in more or less indiscriminately (compare forms at albumin n., aniline n., benzine n., gelatin n., glycerine n., saponin n.). Words formed within English that are spelt with -in in their earliest use include e.g. haematin n., lignin n., ulmin n. A formal distinction between the two spellings in chemical nomenclature (as explained at the definition) was proposed by A. W. von Hofmann, director of the Royal College of Chemistry (a1860), used systematically in Watts's Dict. Chem. (1866), and subsequently adopted by the (London) Chemical Society. Chemistry and Biochemistry. Categories » Used to form the names of discrete substances extracted from living organisms or their products. In later use spec. forming the names of neutral compounds, such as glycerides, glucosides, proteins, which are thus distinguished from the names of alkaloids and other basic substances ending in -ine (cf. -ine suffix⁵ and see note in etymology). Examples include: (plant extracts) alizarin, aloin, coumarin, curcumin, dextrin, inulin, lignin, palmitin, pectin, salicin, vanillin; (proteins and their derivatives) albumin, casein, chondrin, fibrin, gelatin, globulin, myosin, pepsin; (other substances) allantoin, chitin, chromatin, insulin, lecithin, penicillin, prostaglandin, purpurin. Also forming the names of certain non-nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds with six-membered rings, as dioxin.In some cases, forms spelt with -ine had passed into popular use before the formalization of the nomenclature, such as dextrine, gelatine, glycerine, which are still commonly so spelt in non-scientific use. For the naming of enzymes, -in (as in pepsin, trypsin) has been displaced by -ase (see -ase suffix).See also -ein suffix, -mycin suffix, -trophin comb. form, -tropin comb. form. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021). -insuffix² Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: -ine suffix¹. Etymology: Variant of -ine suffix¹, chiefly representing the French (masculine) form -in , as e.g. in maselin n.Found as the usual or only form of the suffix in a small number of later formations, chiefly nouns, as e.g. Picardin n., pellagrin n., triungulin adj. and n. = -ine suffix¹. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021). -insuffix³ Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element, but the vowel in this suffix is never reduced. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: in adv. Etymology: < in adv., after sit-in n., stay-in adj. at stay v.¹ Compounds 2, and perhaps also lock-in n. 1. Forming nouns in combination with a verb stem, denoting a protest in which a number of people carry out the action expressed by the first element, e.g. camp-in, hate-in, kiss-in, kneel-in, pray-in, sew-in, stand-in, wade-in; occasionally with an adjective as the first element, e.g. fat-in, gay-in, nude-in. Also forming nouns designating a participant in the protest or gathering, e.g. kneeler-in, wader-in.Originally, in the early 1960s, such protests were carried out by African Americans against racial segregation in the United States.See also die-in n., fish-in n., live-in n. 2, love-in n. 1, paint-in n., read-in n.² 1, sick-in n., sleep-in n. 1, stall-in n., streak-in n. at streak v.² Derivatives, swim-in n. ΚΠ 1960 Newsweek 16 May 34/1 Into the already-roiled waters of the South, Negroes will wade this summer in a campaign to break down segregation at public beaches—a wade-in counterpart to the widespread lunch-counter sit-ins of recent weeks. 1960 in Amer. Speech (1961) 36 282 Negro college students have initiated a new ‘kneel-in’ campaign..by attending services at white protestant Atlanta churches. 1961 in Amer. Speech 36 282 He called for walk-ins in art galleries and museums, drive-ins at segregated motels and roadside ice cream stands, sit-ins in court rooms, study-ins at segregated schools, and bury-ins to integrate cemeteries. 1961 in Amer. Speech 36 282 Negro teen-aged boys in an impromptu swim-in at an undesignated beach drew a crowd of 300 shoving, shouting Memorial Day bathers and boaters yesterday. 1963 Time 30 Aug. 12 The ‘pray-in’ at churches. 1967 Daily Tel. 3 Mar. 23/7 A ‘kiss-in’ to protest against Michigan University's stern regulations on ‘public displays of affection’ was described by students last night as the most enjoyable form of demonstration yet devised. 1967 Observer 11 June 10 If everyone was fat there'd be no war. No one would pass the physical.—A speaker at the New York Central Park ‘Fat-in’. 1967 Listener 10 Aug. 188/3 This is a very exciting inversion of psychedelic soulfulness, a hate-in. 1968 Lebende Sprachen 13 68/1 Their action fits into a wave of unofficial, unconnected nude-ins so far this year in Golden Gate Park, starting with freebeachers dancing nude at the great be-in. 1968 N.Y. Times 26 May 71/3 As illustrated by the extra squads of policemen patrolling the Capitol, there is a latent fear in Congress that the camp-in will set off violence. 1970 Rochester (N.Y.) Democrat & Chron. 20 May 10 c/4 A march to Central Park for a ‘gay-in’. 1973 Daily Tel. 3 Dec. 13/8 College catering would be disrupted by students alternately boycotting canteens and then holding mass eat-ins. 1991 Chicago Tribune 30 Nov. i. 5/3 Gay rights activists staged a ‘marry-in’ at the County Building's Marriage Bureau. 2003 Oxf. Amer. Jan. 22/1 Aleck's Barbecue Heaven in Atlanta, where Martin Luther King Jr. and his lieutenants plotted marches and sit-ins, kneel-ins, and wade-ins. 2. More generally, forming nouns in combination with a verb stem, denoting a gathering for the purpose of the action expressed by the first element, e.g. cook-in, forge-in, sew-in, wed-in.See also be-in n., laugh-in n., love-in n. 2, rave-in n., read-in n.² 2, slim-in n., smoke-in n., talk-in n., teach-in n., think-in n. ΚΠ 1966 Daily Tel. 12 Aug. 11/3 William Bryden-Smith, aged 10, who wrote to us, wants to take part in the cook-in. 1967 Telegraph (Brisbane) 30 June 12 Nine young couples are determined to go ahead with New York's latest open air opus—a ‘wed-in’. 1987 E. Fair Right Stuff for New Hang Glider Pilots xviii. 108 Group ‘moan-ins’ about the weather are fun. 1997 High Country News 8 Dec. 3/2 To head off a mine during the '70s, locals held dances and ski-ins. 1999 Brit. Blacksmith Summer 20/1 The first forge-in that Tony and his wife Sue attended was Bob Oakes' opening of his new forge. 2003 Quilter's Newsletter Mag. July 11/1 The magazine's fourth all-day sew-in. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021). < suffix¹suffix²suffix³1960
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-insuffix1

-insuffix2

-insuffix3

-insuffix¹

-insuffix²

-insuffix³