| 释义 |
botchn.1 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French boche, bosse. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman bouche, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French boche, variants of Anglo-Norman bos, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French boce, Anglo-Norman and Middle French bose, bosse (French bosse ) boss n.1 Compare post-classical Latin bocium (13th cent. in a British source), bocia (from 14th cent. in continental sources), bocius (15th cent. in a continental source), and forms in the Romance languages cited at boss n.1In senses 1 and 2 often associated with bouge n.1, bulge n., bulch n.1, bunch n.1, all attested in Middle English in similar senses. The β. forms are perhaps reinforced by association with bouge n.1 (compare bouge n.1 2); the Anglo-Norman form bouche may reflect similar association with Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French bouge bouge n.1 (compare the Anglo-Norman variant bouche of that word). It is uncertain whether the following isolated use, apparently denoting a medallion or print on a piece of silverware (compare boss n.1 3d, bossell n.), shows the same word:1538 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 135 iij candylstyke of lattyn, on sylver pece wyth the bowche of the letter in the botom. the world > animals > animal body > general parts > body and limbs > [noun] > hump the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [noun] > hump back > hump c1330 (Auch.) (1889) 56 Sum [fendes] were rogged and rowe tayled, Wiþ brode boches [c1300 Laud bulches; c1390 Vernon bunches] on her bak. a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xxx. 6 Berende..vp on the bocche [a1425 L.V. botche; L. umeros] of camailes ther tresores. a1400 tr. Lanfranc (Ashm.) (1894) 226 (MED) A greet boch þat comeþ of þe passioun of the riggeboon. a1400 (a1325) (Gött.) l. 8087 Crumplid knes, and bouch [Trin. Cambr. bouche, Vesp. boce] on bac. c1450 (c1440) S. Scrope in tr. C. de Pisan (Longleat) (1904) 54 A chamel hath but oo boche on the bake and evyl ryche man hath ii, on of evil possessions and þe tothir of synnes. a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 707/36 Hic gibbus, a boche in bake. 1519 W. Horman iii. f. 30 The bounche or botche [L. gibbus] is so boystous, that it can vnneth be bounde vp with a trussar. 2. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > swelling > [noun] > a swelling or protuberance the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [noun] > a suppuration > abscess > boil a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 299 (MED) Men þat woneþ toward þat side of Burgoyne haueþ bocches vnder þe chyn..as þey he were double chynned. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. xix. 201 Þe mouþ is..i-greued wiþ pymples and bleynes, and wiþ whelkes and bocchis. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xx. l. 83 Byles, and bocches and brennyng agues. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (Paris) (1971) 127 (MED) Þe cancre þat is a bocche [L. vlcus]. 1481 W. Caxton tr. ii. xiv. sig. g5 Plente of wymmen that haue botches vnder the chynn. 1547 A. Borde i. f. xv In englyshe it [sc. Vlcera] is named byles or botches. 1634 J. Canne ii. 89 This great wickednesse, which causeth spirituall botches and sores. 1665 W. Kemp 92 The Botch is a swelling about the bignesse of a Nutmeg, Wallnut, or Hens Egge, and cometh in the Neck, or behind the Eares. 1667 J. Milton xii. 180 Botches and blaines must all his flesh imboss. View more context for this quotation 1786 R. Burns 60 While scabs an' botches did him gall, Wi' bitter claw. 1876 F. K. Robinson Botches, sore places. 1928 25 Feb. 319/2 Four principal outward manifestations of the plague were noticed—namely, the botch or bubo, the carbuncle, the token, and the blain. 2005 L. Kassell (2007) ii. v. 113 He also added information about signs of plague and death, significance of botches and carbuncles, symptoms of the disease, and a remedy. the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > tumour a1425 Edward, Duke of York (Digby) vi. 40 Bocches [c1425 Vesp. B.xii Boocches] that commeth to þe swyne vndre þe shulders. 1486 sig. cvii Booches that growe in an hawkis Iowe. 1566 T. Blundeville Order curing Horses Dis. cvi. f. 78, in The humors will resort into the weakest parts, and theyr gather together, and brede a botch. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach iii. f. 134v The Gargyse, is a swelling beside the eye vppon the bone, like a botch, or a byle. 1579 S. Gosson f. 1v It is the custome of the flie to leaue the sound places of the horse, and sucke at the botch. 1607 E. Topsell 395 A botch..in the hinder parts betwixt the thighes. 1729 R. Bradley 232 When any Botch or Boil appears upon a Bullock, take White Lilly Roots, and boil them in a Quart or three Pints of Milk till they are soft. 1826 129 When you dress this botch, or boil, have particular regard to scrape off, or clean, the boil and the wounded part from the little blisters or pustules. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > eruptive diseases > [noun] a1425 (c1395) (Royal) (1850) Deut. xxviii. 27 The Lord smyte thee with the botche [E.V. a1425 Corpus Oxf. byil; L. ulcere] of Egipt. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine f. xxii/1 A grete pestelence, whiche was called the botche of impedymye. 1526 Rev. xvi. 2 There fell a noysom and a sore botche apon the men. 1534 MS Rec. Aberdeen in J. Jamieson (1825) Suppl. at Boiche Ane seyknes & smyttand plaig callit the boiche. 1570 P. Levens sig. Oivv/1 Botch, pestilentia. 1771 J. Dove p. xxi They will be joined by the sidrophils, the vicars of Bray, and all those infected with the botch of Egypt. 1842 H. Taylor iii. viii. 173 The Lord shall smite him with the botch of Egypt. 1893 F. L. Dibble i. 23 Not the plagues and the botch and the emerods of the Egyptians would seize them, but worse. 1958 8 16/1 Among Jehovah's terrible curses for disobedience were blasting and mildew; locusts and caterpillars; the botch of Egypt, scab, and itch; and blindness and madness. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). botchn.2 Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: botch v.1 Etymology: < botch v.1 Compare earlier botch n.1, which some instances could alternatively be taken as showing, and also bodge n.2 1579 S. Gosson i. f. 11v Euery man is desirous, if he haue a blot in his paper, or a botch in his verse.., to heare of the same. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. i. 135 To leaue no Rubs nor Botches in the Worke. View more context for this quotation 1645 J. Milton 49 Let it stick as a notorious botch of deformity. 1771 ‘Muscipula Sen.’ 7 The Taylor made no Botch when he fix'd the Sleeve on the Pocket-hole. 1876 Feb. 502/1 Such a thoughtful architect as he is would have left no flaw nor botches in his work. 1954 B. Braley in Sept. 264 Wood putty can cover Defects in the wood But can't hide bad botches You hoped that it could. 1992 78 345/1 A mixture of iron filings.., resin and lampblack was..poured into the defect. When hardened and polished, the botch was hard to detect. society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > inelegance > [noun] > unsuitable word 1601 Bp. W. Barlow v. 208 They..misconstrue them..with a botch, sewing a newe peece to an old garment, by adding to the Texte, that which was not there originally. 1612 tr. P. de Mornay 64 Nothing can be added, but in the manner of a botch, quite contrary to the nature of the first Law giuers intent. 1693 J. Dennis iii. 25 Every Epithet is to be look'd upon as a Botch, which does not add to the thought. a1745 J. Swift On Union in (1746) VIII. 314 By way of Botch, She piec'd it up again with Scotch. 1780 J. Wesley Pref. p. v In these Hymns there is no doggerel, no botches. 1809 B. Boothby 217 To rhyme [œuf] to bœuf is a botch, and the whole is but indifferent. 1861 A. Beresford-Hope vi. 220 A design for a town church..in which the difficulties of accommodation are honestly recognized and boldly grappled with, not by botches and makeshifts. 1874 7 Feb. 139/1 We want no sickly patching up, no temporary botch. 1916 Apr. 179/1 More is wanted than..makeshift side curtains and celluloid lights... Such an arrangement is at best but a botch. 1946 10 May 166/1 They will not hold a large/heavy lens safely, and more important still they are a botch—makeshift—what you will. the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [noun] > unskilful action or working > clumsy or bungled work the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > do something unskilfully [verb (intransitive)] > manage something unskilfully 1648 R. Herrick sig. G2v Learne of me what Woman is. Something made of thred and thrumme; A meere Botch of all and some. 1674 ‘Theophilus Philalethes’ 7 The said Balconies are now but a botch, in comparison of what they might have been. ?1721 T. Foxton Char. Fine Gentleman 43 in It is altogether unreasonable to require that divine Providence should..interrupt the course of nature, (which would look but like a botch or bungle). 1845 Ld. Campbell II. lvi. 416 When he tries to be light and airy, we have such a botch as might have been expected. 1855 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 13 July in (1997) I. iii. 238 I have made a miserable botch of this description. 1913 10 41 The imitation was slavish... What a hopeless botch it was! 1967 Sept. 176 Choosing the right paint roller..can mean the difference between professional results and a complete botch. 1998 S. Lawrence 166 He had made such a botch of washing his clothes that Sofia had..done them all over again. the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > soiled condition > [noun] > stained condition > stain > blotch 1699 W. Wotton tr. L. E. Du Pin XIII. xii. 168 The Transcriber..perhaps, because his Pen being over-charg'd with Red Ink, had made a Botch. 1715 No. 5365/4 The other 4 [Sheep] cropt on the Right Ear, and a black Botch on the Left Hipp. 1882 23 Dec. 553/1 Lip white, with a cinnabar botch on the disc. 1988 H. W. Art 22 Each of the fan-shaped petals has a darker red botch toward its base. 2014 H. Eyre 250 Annie wants me to cover my Mark..so it were only a slight raised welter on my cheek, not a liver-coloured botch. 5. the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > [noun] > one who or that which is unsuccessful > one who is a failure the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > person of weak intellect > confused, muddled person > [noun] 1769 16 (note) Even the famous cup which Oswald Nerlinge made..must appear, if opposed by a common seed, as the work of a botch. 1782 D. O'Bryen 54 Surely no statesman can be such a botch at logical distinctions. 1829 J. Kenney ii. i. 24 Some botch of an embalmer, who had not done justice to Your princely remains. 1864 E. A. Murray I. v. 159 The men were not to be trusted, most of them being convicts, or ‘botches’ of one kind or other. 1868 J. C. Atkinson 59 He's nobbut an aud botch. He's mair lahk t'mar an t'mend. 1906 Sept. 31/1 A worker on the common stuff of course can be a botch, as a glance at his work will show. 1966 28 May a14/1 The narrator of this murder story, is a loony, a bungler and a botch. 1984 S. Terkel (1985) ii. ii. 197 I'm a botch as a killer, as a soldier. 2008 R. Miller 109 I mulled over my life so far. I was a botch. I could see no future. the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making footwear > [noun] > processes involved in > repairing or renovating > one who 1855 F. K. Robinson 18 A Botch, a cobbler. Compounds 1747 J. Godfrey 46 If I make a Piece of Botch-Work of it, forgive the poor Anatomist. 1799 Brit. & Foreign Hist. 71/1 The strange botchwork which they had made of it [sc. the bill], adding every day many new clauses. 1873 P. G. Hamerton xi. ii. 406 The vastness of the interval, that separates botch-work from handicraft. 1987 tr. H. Heine in 67 437 We have in fact outgrown deism... And we are not the botchwork of a great mechanic. 2006 S. Virgo 69 We have a fourth hand..at work on this little creation—a very inferior craftsman. But you know..I actually find this botchwork quite charming. 1853 3 Sept. We hope our methodist friends will not allow such a botch job [sc. the new church steps] to occupy so prominent a place for a very long time. 1884 17 May 120/3 I will..file out the high side of the hole..and then ream them, though I don't like to do botch-jobs myself. 1999 D. Mitchell 82 You..tidy up cowboy and DIY botch jobs so they don't burn their houses down. 2001 Nov. 51/1 While she never had particularly romantic notions of childbirth..she wouldn't have predicted such a botch job as this. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). botchv.1 Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. Compare later bodge v.Perhaps related to botch n.1 and boss n.1, although confirmatory evidence appears to be lacking, since neither noun is attested in the sense ‘patch’; however, association with botch n.1 is likely to have influenced the semantic development of this word from a relatively early date, especially in the development of negative connotations (compare later use in sense 1 and especially sense 2). Earlier currency in sense 1 may be implied by use in Middle English surnames and bynames (compare Alex. Bochecolloc (a1284), Paulinus Bothecolloke (1302–3), Ad. Botchecollok (1315), etc., apparently alluding to the mending of tankards, bowls, or buckets: compare collock n.), and perhaps also by the following, in which the compound bochevampe appears in a list of cobbler's tools (compare vamp n.1):?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 156 Heil be ȝe sutters wiþ ȝour mani lestes..trobles and treisuses, bochevampe and alles.Compare also the following instances, which appear to show senses corresponding to those at boss v.1 1, although their relationship with the present word is uncertain:a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 69v Vlcero, to bocche.a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 227 Tho that haue ribbis bocchynge owtwardes, like as they weryn y-swolle, bene yanglours. society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > mending or repairing > [verb (transitive)] society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > mending or repairing > [verb (transitive)] > clumsily or in makeshift manner a1382 (Douce 370) (1850) 2 Chron. xxxiv. 10 That thei enstoren the temple, and eche feble thingus thei bocchyn [a1425 L.V. reparele alle feble thingis; L. infirma quaeque sarcirent]. 1530 J. Palsgrave iii. f. clxxv/1 I botche or patche an olde garment..I have botched my hosen at the heles. 1556 R. Robinson tr. T. More (ed. 2) sig. Giiv Sicke bodies..to be kept and botched vp. a1680 S. Butler (1759) II. 200 He does not mend his Manners, but botch them with Patches of another Stuff and Colour. 1715 26 He intermeddles with Affairs of State, and pretends to mend, or rather botch up, all the Mismanagements thereof. 1716 10 Part of the Nation imagin'd they were perfectly Recover'd, Because they were botch'd up by a Parcel of State-Quacks. 1795 II. xxvii. 225 The servants were endeavouring to botch up the tattered harness. 1840 22 Aug. 2/1 The squabble with France has been amicably botched up. 1863 H. Fawcett iv. ii. 534 Not..botching and patching each single tax, but..contemplating the Revenue as a whole. 1907 June 743 Cairo..has long been botched, and patched, and painted out of all recognition. 1984 G. Webb (new ed.) I. 195 If a mistake is made in cutting the stringing, use a new piece rather than attempt to botch the job. the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > be unskilled in [verb (transitive)] > bungle 1530 J. Palsgrave 461/1 To botche or bungyll a garment as he dothe that is nat a perfyte workeman. 1663 S. Pepys 26 Apr. (1971) IV. 112 Tom coming (with whom I was angry for his botching my camelott coat). 1753 22 Mrs. Dolly hired some bungling Mason to repair the parish Watch-house, who after botching the work..was paid his bill. a1776 D. Hume (1779) v. 61 Many worlds might have been botched and bungled, throughout an eternity, ere this system was struck out. 1850 J. S. Blackie in tr. Æschylus I. 293 This chorus seems hopelessly botched..and all the attempts to mend it are more or less unsatisfactory. 1858 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 4 June in (1980) v. 280 The greatest bungler that ever botched a block of marble. 1914 Feb. 635 If he is given to understand that it is a hard thing to do, he will..in all probability, botch it up. 1918 3 Oct. 21/2 My father and grandfather..had each in his own generation botched his life. 1984 D. Koontz i. iii. 177 Damn! I botched it, Penny thought. 2005 R. C. Lieberman (2007) vi. 144 The Metropolitan Police thoroughly botched the investigation and were never able to convict the..suspects. society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > mending or repairing > [verb (intransitive)] society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > mending or repairing > [verb (intransitive)] > clumsily 1537 tr. f. 30v They haue so longe botched and cobled to it, tyl it is become the deuels. 1570 T. Tusser (new ed.) f. 29 Cobble and botche ye that can not buy newe. 1647 G. Wharton 8 I find Lilly still bungling and botching, but without any result of truth. 1673 M. Stevenson 71 Nor dost thou patch, but botch. 1745 J. Swift On Foregoing Picture in X. 207 At last I'm fairly forc'd to botch for't. 1783 14 To botch is each man's fate. 1815 W. Scott I. xxi. 337 I labour and botch..and produce at last a base caricature. 1863 J. S. Le Fanu I. xxi. 210 They were such ‘idiots’, botching and blundering right and left..to the danger and ruin of their employers. 1870 May 515/2 She..patched and botched after a random zigzag sort exquisitely painful to the methodical mind. 1910 Feb. 28/2 With card and blade he botched and cut. 1974 R. Watkinson in (Brighton Mus. & Art Gallery) 8/1 He botched and improvised, scraped and fumbled, patched and scrubbed towards miracles. 4. figurative and in figurative contexts. the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > be unskilled in [verb (transitive)] > put together clumsily or unskilfully 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin iii. iv. f. 152v Augustines boke of Repentance, which is foolishly botched of good and bad by some scraper together. 1590 R. Harvey Ded. sig. A Sweetly indevoring with his blunt persuasions to botch vp a Reconciliation. 1678 R. Cudworth i. iv. 411 An Ill-agreeing Drama, botch'd up of Many Impertinent Intersertions. a1774 A. Tucker (1777) III. i. 327 One or two of Horace's purple rags botched together with coarse seams of abuse. 1793 ‘J. Bull’ 1 Shall we trust to..his bungling French journeymen, to amend our Constitution, who in Four Years have not been able to botch up their own? 1845 Aug. 474/1 A more..disagreeable piece of life-writing has scarcely ever been botched together by a literary drudge. 1868 G. MacDonald I. xii. 157 A sermon which he had botched up out of a commentary. 1932 F. G. Kenyon i. 12 A number of detached lays, botched together by an incompetent editor. 1996 M. Pincombe v. 113 It has..been suggested that he wrote two Midas plays, and then botched up a third from bits and pieces of either. 2001 D. Wetzel v. 176 The commission..botched together a report that supported the government's case. society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > inelegance > make inelegant [verb (transitive)] 1589 J. Lyly sig. E2 Hee runnes ouer his fooleries.., ripping vp the souterlie seames of his Epistle, botching in such frize iestes vppon fustion earnest. 1609 Bp. W. Barlow 322 His Maiestie to auoid a repetition of the same word twise..translating it with a reference; This Epistler..by botching in a word. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † botchv.2Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: botch n.1 Obsolete. the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > soiled condition > soil [verb (transitive)] > blotch 1699 S. Garth ii. 21 Young Hylas, botch'd with Stains too foul to Name. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online September 2019). <  n.1c1330 n.21579 v.1a1382 v.21699 |
