brackn.¹

Brit.

/brak/, U.S.

/bræk/

Forms: Also Middle English bracc ( Orm.), 1500s Sc. brek, 1500s–1600s bracke, 1500s–1700s brak. See breck n.

Etymology: Two formations: (1) in Ormin < Old Norse brak (= Old English gebræc , Old Saxon gibrak ) creaking noise, < Old Germanic brekan to break: compare Latin fragor , < stem of frangĕre . (2) In later use, a parallel form to break n.¹ < break v.

I. Middle English, from Old Norse brak.

†1. Noise, outcry. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > outcry or clamour

reamOE

ropeOE

brack?c1200

utas1202

hootinga1225

berec1225

noise?c1225

ludea1275

cryc1275

gredingc1275

boastc1300

utasa1325

huec1330

outcrya1382

exclamation1382

ascry1393

spraya1400

clamourc1405

shoutingc1405

scry1419

rumourc1425

motion?a1439

bemec1440

harrowc1440

shout1487

songa1500

brunt1523

ditec1540

uproar1544

clamouring1548

outrage1548

hubbub1555

racket1565

succlamation1566

rear1567

outcrying1569

bellowing1579

brawl1581

hue and cry1584

exclaiming1585

exclaim1587

sanctus1594

hubbaboo1596

oyez1597

conclamation1627

sputter1673

rout1684

dirduma1693

hallalloo1737

yelloching1773

pillaloo1785

whillaloo1790

vocitation1819

blue murder1828

blaring1837

shilloo1842

shillooing1845

pillalooing1847

shriek1929

yammering1937

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > confused sound > [noun] > uproar or tumult

brack?c1200

ludea1275

ludingc1275

grede13..

to-doc1330

stevenc1385

ruitc1390

shoutingc1405

rumourc1425

dirdumc1440

shout1487

rippit?1507

glamer?a1513

rangat?a1513

reird?a1513

larumc1515

reirdour1535

uproar1544

clamouring1548

racket1565

baldare1582

rack jack1582

rufflery1582

pother1603

rut1607

clamorousnessa1617

hurricane1639

clutter1656

flaw1676

splutter1677

rout1684

hirdum-dirdum1724

fracas1727

collieshangie1737

racketing1760

hullabaloo1762

hurly1806

bobbery1816

trevally1819

pandemonium1827

hurly-burly1830

outroar1845

on-ding1871

tow-row1877

ruckus1885

molrowing1892

rookus1892

rux1918

?c1200 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1186 Iesu crist..Toc þildiliȝ wiþþ utenn bracc. Þatt mann himm band.

?c1200 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1178 Shep iss all unnskaþefull..& makeþþ itt nan mikell bracc.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xiii. vi. 85 For all the brek and sterage that hess beyn.

II. modern, < break v. Cf. break n.¹, breck n.

†2.

a. A breaking, breach, rupture. Still Sc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun] > a crack or breach

chinec888

bruche?a1300

crevice1382

scar1390

scorec1400

rimea1425

riftc1425

riving1440

creekc1480

brack1524

rive1527

bruise1530

crack1530

chink1545

chap1553

riff1577

chop1578

chinker1581

coane1584

fraction1587

cranice1603

slifter1607

fracture1641

shake1651

snap1891

1524 R. Copland tr. J. de Bourbon Syege Cyte of Rodes in Begynnynge Ordre Knyghtes Hospytallers sig. Cij They bette the sayd bulwarke and wall in suche wyse y^t they made grete brackes.

1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. f. xl Heale these bracke & wounde sowynge of bothe sydes of it to gyther agayne.

a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) Pref. sig. A4^v To repaire all the ruines and seuerall bracks of it.

1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 322 A Breck, or Brack, a gap in a Hedge.

†b. fig. A rupture, quarrel. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > quarrel or quarrelling > [noun] > a quarrel

controversy1448

tencion?1473

brulyie1531

pique1532

feudc1565

quarrel1566

jar1583

controverse1596

brack1600

outcast1620

rixation1623

controversarya1635

simultya1637

outfall1647

outfallingc1650

controversion1658

démêlé1661

embroilment1667

strut1677

risse1684

rubber1688

fray1702

brulyiement1718

fallout1725

tossa1732

embroil1742

ding-dong?1760

pilget1777

fratch1805

spar1836

splutter1838

bust-up1842

whid1847

chip1854

kass-kass1873

wap1887

run-in1894

go-round1898

blue1943

hassle1945

square-up?1949

ruck1958

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxv. xxix. 570 Hippocrates and Epicides..made the brack, & were the troublers and disturbers of this peace.

1608 G. Chapman Conspiracie Duke of Byron v. i. sig. G4 That can mend The brack betwixt vs.

3. A flaw in cloth. Also fig. (Now chiefly dialect)

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > [noun] > defects or irregularities in

burlc1440

scawe1463

stour1472

brack1552

pirn1688

sheave1696

sprit1737

sprat1756

crow's foot1948

pill1954

soil1959

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 200/2 Brake in clothe, rentreture.]

1552 Act 6 Edw. VI vi. §1 Over-stretching them upon the Tenter, and then stopping with Flocks such Bracks as shall be made.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 1 The finest veluet [hath] his brack.

1636 D. Featley Clavis Mystica lxix. 888 The needle fils not up the bracke or rent.

1840 R. Browning Sordello v. 400 The knack Of keeping fresh-chalked gowns from speck and brack.

1873 M. E. Braddon Strangers & Pilgrims i. vi. 62 ‘She sent me a gownd last week..a regular good one, not a brack in it’.

†4. A broken piece, fragment, atom. Also fig. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment

shreddingc950

brucheOE

shredc1000

brokec1160

truncheonc1330

scartha1340

screedc1350

bruisinga1382

morsel1381

shedc1400

stumpc1400

rag?a1425

brokalyc1440

brokeling1490

mammocka1529

brokelette1538

sheavec1558

shard1561

fragment1583

segment1586

brack1587

parcel1596

flaw1607

fraction1609

fracture1641

pash1651

frustillation1653

hoof1655

arrachement1656

jaga1658

shattering1658

discerption1685

scar1698

twitter1715

frust1765

smithereens1841

chitling1843

1587 J. Hooker Chron. Ireland 87/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II To the last brake of sinister surmises.

c1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses xvii. 249 A cord, that would not slip For knots and bracks about the mouth of it.

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. Ded. sig. ẽ Many brackes and short endes which can not be spunne into an euen piece.

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 79 The least brack of body cannot be broken a pieces, because 'tis already the least.

†5. Breach, breaking, violation. Sc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > non-observance or breach > [noun]

borrow-breacha900

brucheOE

breacha1382

violation1433

rupture1439

non-observance1453

misobservance1496

violating1523

swerving1545

infringinga1575

inobservation1579

recess1601

inobservancea1626

infringement1628

misobservancy1637

egression1651

nonconformity1653

unobservance1654

brack1658

infraction1673

violence1743

non-conformance1786

inobservancy1824

1658 Presbytery Strathbogie Rec. in J. A. Hessey Sunday (1880) 217 The said day A.C...was delaitit for brak of Sabbath.

†6. Break of continuity, ‘fault’ in mining. dialect.

ΚΠ

1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Sii After crossing of Pees, Tees, Braks, Jumbles, or what other disorder may happen that the vein cannot be easily made out.

Categories »

†7. ‘A stripe of uncultivated ground, between two shots or plots of land.’ (Jamieson.) Cf. break n.¹ 12.Sc.

Categories »

†8. A sudden breaking out of water; a sudden heavy fall of rain; a flood when the ice breaks; a quantity of snow, earth, or debris shooting from a hill. Sc.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

† brackn.²

Etymology: probably identical with brack n.¹: compare connection of Latin rūpes with rumpĕre to break, and break n.¹

Obsolete. rare.

A cliff, crag, or rock.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > cliff > [noun]

cliffOE

cleoa1300

cleevec1300

rochec1300

clougha1400

heugha1400

brackc1530

clift1567

perpendicular1604

precipice1607

precipe1615

precipit1623

abrupt1624

scar1673

bluff1687

rock wall1755

krantz1785

linn1799

scarp1802

scaur1805

escarpment1815

rock face1820

escarp1856

hag1868

glint1906

scarping1909

stone-cliff1912

ledra1942

c1530 Hickscorner in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1874) I. 185 Thrown in a raft, and so about borne On rocks or bracks for to run.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Bricche, crags, cliffs, or brackes in hills.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

brackn.³

Etymology: < German bracken to examine or sort goods. Compare brack v., bracker n.

The system of official sorting of goods or produce in vogue at the principal Baltic ports.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > merchandise > [noun] > imports or exports > sorting of

brack1734

1734 Treaty Eng. & Russ. in Magens Insurances II. 592 The Brack shall be equitably established.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2018).

† brackn.⁴

Etymology: Apparently a shortened form of bracken n.¹

Obsolete.

= bracken n.¹

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > fern or bracken

ferna800

brakec1325

brackenc1400

brack1482

bracken-bush1483

pteris1601

fern-brake1611

filix1731

lady bracken1820

pteridoid1866

pteridophyte1880

1482 Monk of Evesham 40 A full depe valeye..set with bocis and brackys on euery syde hangyng owte.

1627 M. Drayton Moone-calfe in Battaile Agincourt 182 They fed on Fearne and brack.

1676 J. Evelyn Philos. Disc. Earth 84 Vegetables, abounding in fixed salts..as Pease-halm, Bracks.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† brackn.⁵

Etymology: ? < French braque, brague, breeching for cannon. Compare unbrack v.

Obsolete. rare.

? Breeching for cannon; or perhaps = bracket n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > gun carriage > [noun] > other parts of carriage

tail-pin1497

brack1622

head-plate1647

transom1688

prise-bolt1705

bracket1753

bracket-bolt1753

pintle1769

rider1779

trail-plate-eye1828

cleat1834

wheel-guard1860

spade1862

nave-hole1867

chassis1869

turntable1889

gun-crutch1898

trail-spade1904

1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea lxi. 151 Our hatches vpon bolts, our brackes in our Deckes, and Gunner roome.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

brackn.⁷

Etymology: Abbreviation of barnbrack n.; compare Irish breac speckled.

An Irish cake or loaf containing seeds or fruit; = barnbrack n.Quots. 1855¹ probably represent attempts to render Irish bairghean breac barnbrack n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > fancy bread > fruit bread

panettone1841

brack1855

brownie1883

Stollen1906

1855 E. Acton Mod. Cookery (rev. ed.) xxvi. 546 Rich Brawn Brack, or Borrow Brack.

1855 E. Acton Mod. Cookery (rev. ed.) xxvi. 546 To convert the above into the popular Irish ‘speckled bread’, or Brawn Brack..add to it three ounces of carraway-seeds.

1855 E. Acton Mod. Cookery (rev. ed.) xxvi. 555 Common brown brack, or Irish seed-cake.

1959 J. O'Donovan Visited xxix. 182 She..made tea and sliced a home-made brack.

1960 Guardian 10 Dec. 12/6 Breads, bracks, baps, scones.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

brackadj.n.⁶

Forms: Also 1500s brak, bracke.

Etymology: probably (as a nautical word) < Dutch brak brackish (whence German brackwasser brackish water); identified by Franck with Middle Dutch brak worthless.

A. adj.

Salt, briny, brackish. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > [adjective] > brackish or briny

bracka1522

brackisha1552

bracky1582

brinish1594

briny1612

breachy1662

brak1793

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) v. xiii. 28 Ȝet [= pour] the cleir wyne furth in fludis brak [L. salsos fluctus].

1786 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope (ed. 2) I. 255 The Brak rivers have got this appellation from the quality of their waters, which are brackish or saltish.

1827 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 35 117 Living upon beef and brack water.

†B. n.⁶

Salt water, brine; the sea. Obsolete. (Only in Drayton, and apparently not in general use then, as the gloss ‘salt water’ is given in the margin.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [noun]

sea-floodc893

brimc937

streamc950

foamOE

mereOE

seaOE

sea of (the) oceanc1300

brookc1400

float1477

strand1513

breec1540

burnc1540

broth1558

Thetisie1600

fishpond1604

brine1605

pond1612

Thetisc1620

brack1627

herring-pond1686

tide1791

black water1816

lave1825

briny1831

salt water1839

blue1861

swan's bath1865

puddle1869

ditch1922

oggin1945

1627 M. Drayton Elegies in Battaile Agincourt 185 The Sunne..Shall with the Fishes shortly diue the Brack.

1630 M. Drayton Moses iii, in Muses Elizium 164 Drags their fat carkasse through the foamie bracke.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

brackv.

Brit.

/brak/, U.S.

/bræk/

Etymology: < German bracken to sort or inspect goods, < brack ‘inferior goods, refuse’.

transitive. To sort or select (goods, produce, etc.) (at the Baltic ports). Cf. brack n.³, bracker n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > importing and exporting > import or export [verb (transitive)] > export > types of export practices

brack1858

dump1868

Klondike1923

1858 I. S. Homans & I. S. Homans Cycl. Commerce & Commerc. Navigation 1343 All flax and hemp shipped from Memel must be bracked or assorted by sworn selectors.

Derivatives

bracked adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > merchandise > [adjective] > sorted goods

bracked1883

1883 Scotsman 30 July 7/6 Tallow, bracked, about 51s.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

n.¹?c1200

n.²c1530

n.³1734

n.⁴1482

n.⁵1622

n.⁷1855

adj.n.⁶a1522

v.1858

单词	brack
释义	brackn.¹ Brit. /brak/, U.S. /bræk/ Forms: Also Middle English bracc ( Orm.), 1500s Sc. brek, 1500s–1600s bracke, 1500s–1700s brak. See breck n. Etymology: Two formations: (1) in Ormin < Old Norse brak (= Old English gebræc , Old Saxon gibrak ) creaking noise, < Old Germanic brekan to break: compare Latin fragor , < stem of frangĕre . (2) In later use, a parallel form to break n.¹ < break v. I. Middle English, from Old Norse brak. †1. Noise, outcry. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > outcry or clamour reamOE ropeOE brack?c1200 utas1202 hootinga1225 berec1225 noise?c1225 ludea1275 cryc1275 gredingc1275 boastc1300 utasa1325 huec1330 outcrya1382 exclamation1382 ascry1393 spraya1400 clamourc1405 shoutingc1405 scry1419 rumourc1425 motion?a1439 bemec1440 harrowc1440 shout1487 songa1500 brunt1523 ditec1540 uproar1544 clamouring1548 outrage1548 hubbub1555 racket1565 succlamation1566 rear1567 outcrying1569 bellowing1579 brawl1581 hue and cry1584 exclaiming1585 exclaim1587 sanctus1594 hubbaboo1596 oyez1597 conclamation1627 sputter1673 rout1684 dirduma1693 hallalloo1737 yelloching1773 pillaloo1785 whillaloo1790 vocitation1819 blue murder1828 blaring1837 shilloo1842 shillooing1845 pillalooing1847 shriek1929 yammering1937 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > confused sound > [noun] > uproar or tumult brack?c1200 ludea1275 ludingc1275 grede13.. to-doc1330 stevenc1385 ruitc1390 shoutingc1405 rumourc1425 dirdumc1440 shout1487 rippit?1507 glamer?a1513 rangat?a1513 reird?a1513 larumc1515 reirdour1535 uproar1544 clamouring1548 racket1565 baldare1582 rack jack1582 rufflery1582 pother1603 rut1607 clamorousnessa1617 hurricane1639 clutter1656 flaw1676 splutter1677 rout1684 hirdum-dirdum1724 fracas1727 collieshangie1737 racketing1760 hullabaloo1762 hurly1806 bobbery1816 trevally1819 pandemonium1827 hurly-burly1830 outroar1845 on-ding1871 tow-row1877 ruckus1885 molrowing1892 rookus1892 rux1918 ?c1200 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1186 Iesu crist..Toc þildiliȝ wiþþ utenn bracc. Þatt mann himm band. ?c1200 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1178 Shep iss all unnskaþefull..& makeþþ itt nan mikell bracc. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xiii. vi. 85 For all the brek and sterage that hess beyn. II. modern, < break v. Cf. break n.¹, breck n. †2. a. A breaking, breach, rupture. Still Sc. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun] > a crack or breach chinec888 bruche?a1300 crevice1382 scar1390 scorec1400 rimea1425 riftc1425 riving1440 creekc1480 brack1524 rive1527 bruise1530 crack1530 chink1545 chap1553 riff1577 chop1578 chinker1581 coane1584 fraction1587 cranice1603 slifter1607 fracture1641 shake1651 snap1891 1524 R. Copland tr. J. de Bourbon Syege Cyte of Rodes in Begynnynge Ordre Knyghtes Hospytallers sig. Cij They bette the sayd bulwarke and wall in suche wyse y^t they made grete brackes. 1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. f. xl Heale these bracke & wounde sowynge of bothe sydes of it to gyther agayne. a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) Pref. sig. A4^v To repaire all the ruines and seuerall bracks of it. 1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 322 A Breck, or Brack, a gap in a Hedge. †b. fig. A rupture, quarrel. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > quarrel or quarrelling > [noun] > a quarrel controversy1448 tencion?1473 brulyie1531 pique1532 feudc1565 quarrel1566 jar1583 controverse1596 brack1600 outcast1620 rixation1623 controversarya1635 simultya1637 outfall1647 outfallingc1650 controversion1658 démêlé1661 embroilment1667 strut1677 risse1684 rubber1688 fray1702 brulyiement1718 fallout1725 tossa1732 embroil1742 ding-dong?1760 pilget1777 fratch1805 spar1836 splutter1838 bust-up1842 whid1847 chip1854 kass-kass1873 wap1887 run-in1894 go-round1898 blue1943 hassle1945 square-up?1949 ruck1958 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxv. xxix. 570 Hippocrates and Epicides..made the brack, & were the troublers and disturbers of this peace. 1608 G. Chapman Conspiracie Duke of Byron v. i. sig. G4 That can mend The brack betwixt vs. 3. A flaw in cloth. Also fig. (Now chiefly dialect) ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > [noun] > defects or irregularities in burlc1440 scawe1463 stour1472 brack1552 pirn1688 sheave1696 sprit1737 sprat1756 crow's foot1948 pill1954 soil1959 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 200/2 Brake in clothe, rentreture.] 1552 Act 6 Edw. VI vi. §1 Over-stretching them upon the Tenter, and then stopping with Flocks such Bracks as shall be made. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 1 The finest veluet [hath] his brack. 1636 D. Featley Clavis Mystica lxix. 888 The needle fils not up the bracke or rent. 1840 R. Browning Sordello v. 400 The knack Of keeping fresh-chalked gowns from speck and brack. 1873 M. E. Braddon Strangers & Pilgrims i. vi. 62 ‘She sent me a gownd last week..a regular good one, not a brack in it’. †4. A broken piece, fragment, atom. Also fig. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment shreddingc950 brucheOE shredc1000 brokec1160 truncheonc1330 scartha1340 screedc1350 bruisinga1382 morsel1381 shedc1400 stumpc1400 rag?a1425 brokalyc1440 brokeling1490 mammocka1529 brokelette1538 sheavec1558 shard1561 fragment1583 segment1586 brack1587 parcel1596 flaw1607 fraction1609 fracture1641 pash1651 frustillation1653 hoof1655 arrachement1656 jaga1658 shattering1658 discerption1685 scar1698 twitter1715 frust1765 smithereens1841 chitling1843 1587 J. Hooker Chron. Ireland 87/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II To the last brake of sinister surmises. c1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses xvii. 249 A cord, that would not slip For knots and bracks about the mouth of it. 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. Ded. sig. ẽ Many brackes and short endes which can not be spunne into an euen piece. 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 79 The least brack of body cannot be broken a pieces, because 'tis already the least. †5. Breach, breaking, violation. Sc. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > non-observance or breach > [noun] borrow-breacha900 brucheOE breacha1382 violation1433 rupture1439 non-observance1453 misobservance1496 violating1523 swerving1545 infringinga1575 inobservation1579 recess1601 inobservancea1626 infringement1628 misobservancy1637 egression1651 nonconformity1653 unobservance1654 brack1658 infraction1673 violence1743 non-conformance1786 inobservancy1824 1658 Presbytery Strathbogie Rec. in J. A. Hessey Sunday (1880) 217 The said day A.C...was delaitit for brak of Sabbath. †6. Break of continuity, ‘fault’ in mining. dialect. ΚΠ 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Sii After crossing of Pees, Tees, Braks, Jumbles, or what other disorder may happen that the vein cannot be easily made out. Categories » †7. ‘A stripe of uncultivated ground, between two shots or plots of land.’ (Jamieson.) Cf. break n.¹ 12.Sc. Categories » †8. A sudden breaking out of water; a sudden heavy fall of rain; a flood when the ice breaks; a quantity of snow, earth, or debris shooting from a hill. Sc. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2018). † brackn.² Etymology: probably identical with brack n.¹: compare connection of Latin rūpes with rumpĕre to break, and break n.¹ Obsolete. rare. A cliff, crag, or rock. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > cliff > [noun] cliffOE cleoa1300 cleevec1300 rochec1300 clougha1400 heugha1400 brackc1530 clift1567 perpendicular1604 precipice1607 precipe1615 precipit1623 abrupt1624 scar1673 bluff1687 rock wall1755 krantz1785 linn1799 scarp1802 scaur1805 escarpment1815 rock face1820 escarp1856 hag1868 glint1906 scarping1909 stone-cliff1912 ledra1942 c1530 Hickscorner in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1874) I. 185 Thrown in a raft, and so about borne On rocks or bracks for to run. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Bricche, crags, cliffs, or brackes in hills. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2021). brackn.³ Etymology: < German bracken to examine or sort goods. Compare brack v., bracker n. The system of official sorting of goods or produce in vogue at the principal Baltic ports. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > merchandise > [noun] > imports or exports > sorting of brack1734 1734 Treaty Eng. & Russ. in Magens Insurances II. 592 The Brack shall be equitably established. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2018). † brackn.⁴ Etymology: Apparently a shortened form of bracken n.¹ Obsolete. = bracken n.¹ ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > fern or bracken ferna800 brakec1325 brackenc1400 brack1482 bracken-bush1483 pteris1601 fern-brake1611 filix1731 lady bracken1820 pteridoid1866 pteridophyte1880 1482 Monk of Evesham 40 A full depe valeye..set with bocis and brackys on euery syde hangyng owte. 1627 M. Drayton Moone-calfe in Battaile Agincourt 182 They fed on Fearne and brack. 1676 J. Evelyn Philos. Disc. Earth 84 Vegetables, abounding in fixed salts..as Pease-halm, Bracks. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † brackn.⁵ Etymology: ? < French braque, brague, breeching for cannon. Compare unbrack v. Obsolete. rare. ? Breeching for cannon; or perhaps = bracket n. 3. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > gun carriage > [noun] > other parts of carriage tail-pin1497 brack1622 head-plate1647 transom1688 prise-bolt1705 bracket1753 bracket-bolt1753 pintle1769 rider1779 trail-plate-eye1828 cleat1834 wheel-guard1860 spade1862 nave-hole1867 chassis1869 turntable1889 gun-crutch1898 trail-spade1904 1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea lxi. 151 Our hatches vpon bolts, our brackes in our Deckes, and Gunner roome. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2021). brackn.⁷ Etymology: Abbreviation of barnbrack n.; compare Irish breac speckled. An Irish cake or loaf containing seeds or fruit; = barnbrack n.Quots. 1855¹ probably represent attempts to render Irish bairghean breac barnbrack n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > fancy bread > fruit bread panettone1841 brack1855 brownie1883 Stollen1906 1855 E. Acton Mod. Cookery (rev. ed.) xxvi. 546 Rich Brawn Brack, or Borrow Brack. 1855 E. Acton Mod. Cookery (rev. ed.) xxvi. 546 To convert the above into the popular Irish ‘speckled bread’, or Brawn Brack..add to it three ounces of carraway-seeds. 1855 E. Acton Mod. Cookery (rev. ed.) xxvi. 555 Common brown brack, or Irish seed-cake. 1959 J. O'Donovan Visited xxix. 182 She..made tea and sliced a home-made brack. 1960 Guardian 10 Dec. 12/6 Breads, bracks, baps, scones. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online June 2018). brackadj.n.⁶ Forms: Also 1500s brak, bracke. Etymology: probably (as a nautical word) < Dutch brak brackish (whence German brackwasser brackish water); identified by Franck with Middle Dutch brak worthless. A. adj. Salt, briny, brackish. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > [adjective] > brackish or briny bracka1522 brackisha1552 bracky1582 brinish1594 briny1612 breachy1662 brak1793 a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) v. xiii. 28 Ȝet [= pour] the cleir wyne furth in fludis brak [L. salsos fluctus]. 1786 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope (ed. 2) I. 255 The Brak rivers have got this appellation from the quality of their waters, which are brackish or saltish. 1827 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 35 117 Living upon beef and brack water. †B. n.⁶ Salt water, brine; the sea. Obsolete. (Only in Drayton, and apparently not in general use then, as the gloss ‘salt water’ is given in the margin.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [noun] sea-floodc893 brimc937 streamc950 foamOE mereOE seaOE sea of (the) oceanc1300 brookc1400 float1477 strand1513 breec1540 burnc1540 broth1558 Thetisie1600 fishpond1604 brine1605 pond1612 Thetisc1620 brack1627 herring-pond1686 tide1791 black water1816 lave1825 briny1831 salt water1839 blue1861 swan's bath1865 puddle1869 ditch1922 oggin1945 1627 M. Drayton Elegies in Battaile Agincourt 185 The Sunne..Shall with the Fishes shortly diue the Brack. 1630 M. Drayton Moses iii, in Muses Elizium 164 Drags their fat carkasse through the foamie bracke. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2021). brackv. Brit. /brak/, U.S. /bræk/ Etymology: < German bracken to sort or inspect goods, < brack ‘inferior goods, refuse’. transitive. To sort or select (goods, produce, etc.) (at the Baltic ports). Cf. brack n.³, bracker n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > importing and exporting > import or export [verb (transitive)] > export > types of export practices brack1858 dump1868 Klondike1923 1858 I. S. Homans & I. S. Homans Cycl. Commerce & Commerc. Navigation 1343 All flax and hemp shipped from Memel must be bracked or assorted by sworn selectors. Derivatives bracked adj. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > merchandise > [adjective] > sorted goods bracked1883 1883 Scotsman 30 July 7/6 Tallow, bracked, about 51s. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹?c1200n.²c1530n.³1734n.⁴1482n.⁵1622n.⁷1855adj.n.⁶a1522v.1858
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