broken.

Brit.

/brəʊk/, U.S.

/broʊk/

Forms: Old English–Middle English broc, 1500s–1700s brok, 1700s–1800s (dialect) brock, Middle English– broke.

Etymology: Old English broc ‘misery’, and gebroc ‘fragment’, < brecan (past participle ge-brocen ) to break v. The later lengthening of the vowel may be from the inflected dissyllabic forms broces, brocu, etc.: compare the participle broke, brōken, formerly brŏcen. Brock remains dialectally.

†1. That which breaks; affliction, trouble, misery. Only in Old English.

ΚΠ

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxix. §10 God nyle for his mildheortnesse nan unaberendlice broc him ansettan.

971 Blickl. Hom. 59 Ealle þa sar and þa brocu þe se man to gesceapen is.

1061 in Thorpe Diplom. 389 Gefreod æghwylcere uneaþnesse ealles woroldlices broces.

†2. A piece of anything broken off; a fragment; e.g. of bread or food, broken meats, remains. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment

shreddingc950

brucheOE

shredc1000

brokec1160

truncheonc1330

scartha1340

screedc1350

bruisinga1382

morsel1381

shedc1400

stumpc1400

rag?a1425

brokalyc1440

brokeling1490

mammocka1529

brokelette1538

sheavec1558

shard1561

fragment1583

segment1586

brack1587

parcel1596

flaw1607

fraction1609

fracture1641

pash1651

frustillation1653

hoof1655

arrachement1656

jaga1658

shattering1658

discerption1685

scar1698

twitter1715

frust1765

smithereens1841

chitling1843

c1160 Hatton Gosp. Matt. xv. 37 Þæt to lafe wæs of þam broccan [c975 Rushw. G. gebroca; c1000 Ags. G. gebrote], hys naman seofan wilian fulle.

1507 Will of Thomas Bedyll (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/15) f. 220^v A parcell of a broke of woode.

a1568 Wowing of Jok & Jenny x, Bannatyne Poems 160 Quhen ye haif done, tak hame the brok.

1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 211 (Jam.) I neither got stock nor brock.

1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Brock, a piece or fragment. West.

1863 W. Barnes Poems Rural Life in Dorset Dial. Coll. iii. 101 Wi' brocks an' scraps to plim well out.

†3. A breaking of the skin or body; a wound; a rupture. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > wound

woundc900

soreOE

dolk?c1225

hurt?c1225

unsoundc1275

brokec1350

plaguea1382

lesurec1420

plaiea1470

blechure1483

wounding1581

bloodwipe1611

injurya1616

seat1634

trauma1684

c1350 Med. MS. in Archæol. XXX. 381 Hennebane rote Of ye broc is mych bote.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lev. xxiv. 20 Broke for broke, eye for eye, tothe for tothe.

1564 T. Becon New Catech. in Catech. & Other Pieces (1844) 94.

†4. A breach of the law; a crime. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a crime

crimec1384

broke1481

facta1533

malefact1534

penalty1579

malefaction1604

malefacture1635

job1679

offence1683

criminality1750

operationa1902

1481 Reynard (1844) 92 Hadde I knowen my self gylty in ony feat or broke.

5. plural. The short-stapled wool found in certain parts of the fleece, when ‘broken’ or sorted. A fleece consists of two main kinds of wool distinguished by the length and strength of the fibre; the sorts which are long and suitable for combing being called ‘matchings’ or ‘combing-sorts’, the rest ‘short wools’ or ‘brokes’. The spinning of the two sorts is by different processes. See noil n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > wool > [noun] > type of > short-stapled

short wool1728

brokes1879

1879 Standard 22 Apr. Wool and Worsted.—Bradford..Noils and brokes are slow of sale.

1883 Daily News 3 Sept. 2/6 Noils and brokes are in rather better request.

1885 F. H. Bowman Struct. Wool Fibre 352 Gloss. Brokes, short locks of wool found on the edge of the fleece in the region of the neck and belly.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

brokeadj.

Brit.

/brəʊk/, U.S.

/broʊk/

Etymology: Shortened < broken adj.

1. Used occasionally for broken adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > [adjective]

halfa1300

brokec1380

incompletec1380

imperfecta1398

infecta1398

unperfecta1398

uncompletec1430

unfullc1450

partile1576

unentire?1605

half-faced1607

fragmentary1612

broken1634

partiary1654

fractional1675

fractionarya1690

half-way1694

fragmentala1763

half-and-half1796

fragmentitious1827

incompleted1836

sectional1848

mincemeaty1870

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [adjective] > broken

broken1383

bursted1527

pipped1540

fract1547

fracted1547

cracked1562

infract1593

fractured1617

broke1647

confragosea1684

staved1699

burst1812

bashed1830

snapped1869

c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 14 Leepfullis of broke meat.

1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 41 To recompense broke silvir I had of his.

1647 H. More Philos. Poems iv. v Bodies disjoind, broke glasses they esteem.

2. esp. in combinations.

ΚΠ

c1230 Hali Meid. 25 Witlese beastes dumbe and broke rugget ibuhe toward te eorðe.

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vii. 131 Blinde or broke-schonket [B. vi. 138 broke-legged].

1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 53 Broke bakkyde, gibbosus.

1470 J. Hardyng Chron. clvii. iii Brokebacked and bowbacked bore.

1627 T. May tr. Lucan Pharsalia (new ed.) v. (R.) Broke-winded murmers, howlings, and sadd grones.

3. slang.

a. In predicative use = broken adj. 7; ruined financially, bankrupt; (often less seriously) penniless; also broke to the wide (see wide n.) or broke to the world. Frequently with qualifying word, as broke clean, broke dead, flat broke, stone-broke (see stone n. Compounds 2), stony broke (see stony adj. Compounds 3).Cf. the following, which are properly instances of break v. 11.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > [adjective] > poor > lacking money

to the boneOE

silverlessc1325

pennilessc1330

moneylessc1400

impecunious1596

crossless1600

penceless1605

unmoneyed1606

coinless1614

emptya1643

out of pocket1679

money-bound1710

broke1716

embarrassed1744

stiver cramped1785

plackless1786

taper1789

poundlessa1794

shillingless1797

unpennied1804

fundless1809

impecuniary1814

hard up1821

soldier-thighed1825

cashless1833

stiverless1839

fly-blown1853

strapped1857

stick1859

tight1859

stone-broke1886

stony1886

oofless1888

stony-broke1890

motherless1906

penny-pinched1918

skinned1924

skint1925

on the beach1935

potless1936

boracic1959

uptight1967

brassic1982

1665 S. Pepys Diary 6 July (1972) VI. 150 It seems some of his Creditors have taken notice of it, and he was like to be broke yesterday in his absence.

1669 S. Pepys Diary 12 Mar. (1976) IX. 480 Being newly broke by running in debt.]

1716 J. Steuart Let. 28 Dec. in Let.-bk. (1915) 38 Alexr. Mackpherson..is much in arear and quit broke.1821 in N. Carolina Hist. Comm. I. 220 I have been broke now twelve months,..yet I move on in the old way.1842 Spirit of Times 2 Apr. 58/1 Barrett, poor fellow, is dead broke.1842 Spirit of Times 21 May 138/1 Every friend of Old Whitenose would have been flat broke!1843 Spirit of Times 14 Jan. 544/3 I was clean broke in less than four hours.1846 Spirit of Times 25 Apr. 101/2 I unfortunately am short of funds, flat broke, busted, collapsed.1851 N. Kingsley Diary (1914) 173 To day men have come along ‘dead broke’ and have gone to work for 4 dollars pr. day.1866 Cincinnati Enquirer 17 July (Schele de Vere) When he left the gambling-house, he was observed to turn toward a friend with the words, Dead-broke!1886 H. Smart Outsider vii Well, sir, I was broke—so broke as I hope I never shall be again—‘dead stoney’, barely expresses it.a1889 in A. Barrère & C. G. Leland Dict. Slang. (at cited word) Then came the fiasco, And Ben cried ‘Carrasco! I'm bested, broke, busted—or partly!’1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 Aug. (Farmer) I see that Sullivan made 21,000 dols. out of his fight, but as he was ‘dead broke’ before the battle, there won't be much of it left.1890 G. W. Perrie Buckskin Mose (new ed.) i. 18 We were ‘dead broke’.1898 ‘O. Thanet’ Heart of Toil 141 Think of them boys, who are all stone-broke.., wanting to lend me money.1907 S. E. White Arizona Nights i. vii. 133 Well, it took me six weeks and two days to go broke.1908 Westm. Gaz. 1 Feb. Ten and six for being manicured, and I'm absolutely broke.1911 J. C. Lincoln Cap'n Warren's Wards xxi. 337 I'm flat broke.1918 W. J. Locke Rough Road iii I believe you good people think I've come back broke to the world.1926 J. Black You can't Win v. 53 [The landlady] wanted the rent. I told her I was broke.1927 Observer 18 Sept. 8/5 The twins will not be completely ‘broke’ until they get to France.

b. colloquial (originally U.S.). to go for broke: to risk everything or make every effort in order to achieve something; to try one's hardest, do one's utmost; to go all out.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > face danger [verb (intransitive)] > risk oneself > risk everything

to throw at allc1400

to send the axe after the helvea1450

to throw the helve after the hatchet1546

to go the vole1816

to go for broke1935

1935 Catal. Copyright Entries: Pt. 3 (Libr. of Congr. Copyright Office) 30 1792/2 Let's go for broke.

1963 Guardian 5 June 6 If he were to go for broke on behalf of the Negroes..the President would endanger the moral reform cause.

2000 M. Gladwell Tipping Point 105 We decided, let's go for broke. Let's produce five full [television] shows..before we go to air.

4. Of animals: broken to harness; = broken adj. 8. Chiefly U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > domestic animal > [adjective] > labouring > broken to harness

broke1800

1800 Sporting Mag. 16 117/2 The grand manege consists in teaching a horse, already perfectly broke in the common way, certain artificial motions.

1833 M. Holley Texas v. 97 This brutal process is repeated until the animal is thoroughly broke and rendered docile.

1850 W. Miles Jrnl. (1916) 12 500 broke mules were to be in readiness.

1856 Trans. Michigan Agric. Soc. 7 275 Oxen exhibited as working cattle, for their being the best broke, must be hitched to either a wagon or cart.

1893 T. Roosevelt Wilderness Hunter xx. 426 The light-hearted belief..that any animal which by main force has been saddled and ridden..is a ‘broke horse’.

5. = broken adj. 1d. Also elliptical.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [adjective] > damaged or flawed

broken1807

water-galled1831

broke1888

M1894

1888 C. F. Cross & E. J. Bevan Text-bk. Paper-making vi. 104 ‘Broke’ Paper.—Under this head may be included all the partially formed paper which is always obtained..when a paper-machine is started, or such portions as are occasionally unavoidably damaged in its passage over the drying cylinders.

1888 C. F. Cross & E. J. Bevan Text-bk. Paper-making vi. 105 ‘Broke’ paper may be advantageously disintegrated by means of an edge-runner.

1954 J. Southward Mod. Printing (ed. 7) II. xlii. 449 Broke. The third grade of imperfect paper.

Draft additions April 2002

colloquial (originally U.S.). if it ain't broke, don't (also why) fix it: if something is successful, effective, or not obviously defective, there is no need to change or replace it.

ΚΠ

1977 Nation's Business May 27/3 Bert Lance believes he can save Uncle Sam billions if he can get the government to adopt a simple motto: ‘If it ain't broke, don't fix it.’

1991 Q. Rev. Wines Autumn 46/3 Can we expect..any outré menu departures—such as bluefish tacos? Or is it simply a question of ‘if it ain't broke, don't fix it’?

2000 M. Brindle & L. A. Mainiero Managing Power through Lateral Networking iv. 54 The senior partners..were more comfortable with the old system. ‘If it's not broke, why fix it?’ was the attitude.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2019).

brokev.

Brit.

/brəʊk/, U.S.

/broʊk/

Etymology: In form the base of broker, brokage, broking. An Anglo-Norman French verb abroker occurs in Liber Albus (a1419) 288.

†1. intransitive. To bargain; to negotiate; to traffic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > make an agreement [verb (intransitive)] > negotiate

driveOE

treat1297

chaffer1377

broke1496

hucka1529

capitulate1537

hack1587

haggle1589

huckster1593

negotiate1598

to stand out1606

palter1611

to drive a hard bargaina1628

priga1628

scotch1627

prig1632

higgle1633

to dodge it1652

to beat a (the) bargain1664

1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) vii. xxi. 308 [They] thus bargeyne & broke about the syngynge of the masse, that may not be solde ne bought, as men do in byenge & sellynge of an horse.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Brouillon, one that broakes in euery thing, whereby he may get but a pennie.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iii. v. 71 He..brokes with all that can in such a suite Corrupt the tender honour of a Maide.

1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) xxxiv. 209 The gaines of Bargaines, are of a more doubtfull Nature; When Men shall..broake by Seruants and Instruments to draw them on.

†2. transitive. To retail, traffic in. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > [verb (transitive)]

monga1250

corsec1440

coss14..

merchant1511

chafferc1535

merchandise1538

mart1589

trade1589

broke1598

factor1611

handle1638

commercea1641

chop1645

chaffera1657

job1701

truck1715

to turn in1822

monger1928

1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie iii. x. sig. H5 But to retaile and broke anothers wit.

3. intransitive. To act as broker, agent, or go-between.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > brokerage > act as broker [verb (intransitive)]

brokea1652

operate1859

society > authority > delegated authority > action or function of a delegate or deputy > act as delegate or deputy [verb (intransitive)] > manage on behalf of another

agitate1634

brokea1652

a1652 R. Brome City Wit ii. ii. sig. B8, in Five New Playes (1653) Prithee what art thou? or whom dost thou serve, or broke for.

a1666 Fanshawe in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1890) We do want a certain necessary woman to broke between, Cupid said.

1926 G. K. Chesterton Outl. Sanity v. ii. 203 If men were not brokers, it was because they were not able to broke.

1965 ‘W. Haggard’ Hard Sell v. 54 I'm a stockbroker... I broked for Franchin.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

n.c888

adj.c1230

v.1496

单词	broke
释义	broken. Brit. /brəʊk/, U.S. /broʊk/ Forms: Old English–Middle English broc, 1500s–1700s brok, 1700s–1800s (dialect) brock, Middle English– broke. Etymology: Old English broc ‘misery’, and gebroc ‘fragment’, < brecan (past participle ge-brocen ) to break v. The later lengthening of the vowel may be from the inflected dissyllabic forms broces, brocu, etc.: compare the participle broke, brōken, formerly brŏcen. Brock remains dialectally. †1. That which breaks; affliction, trouble, misery. Only in Old English. ΚΠ c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxix. §10 God nyle for his mildheortnesse nan unaberendlice broc him ansettan. 971 Blickl. Hom. 59 Ealle þa sar and þa brocu þe se man to gesceapen is. 1061 in Thorpe Diplom. 389 Gefreod æghwylcere uneaþnesse ealles woroldlices broces. †2. A piece of anything broken off; a fragment; e.g. of bread or food, broken meats, remains. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment shreddingc950 brucheOE shredc1000 brokec1160 truncheonc1330 scartha1340 screedc1350 bruisinga1382 morsel1381 shedc1400 stumpc1400 rag?a1425 brokalyc1440 brokeling1490 mammocka1529 brokelette1538 sheavec1558 shard1561 fragment1583 segment1586 brack1587 parcel1596 flaw1607 fraction1609 fracture1641 pash1651 frustillation1653 hoof1655 arrachement1656 jaga1658 shattering1658 discerption1685 scar1698 twitter1715 frust1765 smithereens1841 chitling1843 c1160 Hatton Gosp. Matt. xv. 37 Þæt to lafe wæs of þam broccan [c975 Rushw. G. gebroca; c1000 Ags. G. gebrote], hys naman seofan wilian fulle. 1507 Will of Thomas Bedyll (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/15) f. 220^v A parcell of a broke of woode. a1568 Wowing of Jok & Jenny x, Bannatyne Poems 160 Quhen ye haif done, tak hame the brok. 1721 J. Kelly Compl. Coll. Scotish Prov. 211 (Jam.) I neither got stock nor brock. 1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Brock, a piece or fragment. West. 1863 W. Barnes Poems Rural Life in Dorset Dial. Coll. iii. 101 Wi' brocks an' scraps to plim well out. †3. A breaking of the skin or body; a wound; a rupture. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > wound woundc900 soreOE dolk?c1225 hurt?c1225 unsoundc1275 brokec1350 plaguea1382 lesurec1420 plaiea1470 blechure1483 wounding1581 bloodwipe1611 injurya1616 seat1634 trauma1684 c1350 Med. MS. in Archæol. XXX. 381 Hennebane rote Of ye broc is mych bote. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lev. xxiv. 20 Broke for broke, eye for eye, tothe for tothe. 1564 T. Becon New Catech. in Catech. & Other Pieces (1844) 94. †4. A breach of the law; a crime. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a crime crimec1384 broke1481 facta1533 malefact1534 penalty1579 malefaction1604 malefacture1635 job1679 offence1683 criminality1750 operationa1902 1481 Reynard (1844) 92 Hadde I knowen my self gylty in ony feat or broke. 5. plural. The short-stapled wool found in certain parts of the fleece, when ‘broken’ or sorted. A fleece consists of two main kinds of wool distinguished by the length and strength of the fibre; the sorts which are long and suitable for combing being called ‘matchings’ or ‘combing-sorts’, the rest ‘short wools’ or ‘brokes’. The spinning of the two sorts is by different processes. See noil n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > wool > [noun] > type of > short-stapled short wool1728 brokes1879 1879 Standard 22 Apr. Wool and Worsted.—Bradford..Noils and brokes are slow of sale. 1883 Daily News 3 Sept. 2/6 Noils and brokes are in rather better request. 1885 F. H. Bowman Struct. Wool Fibre 352 Gloss. Brokes, short locks of wool found on the edge of the fleece in the region of the neck and belly. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2020). brokeadj. Brit. /brəʊk/, U.S. /broʊk/ Etymology: Shortened < broken adj. 1. Used occasionally for broken adj. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > [adjective] halfa1300 brokec1380 incompletec1380 imperfecta1398 infecta1398 unperfecta1398 uncompletec1430 unfullc1450 partile1576 unentire?1605 half-faced1607 fragmentary1612 broken1634 partiary1654 fractional1675 fractionarya1690 half-way1694 fragmentala1763 half-and-half1796 fragmentitious1827 incompleted1836 sectional1848 mincemeaty1870 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [adjective] > broken broken1383 bursted1527 pipped1540 fract1547 fracted1547 cracked1562 infract1593 fractured1617 broke1647 confragosea1684 staved1699 burst1812 bashed1830 snapped1869 c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 14 Leepfullis of broke meat. 1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 41 To recompense broke silvir I had of his. 1647 H. More Philos. Poems iv. v Bodies disjoind, broke glasses they esteem. 2. esp. in combinations. ΚΠ c1230 Hali Meid. 25 Witlese beastes dumbe and broke rugget ibuhe toward te eorðe. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vii. 131 Blinde or broke-schonket [B. vi. 138 broke-legged]. 1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 53 Broke bakkyde, gibbosus. 1470 J. Hardyng Chron. clvii. iii Brokebacked and bowbacked bore. 1627 T. May tr. Lucan Pharsalia (new ed.) v. (R.) Broke-winded murmers, howlings, and sadd grones. 3. slang. a. In predicative use = broken adj. 7; ruined financially, bankrupt; (often less seriously) penniless; also broke to the wide (see wide n.) or broke to the world. Frequently with qualifying word, as broke clean, broke dead, flat broke, stone-broke (see stone n. Compounds 2), stony broke (see stony adj. Compounds 3).Cf. the following, which are properly instances of break v. 11. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > [adjective] > poor > lacking money to the boneOE silverlessc1325 pennilessc1330 moneylessc1400 impecunious1596 crossless1600 penceless1605 unmoneyed1606 coinless1614 emptya1643 out of pocket1679 money-bound1710 broke1716 embarrassed1744 stiver cramped1785 plackless1786 taper1789 poundlessa1794 shillingless1797 unpennied1804 fundless1809 impecuniary1814 hard up1821 soldier-thighed1825 cashless1833 stiverless1839 fly-blown1853 strapped1857 stick1859 tight1859 stone-broke1886 stony1886 oofless1888 stony-broke1890 motherless1906 penny-pinched1918 skinned1924 skint1925 on the beach1935 potless1936 boracic1959 uptight1967 brassic1982 1665 S. Pepys Diary 6 July (1972) VI. 150 It seems some of his Creditors have taken notice of it, and he was like to be broke yesterday in his absence. 1669 S. Pepys Diary 12 Mar. (1976) IX. 480 Being newly broke by running in debt.] 1716 J. Steuart Let. 28 Dec. in Let.-bk. (1915) 38 Alexr. Mackpherson..is much in arear and quit broke.1821 in N. Carolina Hist. Comm. I. 220 I have been broke now twelve months,..yet I move on in the old way.1842 Spirit of Times 2 Apr. 58/1 Barrett, poor fellow, is dead broke.1842 Spirit of Times 21 May 138/1 Every friend of Old Whitenose would have been flat broke!1843 Spirit of Times 14 Jan. 544/3 I was clean broke in less than four hours.1846 Spirit of Times 25 Apr. 101/2 I unfortunately am short of funds, flat broke, busted, collapsed.1851 N. Kingsley Diary (1914) 173 To day men have come along ‘dead broke’ and have gone to work for 4 dollars pr. day.1866 Cincinnati Enquirer 17 July (Schele de Vere) When he left the gambling-house, he was observed to turn toward a friend with the words, Dead-broke!1886 H. Smart Outsider vii Well, sir, I was broke—so broke as I hope I never shall be again—‘dead stoney’, barely expresses it.a1889 in A. Barrère & C. G. Leland Dict. Slang. (at cited word) Then came the fiasco, And Ben cried ‘Carrasco! I'm bested, broke, busted—or partly!’1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 Aug. (Farmer) I see that Sullivan made 21,000 dols. out of his fight, but as he was ‘dead broke’ before the battle, there won't be much of it left.1890 G. W. Perrie Buckskin Mose (new ed.) i. 18 We were ‘dead broke’.1898 ‘O. Thanet’ Heart of Toil 141 Think of them boys, who are all stone-broke.., wanting to lend me money.1907 S. E. White Arizona Nights i. vii. 133 Well, it took me six weeks and two days to go broke.1908 Westm. Gaz. 1 Feb. Ten and six for being manicured, and I'm absolutely broke.1911 J. C. Lincoln Cap'n Warren's Wards xxi. 337 I'm flat broke.1918 W. J. Locke Rough Road iii I believe you good people think I've come back broke to the world.1926 J. Black You can't Win v. 53 [The landlady] wanted the rent. I told her I was broke.1927 Observer 18 Sept. 8/5 The twins will not be completely ‘broke’ until they get to France. b. colloquial (originally U.S.). to go for broke: to risk everything or make every effort in order to achieve something; to try one's hardest, do one's utmost; to go all out. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > face danger [verb (intransitive)] > risk oneself > risk everything to throw at allc1400 to send the axe after the helvea1450 to throw the helve after the hatchet1546 to go the vole1816 to go for broke1935 1935 Catal. Copyright Entries: Pt. 3 (Libr. of Congr. Copyright Office) 30 1792/2 Let's go for broke. 1963 Guardian 5 June 6 If he were to go for broke on behalf of the Negroes..the President would endanger the moral reform cause. 2000 M. Gladwell Tipping Point 105 We decided, let's go for broke. Let's produce five full [television] shows..before we go to air. 4. Of animals: broken to harness; = broken adj. 8. Chiefly U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > domestic animal > [adjective] > labouring > broken to harness broke1800 1800 Sporting Mag. 16 117/2 The grand manege consists in teaching a horse, already perfectly broke in the common way, certain artificial motions. 1833 M. Holley Texas v. 97 This brutal process is repeated until the animal is thoroughly broke and rendered docile. 1850 W. Miles Jrnl. (1916) 12 500 broke mules were to be in readiness. 1856 Trans. Michigan Agric. Soc. 7 275 Oxen exhibited as working cattle, for their being the best broke, must be hitched to either a wagon or cart. 1893 T. Roosevelt Wilderness Hunter xx. 426 The light-hearted belief..that any animal which by main force has been saddled and ridden..is a ‘broke horse’. 5. = broken adj. 1d. Also elliptical. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [adjective] > damaged or flawed broken1807 water-galled1831 broke1888 M1894 1888 C. F. Cross & E. J. Bevan Text-bk. Paper-making vi. 104 ‘Broke’ Paper.—Under this head may be included all the partially formed paper which is always obtained..when a paper-machine is started, or such portions as are occasionally unavoidably damaged in its passage over the drying cylinders. 1888 C. F. Cross & E. J. Bevan Text-bk. Paper-making vi. 105 ‘Broke’ paper may be advantageously disintegrated by means of an edge-runner. 1954 J. Southward Mod. Printing (ed. 7) II. xlii. 449 Broke. The third grade of imperfect paper. Draft additions April 2002 colloquial (originally U.S.). if it ain't broke, don't (also why) fix it: if something is successful, effective, or not obviously defective, there is no need to change or replace it. ΚΠ 1977 Nation's Business May 27/3 Bert Lance believes he can save Uncle Sam billions if he can get the government to adopt a simple motto: ‘If it ain't broke, don't fix it.’ 1991 Q. Rev. Wines Autumn 46/3 Can we expect..any outré menu departures—such as bluefish tacos? Or is it simply a question of ‘if it ain't broke, don't fix it’? 2000 M. Brindle & L. A. Mainiero Managing Power through Lateral Networking iv. 54 The senior partners..were more comfortable with the old system. ‘If it's not broke, why fix it?’ was the attitude. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2019). brokev. Brit. /brəʊk/, U.S. /broʊk/ Etymology: In form the base of broker, brokage, broking. An Anglo-Norman French verb abroker occurs in Liber Albus (a1419) 288. †1. intransitive. To bargain; to negotiate; to traffic. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > make an agreement [verb (intransitive)] > negotiate driveOE treat1297 chaffer1377 broke1496 hucka1529 capitulate1537 hack1587 haggle1589 huckster1593 negotiate1598 to stand out1606 palter1611 to drive a hard bargaina1628 priga1628 scotch1627 prig1632 higgle1633 to dodge it1652 to beat a (the) bargain1664 1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) vii. xxi. 308 [They] thus bargeyne & broke about the syngynge of the masse, that may not be solde ne bought, as men do in byenge & sellynge of an horse. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Brouillon, one that broakes in euery thing, whereby he may get but a pennie. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iii. v. 71 He..brokes with all that can in such a suite Corrupt the tender honour of a Maide. View more context for this quotation 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) xxxiv. 209 The gaines of Bargaines, are of a more doubtfull Nature; When Men shall..broake by Seruants and Instruments to draw them on. †2. transitive. To retail, traffic in. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > [verb (transitive)] monga1250 corsec1440 coss14.. merchant1511 chafferc1535 merchandise1538 mart1589 trade1589 broke1598 factor1611 handle1638 commercea1641 chop1645 chaffera1657 job1701 truck1715 to turn in1822 monger1928 1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie iii. x. sig. H5 But to retaile and broke anothers wit. 3. intransitive. To act as broker, agent, or go-between. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > brokerage > act as broker [verb (intransitive)] brokea1652 operate1859 society > authority > delegated authority > action or function of a delegate or deputy > act as delegate or deputy [verb (intransitive)] > manage on behalf of another agitate1634 brokea1652 a1652 R. Brome City Wit ii. ii. sig. B8, in Five New Playes (1653) Prithee what art thou? or whom dost thou serve, or broke for. a1666 Fanshawe in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1890) We do want a certain necessary woman to broke between, Cupid said. 1926 G. K. Chesterton Outl. Sanity v. ii. 203 If men were not brokers, it was because they were not able to broke. 1965 ‘W. Haggard’ Hard Sell v. 54 I'm a stockbroker... I broked for Franchin. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.c888adj.c1230v.1496
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