Britonn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈbrɪtn/, U.S.

/ˈbrɪtn/

Forms: Middle English Breton, Middle English Bretonnes (plural), Middle English Bretoun, Middle English Britoun, Middle English Brutun, Middle English–1500s Britone, Middle English–1500s Bruton, Middle English–1600s Bryton, late Middle English–1700s Britton, late Middle English– Briton, 1500s Brytonne, 1500s Brytton; Scottish pre-1700 Breton, pre-1700 Bretowne, pre-1700 Bretton, pre-1700 Brettone, pre-1700 Brettoune, pre-1700 Brettowne, pre-1700 Britoun, pre-1700 Britton, pre-1700 Bryton, pre-1700 Brytoun, pre-1700 1700s– Briton.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French briton; Latin Brittōn-, Brittō.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman bretoun, britoun, briton, bruton, Anglo-Norman and Old French bretun, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French breton (French breton ) (noun) native or inhabitant of Brittany (c1100 in Old French), the Celtic language of Brittany (a1170), minstrel (end of the 12th cent.), native or inhabitant of Britain (beginning of the 13th cent.), (adjective) of or relating to Brittany (c1139) and its etymon classical Latin Brittōn- (also Britton-), Brittō (also irregularly as Briton-, Britōn-, Britō; > Byzantine Greek Βρίττωνες , plural (Procopius)) native of Britain, in post-classical Latin also native of Brittany (from 12th cent. in British sources) < the British base of Welsh Brython Britons collectively, Briton, Welshman (13th cent.; see below). Compare Early Irish Bretain Britons collectively (Irish Breatain , Scottish Gaelic Breatainn , both now also applied to Britain), originally the plural of Britt (see Brett n.¹). Compare Brython n.Some of the Middle English forms appear to have been influenced by forms of Brett n.¹ and forms of the name of Britain (see Britain n.²). The forms with -u- (in both Anglo-Norman and Middle English) are perhaps further influenced by the name of Brutus , legendary ancestor of the British people (see Brute n.²; compare brut n.); compare quot. c1275. Classical Latin Brittō probably reflects a hypocoristic form (in British) of the Brittonic base of classical Latin Britannī (see Britain n.¹). It is reconstructed as an n -stem, in parallel with the forms attested in classical Latin; for a probable parallel o -stem compare discussion at Brett n.¹ The earlier name by which the Romans spoke of the inhabitants of Britain was classical Latin Britannī , plural (see Britain n.¹), but after the conquest of Britain, this was gradually superseded by Brittones (plural), the self-designation in Latin of the Romano-British population of Britain (compare Welsh Brython , collective; compare Brython n.). Bede's regular form is post-classical Latin Bretto , plural Brettones (with the vowel perhaps influenced by Old English Brett- , Bret Brett n.¹); French breton , with preservation of the medial consonant, also reflects a Latin form with -tt- (compare the parallel case at Britain n.²).

A. n.

a. A member of one of the Brittonic-speaking peoples originally inhabiting all of Britain south of the Firth of Forth, and in later times spec. Strathclyde, Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany, before and during the Roman occupation. Cf. Brett n.¹

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Celtic people > [noun] > ancient Britons > person

WelshmaneOE

Britonc1275

Britain1482

Brutea1513

Brett1535

Welsh Britain1573

Welsh Briton1577

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1958 Þa Troinisce men þa temden hine to hærre, æfter Brutone Brutuns heom cleopede.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 42 (MED) Þis was þo in engelond brutons [c1425 Harl. Brytones, 1448 Arms Brutones] were iwis.

c1425 (?a1400) Arthur (Longleat 55) l. 15 Bretones ȝaf hym þat Name.

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 1753 (MED) Than the Bretons brothely enbrassez þeire scheldez.

1547 J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes C j b As they were called Kynges of Britayne, so was y^e general name of the people Brytons.

1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. ii. xiii. 55 He was father vnto Brute: and thus the Brutons bring Their petegree from Iupiter.

1602 R. Carew Eng. Tongue in W. Camden Remaines (1614) 40 The ground of our owne [language] appertaineth to the old Saxon..; here amongst, the Brittons haue left diuers of their words intersowed, as it were thereby making a continuall claime to their auncient possession.

1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 628 The ancient exprobration of the Britons against the Romans..cannot more feelingly be applied than unto these Indian Spaniards.

1699 J. Toland Amyntor 40 The Gospel of Barnabas, the Revelation of Stephen, the Passion of Barnabas, and the Epistles of Ioseph the Arimathean to the Britons are quite lost.

1704 W. Atwood Superiority Crown Eng. iv. 19 Neither the Ancient Britons, Saxons or Normans, were ever such Superious Lords of that Kingdom.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature IV. lxxix. 103 Hibernians, Caledonians, Roman Britons, and Saxons, have all concurred to form the present respectable nation of the Scots.

1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) I. 227 The ancient Britons.

1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. iii. vi. 465 We catch the first dim traces of the aboriginal Briton.

1883 Harper's Mag. Oct. 705/2 Utah would have found it as difficult to struggle into permanent existence without lucern as the early Briton without the traditional acorns, or the Piute Indian without crickets.

1930 W. C. Sellar & R. J. Yeatman 1066 & All That i. 3 The Roman Conquest was..a Good Thing, since the Britons were only natives at that time.

1973 C. A. Wilson Food & Drink in Brit. vi. 196 Among the poorer and less Romanized Britons the pottage plants of prehistoric times were no doubt still often eaten.

2002 R. Sharpe in A. Thacker & R. Sharpe Local Saints & Local Churches iii. 103 There remained British Enclaves..as well as Britons working for English masters.

†b. A native or inhabitant of Wales. Cf. West Briton n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > Welsh nation > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Wales

WelshmanOE

WelshlOE

West Britona1387

Britain1516

Briton1583

Walesman1591

flannela1616

Taffy1699

leek1725

Cambrian1780

Welsher1857

Welshy1875

South Walian1894

Taff1929

1583 G. Peckham True Rep. Newfound Landes iii. sig. E.i Further proofe of her highnes title sithence the arriuall of this noble Britton [sc. Prince Madoc] into those partes..in the time of the Queenes Maiesties Grandfather.

1667 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (1743) i. iii. iii. 161 So the Britons, Hugh ap Owen, etc.

2. A native or inhabitant of Britain, or (now historical) of the British Empire.Not in general use in this sense until the early 18th cent., esp. following the union of England and Scotland; in the 18th and 19th centuries often used with allusion to qualities of bravery and fortitude.Black, North Briton, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Britain

British-maneOE

Briton1679

Britoner1799

Great Britainer1809

Britisher1815

Great British1843

Angrezi1866

Angrez1877

Brit1884

heaven-born1886

Pom1912

Pommy1913

choom1916

pongo1942

a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. C.v Ryght so she doth excede All other of whom we rede whose fame by me shall sprede In to Perce and Mede From brytons Albion.

1547 J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes G v b When these hateful termes of Scottes and Englishemen, shalbe abolisshed, and blotted oute for euer, and we shal al agre in the onely title and name of Britons.

1679 J. Dryden Troilus & Cressida Prol. sig. b4 See, my lov'd Britons, see your Shakespeare rise.

1736 'Squire Bickerstaff Detected (new ed.) in J. Swift Misc. I. 205 A Briton born, a Protestant Astrologer, a Man of Revolution Principles.

1740 J. Thomson & D. Mallet Alfred ii. v. 42 Rule, Britannia, rule the waves; Britons never will be slaves.

1760 King George III in G. Rose Diaries (1860) II. 189 I glory in the name of Briton.

1817 C. Wolfe Burial Sir J. Moore in Edinb. Monthly Mag. June 278/1 Nothing he'll reck, if they let him sleep on In the grave where a Briton has laid him.

1859 Harper's Mag. Feb. 392/1 All Britons could not but join in the plaudits for which august hands had given the signal.

1886 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall Sixty Years After 43 Britons, hold your own!

1902 G. S. Whitmore Last Maori War p. vi Many of the rank and file had no better conception of the proud and sensitive Maori than was implied in the degrading ‘nigger’ theory, invariably applied by the unthinking Briton to all coloured races.

1938 ‘R. Hyde’ Godwits Fly viii. 139 ‘A little Briton,’ he said, patting Simone's shoulder, ‘game as a regular little Briton.’

1991 Investors Chron. 26 July 11/1 The average Briton received just 38 items of junk mail last year—compared with..over 200 in the United States.

2007 New Scientist 21 July 9/3 Taxing unhealthy food could save as many as 3200 Britons from strokes and heart attacks each year, a study by epidemiologists has found.

B. adj.

= British adj. 1. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > [adjective] > Britain

BritannishOE

BritishOE

Britona1387

Britannical1548

Britannian1589

Britain1609

Britannic1635

pongo1944

Brit1948

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 93 (MED) Gildas..turnede þese tweie lawes out of Bretoun speche in to Latyn.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 568 A Briton book writen with Euangiles Was fet.

a1475 (a1447) O. Bokenham Mappula Angliae in Englische Studien (1887) 10 17 (MED) Caer yne britoun speche betokynythe a Cite.

1516 R. Fabyan New Chron. Eng. vii. 499 Sir Thomas de Agorne..was by Chaunce medley slayne of a Bryton knyght.

1547 J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes F ij In the Englishe and Briton histories.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. x. sig. Y3 Yet oft the Briton kings against them [sc. the Romans] strongly swayd.

c1605 W. Rowley Birth of Merlin v. ii. 350 To be invested with the Briton crown.

1763 P. Doyne Triumph Parnassus 9 Soon as the joyful tydings were declar'd, That to the Briton king a son was born.

1805 R. Southey Madoc i. i. 6 Some philtre..to lethargy The Briton blood, that came from Owen's veins.

1875 A. W. Ward Hist. Eng. Dramatic Lit. (1899) III. viii. 182 The classical learning of the Briton kings and princes is as amazing as are the metaphysical and prophetical acquirements of the Druids.

1955 J. E. A. Joliffe Angevin Kingship v. 114 In 1174, with the exception of five Norman or Briton bishops, the attestations to the Treaty of Falaise were almost entirely those of the Household Knights.

1999 Stud. Eng. Lit. 1500–1900 39 374 Caratach, the leader who displaces and denigrates the Briton queen, fails at the job he accuses Bonduca of being incapable of doing.

Derivatives

ˈBriton-like adv. and adj.

ΚΠ

1757 S. Boyce Poems 184 I must fly, at freedom's call, Briton-like, to fight the Gaul!

1899 Times 6 Nov. 9 He felt certain that they would meet it in the same soldier-like and Briton-like manner.

1927 R. A. Knox Belief of Catholics ii. 20 Briton-like, he suspects unreality behind these calculated démarches.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	briton
释义	Britonn.adj. Brit. /ˈbrɪtn/, U.S. /ˈbrɪtn/ Forms: Middle English Breton, Middle English Bretonnes (plural), Middle English Bretoun, Middle English Britoun, Middle English Brutun, Middle English–1500s Britone, Middle English–1500s Bruton, Middle English–1600s Bryton, late Middle English–1700s Britton, late Middle English– Briton, 1500s Brytonne, 1500s Brytton; Scottish pre-1700 Breton, pre-1700 Bretowne, pre-1700 Bretton, pre-1700 Brettone, pre-1700 Brettoune, pre-1700 Brettowne, pre-1700 Britoun, pre-1700 Britton, pre-1700 Bryton, pre-1700 Brytoun, pre-1700 1700s– Briton. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French briton; Latin Brittōn-, Brittō. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman bretoun, britoun, briton, bruton, Anglo-Norman and Old French bretun, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French breton (French breton ) (noun) native or inhabitant of Brittany (c1100 in Old French), the Celtic language of Brittany (a1170), minstrel (end of the 12th cent.), native or inhabitant of Britain (beginning of the 13th cent.), (adjective) of or relating to Brittany (c1139) and its etymon classical Latin Brittōn- (also Britton-), Brittō (also irregularly as Briton-, Britōn-, Britō; > Byzantine Greek Βρίττωνες , plural (Procopius)) native of Britain, in post-classical Latin also native of Brittany (from 12th cent. in British sources) < the British base of Welsh Brython Britons collectively, Briton, Welshman (13th cent.; see below). Compare Early Irish Bretain Britons collectively (Irish Breatain , Scottish Gaelic Breatainn , both now also applied to Britain), originally the plural of Britt (see Brett n.¹). Compare Brython n.Some of the Middle English forms appear to have been influenced by forms of Brett n.¹ and forms of the name of Britain (see Britain n.²). The forms with -u- (in both Anglo-Norman and Middle English) are perhaps further influenced by the name of Brutus , legendary ancestor of the British people (see Brute n.²; compare brut n.); compare quot. c1275. Classical Latin Brittō probably reflects a hypocoristic form (in British) of the Brittonic base of classical Latin Britannī (see Britain n.¹). It is reconstructed as an n -stem, in parallel with the forms attested in classical Latin; for a probable parallel o -stem compare discussion at Brett n.¹ The earlier name by which the Romans spoke of the inhabitants of Britain was classical Latin Britannī , plural (see Britain n.¹), but after the conquest of Britain, this was gradually superseded by Brittones (plural), the self-designation in Latin of the Romano-British population of Britain (compare Welsh Brython , collective; compare Brython n.). Bede's regular form is post-classical Latin Bretto , plural Brettones (with the vowel perhaps influenced by Old English Brett- , Bret Brett n.¹); French breton , with preservation of the medial consonant, also reflects a Latin form with -tt- (compare the parallel case at Britain n.²). A. n. 1. a. A member of one of the Brittonic-speaking peoples originally inhabiting all of Britain south of the Firth of Forth, and in later times spec. Strathclyde, Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany, before and during the Roman occupation. Cf. Brett n.¹ ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Celtic people > [noun] > ancient Britons > person WelshmaneOE Britonc1275 Britain1482 Brutea1513 Brett1535 Welsh Britain1573 Welsh Briton1577 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1958 Þa Troinisce men þa temden hine to hærre, æfter Brutone Brutuns heom cleopede. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 42 (MED) Þis was þo in engelond brutons [c1425 Harl. Brytones, 1448 Arms Brutones] were iwis. c1425 (?a1400) Arthur (Longleat 55) l. 15 Bretones ȝaf hym þat Name. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 1753 (MED) Than the Bretons brothely enbrassez þeire scheldez. 1547 J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes C j b As they were called Kynges of Britayne, so was y^e general name of the people Brytons. 1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. ii. xiii. 55 He was father vnto Brute: and thus the Brutons bring Their petegree from Iupiter. 1602 R. Carew Eng. Tongue in W. Camden Remaines (1614) 40 The ground of our owne [language] appertaineth to the old Saxon..; here amongst, the Brittons haue left diuers of their words intersowed, as it were thereby making a continuall claime to their auncient possession. 1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 628 The ancient exprobration of the Britons against the Romans..cannot more feelingly be applied than unto these Indian Spaniards. 1699 J. Toland Amyntor 40 The Gospel of Barnabas, the Revelation of Stephen, the Passion of Barnabas, and the Epistles of Ioseph the Arimathean to the Britons are quite lost. 1704 W. Atwood Superiority Crown Eng. iv. 19 Neither the Ancient Britons, Saxons or Normans, were ever such Superious Lords of that Kingdom. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature IV. lxxix. 103 Hibernians, Caledonians, Roman Britons, and Saxons, have all concurred to form the present respectable nation of the Scots. 1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) I. 227 The ancient Britons. 1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. iii. vi. 465 We catch the first dim traces of the aboriginal Briton. 1883 Harper's Mag. Oct. 705/2 Utah would have found it as difficult to struggle into permanent existence without lucern as the early Briton without the traditional acorns, or the Piute Indian without crickets. 1930 W. C. Sellar & R. J. Yeatman 1066 & All That i. 3 The Roman Conquest was..a Good Thing, since the Britons were only natives at that time. 1973 C. A. Wilson Food & Drink in Brit. vi. 196 Among the poorer and less Romanized Britons the pottage plants of prehistoric times were no doubt still often eaten. 2002 R. Sharpe in A. Thacker & R. Sharpe Local Saints & Local Churches iii. 103 There remained British Enclaves..as well as Britons working for English masters. †b. A native or inhabitant of Wales. Cf. West Briton n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > Welsh nation > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Wales WelshmanOE WelshlOE West Britona1387 Britain1516 Briton1583 Walesman1591 flannela1616 Taffy1699 leek1725 Cambrian1780 Welsher1857 Welshy1875 South Walian1894 Taff1929 1583 G. Peckham True Rep. Newfound Landes iii. sig. E.i Further proofe of her highnes title sithence the arriuall of this noble Britton [sc. Prince Madoc] into those partes..in the time of the Queenes Maiesties Grandfather. 1667 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (1743) i. iii. iii. 161 So the Britons, Hugh ap Owen, etc. 2. A native or inhabitant of Britain, or (now historical) of the British Empire.Not in general use in this sense until the early 18th cent., esp. following the union of England and Scotland; in the 18th and 19th centuries often used with allusion to qualities of bravery and fortitude.Black, North Briton, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Britain British-maneOE Briton1679 Britoner1799 Great Britainer1809 Britisher1815 Great British1843 Angrezi1866 Angrez1877 Brit1884 heaven-born1886 Pom1912 Pommy1913 choom1916 pongo1942 a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. C.v Ryght so she doth excede All other of whom we rede whose fame by me shall sprede In to Perce and Mede From brytons Albion. 1547 J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes G v b When these hateful termes of Scottes and Englishemen, shalbe abolisshed, and blotted oute for euer, and we shal al agre in the onely title and name of Britons. 1679 J. Dryden Troilus & Cressida Prol. sig. b4 See, my lov'd Britons, see your Shakespeare rise. 1736 'Squire Bickerstaff Detected (new ed.) in J. Swift Misc. I. 205 A Briton born, a Protestant Astrologer, a Man of Revolution Principles. 1740 J. Thomson & D. Mallet Alfred ii. v. 42 Rule, Britannia, rule the waves; Britons never will be slaves. 1760 King George III in G. Rose Diaries (1860) II. 189 I glory in the name of Briton. 1817 C. Wolfe Burial Sir J. Moore in Edinb. Monthly Mag. June 278/1 Nothing he'll reck, if they let him sleep on In the grave where a Briton has laid him. 1859 Harper's Mag. Feb. 392/1 All Britons could not but join in the plaudits for which august hands had given the signal. 1886 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall Sixty Years After 43 Britons, hold your own! 1902 G. S. Whitmore Last Maori War p. vi Many of the rank and file had no better conception of the proud and sensitive Maori than was implied in the degrading ‘nigger’ theory, invariably applied by the unthinking Briton to all coloured races. 1938 ‘R. Hyde’ Godwits Fly viii. 139 ‘A little Briton,’ he said, patting Simone's shoulder, ‘game as a regular little Briton.’ 1991 Investors Chron. 26 July 11/1 The average Briton received just 38 items of junk mail last year—compared with..over 200 in the United States. 2007 New Scientist 21 July 9/3 Taxing unhealthy food could save as many as 3200 Britons from strokes and heart attacks each year, a study by epidemiologists has found. B. adj. = British adj. 1. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > [adjective] > Britain BritannishOE BritishOE Britona1387 Britannical1548 Britannian1589 Britain1609 Britannic1635 pongo1944 Brit1948 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 93 (MED) Gildas..turnede þese tweie lawes out of Bretoun speche in to Latyn. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 568 A Briton book writen with Euangiles Was fet. a1475 (a1447) O. Bokenham Mappula Angliae in Englische Studien (1887) 10 17 (MED) Caer yne britoun speche betokynythe a Cite. 1516 R. Fabyan New Chron. Eng. vii. 499 Sir Thomas de Agorne..was by Chaunce medley slayne of a Bryton knyght. 1547 J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes F ij In the Englishe and Briton histories. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. x. sig. Y3 Yet oft the Briton kings against them [sc. the Romans] strongly swayd. c1605 W. Rowley Birth of Merlin v. ii. 350 To be invested with the Briton crown. 1763 P. Doyne Triumph Parnassus 9 Soon as the joyful tydings were declar'd, That to the Briton king a son was born. 1805 R. Southey Madoc i. i. 6 Some philtre..to lethargy The Briton blood, that came from Owen's veins. 1875 A. W. Ward Hist. Eng. Dramatic Lit. (1899) III. viii. 182 The classical learning of the Briton kings and princes is as amazing as are the metaphysical and prophetical acquirements of the Druids. 1955 J. E. A. Joliffe Angevin Kingship v. 114 In 1174, with the exception of five Norman or Briton bishops, the attestations to the Treaty of Falaise were almost entirely those of the Household Knights. 1999 Stud. Eng. Lit. 1500–1900 39 374 Caratach, the leader who displaces and denigrates the Briton queen, fails at the job he accuses Bonduca of being incapable of doing. Derivatives ˈBriton-like adv. and adj. ΚΠ 1757 S. Boyce Poems 184 I must fly, at freedom's call, Briton-like, to fight the Gaul! 1899 Times 6 Nov. 9 He felt certain that they would meet it in the same soldier-like and Briton-like manner. 1927 R. A. Knox Belief of Catholics ii. 20 Briton-like, he suspects unreality behind these calculated démarches. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.c1275
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