| 单词 | to work one's will |
| 释义 | > as lemmasto work one's will Phrases P1. a. to work a wonder: to perform a miracle. In later use chiefly (usually in form to work wonders): to do or achieve something remarkable or outstanding; esp. to have a very beneficial effect (on a person or thing). ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > [verb (intransitive)] > work wonders or miracles to do wondersc950 to work a wonderOE miracle1548 wonder1785 thaumaturgize1891 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > feeling of wonder, astonishment > quality of inspiring wonder > be a matter of wonder [verb (intransitive)] > perform wonders to work a wonderOE Thamesa1777 to burn the Thames1787 OE Beowulf (2008) 930 A mæg God wyrcan wunder æfter wundre. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9499 Crist..wrohhte wunndre miccle ma Þann icc ȝuw maȝȝ nu tellenn. c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) 487 He..þurh wicchecreftes wurchið summe wundres. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 125 By wycchecraft he schal wirche wondres. a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 785 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 119 He couth wirk wounderis quhat way yat he wald. 1588 C. Lucar tr. N. Tartaglia 3 Bks. Shooting i. i. 5 If you can make me to see this which I do not beleeue, you shal work a wonder. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Theomagical, pertaining to the wisdome of God, or that works wonders by his help. 1681 Heraclitus Ridens 22 Nov. 2/1 Such kind of Pamphlets work Wonders with the credulous multitude. 1704 T. Gale Serm. Holy-days 51 Others of them think they can work Wonders in Chronology. 1781 tr. Comtesse de Genlis Theatre of Educ. I. 36 The short conversation you have just had with Sabina, has worked wonders. 1844 Foreign Missionary Chron. Aug. 239/1 Love can work wonders. 1867 A. P. Smith Hist. 76th Regiment N.Y. State Volunteers xii. 145 He who can jump astride a hobby, and deem himself able to work a wonder in a day, will..find himself wonderfully mistaken. 1903 Pall Mall Mag. Aug. 516/2 He worked wonders at Ferney. The place bloomed. 1912 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Soc. Sci. 40 180 The open fireplace can work social wonders if people will only give it a chance. 1980 Jrnl. Biblical Lit. 99 56 Yhwh's working a wonder..is, in fact, the revelation of the messenger's divine status. 2011 Guardian 28 May (Weekend Suppl.) 63/1 Smooth a dollop of illuminator underneath your foundation... Works wonders on grey, hungover complexions. b. to work a miracle: to perform a miracle. In later use also (usually in form to work miracles): to do or achieve something remarkable, outstanding, or seemingly impossible. Π c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2569 Seint germayn..prechede as ned was, & vair miracle wroȝte. a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 2726 (MED) God..Gret myracules for hurre he wrouȝte. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. xiii. sig. I5 Or that she, (goddesse like) would work this miracle in her selfe. 1593 B. Barnes Parthenophil & Parthenophe iii. 119 I might work miracles to change again The hard to soft! 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre v. x. 247 I know it will non-plus his power to work a true miracle. 1651 J. F. tr. H. C. Agrippa Three Bks. Occult Philos. 563 There be a certain art to foretell, and work miracles. 1705 W. Nicolson London Diaries 19 Nov. (1985) 305 He took notice of Her Majesty's working Miracles by Her Speech, in bringing all men to be zealous for the Hannover-Succession. 1759 Mod. Part Universal Hist. XIII. 308 A band of enthusiastick shepherds, who pretended to work miracles. 1872 W. H. Dixon W. Penn (rev. ed.) ii. 12 The miracles wrought by Spanish saints. 1892 Harper's Mag. Feb. 455/2 In parts in which he can call in the aid of make-up, he works miracles of metamorphosis. 1929 Travel Jan. 21/1 Magnesia drinking water..works miracles for dyspeptics. 1994 S. Sonnett Restraint ii. 20 I get paid to do my best, not to work miracles. 2005 D. Cruickshank Around World in 80 Treasures 117 Siva is reputed to have worked a number of miracles in and around the site of modern Madurai. c. to work magic: to practise magic; to perform a magical procedure, rite, or trick. In later use also (also in form to work one's magic): to do or achieve something remarkable or outstanding. Π 1829 J. Sheppard Divine Origin Christianity II. xii. 249 Jannes and Jambres, Egyptians, sacred scribes, were men who had been judged inferior to none in working magic. 1879 S. Baring-Gould Germany I. 392 A prestidigitator can work magic with his nimble fingers. 1904 E. A. T. W. Budge Guide 3rd & 4th Egypt. Rooms Brit. Museum 181 Stone object, with twenty facets,..probably used in working magic. 1998 National Trust Mag. Autumn 37/1 Interior designers, fabric merchants, furnishers, flower arrangers and so on, are invited in to work their magic. 2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 6 Nov. d14 (advt.) Alouette Light Louvers work magic with light—softening it, filtering it, controlling it to transform the look of a room. P2. to work one's will. a. To freely exercise one's will; to have one's own way; to do what one wishes; (later chiefly) to achieve one's purpose. Also in extended use of an abstract quality, power, etc. Π OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) vii. 26 Ne com ic toþy, þæt ic minne willan worhte, ac þæs þe me hider asænde. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 307 He..graunted him..Forto worchen his wille as lord wiþ his owne. a1425 (?c1300) Northern Passion (Cambr. Gg.5.31) l. 18 Þai gedird þaime to gedir full styll Of ihesu forto wyrke þare wyll. 1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xlv. f. 245v Let fortune worke her will. a1633 A. Munday John a Kent f. 2v Leaue the God of heauen to woorke his will. 1684 T. Guidott Gideon's Fleece 30 Let Patience, or Impatience work its will. 1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Cock & Fox in Fables 245 The false Loon, who cou'd not work his Will By open Force, employ'd his flatt'ring Skill. 1782 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 134/1 Let them jeer, let libellers work their will. 1838 F. Trollope Romance of Vienna xi. 210 Imla knew Count Alderberg better than his mother did, and worked his will upon him in a different way. 1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) I. v. 368 The enemy wrought his will..without let or hindrance. 1921 W. J. Locke Mountebank xi. 142 She..set a coiffeur to work his will on her hair. 1992 W. Greider Who will tell People i. iv. 108 The steady diffusion of authority has simply multiplied the opportunities for power to work its will. 2001 N.Y. Times 21 Jan. iv. 1/4 [He] campaigned..as Mr. Congeniality, able to..work his will through pure charm. Π OE Riddle 54 6 Hyse..hof his agen hrægl hondum up, [h]rand under gyrdels hyre stondendre stiþes nathwæt, worhte his willan; wagedan buta. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 667 (MED) Wirche wiþ me þi wille, or witterli in hast Mi liif lelly is lorn. c1450 (c1400) Emaré (1908) l. 227 (MED) Wyth her he þowȝth to worche hys wylle, And wedde her to hys wyfe. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 31v All the souerains..assignet me hir ffor to wirke with my wille & weld as my nowne. 1610 Merrie Iest Ieamie of Woodicock Hill (single sheet) An other did worke his will, and tickled his wiues hei nonnie nonnie. P3. Proverb. those that will not work shall not eat and variants (now often if you don't work, you don't eat). [Originally in biblical references and allusions, after post-classical Latin si quis non vult operari, nec manducet, lit. ‘if someone does not want to work, he will not eat’ (Vulgate: 2 Thessalonians 3:10) and its model Hellenistic Greek εἴ τις οὐ θέλει ἐργάζεσθαι, μηδὲ ἐσθιέτω (New Testament); compare quots. c1384 and 1535, respectively. Compare Middle French qui ne laeure point ne mengue point (1376).] Π OE Wulfstan tr. Amalarius De Regula Canonicorum (1957) 193 Se apostol..cwæð: Qui non uult operari nec manducet. Þæt is, se ðe nyt beon nelle, he æniges godes ne abite.] c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Thess. iii. 10 This thing we denounsiden, or warneden, to ȝou, for if ony man wole not worche, nether ete he. c1450 (?c1425) St. Mary of Oignies i. xii. in Anglia (1885) 8 148 Ententynge þat þe apostel seiþ, ‘whoo so wirkith not, ete he not’. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Thess. iii. B Yf there were eny which wolde not worke, ye same shulde not eate. 1595 W. Burton Rowsing of Sluggard i. 5 The Apostle warneth the Thessalonians, that if any amongst them were able to worke and would not worke, they should not eate; to shew that idle persons are not worthie to liue. 1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iii. x. 83 You must obey this now for Law, that he that will not worke shall not eate (except by sicknesse he be disabled). 1684 R. Steele Trades-man's Calling i. 8 The old Canon, 2 Thess. 3. 10. That if any (let them be who, or what they will) will not work, (being capable of it) they should not eat. 1726 W. Mason Duty maintaining Publick Work-Houses 12 It is plain the Managers had Authority, and to such the Apostles had commanded not to permit any, who wou'd not work, to eat. 1798 Weekly Mag. 17 Mar. 197/2 He that will not work should not eat; or, in other words, he that gives nothing for what he receives, is an unprofitable being. 1826 tr. J. B. Massillon Select. from Wks. 171 I ought not to eat, because I do not work, but are you excused from this law? 1881 F. L. Shaw Hector 104 Those who do not work should not eat. Do you suppose that a good dinner would be put upon this table..if others had not worked? 1908 Union Seminary Mag. Feb. 197 Amongst the animals beneath man it seems to be true..that he that will not work shall not eat. 1919 I. Zangwill in Soviet Russia 20 Sept. 16/1 Bolshevism is not the scourge it first seemed... Who can object to a Constitution, one of whose first articles declares that ‘He who will not work shall not eat’? 1993 R. B. Edgerton Cloak of Competence (rev. ed.) iii. 94 We used to bitch about the food in that hospital, but out here, if you don't work you don't eat nothing at all. 2008 P. McGraw Real Life vi. 142 I grew up poor... So I learned real fast that if you don't work, you don't eat. P4. to work like a ——: to work extremely hard, in a manner likened to a person or animal known for undertaking heavy, arduous, or intense labour.Sometimes with the implication that the work undertaken is degrading or dehumanizing.See also to work like a beaver at beaver n.1 1d, to work like a dog at dog n.1 Phrases 16, to work like a horse at horse n. 25a, to work like a nigger at nigger n. and adj. Phrases 1. Π 1538 D. Lindsay Complaynte & Test. Popiniay sig. Eiiv But nyght and day, they warke lyke besy bees. 1674–9 Strange Encounter Two Lovers (single sheet) (verso) I was carry'd away for a slave. Then for to work like a beast I was forced. 1738 E. Dower Salopian Esquire 9 I work like a Slave Morning, Noon and Night. 1793 Assoc. Papers (Assoc. for Preserving Liberty & Property) ii. ix. 4 I don't see why we are to work like slaves, while others roll about in their coaches. 1864 D. R. Goodwin Southern Slavery iv. 115 Any person might take this poor man, drive him to the field to work like an ox without wages, [etc.]. 1931 M. Moore Let. 24 June in Sel. Lett. (1997) 257 I take my jeroba up there and am working like a demon to complete it. a1939 C. Porter Compl. Lyrics (1983) 196 Too many men in the U.S.A. work like maniacs, trying to keep their wives and pay for their Cadillacs. 1991 Herald (Folkestone) 27 Dec. 21/3 The whole of the teaching staff..worked like trojans backstage. 2005 B. Keating & S. Keating Blood Sisters (2006) xv. 296 Piet was working like a madman, and they really meant to open the lodge early in the new year. P5. a. to work one's brains (also eyes, soul, etc.) out: to work extremely hard.Recorded earliest in to work one's heart out at heart n., int., and adv. Phrases 6c(a). See also to work one's guts out at gut n. 1b. Π 1578 T. Lupton All for Money sig. B.iv He is not worthie to liue I make god a vowe, That will not worke his hearte out for both you. 1609 W. Symonds Virginia: Serm. 21 .The poore mettall man worketh his bones out,..yet for all his labour,..hee can hardly keepe himselfe from the almes box. 1830 W. Howitt in Fraser's Mag. Sept. 216/1 This comes of living like a curmudgeon in a great house by yourself, working your eyes out to hoard up money. 1849 W. Valentine Budget of Wit & Humour 49 I've been working my daylights out all summer. 1920 Negro World 13 Mar. in R. A. Hill Marcus Garvey & Universal Negro Improvem. Assoc. Papers (1983) II. 257 The boy..works his soul out from morning to morn-out. 2007 Blade (Toledo, Ohio) (Nexis) 6 Feb. There's nothing I can do about it except work my brains out and coach like hell. b. colloquial. to work one's butt (also socks, fingers, balls, etc.) off: to work extremely hard.See also to work one's ass off at ass n.2 Phrases 7, to work one's arse off at arse n. and int. Phrases 5a, to work one's tail off at tail n.1 5a. ΚΠ 1828 Ladies' Mag. June 246 She would have worked her hands off before she would have parted with the dear little creature. 1890 C. C. Harrison Anglomaniacs ii. 79 What man wants to work his head off to lay up money, and then see a fool and profligate walk away with it? 1926 People's Home Jrnl. Feb. 49/2 I'll work—I'll work my fingers off. 1974 J. Wainwright Evidence I shall Give xxi. 102 He was working his nuts off. 1982 P. Redmond Brookside (Mersey TV shooting script) (O.E.D. Archive) Episode 4. 53 The poor sods working their knackers off at the machines. 1983 W. Goldman Adventures in Screen Trade 47 He obviously worked his buns off learning to be a hoofer. 1989 Independent 15 Mar. 21/4 I don't mind working my bollocks off. 1992 Pract. Householder Nov. 5/1 Another time you'll work your socks off and the results are terribly disappointing. 1998 Boxing Monthly June 37/2 Despite working my balls off, I wasn't getting any money. 2010 Guardian (Nexis) 9 June 29 My friends..have worked their butts off to help increase the number of African Caribbean and Asian members of parliament. P6. a. to work one's (also its) way: to advance; to move or make progress to or towards something or someone, esp. gradually or with difficulty; to penetrate through something, etc. Cf. to make one's way at way n.1 and int.1 Phrases 1h. ΘΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)] wadeOE agoOE forthganga1000 forthgoOE syeOE kenc1275 to-stepc1275 vaunce1303 forthnima1325 passc1330 throc1330 forthpass1382 to pass forthc1384 to carry forthc1390 proceedc1392 to go alongc1400 to be forthwardc1430 get) groundc1436 to set onc1450 avauntc1460 pretend1481 to make way1490 advance?1507 to get forward1523 promove1570 to rid ground (also space)1572 to rid (the) way1581 progressa1586 to gather grounda1593 to make forth1594 to make on1597 to work up1603 perge1607 to work one's (also its) way1609 to pass on1611 to gain ground1625 to make its way1645 vadea1660 propagate1700 to gain one's way1777 further1789 to pull up1829 on1840 to make (up) ground1921 1609 T. Heywood Troia Britanica xiv. xcv. 379 O're his dead Coarse the warlike Greeke doth stride, and workes his way through harnesse richly ingrau'd. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 512 As one who sought access, but feard To interrupt, side-long he works his way . View more context for this quotation 1713 J. Addison Cato i. iii Through Winds, and Waves, and Storms, he works his way. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 151 They worked their Way down these Streams. 1824 R. Stevenson Roads & Highways 8 The bottom or hand-laid stones are said to work their way from the bottom to the surface. 1857 Knickerbocker Jan. 86 The..phrase..is working its way into common parlance. 1889 R. Brydall Art in Scotl. vi. 106 He gradually wrought his way against the usual obstacles which a poor artist must always encounter. 1908 E. Fowler Between Trent & Ancholme 23 The fluffy golden kerria..having worked its way through the thick wall. 1992 D. Madden Remembering Light & Stone xi. 105 I carefully worked my way around to what I had wanted to talk about. 2008 J. Quinn Goodnight Ballivor xxi. 108 They would start at the far end and work their way towards the headland. b. to work one's way up: to progress towards something better or superior by labour or effort (esp. as opposed to privilege, favouritism, etc.); to gradually ascend a hierarchy, series of ranks, etc., esp. by working hard. Cf. to work up 4a at Phrasal verbs 1. Π 1734 Fidler's Fling at Roguery ii. 84 The Man to make his best Effort, To work his way up to the Skies, By being bravely Good and Wise. 1774 T. Walker Vindic. Discipline Church of Scotl. i. iii. 32 They were obliged to work their way up to the ministry by their own industry; some of them, perhaps, by teaching schools. 1858 Chambers's Jrnl. 9 160 [He] had worked his way up from a corporalship of marines. 1883 Harper's Mag. Oct. 726/2 The trainer..begins in the stables as a rubber at an early age, and works his way up. 1956 N. Algren Walk on Wild Side i. 111 Ambitious young men..willing to begin at the bottom and work their way up. 1991 C. Buckley Wet Work Prol. 7 He was an orphan. Worked his way up from zip. 2005 Professional Builder (Nexis) 1 Mar. 49 Gary began his building career with Marv Andersen Homes, working his way up from house-sweeper to framer to Director of Construction. c. Chiefly U.S. to work one's way through college (also university, school, etc.): to pay for one's college or university education (and its associated living costs) by taking paid employment while studying. ΚΠ 1870 Zion's Herald 4 Aug. 372/1 The donor, Orange Judd, esq., graduated in 1847, working his way through college, self-made, like so many successful men. 1896 San Francisco Chron. 13 Aug. 14/1 Young Saul Epstein of San Francisco has entered the University this year and decided to work his way through college as a barber. 1939 Afro-American 4 Nov. 15/8 A 1939 graduate of Howard University, who worked his way through school as a porter. 1948 Sunday News of India 1 Feb. 10/4 One of nine children of Creole parents, she was borne in Minneapolis, and worked her way through University by acting as a model at art classes. 1978 Washington Post (Nexis) 18 May va24/2 They came to the door and said they were working their way through med school by painting house numbers on curbs. 2005 C. Northrup Mother-Daughter Wisdom (2006) xix. 582 Some girls work their way through college while others don't have to. P7. to work one's passage and variants: to pay for a journey by undertaking work; spec. to pay for one's passage on a ship by working during the voyage. Also figurative.Apparently arising from ellipsis of for in to work for one's passage; but cf. to work out 2 at Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > [verb (intransitive)] > work to pay for passage on ship to work one's passage1727 society > travel > travel by water > seafaring life > practice the calling of a sailor [verb (intransitive)] > work one's passage to work one's passage1727 1727 P. Longueville Hermit ii. 121 He sees..Hay-makers, going to work,..and resolves to make one of their Number, and work his passage up to London. 1803 D. Wordsworth Jrnl. 25 Aug. (1941) I. 257 He was just come from America... I do not think that he had brought much [money] back with him, for he had worked his passage over. 1836 C. P. Traill Backwoods of Canada 8 A pretty yellow-haired lad,..who works his passage out. 1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxv. 236 Some months afterwards Amory made his appearance at Calcutta, having worked his way out before the mast from the Cape. 1884 Cent. Mag. Jan. 365/1 An educated young Englishman..worked his passage as a coal-passer and ash-heaver. 1946 T. H. White Mistress Masham's Repose xix. 126 The first scheme was to work his passage to London as a bus conductor. 1958 Oxf. Mag. 15 May 448/2 Italy, liberated piecemeal and ‘working her passage’ to the improved status of the Hyde Park Declaration and the New Deal for Italy. 1973 Times 20 Mar. 13/2 One of the greatest bores in packing is choosing which shoes to take... They are heavy..and do not really work their passage. 2010 G. Ridley Discov. J. Baret ix. 233 Sober, professional soldiers who wanted to work their passage back to France. P8. to work havoc: to cause destruction, chaos, or disorder; to wreak havoc. Frequently with work in past tense or past participle form wrought, which is sometimes interpreted as the past tense or past participle of wreak; cf. wreak v. 8b. ΘΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (intransitive)] > cause devastation to make stressa1400 to make havoc1480 ravage1604 to work havoca1774 to play (up) old gooseberry1827 to play havoc1910 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > become disordered [verb (intransitive)] > cause disorder to make havoc1480 to play the devil (also the very devil, the devil and all)1542 to play the dickens1771 to work havoca1774 to play smash1841 to play havoc1910 a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iv. xxvi. 48 The mighty strength of a ruling passion..might work havoc and devastation. 1806 J. Barrow Acct. Trav. Interior S. Afr. 1797–98 (ed. 2) I. 218 They are subject also to a cutaneous disease that works great havoc among the bovine tribe. 1868 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea III. xvii. 369 A ricochet fire which..had been more or less working havoc in their ranks. 1913 St. Nicholas Nov. 37/2 Its men would pile up a writhing heap of arms and legs, beneath which would be the player who had wrought the havoc. 1931 Sun (Baltimore) 6 Sept. 7 Floods wreak havoc in French vineyards... Menacing floods..and downpours which wrought havoc in the wine-producing region. 1978 Washington Post 30 Nov. a14/2 Settlers who are prone to California dreaming,..and on whom..the anything-goes atmosphere and the wide-open spaces work havoc. 1984 Financial Times 4 June iii. p. vii A decade of inflation had wrought havoc with its portfolio of fixed interest mortgages. 2004 Independent 18 Aug. (Review section) 11/1 I had..increasingly witnessed the havoc wrought by viruses. P9. to work both ways: (of an action or process) to have a double or mixed (often positive and negative) effect; (of a point or statement) to serve both sides of an argument; cf. to cut both ways at cut v. 2b. Π 1783 E. Burke Speech on Mr. Fox's E. India Bill 1 Dec. (1784) 94 The influx of fortunes... works both ways; it influences the delinquent, and it may corrupt the minister. 1829 Niles' Reg. 9 May 170/1 No rule..can be laid down..unless it work both ways; one..reason assigned for..men's [higher] wages is ‘that they have families to support’. Has not a woman, a widow, a family to support? 1935 Proc. Acad. Polit. Sci. 16 255 The appeal to experience, it is true, is about the most effective that can be made to Americans. But it works both ways. The experience of the past can become the most stubborn obstacle in the way of progress. 1995 Guardian 18 Feb. 8/7 In discovering that the ‘feel-good factor’ works both ways, one of the researchers..has confirmed that happy physicians both view their patients more humanely—and are more likely to make correct diagnoses. 2006 People (Nexis) 3 Nov. 55 All that hard work can work both ways, though. It can fire you up or it can exhaust you so we will have to see how the players react. ΚΠ 1831 W. Scott Castle Dangerous iii, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. IV. 75 It [sc. a contagious disease] ravaged the English Borders, and made some incursions into Scotland, where it afterwards worked a fearful progress. P11. Mining. to work home: to work back towards the main shaft. Now rare. ΚΠ 1835 Rep. Select Comm. Accidents in Mines 343 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 603) V. 1 It is better to drive to the boundary, and work home. 1872 Saward's Coal Trade Circular (N. Y.) 22 May 1/1 Where there is a known danger from spontaneous combustion, it can be obviated by driving to the boundary and working home. 1908 Trans. Inst. Mining Engineers 1906–7 33 507 The system..of fore-winning the coal by means of driving out heads to the dip-boundary, or some convenient distance from the shaft, and working home. P12. to work for a living: to have to work to earn money, as opposed to being in a position of ease, privilege, etc.; (also) to earn money by doing something regarded as proper work, instead of something regarded as easy. Π 1880 Marion (Ohio) Daily Star 16 Aug. Don't you think it's outrageous that a pretty-behaved girl like you should be working for a living when there's thousands of women no better than you be rolling in their carriages? 1938 F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad i. 13 The difference between the Underworld and the Overworld folk is that one lot works for a living; the other ‘acquires’ wealth and regards toil as sin. 1951 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 22 Oct. 1/3 Placing an additional tax on the people is not going to help the economical situation of those who have to work for a living. 1996 Billboard 13 July 105/1 If a rock star whines about how rough he's got it, he should try working for a living. 2013 Irish Independent (Nexis) 29 May 38 A well-paid club which facilitates a narrow group of well-connected people to pursue a cushy existence, while the rest of the world works for a living. P13. Printing. a. work and turn n. a method of imposition in which a single plate or image carrier bears the material for both sides of a sheet, the sheet being turned and fed in a second time, keeping the same edge as the gripper edge, and then cut in half to produce two complete copies. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > specific methods or processes > [noun] > printing second side from same forme work and turn1888 work and tumble1903 work and back1919 work and twist1922 1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. Sheet work, applied to works or jobs printed both sides—the reverse of half-sheet or ‘work and turn’. 1931 H. Jahn Hand Composition xvi. 263 The Dexter standard jobbing folder..makes thirteen different folds adapted to work-and-turn and sheetwise forms. 1967 V. Strauss Printing Industry x. 626/1 Work-and-turn impositions cut the number of sheets to be printed in half, but they require larger and more expensive presses. 2001 Working from Home Mar. 36/1 Documents with pages that need to be printed..upside down—the printing industry refers to this as work and turn. b. work and tumble n. a method of imposition similar to work and turn but with the opposite edge of the sheet used as the gripper edge for the printing of the second side. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > specific methods or processes > [noun] > printing second side from same forme work and turn1888 work and tumble1903 work and back1919 work and twist1922 1903 Desk Bk. (Philippines Bureau of Printing) 43 The number of sheets to be printed,..instructions to ‘work and turn’ or ‘work and tumble’, and..the number of sheets to print one side only for binding, should be written on the O.K.'d revise. 1931 H. Jahn Hand Composition xvi. 254 In the work-and-tumble form the pages are so imposed that the sheet must be ‘tumbled’ or turned on the ‘long cross’. 2010 G. Ambrose & P. Harris Visual Dict. Pre-press & Production 286 Work-and-tumble sees the gripper edge change position from one side of the sheet to the other. c. work and back n. a method of imposition where different image carriers are used for the two sides of a sheet; cf. sheet-wise adv., sheet-work n. at sheet n.1 Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > specific methods or processes > [noun] > printing second side from same forme work and turn1888 work and tumble1903 work and back1919 work and twist1922 1919 C. R. Spicher Pract. of Presswork 201 This is called a ‘sheetwise’ form, or work and back. 1967 E. Chambers Photolitho-offset ii. 18 Sheet work is the term used to indicate that two formes are used to print the sheet, sometimes called ‘work and back’. 2004 E. Kenly & M. Beach Getting it Printed (ed. 4) 199/1 Sheetwise, technique of printing one side of a sheet with one set of plates, then the other side of the sheet with a set of different plates. Also called work and back. d. work and twist n. a method of imposition where a sheet is printed on one side, then turned, typically through 180 degrees, and printed again on the same side from a different part of the same image carrier.This procedure is sometimes used for printing tables, with the horizontal lines in one part of the image carrier and the vertical lines in another. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > specific methods or processes > [noun] > printing second side from same forme work and turn1888 work and tumble1903 work and back1919 work and twist1922 1922 Appl. Eng. for Printers of Lakeside Press 72 Work and twist forms are those that are given two impressions on each half sheet by twisting new edges to both the side and gripper (or lower) guides. 2008 G. Ambrose & P. Harris Production Man. v. 144/2 The rarely used work and twist sees two passes of the same design on the same side but with the stock rotated 180 degrees between each pass. P14. a. work-to-rule n. a form of industrial action in which employees undertake their contractual duties and no more, typically following rules (such as safety regulations) punctiliously in order to reduce efficiency and speed of work, and to demonstrate the level of flexibility and goodwill ordinarily offered by the workforce; an instance of this. ΘΠ society > occupation and work > working > labour relations > [adjective] > type of protest ca'canny1896 go-slow1902 go-easy1916 slowdown1919 work-to-rule1920 society > occupation and work > working > labour relations > [noun] > protest > forms of rattening1828 polytechnic1835 restriction1852 lockout1853 ca'canny1896 restrictive practice1896 go-slow1920 hartal1920 lock-in1920 working to rule1920 work-to-rule1920 cacannyism1921 job actionc1926 slowdown1926 gherao1967 work-in1967 work-to-contract1969 sick-out1970 sick-in1974 siege action1977 1920 Times 19 Apr. 14/2 In the event of the Executive Committee not complying with this request..they [sc. railwaymen] threatened to adopt a national ‘work to rule’ movement. 1920 Financial Times 4 June (headline) ‘Work to rule’ dropped at Liverpool. 1950 Ann. Reg. 1949 40 The delegates replied by ordering a general work-to-rule 44-hour week..unless claims were settled. 1962 Spectator 26 Jan. 96 What about lesser sanctions—go-slows, work-to-rules and overtime bans? 1992 Forbes 7 Dec. 110/3 The centerpiece of the union's campaign is its work-to-rule strategy, designed to slow down production. 2001 Toronto Star 7 Apr. a4/1 It's his fifth year as a principal and he has had to deal with four strikes and work-to-rules. b. to work to rule: (of employees) to undertake contractual duties and no more, as a form of industrial action; to carry out a work-to-rule.Cf. quot. 1879 for to work to —— at Phrasal verbs 2 for use of the phrase outside the context of industrial action. ΘΠ society > occupation and work > working > labour relations > participate in labour relations [verb (intransitive)] > work to rule or contract to work to rule1920 to work to contract1969 1920 Times 1 May 15/3 They propose to ‘work to rule’, a system of ca' canny..which consists in taking advantage of the technical instructions issued to railwaymen in order to do as little work as possible. 1958 Times 4 Aug. 6/4 Prison officers..were working to rule in protest against the report..that prisoners there had been assaulted. 1967 R. Whitehead in G. Wills & R. Yearsley Handbk. Managem. Technol. 69 The system would fail even more often if the staff stuck rigidly to the rules. We see the results when they ‘work to rule’, as it is. 2005 Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl. (Nexis) 19 Aug. c1 Teachers worked to rule, complying with the contract's requirements but declining to volunteer for such things as chaperoning class trips or dances. c. work-to-contract n. a form of industrial action in which employees undertake their contractual duties and no more; an instance of this; = work-to-rule n. at Phrases 14a. ΘΠ society > occupation and work > working > labour relations > [noun] > protest > forms of rattening1828 polytechnic1835 restriction1852 lockout1853 ca'canny1896 restrictive practice1896 go-slow1920 hartal1920 lock-in1920 working to rule1920 work-to-rule1920 cacannyism1921 job actionc1926 slowdown1926 gherao1967 work-in1967 work-to-contract1969 sick-out1970 sick-in1974 siege action1977 1969 Financial Times 13 Feb. 32/2 More than 1,000 pilots..are to prepare plans for what they call a ‘work-to-contract’ if the corporations's pay proposals..do not advance negotiations for more money and better conditions of service. 1975 Times 13 Jan. 15/1 Instead of wholesale industrial action by most of the [medical] profession, we are left with the consultants and their ‘work-to-contract’. 1996 Jrnl. Gen. Educ. 45 71 He interprets unions as potentially democratizing forces that have often mistaken..an instrumental, work-to-contract strategy, for empowerment. 2013 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 1 Feb. 6 The Scottish Secondary Teachers' Association suspended its work to contract last year. d. to work to contract: (of employees) to undertake contractual duties and no more, as a form of industrial action; to carry out a work-to-contract. ΘΠ society > occupation and work > working > labour relations > participate in labour relations [verb (intransitive)] > work to rule or contract to work to rule1920 to work to contract1969 1969 Guardian 15 Mar. 6/1 It was also stated that teachers at Warrington would work ‘to contract’. 1994 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Dec. 1601/1 The only thing that the government would understand would be consultants deciding to work to contract. 2010 Wisconsin State Jrnl. (Nexis) 18 Oct. a1 The Monona Grove Education Association has decided to ‘work to contract’. P15. to work out of a suitcase: to have no fixed place of work; to be an itinerant worker; (also) to have a job which requires frequent overnight travel. Cf. sense 13d, to live out of a suitcase at suitcase n. Phrases. Π 1947 San Antonio (Texas) Light 29 Dec. b1/5 Brown is disturbed over the number of itinerant tattoo artists who are plying their trade in San Antonio. He terms them ‘guys who work out of a suitcase’. 1976 New Society 12 Aug. 338/2 Sir Robert Mark's spring clean of London bookshops forced hard pornbrokers to work out of a suitcase. 1990 Independent (Nexis) 13 Mar. 31 You could work out of a suitcase. You don't need to be attached to an institution. It's rather like being a busker. 2004 Vancouver Province (Nexis) 27 June b14 Peter Greenberg has spent much of his adult life working out of a suitcase. ‘Hotels could be considered my second home,’ he says. P16. to work it: to engage in a performance, photo shoot, etc., with intensity or energy, or so as to increase its impact; esp. to move or pose in a sexually alluring way during such a performance. Chiefly in imperative. Π 1979 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 13 June ‘Work it, girl, work it!’ cheers Dixie Lee Parker as her 20-year-old daughter bumps, grinds, writhes and wiggles out of a gold tinsel dress, black brassiere, panties and G-string. 1987 Philadelphia Tribune 22 May 4 c/4 Her next selection..from her Blacks and Blues album, worked the audience into a frenzy as they egged her on with shouts of ‘work it baby’, and ‘do it sister’. 1997 Scotl. on Sunday (Nexis) 22 Mar. (Spectrum section) 16 A stunning black model..is rippling with gold bangles and moving like an art form. ‘You can tell the haute couture models—they really know how to work it.’ 2004 M. Darling B Model 212 That's the face, baby—come on! You're beautiful... Work it, baby. Work it. I love it. Yeah! P17. music while you work: see music while you work n. to be subdued to what one works in: see subdue v. Phrases. to work both sides of the street: see street n. and adj. Phrases 9. to work double tides: see tide n. 14. to work like a charm: see charm n.1 1c. to work one's fingers to the bone and variants: see bone n.1 Phrases 1a(b). to work one's ticket: see ticket n.1 6a. to work the oracle: see oracle n. 1b. to work with one's hands: see hand n. Phrases 2r. < as lemmas |
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