† to-wendv.
Obsolete.
1. transitive. To turn over; to overthrow, demolish; to turn upside down, disturb greatly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > inversion > invert [verb (transitive)]
to-wendc893
whelvec1000
to turn down?c1335
to turn up?c1335
whelmc1340
overturna1382
to turn overa1400
wholve14..
inverse?a1425
reverse?a1425
overwhelvec1450
overvolvea1522
transverse1557
evert1566
topsy-turn1573
topsy-turve1603
invert1610
upturn1610
whave1611
topsy-turvy1626
whemmel1684
cant1850
upend1868
flip-flop1924
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)]
to-wendc893
mingeOE
dreveOE
angerc1175
sturb?c1225
worec1225
troublec1230
sturble1303
disturbc1305
movea1325
disturblec1330
drubblea1340
drovec1350
distroublec1369
tempestc1374
outsturba1382
unresta1382
stroublec1384
unquietc1384
conturb1393
mismaya1400
unquemea1400
uneasec1400
discomfita1425
smite?a1425
perturbc1425
pertrouble?1435
inquiet1486
toss1526
alter1529
disquiet1530
turmoil1530
perturbate1533
broil1548
mis-set?1553
shake1567
parbruilyiec1586
agitate1587
roil1590
transpose1594
discompose1603
harrow1609
hurry1611
obturb1623
shog1636
untune1638
alarm1649
disorder1655
begruntlea1670
pother1692
disconcert1695
ruffle1701
tempestuate1702
rough1777
caddle1781
to put out1796
upset1805
discomfort1806
start1821
faze1830
bother1832
to put aback1833
to put about1843
raft1844
queer1845
rattle1865
to turn over1865
untranquillize1874
hack1881
rock1881
to shake up1884
to put off1909
to go (also pass) through a phase1913
to weird out1970
c893 tr. Orosius Hist. vi. x. §1 Hi woldon towendon ealle þa gesetnessa & ealle þa gebodu þe Domitianus hæfde ær geset.
c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 46 We gehyrdon..þæt Crist towyrpð þas stowe, and towent ða gesetnysse ðe us Moyses tæhte.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 191 Mid þusendfeld wrenches þe deuel to-wendeð þe herte.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 241 Awummon þet haueð iloset hire nelde [= needle]. oðer ansutere his eal. secheð hit anan richt & towent uch strea oðethit beo ifunden.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13508 Þæ astalden þer flem..þa rugges to-wenden [c1300 Otho Þo torne..hii þe rugges].
2. intransitive.
a. To turn in different directions, disperse, separate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > go away in all directions
to-fareOE
to-ferec1000
to-wendc1175
skaila1300
dissipate1660
dispersea1672
sperse1827
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 75 Þe twelue apostles..er heo towenden in to al þis middelerd.
b. To go to pieces, break asunder; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (intransitive)] > shatter or break to pieces or burst
to-burstc893
forbursta1000
springOE
to-flyc1000
to-shootc1000
to-springc1000
to-drevea1225
to-resea1225
to-breakc1230
to go shiversc1275
to-drivec1275
to-rivec1275
to-shenec1275
to-wendc1275
debruise1297
lash13..
to-dashc1300
to-scatter13..
to-shiver13..
shiverc1330
bequash1377
shinderc1390
brasta1400
bursta1400
to-shiderc1450
to fly in pieces1488
sprent1488
splindera1500
reavec1560
dishiver1562
shatter1567
disshiver1586
split1590
slent1608
besplit1638
disrupt1657
splintera1661
rupture1734
explode1784
to ding in staves1786
to break, knock etc., or go, to smash1798
spell1811
to go (also run) smash1818
to play smash1841
bust1844
splitter1860
disrump1886
to fall into staves1895
smash1904
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15089 Duglas þa water wes ihaten þer heo tou-wenden.
c1374 G. Chaucer Compl. Mars 102 His myghty spere as he was wont to fyght He shaketh so that almost it to-wonde Ful hevy was he to walken ouer londe.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2568 Ogier Denys..smot to sire Mahound, þat al to pieces he to-wond & ful doun on þe ground.
a1400 Sir Beues (E.) 1645 + 27 He smoot þe dore vp wiþ hys ffoot, Þat þe dore al towond.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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v.c893