toastn.1
/təʊst/, U.S. /toʊst/ 1.
a. (With a and plural) A slice or piece of bread browned at the fire: often put in wine, water, or other beverage. Now rare or Obsolete except in India.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > toast > [noun] > slice or piece of
toastc1430
round1828
finger1839
c1430 Two Cookery-bks. (E.E.T.S.) 12 Oyle Soppys..caste þer-to Safroune, powder Pepyr, Sugre, and Salt, an serue forth alle hote as tostes.
c1450 Cov. Myst. xix. (1841) 183 Ther is no lord lyke on lyve to me wurthe a toost.
?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens iv. sig. Nj Gyue hym a toste with wyne.
?1573 L. Lloyd Pilgrimage of Princes f. 46v Alphonsus..tooke a toaste out of his cuppe, and cast it to the Dogge.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iii. v. 3 Go, fetch me a quart of Sacke, put a tost in't. View more context for this quotation
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 53 All within the sound of Bow Bell, are in reproch called Cocknies, and eaters of buttered tostes.
1655 J. Howell 4th Vol. Familiar Lett. xli. 96 This drink..must be attended with a brown tost.
1709 Tatler No. 24 A Toast in a cold Morning, heightened by Nutmeg, and sweetn'd with Sugar, has for many Ages been given to our Rural Dispensers of Justice, before they enter'd upon Causes.
1735 Dict. Polygraph. at China A very dry toast.
1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper xii. 265 Break your Eggs carefully..and let them boil two Minutes, then..lay them on buttered Toasts.
1838 C. Dickens Let. 1 Feb. (1965) I. 366 We have had for breakfast, toasts, cakes, a yorkshire pie [etc.].
1978 Vishveshvaranand Indological Jrnl. 16 218 He had stopped taking cereals after the age of sixty but after 85 he had to re-start on medical advice taking two toasts or some cornflakes.
b. As the type of what is hot or dry, as warm (hot, etc.) as toast.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [phrase] > hot or warm
as warm (hot, etc.) as toast1546
the world > matter > liquid > dryness > dry [phrase]
as warm (hot, etc.) as toast1842
c1430 : see above. ]
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. i. sig. Fiiiv Loue had appeerd in hym to her alwaie Hotte as a toste.
1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. Panatagr. Prognost. 246 Keep your selves as hot as Toasts, d'ye hear?
1842 J. Wilson Recreations Christopher North I. 83 The small brown Moorland bird, as dry as a toast.
1855 A. S. Stephens Old Homestead i. 16 Every thing nice and warm as toast.
1883 R. L. Stevenson Silverado Squatters i. i. 21 It keeps this end of the valley as warm as a toast.
2.
a. As a substance (without a or plural): Bread so browned by fire, electric heat, etc. (The ordinary current use.) French toast: see French toast n. at French adj. and n. Compounds 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > toast > [noun]
frit14..
French toast1660
toast1735
tops and bottoms1765
fairy bread1874
Melba toast1913
eggy bread1983
1735 J. Swift Panegyrick on D— in Wks. II. 294 Sweeten your Tea, and watch your Toast.
1786 H. Mackenzie Lounger No. 89. ⁋10 Putting him in mind where the toast stood.
1806 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 15 454 The diet..consisted of tea and toast.
1819 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. (ed. 4) I. i. i. 21 The patient..restricted to vegetable diet, gruels, slops, tea, dry toast, &c.
1885 J. Ruskin Præterita I. iii. 84 Quarrelling with her which should have the brownest bits of toast.
b. Coupled with the liquid in which the toast is immersed, as ale and toast, toast and ale, toast and water; whence toast-and-watered adj., confined to a diet of toast and water.
ΚΠ
1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. H2, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) How I drunke vp my grandames ale and toste.]
1693 J. Bancroft Henry II Prol. sig. A3v Many a Night o'er Toast and Ale.
1778 F. Burney Let. Aug. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1994) III. 112 Our Biscuits & Toast & Water,—which makes the Streatham supper.
1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 313 I then directed her to live on toast and water exclusively.
1810 Ld. Byron Let. 3 Oct. (1973) II. 19 What can a helpless, feverish, toast and watered poor wretch do?
1888 Mrs. H. Ward Robert Elsmere III. vi. xliv. 277 Lunch was on the table—the familiar commons, the familiar toast-and-water.
c. on toast, served up on a slice of toast. Also figurative. had on toast (slang), done, swindled; to have (one) on toast (colloquial), to have (a person) at one's mercy or ‘where one wants him’; to subject to anxiety; also with other verbs.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > have complete control over
windc1374
to bring (a person) above the thumb1469
to have to mastery1480
to have at one's beck1530
to turn and wind1557
to bring any one to, or have him at, one's bent1575
to turn over the thumb1603
to lead in a stringc1616
to hold at school1647
to wind (a person, etc.) round one's (little) finger1698
to twirl (a person) round one's finger1748
to twist (a person) round one's finger1780
to play with ——1827
to have (one) on toast1886
to have (got) by the balls1918
to have the wood onc1926
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > perpetrate (a swindle) [verb (transitive)] > defraud or swindle
defraud1362
deceivec1380
plucka1500
lurch1530
defeata1538
souse1545
lick1548
wipe1549
fraud1563
use1564
cozen1573
nick1576
verse1591
rooka1595
trim1600
skelder1602
firk1604
dry-shave1620
fiddle1630
nose1637
foista1640
doa1642
sharka1650
chouse1654
burn1655
bilk1672
under-enter1692
sharp1699
stick1699
finger1709
roguea1714
fling1749
swindle1773
jink1777
queer1778
to do over1781
jump1789
mace1790
chisel1808
slang1812
bucket1819
to clean out1819
give it1819
to put in the hole1819
ramp1819
sting1819
victimize1839
financier1840
gum1840
snakea1861
to take down1865
verneuk1871
bunco1875
rush1875
gyp1879
salt1882
daddle1883
work1884
to have (one) on toast1886
slip1890
to do (a person) in the eye1891
sugar1892
flay1893
to give (someone) the rinky-dink1895
con1896
pad1897
screw1900
short-change1903
to do in1906
window dress1913
ream1914
twist1914
clean1915
rim1918
tweedle1925
hype1926
clip1927
take1927
gazump1928
yentz1930
promote1931
to take (someone) to the cleaners1932
to carve up1933
chizz1948
stiff1950
scam1963
to rip off1969
to stitch up1970
skunk1971
to steal (someone) blind1974
diddle-
1842 R. H. Barham St. Medard in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 281 A delicate roast..Dress'd like a Woodcock, and serv'd on toast.
1886 St. James's Gaz. 6 Nov. (Farmer) The High Court..took judicial cognizance of a quaint and pleasing modern phrase..‘to be had on toast’.
1889 D. C. Murray & H. Murray Dangerous Catspaw 273 We've got him now on toast.
1895 J. G. Millais Breath from Veldt viii. 173 Thinking he had got us fairly on toast, he meant to blackmail us pretty freely.
1896 B. L. Farjeon Betrayal of John Fordham iii. 288 ‘It's my night,’ I sed. ‘Didn't I tell yer? I've got 'im on toast.’
1916 E. F. Benson David Blaize xiv. 285 To think that half an hour ago that little squirt thought he had us on toast.
1929 D. H. Lawrence Pansies 127 But Tolstoi was a traitor To the Russia that needed him most... He shifted his job on to the peasants And landed them all on toast.
1942 ‘R. Crompton’ William carries On v. 119 Well, let's have 'em on toast for a bit wonderin' what's happened to him.
1964 J. Creasey Guilt of Innocence xvii. 151 I think the time has come to tell the Press we want to interview him... That will get 'em both on toast.
1981 ‘J. Ashford’ Loss of ‘Culion’ xix. 151 ‘You've been positively identified by Mr Barnard.’.. ‘Then he's having you on toast.’ ‘He has no reason for lying.’
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [noun] > one who drinks to excess
houndOE
drinkerc1200
keach-cup?c1225
gulchcupa1250
bollerc1320
taverner1340
ale stake?1515
wine-bibber1535
bibber1536
swill-bowl1542
malt-wormc1550
rinse-pitcher1552
bibblera1556
ale knight1556
tosspot1568
ring-pigger1570
troll-the-bowl1575
malt-bug1577
gossip-pint-pot1580
black pot1582
alehouse knight1583
worrier1584
suck-spigot1585
bezzle1592
bezzlera1593
cup-leech1593
soaker1593
carouser1596
barley-cap1598
swiller1598
rob-pot1599
Philistine1600
sponge1600
wine-knight1601
fill-knaga1605
reel-pot1604
faithful1609
fill-pot1609
bouser1611
spigot-sucker1611
suck-pint1611
whip-can1611
bib-all-night1612
afternoon man1615
potling1616
Bacchanalian1617
bombard1617
pot-shot1617
potisuge1620
trougha1625
tumbrila1625
borachioa1627
pot-leech1630
kill-pota1637
biberon1637
bang-pitcher1639
son of Bacchusc1640
shuffler1642
suck-bottlea1652
swill-pot1653
poter1657
potatora1660
old soaker1665
fuddle cap1666
old toast1668
bubber1669
toper1673
ale-toast1691
Bacchant1699
fuddler1699
swill-belly1699
tickle-pitcher1699
whetter1709
draughtsmanc1720
bender1728
drammer1740
dram-drinker1744
drammist1756
rum-bud1805
siper1805
Bacchanal1812
boozera1819
rum-sucker1819
soak1820
imp of the spigot1821
polyposist1821
wineskin1821
sack-guzzler1823
sitfast1828
swill-flagon1829
cup-man1834
swiper1836
Lushington1851
lushing-man1859
bloat1860
pottle pot1860
tipsificator1873
tipsifier1873
pegger1874
swizzler1876
bibulant1883
toss-cup1883
lusher1895
stew-bum1902
shicker1906
stiff1907
souse1915
booze-hound1926
stumblebum1932
tanker1932
lush-hound1935
lushy1944
lush-head1945
binge drinker1946
pisshead1946
hophead1948
1668 R. L'Estrange tr. F. de Quevedo Visions (new ed.) 306 How often must I be put to the Blush too, when every Old Toast shall be calling me Old Acquaintance.
c1670 Cotton Voy. Ireland iii. 128 There comes in my Host, A Catholick, good, and a rare drunken Tost.
1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. xviii Most of 'em of good Families; among the rest Harry Cottiral, an old Tost.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Old-Toast, a brisk old Fellow.
1705 Acct. of Conf. between Duke of Buckingham & Father Fitzgerald in Duke of Buckingham Misc. Wks. II. 50 After this, comes in a thundring Toast, with a full Tankard of humming Stale Beer.
1709 E. Ward Rambling Fuddle-caps 14 Bring my father a Quart; I'll be hang'd if 'twill do the old Toast any hurt.
Compounds
C1. attributive and in other combinations, as toast-burner, toast-crumb, toast-fork. Also toast-rack n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > toasting-fork or implement
toast-iron1483
toasting-irona1616
cheese-toaster1678
toaster1695
toast-fork1801
toasting-fork1807
toasting-jack1873
jaffle iron1981
1801 P. A. Nemnich Waaren-Lexikon ii. 687/1 Toast forks, Röstgabeln, Tohstgabeln.
1872 G. M. Hopkins Further Lett. (1956) 55 If you say the Mahâbhârata is your toast-crumb ordinary breakfast book I am jaundiced all marigold under the eyes.
1895 Q. Rev. Oct. 283 Cobbed by his fagmaster as an incorrigible toast-burner.
C2. † toast-iron n. Obsolete a toasting-iron.
toast-colour n. a light brown; so toast-coloured adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > light brown
dust-colour1607
milk chocolate1723
café au lait1763
whitey-brown1858
biscuit1879
rachel1880
bisque1891
lobster bisque1895
toast-colour1898
parchment1904
toast1922
suntan1923
milk coffee1972
the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [adjective] > light brown
parchment1597
whited brown1650
whitey-brown1658
coffee-coloured1695
dust-coloured1800
ochre-brown1853
blonde1866
biscuit1875
weedy-brown1886
mousy1888
bisque1890
toast-coloured1898
suntan1923
sunblush1930
rachel1951
1898 Daily News 5 May 2/2 A toast-coloured straw toque trimmed with pink ribbon and roses.
1900 Daily News 20 Jan. 6/5 Toast colour is again included among the fashionable tints.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > toasting-fork or implement
toast-iron1483
toasting-irona1616
cheese-toaster1678
toaster1695
toast-fork1801
toasting-fork1807
toasting-jack1873
jaffle iron1981
1483 Cath. Angl. 390/2 A Toste yren (A. Tostyrne), assatorium.
toast Melba n. see Melba n.
toast-stand n. a stand for toast, etc. by the fire: see 1806 at cat n.1 9.
toast-water n. water in which toasted bread has been steeped, used as a drink for invalids, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > soup or pottage > gruel or broth for invalids > [noun]
gruel1362
water gruel?c1450
cullisc1460
chicken brothc1540
coulis1603
barley-milk1607
maize-cream1626
chicken water1684
barley-cream1694
thin gruel1699
viper-broth1702
wangracea1733
barley-gruel1769
beef-tea1783
conjee1789
Revalenta1848
skink1880
toast-water1905
1905 Daily Chron. 18 Dec. 4/6 Why should not toast-water become the temperance beverage for [drinking the health of the King]?
Draft additions 1993
transferred. The golden-brown colour of toast; = toast-colour n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > light brown
dust-colour1607
milk chocolate1723
café au lait1763
whitey-brown1858
biscuit1879
rachel1880
bisque1891
lobster bisque1895
toast-colour1898
parchment1904
toast1922
suntan1923
milk coffee1972
1922 Textile Colorist 44 396/2 A distinctly new type of smart tans are descriptively named Muffin, Toast and Tiffin.
1966 Harper's Bazaar (U.K. ed.) Sept. 40 (advt.) Evening dress... In mimosa, toast or turquoise.
1979 Hampstead & Highgate Express 22 June 7/5 (advt.) Lace trimmed Jersey 2-piece in toast and periwinkle £160.
1984 Sears, Roebuck Catal. Spring–Summer 437 Sensational long sleeve stripe shirt with warm tones of blue, cream, toast and pink.
Draft additions December 2002
colloquial (originally U.S.). A person or thing that is defunct, dead, finished, in serious trouble, etc. Frequently in proleptic use, esp. in you're (also I'm, we're, etc.) toast: you (I, we, etc.) will soon be dead, in trouble, etc. Cf. history n.The lines in quot. 1983 do not in fact appear in the U.S. film Ghostbusters as released in 1985, since a considerable amount of the dialogue is ad-libbed. The actual words spoken by Venkman (played by Bill Murray) as he prepares to fire a laser-type weapon, are, ‘This chick is toast’; this is probably the origin of the proleptic construction which has gained particular currency.
ΚΠ
1983 D. Aykroyd & H. Ramis Ghostbusters (film script, third draft) 123 Venkman..: Okay. That's it! I'm gonna turn this guy into toast.
1985 Omaha (Nebraska) World-Herald 5 May b2/2 Shake, Fedya..because you're toast!
1989 C. Hiaasen Skin Tight (1990) xxiv. 264/1 I'm calling my banker in the Caymans and having him read the balance in my account. If it's not heavier by twenty-five, you're toast.
1991 Sports Illustr. 8 Apr. 87/2 Soon their relationship was toast. He wanted out.
1994 A. Heckerling Clueless (film script, first shooting draft) (O.E.D. Archive) Green Revised Pages 11 Cher. You get your report card? Dionne... Yeah, I'm toast, you'll never see me out of the house again.
2002 Mojo Feb. 62/1 Brian at that time was basically a hermit and, to put it mildly, toast.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
toastn.2
1. A lady who is named as the person to whom a company is requested to drink; often one who is the reigning belle of the season. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > [noun] > beautiful thing or person > beautiful person > beautiful woman
clearc1330
comelya1375
wlonk?a1400
brightc1400
gayc1400
sheenc1400
violet1412
berylc1440
blossomc1440
bonnya1529
pertc1540
bonylasse1546
Venus?1572
spark1575
bellibone1579
bonnibel1579
nymph1584
cheruba1616
lily1622
bellea1640
fine1639
toast1700
houri1745
belle dame1768
peri1813
beauty queen1835
stallion1970
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] > drinking intoxicating liquor > drinking to each other or toasting > object of toast
toast1700
toastee1840
1700 W. Congreve Way of World iii. i. 40 More Censorious, than a decay'd Beauty, or a discarded Tost.
1705 C. Cibber Careless Husband v. vi. 63 Ay, Madam..'t has been your Life's whole Pride of late to be the Common Toast of every Publick Table.
1709 Tatler No. 24 This Whim gave Foundation to the present Honour..done to the Lady we mention in our Liquors, who has ever since been called a Toast.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 31. ⁋8 Then, said he, Why do you call live People Toasts? I answered, That was a new Name found out by the Wits to make a Lady have the same Effect as Burridge in the Glass when a Man is drinking.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 71. ⁋8 A Beauty, whose Health is drank from Heddington to Hinksey,..has no more the Title of Lady, but reigns an undisputed Toast.
1711 J. Swift Lett. (1767) III. 185 Lord Rochester, and his fine daughter, lady Jane, just growing a top toast.
1713 R. Steele Guardian No. 85. ⁋7 Was that the silly thing so much talked of? How did she ever grow into a toast?
1766 C. Anstey New Bath Guide xi. ii. 72 'Tis she that has long been the Toast of the Town.
1779 F. Burney Let. 12 Oct. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1994) III. 381 The present Beauty,..a Mrs. Musters,..the reigning Toast of the season.
1822 W. Irving Bracebridge Hall iv. 35 She will often speak of the toasts of those days as if still reigning.
1888 J. W. Burgon Lives Twelve Good Men II. 346 He..described how very lovely she was..when she was a toast at Northampton.
2. Any person, male or female, whose health is proposed and drunk to; also any event, institution, or sentiment, in memory or in honour of which a company is requested to drink; also, the call or act of proposing such a health.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] > drinking intoxicating liquor > drinking to each other or toasting > a toast
wassailc1275
proface1586
pledge1594
carouse1599
fathom health1600
skol1600
health1602
pitcher-praise1654
toast1746
hob-nob1761
loyal toast1799
salamander1868
ganbei1940
1746 H. Fielding True Patriot 21 Jan. 1/2 A Toast, which you know is another Word for drinking the Health of one's Friend..or some Person of Public Eminence.
1780 W. Cowper Mod. Patriot 10 When lawless mobs insult the Court, That man shall be my toast, If breaking windows be the sport, Who bravely breaks the most.
1831 J. Sinclair Corr. II. 84 [Tour in 1775] He then gave as a toast, ‘Success to Scotland, and its worthy inhabitants’. The sentiment was drank with much enthusiasm.
a1860 T. Keightley cited in Worcester When the toast went out of use, the sentiment took its place, and this I can remember myself. At length toast came to signify any person or thing that was to be commemorated: as ‘The King’, ‘The Land we live in’, etc.
1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. ii. 76 You'll rally round the throne—and the King, God bless him, and the usual toasts.
1884 Marshall's Tennis Cuts 229 Wine (..for doing honour to the toasts), cigars, etc. amounted to another 14s.
Compounds
C1. General attributive.
toast-drinking n.
ΚΠ
1908 Westm. Gaz. 12 Aug. 8/1 The members..were pledged to abstain from toast-drinking.
toast-list n.
ΚΠ
1882 Ld. Dalhousie in Daily News 5 Jan. 2/3 Those gentlemen whose names are down on the toast-list to respond for the House of Commons.
toast-man n.
ΚΠ
1814 Sporting Mag. 44 45 Oft amid the merry tattle, The toastman's empty cup would rattle.
C2.
toast-master n. one who at a public dinner or the like is appointed to propose or announce the toasts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] > drinking intoxicating liquor > drinking to each other or toasting > person
pledger1576
toaster1702
toast-master1749
hob-nobber1816
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. vii. xii. 97 The Lieutenant, who was the Toast-master, was not contented with Sophia only. He said, he must have her Sir-name. View more context for this quotation
1768 O. Goldsmith Good Natur'd Man iii. 40 No man was fitter to be toast-master to a club.
1818 W. Scott Let. 12 Nov. (1933) V. 213 I was at the cattle show on the 6th & executed the delegated task of toast master.
toast-master glass n. (also toast-master's glass) a drinking-glass having a thick bowl on a tall stem and thus giving the impression of having greater capacity than it really has.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > drinking vessel > [noun] > glass
glassc888
verrea1382
Venice glass1527
rummer1625
bottle glass1626
Malaga glassa1627
flute1649
flute-glass1668
long glass1680
mum-glass1684
toasting glass1703
wine glass1709
tulip-glass1755
tun-glass1755
water glass1779
tumbler-glass1795
Madeira glass1801
tumbling glass1803
noggin glass1805
champagne glass1815
table glass1815
balloon glass1819
copita1841
firing glass1842
nobbler1842
thimble glass1843
wine1848
liqueur-glass1850
straw-stem1853
pokal1854
goblet1856
mousseline1862
pony glass1862
long-sleever1872
cocktail glass1873
champagne flute1882
yard-glass1882
sleever1896
tea-glass1898
liqueur1907
dock-glass1911
toast-master glass1916
Waterford1916
stem-glass1922
Pilsner glass1923
Amen glass1924
ballon1930
balloon goblet1931
thistle glass1935
snifter1937
balloon1951
shot-glass1955
handle1956
tulip1961
schooner1967
champagne fountain1973
1916 J. H. Yoxall Collecting Old Glass ix. 63 (heading) Toastmaster glasses.
1919 M. Percival Glass Collector 162 Toast-masters' [sic] glasses are found in many varieties.
1969 Canad. Antiques Collector Oct. 25/1 The tiny, clear toastmaster glass was usually solid except for a narrow v-shaped depression at the top capable of holding a bare half-ounce of liquor.
toast-mistress n. a female toast-master.
ΚΠ
1921 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 7 Apr. 7/5 The toast mistress, Mrs. Sutton, referred in very complimentary terms to the naval lads and their splendid services during the war.
1979 Arizona Daily Star 5 Aug. j 6/1 She..has been picked as ‘Toastmistress of the Year’.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
toastn.3
/təʊst/, U.S. /toʊst/, Caribbean English /toːs/ Chiefly U.S. (in African-American usage) and Caribbean.
1. A type of long narrative poem recited extempore.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > narrative poem > [noun] > other types of narrative poem
comedya1413
tragica1679
lai1774
fabliau1804
dream poem1850
parable-poem1884
dream vision1906
corrido1911
toast1962
1962 R. D. Abrahams in Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 75 210 Many of them [sc. insults] take the form of rhymes or puns, signaling the beginning of the bloom of verbal dexterity which comes to fruition later in the long narrative poem called the ‘toast’.
1972 T. Kochman Rappin' & Stylin' Out 261 The best talkers from this group often become the successful streetcorner, barber shop, and pool hall storytellers who deliver the long, rhymed, witty narrative stories called ‘toasts’.
2003 O. Jemie Yo' Mama! 60 It has come to be regarded as more or less canonical that the toast has two basic hero types: one is the bully or badman..and the other is the trickster.
2. In reggae: an improvised rhythmic speech delivered over a recorded rhythm track or instrumental version of a record.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > [noun] > accompanying by singing or shouting
toasting1976
toast1980
1980 N. Kimberley in J. Collis Rock Primer 249 The wedding of John Holt's sentimental singing and Roy's effervescent toast..show [sic] us the new musical idiom in full flower.
1983 Listener 19 May 22/3 Loud and bass-heavy ‘dub’ music with a patois talkover ‘toast’ booms into the bus.
2003 Beat No. 1. 18/2 The Heptones' ‘Pretty Looks’ with a toast from Jah Scully as a B-side to original Heptones Leroy Sibbles' powerful ‘This World’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
toastv.1
/təʊst/, U.S. /toʊst/ 1.
a. transitive. To burn as the sun does, to parch; to heat thoroughly. Obsolete except as transferred from 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > subject or expose to heat or fire [verb (transitive)] > damage or injure by heat or fire > burn or scorch
swithec1220
forscalda1225
scalda1300
broilc1375
toast1398
bysweltc1420
squarken1530
sear1590
torrefy1601
plot1606
reese1618
ustulate1623
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xv. lii Ethiopia..þe sonne is nyȝe and rosteþ and tosteþ ham.
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. ii. 6 b They haue for armes or weapons certaine staues of an Oke tree bathed or toasted with fire.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §665 The Earth whereof the grass is soon parched with the Sun and toasted.
1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 106 Some flowers must be warmed, some toasted, and some almost scalded.
1861 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing (new ed.) viii. 56 A careful woman will air her whole bedding, at least once a week,..by hanging it out in fine weather in the sun and air, or by toasting it before a hot fire.
b. figurative. To redden (by drinking).
ΚΠ
1701 C. Cibber Love makes Man v. 56 Now Charles, we'll e'en Tost our Noses over a Chirping Bottle.
c. intransitive for reflexive. To warm oneself thoroughly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > be subjected or exposed to heat or fire [verb (intransitive)] > bask in genial warmth
beekc1400
summer1568
toast1614
bask1694
1614 W. Browne Shepheards Pipe i. B iij b I will sing what I did leere..Of a skilfull aged Sire, As we tosted by the fire.
1861 J. G. Holland Lessons in Life i. 10 Toasting in the sunlight is conducive rather to reverie than thought.
2.
a. To brown (bread, cheese, etc.) by exposure to the heat of a fire, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook [verb (transitive)] > toast
toastc1440
rusk1765
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 497/2 Tooste brede, or oþer lyke, torreo.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 14 Loke þou tost fyne wete brede.
1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) cxxi. 162 Men must..toste and Rost them before the fyre.
1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 106 If it [Psillium] be perched or tosted at the fyre.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 6 Theyre corne in quernstoans thye doe grind and toste yt on embers.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 130 Toasting of cheese in Wales and seething of Rice in Turkey will enable a man freely to professe the Art of Cookery.
1682 N. Grew Idea Philos. Hist. Plants 17 in Anat. Plants The Root of Horse-Radish, toasted, tasteth like a Turnep.
1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ix. 97 Toast a Slice of Bread brown on both Sides.
1808 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 19 74 The seeds are by some people toasted, so as to be used in the manner of coffee.
1849 C. Dickens David Copperfield (1850) xxiv. 252 I'll toast you some bacon in a bachelor's Dutch-oven.
b. transferred. To warm (one's feet or toes) at a fire.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > subject or expose to heat or fire [verb (transitive)] > to genial warmth > one's legs, etc., at fire
shawm1824
toast1860
1860 R. W. Emerson Culture in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 135 People..who toast their feet on the register.
1869 J. R. Lowell Prel. in Under Willows i My Elmwood chimneys seem crooning to me..As I sit in my arm-chair, and toast my toes.
1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders 240 I toasted my feet at the fire, setting them on the hot hearthstone to dry.
c. intransitive for passive. To undergo toasting; to be toasted.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > undergo cooking [verb (intransitive)] > undergo toasting
toast1845
1845 [implied in: Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 6 i. 107 I have tasted some of these cheeses, and find them..fair toasters. (at toaster n.1 2b)].
1851 [implied in: H. Mayhew London Labour I. 9/2 ‘Here's toasters!’ bellows one with a Yarmouth bloater stuck on a toasting-fork. (at toaster n.1 2b)].
1912 N.E.D. at Toast Mod. This cheese toasts well.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)]
burna1000
forburnOE
forswealc1000
swealc1000
to burn upc1175
forswithea1250
to-brenna1300
singea1400
scorchc1475
combust1483
combure1570
toast1577
flame1582
embroil1667
flagrate1756
underburn1841
1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. vi. sig. L.vijv/2 Nabuchodonosor whose purpose was to toast with fire and vtterly to destroy the martyres of God.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. xcvi. 279 The onely fume or smoake of Nigella tosted or burnt, driueth away Serpents.
Derivatives
ˈtoasted adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > [adjective] > toasted or toastable
toastable1570
toasted1584
1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 116 For their lyuery fiue pound of tosted bread, two pounde of Beefe, and a gallon of wyne.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. i. xi. §6. 209 To draw out a Mouse with a peece of tosted cheese.
1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 606 Crumbs of toasted bread.
ˈtoasting n.1 also in combination, as toasting-jack, toasting-pan.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > toasting-fork or implement
toast-iron1483
toasting-irona1616
cheese-toaster1678
toaster1695
toast-fork1801
toasting-fork1807
toasting-jack1873
jaffle iron1981
1541–2 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 51 For..ane kais to ane toysting pan, and for ane kais to four ladillis.
1873 J. G. Holland Arthur Bonnicastle viii The girl with the toasting-jack dropped her implement to answer the unwelcome summons.
toasting-fork n. a fork used for toasting bread, etc.; figurative a rapier or sword.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > toasting-fork or implement
toast-iron1483
toasting-irona1616
cheese-toaster1678
toaster1695
toast-fork1801
toasting-fork1807
toasting-jack1873
jaffle iron1981
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > sword > [noun]
sword971
brandOE
edgeOE
ironOE
brandelletc1325
garec1330
toolc1386
brank1480
tranchefera1533
flatchet1577
Morglay1582
smiter1591
brandiron1596
Toledo1601
machaira1614
spit-frog1615
toasting-irona1616
spit1642
bilbo1676
porker1688
tilter1688
degen1699
spurtlec1700
toaster1751
toasting-fork1807
slasher1815
cheese-cutter1824
khanda1825
cheese-toaster1858
windlestraw1895
1807 R. Southey Lett. from Eng. I. xvii. 185 Pocket-toasting-forks have been invented, as if it were possible to want a toasting-fork in the pocket.
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. xiii. 197 The Dodger snatched up the toasting-fork and made a pass at the merry old gentleman's waistcoat.
1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. III. viii. 140 If I had given him time to get at his other pistol, or his toasting fork, it was all up.
toasting-iron n. archaic
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > toasting-fork or implement
toast-iron1483
toasting-irona1616
cheese-toaster1678
toaster1695
toast-fork1801
toasting-fork1807
toasting-jack1873
jaffle iron1981
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > sword > [noun]
sword971
brandOE
edgeOE
ironOE
brandelletc1325
garec1330
toolc1386
brank1480
tranchefera1533
flatchet1577
Morglay1582
smiter1591
brandiron1596
Toledo1601
machaira1614
spit-frog1615
toasting-irona1616
spit1642
bilbo1676
porker1688
tilter1688
degen1699
spurtlec1700
toaster1751
toasting-fork1807
slasher1815
cheese-cutter1824
khanda1825
cheese-toaster1858
windlestraw1895
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. iii. 99 Put vp thy sword betime, Or Ile so maule you, and your tosting-Iron . View more context for this quotation
1836 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) IV. 164 An order ensued, that..the Sir Charles Grandisons of the day should leave their toasting-irons in another room.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
toastv.2
1. intransitive. To name a person to whose health or in whose honour, or a thing or sentiment to the success of which or in honour of which, the company is requested to drink; to propose or drink a toast. Const. to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [verb (intransitive)] > drink intoxicating liquor > drink toasts or healths
hailc1275
to drink (a person's) hailc1325
to drink good lucka1529
pledge1546
carouse1583
skola1599
to drink off (or eat) candle-ends1600
health1628
to begin to a person1629
bumper1691
toast1699
to drink hob or nob, hob a nob1756
hob-nob1763
hobber-nob1800
to look towards (a person)1833
propine1887
ganbei1940
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Tost, to name or begin a new Health. Who Tosts now? Who Christens the Health?
1701 F. Manning Poems 73 When ere I Toast..I'll begin No Giant's Health.
1709 M. Prior Hans Carvel 111 The Colonel toasted to the best.
1756 W. Toldervy Hist. Two Orphans IV. 207 The sage of the cottage..toasted to the prosperity of his liberal benefactors!
2. transitive. To name when a toast is drunk; to drink in honour of (a person or thing).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [verb (transitive)] > drink intoxicating liquor > pledge or toast
to drink to1530
pledge1546
brince?1567
brinks1568
carouse1583
dipa1657
toast1700
respect1708
bumper?1764
to look toward ——1833
propine1887
skol1935
ganbei1976
1700 W. Congreve Way of World iv. i. 59 Mir. That on no account you encroach upon the mens prerogative, and presume to drink healths, or toste fellows. Mill... I toste fellows, Odious Men!
1703 N. Rowe Fair Penitent Epil. Ev'ry marry'd Man shall toast his Wife.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 462. ⁋4 With continual toasting Healths to the Royal Family.
1794 R. B. Sheridan Duenna (new ed.) i. 9 I love dearly to toast her.
1828 T. B. Macaulay Hallam's Constit. Hist. in Edinb. Rev. Sept. 99 The cause for which Hampden bled on the field, and Sidney on the scaffold, is..toasted by many an honest radical.
1836 Random Recoll. Ho. Lords ix. 192 Times without number did he toast ‘The Liberty of the Press’.
1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. x. 235 They..toasted past and present heroes or beauties in flagons of College ale.
Derivatives
ˈtoasting n.2 and adj.
ΚΠ
1703 Garth Verses for Toasting-Glasses of Kit-Cat-Club 28 When Jove to Ida did the gods invite, And in immortal toasting pass'd the night.
a1854 Ld. Cockburn Memorials (1856) i. 40 In that toasting and loyal age, the King was never forgotten.
1885 Manch. Examiner 14 May 5/1 The institution of dinners with elaborate toasting.
toasting glass n. a glass used for drinking toasts, formerly inscribed with the name of a belle or with verses in her honour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > drinking vessel > [noun] > glass
glassc888
verrea1382
Venice glass1527
rummer1625
bottle glass1626
Malaga glassa1627
flute1649
flute-glass1668
long glass1680
mum-glass1684
toasting glass1703
wine glass1709
tulip-glass1755
tun-glass1755
water glass1779
tumbler-glass1795
Madeira glass1801
tumbling glass1803
noggin glass1805
champagne glass1815
table glass1815
balloon glass1819
copita1841
firing glass1842
nobbler1842
thimble glass1843
wine1848
liqueur-glass1850
straw-stem1853
pokal1854
goblet1856
mousseline1862
pony glass1862
long-sleever1872
cocktail glass1873
champagne flute1882
yard-glass1882
sleever1896
tea-glass1898
liqueur1907
dock-glass1911
toast-master glass1916
Waterford1916
stem-glass1922
Pilsner glass1923
Amen glass1924
ballon1930
balloon goblet1931
thistle glass1935
snifter1937
balloon1951
shot-glass1955
handle1956
tulip1961
schooner1967
champagne fountain1973
1703 Garth (title) Verses written for the Toasting-Glasses of the Kit-Cat-Club.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xx. 455 A few well turned lines inscribed on a set of toasting glasses.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online September 2021).
toastv.3
/təʊst/, U.S. /toʊst/, Caribbean English /toːs/ Chiefly U.S. (in African-American usage) and Caribbean.
1. intransitive. To recite a long narrative poem extempore. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1953 L. Durst Jives of Dr Hepcat 6 At a party one of the ace hi gets up to toast.
1978 J. S. DeStefano Lang., Learner, & School iv. 93 Men can gain prestige and status in the community through their ability to toast, which is to recite these poems containing stock characters such as the signifying monkey.
2. intransitive. In reggae: to deliver improvised rhythmic speech over a recorded rhythm track or instrumental version of a record. Also transitive: to deliver (improvised rhythmic speech) in this way; to deliver such speech over (a recorded rhythm track or instrumental version of a record).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (intransitive)] > accompany by speaking or shouting
toast1976
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (transitive)] > accompany by speaking or shouting
toast1976
1976 [implied in: New Musical Express 17 Apr. 17/5 Another bass riff that cracks foundations, knocks down walls, and brushes aside nine stone weaklings, but this and all the dubwise trickery in Trenchtown can't hide the absolute ordinariness of Woosh's toasting. (at toasting n.3 2)].
1976 Guardian 18 Sept. 8/4 Dub reggae is a voiceless backing track over which disc jockeys can ‘toast’, that is to say, supply their own words.
1980 N. Kimberley in J. Collis Rock Primer 249 Much of the strength of ‘Your Ace From Space’, ‘Version Galore’, etc, lies in the original rhythm which Roy toasts.
2006 D. V. Moskowitz Caribbean Pop. Music 120 Trees toasts his lyrics in a dancehall style that is a mixture of slackness..and consciousness elements.
2019 @GabrielHeatwave 6 Feb. in twitter.com (accessed 9 Dec. 2020) His work with U Roy and Duke Reid was key in popularising deejays—who didn't sing, but spoke, chatted or toasted over records.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1c1430
n.21700
n.31962v.11398v.21699v.31953