α. 1600s acide, 1600s– acid.
β. (In sense B. 4) 1900s– aciid, 1900s– aciieed, 1900s– aciied; forms with i or e occurring three or more times are also attested.
acidadj.n.
/ˈasɪd/, U.S. /ˈæsəd/ A. adj.
1.
a. In general use: sour, tart, sharp to the taste; tasting like vinegar.In some scientific contexts hard to distinguish from sense A. 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [adjective]
sourc1000
sourish1398
acetosea1400
eagerc1405
acetous?a1425
crabbed1565
sharpish1589
unsugared1592
flatten1594
Amerine1601
acetosous1605
acerba1616
acid1626
acidulous1674
salso-acid1697
acescent1707
sugarless1785
acidulent1800
blink1883
brut1891
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [adjective] > rough or acid
rough?1440
hard1572
hungry1577
acid1998
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum vii. §672 It [sc. sorrel] is a cold and acid herb.
1626 E. Deane (title) A briefe treatise of the acide, or tart fountaine in the forest of Knaresborow.
1660 J. Childrey Britannia Baconica 42 Its tast is manifestly acide without astriction.
1768 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. at Karatas This plant is very common in the West Indies, where the juice of its fruit is often put into punch, being of a sharp acid flavour.
1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. ii. 157 The sour or acid taste is much more uniform in its nature than either the saline or the alkaline.
1866 J. T. Syme in J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. 830 This plant has a pleasant acid taste.
1913 C. Pettman Africanderisms 559 It [sc. the fruit of Ximenia caffra] is very acid but of a pleasant flavour.
1970 D. Wilkinson Arctic Coast iii. vii. 70/2 Leaves and stems [of sorrel grass] are succulent and juicy, with the strong acid taste of ‘green’ apples.
1998 Grocer 12 Sept. 54/1 (advt.) This Barrel Fermented Chardonnay is a crisp citrussy acid wine that has a long spicy finish.
b. figurative. Of a person or thing (esp. a tone, demeanour, etc.): sour, sharp; cutting, bitter.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [adjective] > sharply
sharp?c1225
quipping1542
sharp-fanged1598
wittya1616
spinousa1638
scalding1641
spinose1660
smart1665
acid1756
caustic1771
rapped-out1831
1756 W. Kenrick Epist. Lorenzo ii. 44 No Hypocrite, with acid face..invade[s] This spotless consecrated shade.
1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1775 I. 484 Beauclerk..said, in his acid manner, ‘He would cut a throat to fill his pockets, if it were not for the fear of being hanged.’
1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey IV. vi. vi. 202 A hale old woman, with rather an acid expression of countenance.
1851 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice I. xxiii. 264 The mere dogtooth is an acid moulding, and can only be used in certain mingling with others, to give them piquancy; never alone.
1860 C. M. Yonge Hopes & Fears II. x. 189 Her destination was in the hands of a comparative stranger, urged on by the dull Augusta and the acid Juliana.
1879 Appletons' Jrnl. Mar. 224/2 An acid temper made him an extremely severe critic.
1934 B. Lehmann Rumour of Heaven i. ii. 23 Every care and kindness was flavoured by acid remarks in fear that any member of the family might discover that she was ‘soft’.
1950 J. Hersey Wall v. xi. 511 Slonim has been able, as he would not have been able in his more acid days, to earn the respect and trust of his German factory manager, Merck.
2004 Sydney Morning Herald 31 July (Spectrum section) (heading) Notorious for his acid reviews, the ‘most hated man’ now insists his dissing days are over.
2. Chemistry.
a. Having the properties of an acid (sense B. 1); that is or contains an acid; (of a solution, medium, etc.) having a pH less than 7; acidic. Also: of or relating to acids. Contrasted with alkaline, basic.See historical note at sense B. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > acids > [adjective] > relating to acids general
acid1651
acidic1873
1651 J. French Art Distillation v. 139 Dissolve any sulphurous, and Imperfect metall..in Aqua fortis, or any other acid Spirit.
1674 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 9 61 Fire then, according to him, is a most swift Motion of a Volatil acid Sulphur.
1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) 85 The mild native acids are observed more kindly to work upon, and more thoroughly to dissolve metallic bodies, than the strongest acid spirits produced by a vehement fire.
1785 Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1 562 This saline substance was neither acid nor alkaline, it left a saltish impression on the tongue, and a copperish taste.
1788 J. St. John tr. L. B. Guyton de Morveau et al. Method Chym. Nomencl. 64 It is only for want of oxygen that the oxyds of..molybdenum, are not absolutely acid.
1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 48 The analysis of mineral bodies..by the application of acid and alkaline menstrua.
1873 A. W. Williamson Chem. for Students (ed. 3) §58 The solution has a slightly acid reaction to litmus-paper.
1921 Amer. Naturalist 55 440 This color reaction is brought about by even faintly acid solutions.
1969 T. R. Blackburn Equilibrium ii. 66 If a solvent is both appreciably acid and appreciably basic (as water is), it will have a measurable autoprotolysis constant.
1990 Which? Apr. 201/2 Most salad dressings are too acid for bacteria to grow in them.
2003 Ecologist May 50/3 9 per cent of UK waste is incinerated. The by-products..include..a slew of acid gases.
b. Of a salt or ester: derived from an acid by partial replacement of available hydrogen atoms, and hence containing further replaceable hydrogen atoms. Cf. acid salt n. at Compounds 1c.
ΚΠ
1821 A. Ure Dict. Chem. (U.S. ed.) at Acid (Lactic) If the lactic acid is digested with the carbonate of lead, it becomes browner than before, but cannot be fully saturated with the oxide; and we obtain an acid salt, which does not crystallize.
1858 H. Watts & R. Bridges Graham's Elem. of Inorg. Chem. (U.S. ed. 2) 705 If only part of the hydrogen is thus replaced, the salt is acid.
1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) iv. 94 Dibasic acids yield two series of esters—(1) acid esters and (2) neutral esters.
1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xiv. 340 Persulphates..can be prepared by electrolysis of concentrated solutions of acid sulphates.
1953 A. G. E. Pearse Histochem. iv. 59 No single relevant chemical characteristic..is known to be shared by all the materials listed above, although the majority of them are either acid mucopolysaccharides or mucoproteins.
2006 M. Pollan Omnivore's Dilemma v. 113 Listed first are the ‘leavening agents’: sodium aluminum phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate, and calcium lactate.
3. Designating soil, earth, etc., whose moisture is mildly acidic, with a pH of less than 7. Of land: characterized by such soil.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [adjective] > other types of soil
redeOE
Armeniac?a1425
rosiny1613
Chiltern1669
light land1770
acid1806
residuary1829
mottled1845
sedentary1870
residual1876
azonal1896
Bulli1904
immature1921
mature1924
intrazonal1927
podzolic1927
pedalferic1928
pedocalic1928
solonetzic1935
planosolic1949
solodic1968
cryptogamic1973
cryptobiotic1992
1806 Rep. Arts, Manufactures, & Agric. 9 34 The erica vulgaris, or common heath or ling, abounding in land, is generally a proof of an acid soil.
1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 394 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV ‘Acid’ soils,..indicated by the growth of sorrel..and other sour plants.
1919 A. Agee Right Use of Lime in Soil Improvem. xviii. 87 In the case of neutral or slightly acid ground it is good practice to mix four tons of limestone per acre thoroughly with the soil.
1945 W. O. Howarth & L. G. G. Warne Lowson's Textbk. Bot. (ed. 9) xxi. 513 Basic ions are in short supply in acid peat.
1987 Nat. World Winter 16/1 Of the 93,600 acres within the perambulation [of the New Forest], there are 30,900 acres of heathland and acid grassland.
1993 Your Garden May 11/3 To grow azaleas and rhododendrons successfully, you really need a rich acid loam full of leafmould.
4.
a. Geology. Of igneous rock: relatively rich in silica; (of volcanism) involving silica-rich magma. Contrasted with basic adj. 2b. Cf. acidic adj. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [adjective] > mineral composition
basic1854
acid1859
ultrabasic1881
femic1902
sal1909
ultramafic1933
komatiitic1975
1859 S. Haughton tr. J. Durocher Ess. Compar. Petrol. i. 2 An immense number of consequences may be logically derived from the following proposition..:—That all igneous rocks..were produced by two Magmas... The one may, from its excess of silica, be called the Acid Magma; while the other is comparable to a basic salt.
1874 C. Lyell Elem. Geol. xxviii. 497 Rocks containing an excess of silica from 60 to 80 per cent. are termed by many petrologists ‘acid’ rocks.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 268/1 Tridymite occurs in the cavities of acid volcanic rocks.
1933 Science 27 Jan. 101/1 In comparison with basalt, acid rock shows a greater volume change in melting and almost certainly has a smaller latent heat.
1972 P. S. Saklani in A. G. Jhingran et al. Himalayan Geol. II. 346 The author is of the opinion that such variety of the quartzofelspathic schist..is a metamorphic product of acid volcanism.
1990 C. Pellant Rocks, Minerals & Fossils 61 Quartz is a major constituent of many igneous rocks, especially the acid ones such as granite and rhyolite.
2003 D. A. Young Mind over Magma xiii. 217 Michel-Lévy..suggested that volcanic eruption sequences began with acid magma and concluded with basic magma.
b. Metallurgy. Designating a steel-making process involving refractories and slags rich in silica; relating to, involved in, or produced by such a process. Contrasted with basic adj. 2c. Now chiefly historical.
ΚΠ
1876 R. H. Thurston Rep. Commissioners U.S. Internat. Exhib. Vienna 1873 IV. 170 For the production of..bar-iron, more basic mixtures are desired, and therefore greater quantities of limestone and manganiferous ores are employed than in the charging for merchant-iron, which can often be somewhat acid.
1881 Times 12 Oct. 10/4 The basic process, as regards the quality of its products, is not only completely equal to the acid process, but even..superior.
1903 H. H. Campbell Manuf. & Prop. Iron & Steel 23 If acid steel does not follow exactly the same law as basic steel, then it is certain that they are not the same.
1952 G. H. Dury Map Interpr. xiii. 148 The local iron ore proved unsuitable for the acid Bessemer process which came to dominate steel manufacture.
1970 R. W. Thomas Iron & Steel iii. 15/1 Bessemer's original converters had acid linings (made mainly of silica).
1996 Isis 87 568/1 The superiority of basic over acid process open-hearth steel.
5. Of a colour: intense, vivid. (Sometimes as the first element in adjectival compounds.) Cf. also acid colour n. (b) at Compounds 1c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [adjective] > intense
strongOE
richc1330
finea1387
stark1547
deep1555
full1599
saturate1669
generous1710
lush1744
saturated1791
lushy1821
robust1826
raised1846
high-keyed1879
acid1916
1916 H. G. Wells Mr. Britling sees it Through i. v. 175 The dark turf at the wayside..became for a moment an acid green as the glare passed.
1923 D. H. Lawrence Birds, Beasts & Flowers (N.Y. ed.) 120 You acid-blue metallic bird.
1959 Listener 29 Jan. 209/1 The acid blues and beautifully placed creamy whites are not to be met with outside Russia.
1994 Denver Post 16 Jan. t3/3 Only acid-green lizards slithering along the rocks among the ruins..live there today.
2001 Exotic & Greenhouse Gardening June (Patio & Container Gardening Suppl.) 10/2 Variegated acid-yellow striped leaves.
B. n.
1. Chemistry.
a. Originally: any liquid or soluble substance with a sharp, sour taste and typically the ability to dissolve metals and to turn litmus and other vegetable dyes red. In later use more widely: any substance containing hydrogen which can be replaced by metals, and able to neutralize and be neutralized by alkalis and bases, forming salts. As a mass noun: liquid of this kind, typically harmful and corrosive. Also in more precise use in chemistry: (a) = carboxylic acid n. at carboxylic adj. 1; (b) any compound capable of donating protons or of accepting pairs of electrons (cf. Brønsted–Lowry n., Lewis n.4). Contrasted with alkali, base.fatty, mineral, oxygen, tar acid, etc.: see the first element.The properties of acids were at first commonly attributed to the presence of sharply pointed, penetrative particles. Beginning in the late 18th cent., the chemical nature of acids began to be determined. After Lavoisier had wrongly proposed that all acids contained oxygen (1778), the essential feature was recognized to be the presence of hydrogen, in particular the ability of acids to release hydrogen ions or protons (H+) in solution.The strength of an acid is determined by the extent to which it dissociates into ions when in solution. Strong acids (e.g. hydrochloric and sulphuric acids) are almost fully dissociated, while weak acids (e.g. ethanoic (acetic) acid) are only partially dissociated.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > sourness or acidity > [noun] > sour substance
sourc1000
acid1649
subacid1684
acescent1731
sour water1815
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > acids > [noun] > acids general
acid1649
opiano-sulphurous acid1852
1649 W. Charleton in tr. J. B. van Helmont Ternary of Paradoxes Prolegomena sig. e2 The confederate vertue of the unguent..idiosyncratically opposed to the essentiall hostility of that Acid.
1669 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 4 1055 Acids and Alcaly's mutually operate upon one another to a satiety.
1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Acid in Chymistry, that sharp Salt, or that potential and dissolving Fire which is in all mix'd Bodies, and gives 'em being. Of Acids, Vitriol is the chiefest, Sea-salt next to that.
1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 57 The Edges or Points of the Acid penetrate the gustatory Nerve.
1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T9521) 73 What the chemists say, of pure acids being never found alone, might as well be said of pure fire.
1773 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. (ed. 4) at Strife Natural contrariety; as, the strife of acid and alkaly.
1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. iii. 93 The acids found in the vegetable kingdom are numerous.
1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. III. 177 The whole fabric of chemistry rests..upon the opposition of acids and bases: an acid was certainly at first known by its sensible qualities, and how otherwise, even now, do we perceive its quality?
1879 J. McCarthy Hist. Own Times I. 42 Lord John Russell..was especially effective in a cold irritating sarcasm, which penetrated the weakness of an opponent's argument like some dissolving acid.
1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 162 Pickling, cleaning sheet-iron or wire by immersion in acid.
1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. iv. 51 Many of the metals dissolved more easily in acids if they were first burnt or calcined.
1954 E. Taylor Hester Lilly 157 In the fog, the leaves dripped with a deadly intensity, as if each falling drop were a drop of acid.
1975 P. V. Price Taste of Wine x. 181/1 Some acids are essential to good wine, for they balance the fruit and result in crispness and freshness.
1981 Pop. Hot Rodding Feb. 84/1 Oxidation produces new compounds, loosely termed sludge, varnish and acid, which are detrimental to the lubrication system.
2001 O. Sacks Uncle Tungsten vii. 71 I used some of the litmus papers that my father kept in his dispensary, and saw how they turned red with different acids or blue with alkaline ammonia.
b. Used with distinguishing adjective, ending in -ic or -ous (see -ic suffix 1b, -ous suffix ), in names of particular substances.Recorded earliest in nitrous acid n.; other early examples include sulphureous acid (1744), acetous acid (1746), vitriolic acid (1748), and muriatic acid (1755).acetic, deoxyribonucleic, hydrochloric, nitric, nitrous, phosphoric, sulphuric acid, etc.: see the first element.
ΚΠ
1682 N. Grew Exper. Luctation ii. ii. §8 in Anat. Plants 243 Upon its solution by a Nitrous Acid.
1775 W. Bewly in J. Priestley Exper. & Observ. Air II. App. i. 339 The Mephitic Acid, as I shall already venture to call it.
1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 121 The tartarous acid is entirely separated from lime, and the oxalic acid from oxide of lead, by quantities of sulphuric acid.
1877 H. Watts Fownes's Man. Chem. (ed. 12) 486 Phenol dissolves easily in strong sulphuric acid, forming ortho- and para-phenolsulphonic acid.
1924 J. B. Cohen Pract. Org. Chem. (ed. 3) 325 Lactic acid may be obtained from the zinc salt by adding dilute sulphuric acid.
1958 D. C. Jarvis Folk Med. iii. 11 Cranberry juice..contains citric, malic, quinic and benzoic acids.
1991 D. T. Sawyer Oxygen Chem. i. 13 The myeloperoxidase enzyme within the neutrophils produces hypochlorous acid.
2006 Mother & Baby Aug. 32/1 Folic acid is essential for your baby's cell growth.
2. figurative. Rancour, spite; bitterness, sourness.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > [noun]
ondeeOE
evestOE
teenOE
hatingOE
envyc1300
eftc1325
maugrec1330
spitec1330
malicea1382
despitec1400
unkindnessc1400
malignec1475
wrokea1500
doggedness1530
despitefulness1535
cankeredness1538
venomy1548
livor1589
doggishness1622
viperousness1651
acid1768
Schadenfreude1895
bitchery1936
1768 C. Anstey App. to Patriot 57 Would you write a sarcastical Thing that is pleasing? A good deal of Acid 'tis proper to squeeze in.
1837 Times 12 Oct. 3/1 The Edinburgh folks squeezed into their sauce plenty of acid... But by the time the language of vituperative criticism becomes general, [etc.].
1887 Morning Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) 2 June 8/4 ‘I never attempted, sir, to dictate who should or should not be appointed,’ exclaimed Dick, with a great deal of acid in his tone.
1956 L. Festinger et al. When Prophecy Fails 197 To this, with acid in her voice, Cleo retorted: ‘That's asinine!’
1979 Newsweek (U.S. ed.) (Nexis) 3 Sept. (Business section) 52 One of..[her] aides quickly penned an editorial remark: ‘salt-in-the-wound time’. The acid was apt.
2002 Evening Standard (Nexis) 20 Aug. 80 The fact he wraps up his remarks in an oh-so-calm, oh-so-charming Irish accent,..doesn't hide the acid that lurks behind his words.
3. slang (originally U.S.). The drug LSD. [Short for lysergic acid diethylamide n. at lysergic adj. Derivatives.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > hallucinogenic drug > LSD
white lightning1907
lysergic acid diethylamide1944
LSD1950
lysergic acid1952
acid1965
lysergide1965
purple haze1967
purple1968
Strawberry Fields1971
1965 N. Cassady Let. 2 Sept. (2005) 447 Got up late that night, got loaded on acid & went bar-hopping to hear some great Rock & Roll.
1967 Melody Maker 2 Sept. 9 People were..trying to shove STP on me, and acid.
1968 J. D. MacDonald Pale Grey for Guilt (1969) xii. 152 ‘Do you mean narcotics, girl?’ ‘That's the fuzz word. But all we had was acid and grass. Booze is a lot worse for you.’
1971 J. Lennon in J. Wenner Lennon Remembers (1972) 30 I was influenced by acid and got psychedelic, like the whole generation, but really, I like rock and roll and I express myself best in rock.
1974 K. Millett Flying (1975) i. 41 Stoned on pot and acid all day long, he calls it indulgence if we drink whisky.
1992 DJ 26 Nov. 12/2 Acid, the drug that is, was hailed as the great liberator back in the hazy, hippy sixties.
2001 Esquire Sept. 76/3 Thousands..of Americans have..an..addiction. Their drug of choice:..acid, cocaine, PCP, heroin, weed, 'shrooms, Ecstasy.
4. = acid house n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [noun] > other pop music
a cappella1905
soundclash1925
marabi1933
doo-wop1958
filk1959
folk-rock1963
Liverpool sound1963
Mersey beat1963
Mersey sound1963
surf music1963
malombo1964
mbaqanga1964
easy listening1965
disco music1966
Motown1966
boogaloo1967
power pop1967
psychedelia1967
yé-yé1967
agitpop1968
bubblegum1968
Tamla Motown1968
Tex-Mex1968
downtempo1969
taarab1969
thrash1969
world music1969
funk1970
MOR1970
tropicalism1970
Afrobeat1971
electro-pop1971
post-rock1971
techno-pop1971
Tropicalia1971
tropicalismo1971
disco1972
Krautrock1972
schlager1973
Afropop1974
punk funk1974
disco funk1975
Europop1976
mgqashiyo1976
P-funk1976
funkadelia1977
karaoke music1977
alternative music1978
hardcore1978
psychobilly1978
punkabilly1978
R&B1978
cowpunk1979
dangdut1979
hip-hop1979
Northern Soul1979
rap1979
rapping1979
jit1980
trance1980
benga1981
New Romanticism1981
post-punk1981
rap music1981
scratch1982
scratch-music1982
synth-pop1982
electro1983
garage1983
Latin1983
Philly1983
New Age1984
New Age music1985
ambient1986
Britpop1986
gangster rap1986
house1986
house music1986
mbalax1986
rai1986
trot1986
zouk1986
bhangra1987
garage1987
hip-house1987
new school1987
old school1987
thrashcore1987
acid1988
acid house1988
acid jazz1988
ambience1988
Cantopop1988
dance1988
deep house1988
industrial1988
swingbeat1988
techno1988
dream pop1989
gangsta rap1989
multiculti1989
new jack swing1989
noise-pop1989
rave1989
Tejano1989
breakbeat1990
chill-out music1990
indie1990
new jack1990
new jill swing1990
noisecore1990
baggy1991
drum and bass1991
gangsta1991
handbag house1991
hip-pop1991
loungecore1991
psychedelic trance1991
shoegazing1991
slowcore1991
techno-house1991
gabba1992
jungle1992
sadcore1992
UK garage1992
darkcore1993
dark side1993
electronica1993
G-funk1993
sampladelia1994
trip hop1994
break1996
psy-trance1996
nu skool1997
folktronica1999
dubstep2002
Bongo Flava2003
grime2003
Bongo2004
singeli2015
1988 New Musical Express 6 Feb. 10/4 In many ways Acid is the ultimate dance music.
1988 Smash Hits 19 Oct. 9/2 They dress up in silly clothes..and trot off to nightclubs and sort of wave their arms in the air and..jump about shouting ‘accceeeiiiiiiiid’ all the time to ‘Acid’ music (which is like House music except it's entirely tune-free).
1993 Wire Feb. 63/4 Fusing Acid, Deep House and New Beat, the label's assembled mutants affect innovation through inbreeding rather than originality.
2007 Palm Beach (Florida) Post (Nexis) 28 Oct. (Special section) 28 The DJs..always mix things up with a blend of old and new club music, including some hypnotic trance and acid.
Phrases
P1. Australian and New Zealand slang. to put (also try, etc.) the acid on: to exert pressure on a person (for money, favours, etc.); similarly to apply the acid.
ΚΠ
1903 Sydney Stock & Station Jrnl. 9 Oct. 6/4 There was a condition that the riders should be under ten years of age. When the stewards ‘put the acid on’ the riders, it was found that only one exhibit..carried a boy who was not over ten years old.
1906 E. Dyson Fact'ry 'Ands 210 'E put's ther acid on so't yeh think it's ther milk 'iv 'uman kindness.
1906 E. Dyson Fact'ry 'Ands 215 Evidently it was Mr Cato's intention to try the acid on Feathers again.
1935 Bulletin (Sydney) 3 Apr. 20/1 He was evidently applying the acid to ascertain if my tombstone was as good as ordered.
1947 J. Morrison in Coast to Coast 1946 158 They want to shift the ship at seven. That puts the acid on us.
1984 Dominion (Wellington) 14 Feb. 22 England skipper Bob Willis yesterday put the acid on his batsmen to perform in the remaining two days of the third cricket test.
2005 Evening Standard (Nexis) 10 June 74 Corey Flynn, the All Black and Maori hooker, is ready to take up the front challenge He said: ‘I have no doubt we can put the acid on their scrum.’
P2. British slang (originally Army slang). to come the acid (also to come the old acid): to behave in an unpleasant, aggressive, or overbearing manner; to speak in a sarcastic or caustic way.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > caustic or ironic ridicule > use caustic or ironic ridicule [verb (intransitive)]
quip1542
slent1567
quib1580
quirk1596
jerk1611
ironize1638
to Lucian it1655
iron1813
skit1821
to come the acid1917
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > sourness or bitterness of temper > become sour [verb (intransitive)] > behave or speak sourly or bitterly
to come the acid1917
1917 Londoner (1/25th Battalion, London Regiment) May 5/1 Led poor ole Pip a nell of a life he did, but my word, let anyone else try to come the acid on Pip and wasn't there a schemozzle, not half!
1917 A. G. Empey Over Top 286 ‘Coming the acid’, boasting; lying about something.
1925 E. Fraser & J. Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 3 Coming the acid, stretching the truth; making oneself unpleasant; trying to pass on a duty; exaggerating one's authority.
1939 H. Hodge Cab, Sir? xviii. 259 Any attempt to ‘come the acid’, so far from frightening the cabman, will probably result in the cabman's giving him a little fatherly advice.
1953 ‘H. Cecil’ Nat. Causes vii. 95 Why come the old acid? Not even a ‘sit down, old man—’.
1980 S. McConville in L. Michaels & C. B. Ricks State of Lang. 527 Don't come the acid. Have six moon for being flash.
2001 P. McAuley Whole Wide World 241 Don't come the acid. I'm chipped, mate, can't even take a piss without them knowing.
P3.
a. colloquial (originally U.S.). on acid: (a) (of a person) under the influence of LSD; (b) figurative in —— on acid: —— as it might be if perceived while under the influence of LSD; a bizarre or fantastic version of ——. Cf. on prep. 12f.
ΚΠ
1965 Los Angeles Times 21 Nov. k7/5 I found out a lot of things about myself on Acid (LSD) and saw a lot of my hangups (psychological problems).
1967 H. S. Thompson Hell's Angels xxi. 238 Contrary to all expectations, most of the Angels became oddly peaceful on acid.
1968 N.Y. Times 6 Oct. d32/2 Strains of Gershwin and Bernstein flash through Laura's songs... But it is Bernstein without Bernstein's sentimentality, and Gershwin perhaps on acid.
1977 N.Y. Times 10 Aug. 59/1 The film, a kind of ‘Father Knows Best’ on acid, showcases most of the director's worst qualities.
1989 C. S. Murray Crosstown Traffic ii. 48 Wired on acid..Hendrix..threw in every scene-stealing stage trick he'd ever learned.
1992 Face Apr. 73 The Caribbean restaurant..is a primary-coloured mish-mash of painted wood: a Bacardi advert on acid.
2000 N.Y. Mag. 7 Aug. 72/2 To me, this religio-erotic love bath just sounds embarrassingly awful, rather like Rachmaninoff on acid.
b. to drop acid: see drop v. 16c.
Compounds
C1. In the chemical senses of the noun and adjective.attributive uses of the noun are not always distinguishable from uses of the adjective.
a. General attributive, acid bottle, acid content, acid treatment, etc.
ΚΠ
1803 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 9 460 Acid fumigations bid fair to stop the progress of the complaint.
1832 W. Stevens Observ. Blood 446 Some melancholy proofs of the fatal effects of the acid treatment.
1877 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. ii. i. 173 Peptic digestion is essentially an acid digestion.
1883 Cent. Mag. Feb. 636/1 The acid tank is a cylindrical vessel of iron, having a helix or stirrer inside for agitating the liquid.
1919 Vinegar Hand Bk. (Hydraulic Press Manuf. Co.) 20 By titrating a given quantity of vinegar..with normal sodium hydrate,..the acid content can be definitely determined.
1940 F. F. Grout Kemp's Handbk. Rocks (ed. 6) vii. 149 Micro-fossils are detected mostly before acid treatment, but other features may be more easily seen after acid treatment or panning.
1966 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 88 4790/2 The acid strength was determined by titration with acetous potassium hydrogen phthalate.
1987 Times (Nexis) 3 Aug. Olga from Siberia was disfigured in an acid attack.
2006 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 26 July d3/4 The perceived sweetness of the fruit changes as the acid level drops.
b. Instrumental and objective.
acid-catalysed adj.
ΚΠ
1923 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 45 2513 The effect of neutral salts in accelerating the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters.
1957 R. H. Thomson Naturally Occurring Quinones iii. 67 Its formation must therefore proceed via an acid-catalysed elimination of water from the side chain and subsequent tautomerization.
2001 Chemicals & Materials from Renewable Resources (ACS Symp. Ser. No. 784) v. 54 The acid-catalyzed decomposition in alcohol efficiently and safely converts the composite materials to alkyl levulinate.
acid-etched adj.
ΚΠ
1881 Harper's Mag. Feb. 368/1 A tea-service in underglaze blue and gold, and desserts in acid-etched work, also show the decorative capabilities of the American ware.
1999 Grosvenor House Art & Antiques Fair: 1999 Handbk. 63/1 (caption) A pair of rare wheel-cut and partly acid-etched glass decanters and stoppers.
acid etching n.
ΚΠ
1873 U.S. Patent 135,610 2/1 A border or pattern..is rapidly engraved upon the wax coating of the glass or other object, which is then ready for the acid-etching process.
1977 Amer. Jrnl. Orthodontics 72 671 Acid etching of human enamel creates microporosities up to 50 microns in depth.
2002 G. McLaren Studio Glass 28 Acid etching..relies on careful masking of the glass surface and accurate timing of the period of acid immersion.
acid-forming adj.
ΚΠ
1856 Proc. Royal Soc. 8 194 (heading) Compounds of the acid-forming radicals.
1914 Lancet 28 Mar. 908/1 The air of New York schools was examined for the acid-forming streptococci.
2004 Now 2 June 55/2 Our bodies..find it hard to cope with too many acid-forming foods such as sugar, wheat, meat and processed foods.
acid-neutralizing adj.
ΚΠ
1825 Edinb. Jrnl. Sci. 2 370 In the following table, the acidifying or acid neutralizing powers, are marked.
1918 Jrnl. Industr. & Engin. Chem. 10 996/2 Three analytical methods are commonly used for determining the value of agricultural limes and limestones. 3—The determination of the acid-neutralizing power of the material.
1991 R. S. K. Barnes & K. H. Mann Fund. Aquatic Ecol. (ed. 2) vi. 115/1 In waters that do not receive acid rain, the alkalinity (or acid neutralizing capacity—ANC as it has come to be known) is roughly equivalent to the sum of calcium and magnesium.
acid-producing adj.
ΚΠ
?1892 Proc. Amer. Soc. Microscopists 1891 13 86 [In the staining of flagella] the alkali-producing organisms required an acid mordant, and..the acid-producing organisms required an alkaline mordant.
1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xxiii. 274 Chlorine possesses neither the acid-producing nor the base-producing qualities of oxygen.
2002 Wall St. Jrnl. 6 June a10/1 Among the ideas was to search hard for a drug that inhibited the same acid-producing cells as Prilosec but worked faster and better.
c. † acid austere adj. Obsolete that tastes both sharp (or sour) and astringent (cf. austere adj. 3).
acid air n. (a) Chemistry hydrogen chloride gas (now historical); (b) air containing acidic components, esp. as a result of pollution.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > air > [noun] > air in any specific place or at specific time > having increased acidity
acid air1773
1773 J. Priestley Let. 26 Sept. in B. Franklin Papers (1976) XX. 421 The most important of the observations I have made lately is of an alkaline, corresponding to my acid air.
1851 S. W. Johnson tr. C. R. Fresenius Man. Qualitative Chem. Anal. iii. 219 The yellow tint which the acid air issuing from the tube imparts to a moist slip of Brazil-wood paper.
1931 Times 29 Aug. 6/3 All my life, as far as London acid air and rain will allow, I have sought to grow green things.
1982 Washington Post 3 Aug. a10/2 The suspected culprit is ‘acid air’, made up of sulfuric acid and related pollutants.
2000 W. A. Smeaton in F. L. Holmes & T. H. Levere Instruments & Exper. Hist. Chem. ix. 219 Guyton described a striking experiment in which acid air (hydrogen chloride) and alkaline air (ammonia) were collected over mercury.
acid anhydride n. Chemistry (a) an oxide which combines with water to form an acid; (b) any of a class of organic compounds whose molecule contains two acyl groups linked by an oxygen atom (formally derived by the combination of two carboxylic acid groups with the loss of a molecule of water); cf. anhydride n.
ΚΠ
1857 Chem. Gaz. 1 Aug. 289 Cyanate of potash was submitted to dry distillation with benzoic acid anhydride.]
1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 419 They [sc. phenylamides or anilides] are formed by dry distillation of the aniline-salts, or by the action of acid anhydrides, or chlorides of acid-radicles, on aniline.
1909 E. I. Lewis Elements Org. Chem. viii. 60 It is called Acetic anhydride, the simplest of the Acid Anhydrides.
1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xxi. 235 Chromium trioxide, CrO3, and dimanganese heptoxide, Mn2O7, are acid anhydrides from which important series of salts are derived.
1955 B. C. L. Kemp Elem. Org. Chem. (new ed.) x. 144 It is to be noted that in contrast to the acid chlorides, the acid anhydrides do not fume in air.
2001 J. Clayden et al. Org. Chem. xxvii. 704 (heading) Enols and enolates from acid anhydrides.
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1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. iv. 107 A fruit like a small Plum, black, round, of an acid austere tast.
1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 614 These crystals are pure vitriol, acid-austere.
1761 Philos. Trans. 1760 (Royal Soc.) 51 475 Whether, as an acid austere medicine, they [sc. chalybeates] may cool, correct, and give a better consistence, in a colliquative state of the blood.
1793 W. Rowley Rational Pract. Physic I. 408 All astringent diet and acid austere wines are to be avoided.
1807 S. Parkes Chymical Catech. vii. 141 Gallic acid is found in the galls of commerce, and in most astringent vegetable substances. It is obtained in thin transparent plates, and in minute needle-shaped crystals, of an acid austere taste.
acid–base adj. Chemistry (usually attributive) designating a process, property, etc., involving or dependent on the reaction between an acid and a base.
ΚΠ
1902 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 6 599 The discontinuity of curve found by Konowalow in acid-base solutions for the electrical conductivity.
1913 Science 14 Mar. 394/2 It is gradually becoming clear that all the physicochemical conditions in protoplasm..are interdependent, and that carbonic acid and the acid-base equilibrium are..probably the most important variables.
1961 W. Percy Moviegoer i. v. 51 I got interested in the role of the acid-base balance in the formation of renal calculi.
1965 G. L. Lee & H. O. van Orden Gen. Chem. (ed. 2) xvii. 259 This reaction is acid-base by all theories..but the reaction of the anhydrides is acid-base only according to the Lewis Theory.
2006 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) July 6/2 Doney did not mention other acid-base chemistry systems in the ocean that might buffer or control pH in the long term.
acid bath n. an act or the process of immersing or washing something (in early medical use occasionally a person) in a container of acid or an acidic solution, typically as part of a manufacturing process; (also) the container or liquid used for this purpose; also figurative and in figurative context.
ΚΠ
1798 W. Blair Ess. Venereal Dis. iii. 115 They afforded the most satisfactory evidence in favour of his acid bath.
1804 Rep. Arts & Manuf. 5 239 The acid-bath is indispensible to give the tow a brilliant white colour.
1876 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1874–5 14 606 An ordinary workman furnished with a coarse galvanometer and a weak acid bath can ascertain the exact electro-condition of each sheet or bar [of iron].
1915 W. M. Bayliss Princ. Gen. Physiol. xix. 576 Develop [the negative] for three minutes at 18° to 20° in darkness and fix in acid bath.
1959 Jrnl. Criminal Law 49 521/1 Haigh..killed for money and dissolved his victims in an acid bath.
1990 S. King Stand (new ed.) ii. xliv. 440 All the thinking he had done had been etched in a corrosive acid-bath of terror.
2006 M. Pollan Omnivore's Dilemma v. 87 The acid bath swells the kernels and frees the starch from the proteins that surround it.
acid bomb n. an explosive device containing acid; spec. a simple home-made one in which the explosion is that of an acid-filled container under the pressure of gas evolved during an internal chemical reaction.
ΚΠ
1908 Bismarck (N. Dakota) Daily Tribune 7 Jan. 3/3 There are already several secret formulas in the possession of the government which would suffocate every man within 500 feet of the spot where acid bombs were dropped.
1972 Rep. Tribunal Events Londonderry 34 in Parl. Papers 1971–2 (H.C. 220) XXXII. 1105 It would presumably be in order under the Yellow Card rules for a soldier to fire on a person hurling bricks or acid bombs..but only after giving due warning.
2006 J. T. Thurman Pract. Bomb Scene Investig. 203 The investigation of a vehicle bombing will require more personnel than the explosion of an acid bomb in a 2-liter plastic soda bottle.
acid colour n. (a) an acid dye; (also) a colour produced by such a dye; (b) an intense or vivid colour (cf. sense A. 5).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > dye > types of dyes
pallOE
sanders1329
raddlea1350
nutgallc1450
bark1565
logwood1581
sanders-wood1615
catechu1682
cate1698
cachou1708
valonia1722
India wood1742
cutch1759
alizari1769
standard1808
iron buff1836
colorine1838
acid dye1840
garancin1843
French tub1846
suranji1848
morindin1849
water blue1851
union dye1852
indigo-carmine1855
hernant1858
pigment colour1862
rosaniline1862
rose aniline1862
bezetta1863
bottom1863
acid colour1873
paraphenylenediamine1873
indigo-extract1874
tin-pulp1874
phthalein1875
sightening1875
chrome1876
rose bengal1878
azo-colours1879
azine1887
basic dye1892
chromotrope1893
garance1896
ice colour1896
xylochrome1898
cross-dye1901
indanthrene1901
Lithol1903
vat dye1903
thioindigo1906
para red1907
vat colour1912
vat dyestuff1914
indanthrone1920
ionamine1922
Soledon1924
Solochrome1924
Solacet1938
indigoid1939
thioindigoid1943
fluorol1956
Procion1956
1873 Chem. News 17 Oct. 206/1 The property of not causing any chemical action in the presence of acid colours, or colours charged with certain metallic salts.
1888 A. Sansone Dyeing vii. 140 There is no end to the shades that can now be produced by means of these acid colours.
1910 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 746/1 Other acid colours, e.g. Chromotrope, Chrome Brown, Chromogen, Alizarin Yellow, &c.
1934 Times 5 Dec. 15 There are three pictures by Mantegna... Warm brown varnishes have subdued the acid colours.
1985 Toronto Star (Nexis) 4 Oct. d3 Bey was a standout in a coat of psychedelic acid colors.
2000 S. P. Mishra Text Bk. Fibre Sci. & Technol. viii. 132 Acid colours are dyed in strong acid baths and have some colours that are fast to light and others that are fast to washing.
acid drainage n. acidic effluent or run-off; spec. (also more fully acid mine drainage) the outflow of acid water from an area of oxidizable rock exposed to the air as a consequence of mining.
ΚΠ
1879 R. S. Tracy in A. H. Buck Treat. Hygiene & Public Health II. 447 The acid drainage of other factories should not be discharged into the same sewer with the ammoniacal liquor.
1949 W. C. Allee et al. Princ. Animal Ecol. xi. 173/2 Pools and streams with acidities as high as pH 1.8 produced by acid drainage from mines.
1977 Amer. Jrnl. Agric. Econ. 59 1073/2 Some aquifers may be destroyed by mining, others polluted by acid mine drainage, usually beginning through the groundwater.
2005 J. Diamond Collapse (2006) xv. 455 It is..necessary to cover and revegetate all areas that could be sources of acid drainage.
acid dye n. a dye which is applied in an acidic solution, the chromophore typically being an anionic species.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > dye > types of dyes
pallOE
sanders1329
raddlea1350
nutgallc1450
bark1565
logwood1581
sanders-wood1615
catechu1682
cate1698
cachou1708
valonia1722
India wood1742
cutch1759
alizari1769
standard1808
iron buff1836
colorine1838
acid dye1840
garancin1843
French tub1846
suranji1848
morindin1849
water blue1851
union dye1852
indigo-carmine1855
hernant1858
pigment colour1862
rosaniline1862
rose aniline1862
bezetta1863
bottom1863
acid colour1873
paraphenylenediamine1873
indigo-extract1874
tin-pulp1874
phthalein1875
sightening1875
chrome1876
rose bengal1878
azo-colours1879
azine1887
basic dye1892
chromotrope1893
garance1896
ice colour1896
xylochrome1898
cross-dye1901
indanthrene1901
Lithol1903
vat dye1903
thioindigo1906
para red1907
vat colour1912
vat dyestuff1914
indanthrone1920
ionamine1922
Soledon1924
Solochrome1924
Solacet1938
indigoid1939
thioindigoid1943
fluorol1956
Procion1956
1840 Med. Times 13 June 139/1 (heading) Polychromic acid dye from aloes.
1888 Jrnl. Soc. Dyers & Colourists 4 107 When wool is boiled in a neutral solution of these acid dyes it merely becomes tinted.
1969 T. C. Thorstensen Pract. Leather Technol. xi. 175 The acid dyes are attracted to the leather through the positively charged groups of the hide.
2000 S. Garfield Mauve 191 Acid dyes for wool and nylon fibres and cationic dyes for acrylic fibre.
acid embossing n. embossing of glass by treatment with acid.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > ornamental glass-work > [noun] > embossing
glass-embossing1894
acid embossing1937
1937 R. McGrath & A. C. Frost Glass in Archit. & Decoration 405 The French artist-technicians, Paule and Max Ingrand, have demonstrated more delightfully than anybody else the possibilities of acid-embossing and sand-blasting.
2001 Glass Age (Nexis) 31 Dec. 46 These patterned glasses..are also suitable for UV bonding, acid embossing, sandblasting and gilding.
acid-fast adj. [after German säurefest (1897 or earlier); compare fast adj. 1e] (esp. of mycobacteria) resistant to decolorization by mineral acids after initial staining; (also) designating or relating to this staining technique.
ΚΠ
1899 Practitioner 63 451 The chief acid-fast tubercle-like bacilli are evidently very widely distributed.
1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) xii. 166 Actinomyces... Some species are micro-aerophilic or anaerobic, and some are acid-fast.
1988 Q. N. Myrvik & R. S. Weiser Fund. Med. Bacteriol. & Mycol. (ed. 2) xxvii. 377 The acid-fast staining procedure commonly employed is the Ziehl–Neelsen method.
1997 New Scientist 5 Apr. 57/4 Bacilli which keep a stain when soaked in sulphuric acid (they are all mycobacteria) are known as acid-fast bacilli, or AFBs.
acid-fastness n. [after German Säurefestigkeit (1898 or earlier)] the property of being acid-fast, esp. as a diagnostic criterion (typically for mycobacteria) in bacteriology.
ΚΠ
1901 Lancet 27 July 243/1 The acid-fastness was, however, not specific to the tubercle bacillus.
1954 H. W. Florey Lect. Gen. Pathol. xxxiv. 628 Although one lipoid component, mycolic acid, has been reported to show acid-resistant staining, it is by no means settled that this physical property of mycolic acid is the cause of acid-fastness in the intact bacterial cell.
1998 European Jrnl. Epidemiol. 14 520/1 The composition of the growth medium may influence acid-fastness.
acid-free adj. not containing any acid; (of paper) having neutral or slightly alkaline pH and thus being more resistant to deterioration.
ΚΠ
1889 Bot. Gaz. 14 271 A mixture of acid-free absolute alcohol and turpentine.
1930 Paper Terminol. (Spalding & Hodge) 1 Acid free, paper free from any acid or other material likely to have deleterious effects.
1934 R. F. Innes Causes & Prevention Decay in Leather 1/2 Modern knowledge demands that leather should not only be ‘Acid free’ but ‘Protected’ as well.
1999 C. Mendelson Home Comforts li. 614/1 Many serious publishers have begun printing their cloth-covered editions on acid-free pulp-based paper that will last for hundreds of years.
acid hydrolase n. Biochemistry any of a class of hydrolytic enzymes typically present in lysosomes, which are active only at low pH (high acidity) and bring about the breakdown of a wide range of biological molecules.
ΚΠ
1956 Jrnl. Biophysical & Biochem. Cytol. 2 635/1 A number of other acid hydrolases appear to be associated with these particles, which have been termed lysosomes for this reason.
1981 R. N. Hardy Endocrine Physiol. ix. 126 The acid hydrolases..are discharged into the phagocytic vacuoles to initiate the digestive process when particles are engulfed.
1992 M. J. Auger & J. A. Ross in C. E. Lewis & J. O'D. McGee Macrophage i. 39 Acid hydrolases can degrade collagen, basement membrane, and other components of connective tissue.
acid hydrolysis n. Chemistry a hydrolysis reaction in which the decomposition or splitting of a compound is catalysed by an acid.
ΚΠ
1896 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 18 19 The cereal-celluloses..do not give the reactions characteristic of the pentosans, nor do the soluble products of acid hydrolysis.
1960 F. G. Mann & B. C. Saunders Pract. Org. Chem. (ed. 4) ii. 107 Alkaline hydrolysis..is usually very slow, and therefore acid hydrolysis should always be used for anilides.
2008 Weekly Times (Austral.) (Nexis) 14 May 21 Ethanol Technologies Ltd..owns patented technology that extracts sugars from the cellulose products using concentrated acid hydrolysis.
acid indigestion n. indigestion attributed to excessive hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach; acid reflux, heartburn.
ΚΠ
1773 J. Nourse Pemberton's Course Physiol. xvi. 295 In the acid indigestion, what rises in the throat, if it come far enough into mouth, tastes acid.
1839 Lancet 21 Sept. 838 This is the characteristic symptom of acid indigestion.
1915 Ogden (Utah) Standard 28 Oct. 10/3 (advt.) Gas in the stomach is dangerous... A warning of acid indigestion. Prompt use of Magnesia stops all sourness and pain.
1999 C. B. Inlander et al. Over-the-counter Doctor (rev. ed.) 162/1 Antacids are also widely used to relieve nausea associated with heartburn and acid indigestion from overeating or drinking too much.
acid-loving adj. Biology (of a plant, bacterium, etc.) thriving in acid conditions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in relation to habitat > [adjective]
fieldya1382
waterya1382
agrestial1608
subterranean1638
lucifugous1654
nemoral1656
subcutaneous1664
subterraneous1832
subtidal1852
xylophilous1862
xerophilous1863
acid-loving1870
aerobic1878
aerobian1879
aerobious1879
aerobiotic1880
subaquatic1880
aerophilous1885
facultative1887
pelagic1887
aerophile1888
autotrophic1893
heterotrophic1893
plastic1893
thermophilic1894
thermophil1896
mesophilic1897
halolimnic1898
polybathic1898
tolerant1898
limnetic1899
thermophilous1899
metatrophic1900
mixotrophic1900
paratrophic1900
mesophilous1901
benthic1902
epibenthic1902
eurybathic1902
microaerophilic1903
sympatric1904
benthoal1905
cryophile1907
benthonic1909
microaerophile1909
lenitic1916
lotic1916
psychrotolerant1924
oligosaprobic1925
polysaprobic1925
aerophilic1929
saprobic1932
primary1934
lentic1935
chemoautotrophic1936
eurytopic1937
psammic1938
saprotrophic1942
prototrophic1946
chemolithoautotrophic1949
auxotrophic1950
chemolithotrophic1953
chemoorganotrophic1953
opportunist1956
psychrophile1956
psychrophilic1958
opportunistic1960
psychrotrophic1960
oligosaprobe1990
1870 A. Winchell Sketches Creation xxiii. 251 How soon does a dressing of..sawdust develop a crop of acid-loving sorrel?
1942 Jrnl. Ecol. 30 274 A number of the algae appeared to be markedly acid-loving.
1994 Daily Tel. 11 Oct. 4/6 The bog..is home to the sundew, a rare acid-loving carnivorous plant, cotton grass, bog rosemary and rare mosses.
acid mantle n. [after German Säuremantel (H. Schade & A. Marchionini 1928, in Klin. Wochenschr. 1 Jan. 12/2)] the thin, slightly acidic layer of sebum and other secretions present on the surface of the skin and having mild antimicrobial properties.
ΚΠ
1945 M. B. Sulzberger & R. L. Baer in M. Fishbein Med. Uses Soap ii. 37 The ‘acid mantle’ is considered to be essential to the health of the skin.
1948 J. Alexander Life: its Nature & Origin iii. 43 This acid mantle is an important factor in the protection of the organism against invasion by bacteria and fungi.
1996 D. W. Brown Aromatherapy (Teach Yourself Ser.) x. 134 Commercially produced cosmetics contain synthetic substances such as preservatives, dyes and fragrances which are damaging to the skin's flora and protective ‘acid mantle’.
acid phosphate n. (a) Chemistry a phosphate of which the anion or molecule contains replaceable hydrogen atoms, esp. one containing the anions HPO42− or H2PO4−; (b) North American = phosphate n. 2 (now historical).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > aerated or carbonated drink > [noun] > other types
acid phosphate1804
mead1824
phosphate1885
sports drink1979
sport drink1983
1804 Monthly Rev. 43 (App.) 497 The component parts of those concretions which are found in human bodies..uric acid, urate of ammoniac, urate of soda, phosphate of lime, acid phosphate of lime, phosphate ammoniac magnesia, [etc.].
1885 Newark (Ohio) Daily Advocate 8 Aug. Egg phosphate is merely acid phosphate with a raw egg stirred in, the same as is sometimes done in lemonade.
1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xxxiii. 639 Tricalcium diphosphate..dissolves to some extent in water containing carbon dioxide or organic acids..probably owing to the formation of the soluble acid phosphate, CaH4(PO4)2.
1927 Amer. Mercury Nov. 371/2 There were also..the Trilby, with its acid phosphate, rye whiskey and Calisaya.
1999 Engineering Nov. 42/1 The Valvemaster products are based on an amine salt of mixed alkyl acid phosphates.
2002 A. C. Funderburg Sundae Best iii. 49 Lemon syrup, lime juice, acid phosphate, raspberry vinegar, [etc.]..were recommended for the obese.
acid precipitation n. (a) Chemistry precipitation of a salt from solution caused by the addition or presence of acid; (b) rain, snow, etc., having increased acidity, esp. as a result of atmospheric pollution; cf. acid rain n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > [noun] > with increased acidity
acid precipitation1955
1899 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 21 736 When the filtrate is precipitated by ammonia at the neutral point, any future precipitation caused by an excess of ammonia consists of or contains berberine, as a result of its incomplete removal by acid precipitation.
1939 W. E. Petersen Dairy Sci. li. 591 The principle of acid precipitation of casein has been discussed previously.
1955 Tellus 7 253/2 The principal features of the chart of Fig. I are: (a) the region of acid precipitation along the west coast.
1993 M. W. Klemens Amphibians & Reptiles Connecticut i. 6 Certain frogs and salamanders may be excluded from vernal pools that have been affected by acid precipitation.
acid-proof adj. (a) impervious to acid; capable of resisting attack or degradation by acid; (b) disused = acid-fast adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [adjective] > stopping up or blocking > without leak or tight > specific
watertight1489
wind-tight1507
wind and water tighta1550
weatherproof1647
weather-tight1648
wind-fast1648
airtight1728
steam-tight1765
waterproofed1813
gas-tight1819
acid-proof1844
gas-proof1846
oil-tight1847
mudproof1897
pressure-tight1899
draught-proof1908
weather-stripped1908
spill-proof1920
vacuum-tight1927
splash-proof1929
vapour-proof1946
1844 H. M. Noad Lect. Electr. (ed. 2) iv. 169 A trough of stoneware or glass, with partitions..dividing it into four acid proof cells.
1901 Lancet 20 July 165/1 The morphological and physiological variations of the Bacillus Tuberculosis and its relations to..other acid-proof bacilli.
1909 Installation News iii. 271 [Conduit] protected by an even and not too thick coating of acid proof, moisture resisting, flexible enamel.
1978 Metrop. Mus. Art Bull. 36 40 Rembrandt..protected the metal with an acid-proof varnish.
2007 Straits Times (Singapore) (Nexis) 20 Nov. Many fans who grew up collecting rare copies of comics and storing them in acid-proof containers for posterity will lose a bit of romance for the hobby.
acid radical n. [after French radical acide (1787 in the passage translated in quot. 1788)] Chemistry a radical derived from an acid by replacement or removal of hydrogen; an anion.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > ion > [noun] > ion with negative charge
acid radical1788
anion1834
1788 J. St. John tr. L. B. Guyton de Morveau et al. Method Chym. Nomencl. 39 The chain which appears in certain respects to unite the acid radicals [Fr. les radicaux acides] with the metals.
1869 Eng. Mech. 9 Apr. 58/2 Sulphuric anhydride SO3 when added to water, takes up the oxygen to form a new acid radical.
1947 G. Thomson Atom (ed. 3) xiv. 128 When the salt is formed, water is eliminated and takes with it the oxygen, from the metallic oxide, leaving the metal in combination with the residue of the acid, called the Acid Radical.
1994 Sci. Amer. Jan. 139/3 The life we know needs the acid radical of P[hosphorus].
acid reflux n. Medicine reflux of acidic gastric fluid into the oesophagus; (also) symptoms caused by this, heartburn.
ΚΠ
1959 Lancet 29 Aug. 234/2 [The doctor nicknamed] Old Acid Reflux..was always around,..ready to complain or condemn.]
1960 Amer. Jrnl. Med. 29 799/1 Avoidance of large meals and of the recumbent position immediately after eating are also helpful to decrease acid reflux.
1989 G. S. Sharon tr. K. Kremer et al. Esophagus, Stomach, Duodenum 70 All caustic burns of the esophagus, particularly those due to acid reflux and lye ingestion, tend to develop carcinoma in a matter of decades.
2008 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 14 Apr. 20 In general, those prone to acid reflux find it necessary to avoid alcohol in the evening.
acid-resistant adj. resistant to attack or degradation by acid; (also) acid-tolerant.In quot. 1879 as a noun. Cf. earlier acid-resisting adj.
ΚΠ
1879 U.S. Patent 219,240 1/1 A stop-out varnish or acid-resistant has been applied to portions of the article.]
1886 U.S. Patent 348,159 1/1 Lining or covering the various vessels..with an elastic and acid resistant enamel.
1927 S. A. Waksman Princ. Soil Microbiol. xxii. 594 There are acid resistant and acid sensitive types of nodule bacteria.
1964 M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 8) x. 140 They [sc. ampicillin and adicillin] are acid-resistant and can be given by mouth, but are destroyed by staphylococcal penicillinase.
2006 Guardian (Nexis) 18 Mar. (Family section) 8 Etching is a printing method where the plate is covered in an acid-resistant layer of wax.
acid-resisting adj. = acid-resistant adj.
ΚΠ
1858 J. G. Chapman Amer. Drawing-bk. ix. 271 To arrest the action of the acid at a proper moment..by means of ‘stopping out’ with an acid-resisting varnish.
1889 Science 15 Mar. 197/1 The mere fact of the stone being hardened does not add much to its durability from a chemical point of view, unless the hardening material be acid-resisting.
1944 W. Morgan in R. Greenhalgh Pract. Builder ix. 323/2 Acid-resisting asphalt can be obtained for use in printing works, breweries, pickling, factories, etc.
2001 Jrnl. Physical Chem. B. 105 9213/1 Nanocrystalline TiO2 film is well-known for its acid-resisting property.
acid salt n. Chemistry a salt having the properties of an acid; (in later use) spec. a salt which contains replaceable hydrogen atoms (cf. sense A. 2b).
ΚΠ
1652 J. French York-shire Spaw v. 51 Gold..having in it self when concocted, and perfected none of that esurine acid salt, which a subterraneal aciditie will resolve.
a1727 I. Newton in E. Chambers Cycl. (1728) (at cited word) In decompounding Sulphur..we get an Acid Salt.
1821 A. Ure Dict. Chem. at Acid (Lactic) If the lactic acid is digested with the carbonate of lead, it becomes browner than before, but cannot be fully saturated with the oxide; and we obtain an acid salt, which does not crystallize.
1912 Biol. Bull. 23 239 The addition of small quantities of acid to solutions of the neutral salt results in the production of the red colored acid salt.
2001 Colloids & Surfaces A. 183–5 255/1 The acid salt..is then oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to give the corresponding peracid.
acid-soluble adj. soluble in acidic solutions.
ΚΠ
1892 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 14 355 The acid phosphate used, gave..Acid soluble [phosphoric acid] 2.32 [per cent].
1932 R. Robison Significance Phosphoric Esters in Metabolism ii. 66 The blood contains..acid-soluble phosphoric esters occurring chiefly in the corpuscles.
1991 Sci. News 12 Jan. 21/3 Bacteria in the early stages of sporulation produce large quantities of proteins called small acid-soluble spore proteins.
acid stomach n. excessive acidity (real or supposed) of the stomach contents; indigestion attributed to this; a stomach affected by this.
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1793 Trans. Coll. Physicians Philadelphia 1 131 During her pregnancies, [she] suffered so much from an acid stomach, costiveness, fever, [etc.].
1824 Lancet 24 Apr. 126/1 Complains of acid stomach.
1925 E. W. Bok Twice Thirty xi. 310 He is a slave to his palate, and so the road which leads to an acid stomach, flatulence, an unpleasant breath, palpitation, and dizziness beckons easily to him.
1998 R. A. Ricker Smart Guide Vitamins & Healing Suppl. vi. 122 Antacids neutralize ‘acid stomach’.
acid suppressant adj. and n. (a) n. an acid-suppressing drug; (b) adj. = acid-suppressing adj.
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1978 M. M. Eisenberg Ulcers iii. xii. 147 Four out of five of the people in the acid suppressant group reported complete healing of the ulcers in six weeks.
1988 Lancet 28 May 1234/1 The acid-suppressant effect of pirenzepine..is due to the additional blockade of muscarinic receptors.
2000 Daily Tel. 8 Nov. 21/3 I am on a variety of acid suppressants and have had keyhole surgery on the oesophagus.
2002 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 11 Mar. 12/6 Many [cases of heartburn] are simply controlled with antacids or acid suppressant tablets.
acid-suppressing adj. that reduces gastric acid secretion.
ΚΠ
1978 M. M. Eisenberg Ulcers iii. xii. 147 This study clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the acid-suppressing drug.
1987 Amer. Jrnl. Med. 83 316/1 Black and colleagues..opened the modern era of effective ulcer treatment with acid-suppressing agents.
2005 Nature 6 Oct. 801/2 Unlike patients given acid-suppressing drugs, their ulcers do not return.
acid-sweet adj. [compare earlier dulcacid adj.] that tastes both sharp (or sour) and sweet.In quot. 1678 used elliptically as subject of clause.
ΚΠ
1678 tr. M. Charas Royal Pharmacopœa xi. 9 Sweet is the best of all Savours, insipid next; acid-sweet [Fr. la douce acide] holds the third place, bitter-sweet the fourth, sweet and stiptick the fifth.
1728 R. Bradley Dict. Botanicum The Rind has a spongy Substance next to it, and with an acid sweet Juice.
1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. II. 317 Apples and pears..are an agreeable acid-sweet summer fruit.
1986 J. A. Samson Trop. Fruits (ed. 2) xi. 274 The strawberry guava..is an ‘almost ideal fruit: slightly acid-sweet, fragrant, nutritious’.
2007 Patriot News (Harrisburg, Pa.) (Nexis) 31 May (Go! section) g19 Slices of zucchini and yellow squash make a soft pillow for the onions and acid-sweet tomatoes to rest on.
acid tablet n. now historical = acidulated tablet n. at acidulated adj. Compounds; cf. acid drop n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet > acid sweets
sour-sweet1603
acid drop1783
acidulated drop1827
acidulated tablet1889
acid tablet1893
sour-ball1900
nippy sweetie1994
1893 Era Formulary 69/1 Work all thoroughly into the sugar, and then pass it through the acid tablet rollers.
1902 Boy's Realm 29 Nov. 388/4 He should carry about him a few acid tablets, and slip one of these in his mouth when the desire for smoking is particularly strong upon him.
1914 Times 17 Sept. 11 Mrs. Bernard Grissell..asks on behalf of the Norfolk Regiment for handkerchiefs, bootlaces, illustrated papers and magazines..acid tablets and drops.
2006 Daily Mail (Nexis) 19 July 50 Non-smokers' boxes [sent to soldiers in 1914] contained a packet of acid tablets, a writing case, [etc.].
acid-tolerant adj. (of a plant, bacterium, cell, etc.) capable of withstanding or thriving in an acidic environment.
ΚΠ
1911 C. E. Marshall Microbiol. for Agric. & Domest. Sci. Students 177 Prevent bacterial growth by adding about 1 per cent of lactic acid or very active lactic bacteria together with an acid-tolerant yeast.
1949 E. V. Hardenburg Potato Production xvii. 258 Well-drained, acid soil..may be covered with goldenrod, paintbrush, berry briars, and other acid-tolerant plants when not under cultivation.
2003 Washington Post 30 Sept. (Home ed.) f1/2 Barrett's esophagus..occurs when acid-tolerant intestinal cells replace the irritated esophageal cells.
acid value n. a quantity expressing the free acid content of a substance, esp. an oil or fat.The acid value is calculated by determining the mass of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize 1g of the substance.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > acids > [noun] > measure of content
acid value1896
1896 Analyst 21 192 The ether value thus obtained, added to the acid value, gave the saponification number.
1955 Lancet 9 July 95/2 The resin mixture penetrates plant cuticles easily, and it has a very low acid value.
1996 Sci., Technol., & Human Values 21 13 Oil quality..is measured by several different types of standards including..content of unsaponifiable matter, acid value, and peroxide value.
acid-washed adj. (of fabric or clothing, esp. of denim) washed with abrasives and chemicals to produce a worn or faded appearance.
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1987 Daily News Record (U.S.) 12 Jan. 8/5 [He] was particularly pleased with the acid-washed and faded denim looks.
2005 J. MacGregor Sunday Money xiii. 338 She wore an orange belly shirt and low-rise acid-washed jeans that rose only barely to the swell of her hips.
C2. (In sense B. 3.)
a. attributive with sense ‘of, relating to, or characterized by (taking) acid’, as acid party, acid tab, acid user, etc.
ΚΠ
1965 Los Angeles Times 21 Nov. k7/3 Another takes it every Sunday. ‘Instead of church, Sunday is Acid Day.’
1966 Life 25 Mar. 30c/1 A bad trip—a sudden vision of horror or death which often grips LSD users when they take it without proper mental preparation—overtakes a teen-age girl at an ‘acid party’ near Hollywood's Sunset Strip.
1969 Listener 24 Apr. 578/2 For these ‘acid drop-outs’ the frontier between reality and fantasy is blurred.
1970 A. Toffler Future Shock xiii. 261 Blending the blue jeans of the beats with the beads and bangles of the acid crowd, the hippies became the newest..subcult.
1988 Times 29 Aug. 16/6 I'm a bit of an acid casualty myself, I'll admit that.
1992 R. Graef Living Dangerously iv. 112 I found out she was a trip head, an acid junkie.
2007 Irish Post (Nexis) 19 Sept. (Entertainment section) I know a guy whose life was ruined..because someone spiked him with three acid tabs.
b.
acid-eating adj. characterized by the taking of acid; that takes acid.
ΚΠ
1967 H. S. Thompson Hell's Angels xxi. 239 My own acid-eating experience is limited in terms of total consumption, but widely varied as to company and circumstances.
1995 Sports Illustr. 29 May 22/3 An entourage that at various times included Hollywood celebrities and fawning women, awestruck gamblers and acid-eating Deadheads.
2005 Pitch (Kansas City, Missouri) (Nexis) 14 Apr. His adventurous 1969 album..sold more copies than any jazz album before it—thanks largely..to a bunch of acid-eating college kids.
acid freak n. a person who takes acid, esp. habitually (see freak n.1 4c).
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the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > [noun] > drug-user > user of hallucinogens
acid freak1966
acid head1966
psychedelic1966
psychedel1967
psychedeliac1975
1966 Independent Press-Telegram (Long Beach, Calif.) 6 Feb. A5/1 The junkies, hypes, weedheads and pill-poppers have been joined by a new, self-styled sophisticate..—the acid freak—dabbler in LSD.
1972 J. Wambaugh Blue Knight (1973) xvi. 293 What've you got, boy? Bennies or reds? Or maybe you're an acid freak?
2001 H. Collins No Smoke vi. 77 The acid freaks, swaying their hair back and forward as they acknowledge some personal tribute to a trip experienced in a previous happening.
acid-fried adj. under, or as if under, the influence of acid; affected by the long-term use of acid.
ΚΠ
1985 Christian Sci. Monitor 20 Mar. 24/4 Jim Turner plays the acid-fried ‘Randee of the Redwoods’.
1996 Raygun Nov. 26 ‘Mexico or Bust’ sounds like an acid-fried spaghetti western soundtrack.
2002 List (Glasgow & Edinb. Events Guide) 4 July 15/1 The villains had diabolic schemes so dumb that even this bunch of acid-fried softheads could work out the mystery.
acid head n. a person who takes acid, esp. habitually (see head n.1 13a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > [noun] > drug-user > user of hallucinogens
acid freak1966
acid head1966
psychedelic1966
psychedel1967
psychedeliac1975
1966 Life 25 Mar. 28/1 (caption) Los Angeles ‘acid heads’ (LSD users) and spectators watch member of troupe called the Acid Test dance under the influence of the drug.
1966 New Statesman 16 Sept. 387/1 LSD-takers, or acidheads, look upon Aldous Huxley as a sort of John the Baptist.
1974 M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. i. 13 With the realization that the..‘acid head’, and ‘dope addict’ also reside in ‘good, middle-class homes’, the public..has become increasingly concerned.
2004 E. Reid D.B. vii. 190 Fogged-out acid heads and dropouts..sat around the town square.
acid-hued adj. vivid, psychedelic (cf. sense A. 5).
ΚΠ
1971 F. Alderson New ‘Grand Tour’ 67 These packed alleyways shout with garish colour,..whole walls of aniline-dyed carpet or acid-hued brocade.
1977 Rolling Stone 30 June 124/1 If they ever do play either the dark side or light side of the moon, rest assured they will bedeck those static craters with helium-filled pigs and acid-hued light shows.
2003 Border Crossings (Nexis) Aug. The soft sculptures he has produced—spongy compilations..swaddled in foam rubber, newspaper and fabric tape, and then painted in acid-hued colours.
acid rock n. a style of rock music popular chiefly in the late 1960s and early 1970s, typically featuring extended improvisatory solos, distorted or effects-enhanced guitar sounds, and surrealistic lyrics, intended to evoke or accompany the use of acid (cf. psychedelic adj. 2a).See also acid house n., acid jazz n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [noun] > rock > types of
jazz-rock1915
rockabilly1956
rockaboogie1956
hard rock1959
folk-rock1963
soft rock1965
surf rock1965
acid rock1966
raga rock1966
progressive rock1968
Christian rock1969
cock rock1970
punk1970
punk rock1970
space rock1970
swamp rock1970
techno-rock1971
glitter rock1972
grunge1973
glam-rock1974
pub rock1974
alternative rock1975
dinosaur rock1975
prog rock1976
AOR1977
New Wave1977
pomp rock1978
prog1978
anarcho-punk1979
stadium rock1979
oi1981
alt-rock1982
noise1982
noise-rock1982
trash1983
mosh1985
emo-core1986
Goth1986
rawk1987
emo1988
grindcore1989
darkwave1990
queercore1991
lo-fi1993
dadrock1994
nu metal1995
1966 Life 9 Sept. 68/3 True ‘acid rock’ goes deeper psychedelically than just lyrics.
1971 E. E. Landy Underground Dict. 22 Acid rock is considered to be the musical equivalent of an LSD-induced state.
1972 Sat. Night (Toronto) Sept. 42/2 Like light shows, psychedelic posters and acid rock, it seems to have emerged first in California.
2005 Vancouver Province (Nexis) 5 Oct. b5 Fifties instrumentals vie with 1970s acid rock..as the film dreamily segues between eras.
acid trip n. a trip (trip n.1 5a) induced by acid.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > effects of drugs > [noun] > effects of hallucinatory drugs
trip1959
freaking-out1965
acid trip1966
freak-out1966
head trip1967
tripping1968
turn-on1969
trippiness1976
1966 Press-Courier (Oxnard, Calif.) 31 May 1/8 Due to recent sensational publicity, few area residents are unaware of the nature of LSD's ‘hallucination powers’ which result in ‘acid trips’.
1982 T. Gunn Occasions of Poetry ii. 182 The acid trip is unstructured, it opens you up to countless possibilities.
2003 G. Shteyngart Russ. Debutante's Handbk. iii. xvii. 161 During a particularly upsetting acid trip, Baobab had carved his initials and those of Michel Foucault into the Bench.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
> as lemmas
acid
sphingomyelic adj.
Brit. /ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)mʌɪˈɛlɪk/
, /ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)mʌɪˈɛlɪk/U.S. /ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˌmaɪˈɛlɪk/
( acid)./ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˌmaɪˈɛlɪk/ΚΠ
1884 J. L. W. Thudichum Treat. Chem. Constit. Brain 115 Sphingomyelic acid.
acid
sphingomyelinic adj.
Brit. /ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)mʌɪəˈlɪnɪk/
, /ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)mʌɪəˈlɪnɪk/U.S. /ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˌmaɪəˈlɪnɪk/
( acid)./ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˌmaɪəˈlɪnɪk/ΚΠ
1916 A. P. Mathews Physiol. Chem. 575 Sphingomyelinic acid..yields sphingol, an alcohol,..sphingosin, a base..and sphingo-stearic acid.
acid
sphingostearic adj. /ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˈstɪrɪk/ ( acid).
Brit. /ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)stɪˈarɪk/
, /ˌsfɪŋɡə(ʊ)stɪˈarɪk/U.S. /ˌsfɪŋɡoʊstiˈɛrɪk/
, /ˌsfɪŋɡoʊstiˈɛrɪk//ˌsfɪŋɡoʊˈstɪrɪk/ΚΠ
1884 J. L. W. Thudichum Treat. Chem. Constit. Brain 116 Sphingostearic acid.
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adj.n.1626as lemmas