tortn.

Brit.

/tɔːt/, U.S.

/tɔrt/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s torte.

Etymology: < Old French tort (11th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter) = Provençal tort, Spanish tuerto, Italian torto, medieval Latin tortum, wrong, injustice (compare tortum facere, 864, in Capitul. Caroli II), sbst. use of Latin tortus, tortum twisted, wrung, past participle of torquēre to twist, wring.

†1.

a. Injury, wrong. Obsolete. [See tortious adj. 1.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > harm, injury, or wrong > [noun]

loathc900

harmOE

teenOE

griefc1330

injurec1374

injuryc1384

truitc1390

spitea1400

wrethec1400

supprise1442

trouble1463

damage1470

objectionc1475

interess1489

tort1532

mishanter1754

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harm or injury > [noun]

loathc900

teenOE

ungrithlOE

wemming1100

waningc1175

wrongc1275

prejudicec1300

derea1325

torferc1325

eviltyc1330

griefc1330

wem1338

injurec1374

truitc1390

noyinga1398

inconvenience14..

nocument?a1425

outraya1425

injuryc1430

mischieving1432

supprise1442

incommodityc1450

interess1489

grudge1491

tort1532

wreaka1542

impeachment1548

inconveniency1553

indemnity1556

interestc1575

abuse1595

mischievance1600

oblesion1656

grit1876

1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxxxvii^v Than were tort and forthe [? force] nought worthe an hawe about.

1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. Eiiij So Iob and Ieremie, preast with woes and wrongs, Did right descryue their ioyes, their woes and torts.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. v. sig. Q6^v It was complaind, that thou hadst done great tort Vnto an aged woman, poore and bare.

1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 1078 No wild beasts should do them any torte.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 425 To show King Iames, my torments, pangs, and tort.

1749 W. Melmoth Lett. by Sir Thomas Fitzosborne II. lxxii. 215 Deem not, ye plaintive crew, that suffer wrong, Ne thou, O man! who deal'st the tort, misween The equal gods.

b. Physical injury or pain; torment. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun]

clakec1000

wemming1100

hurt?c1225

un-i-soundc1275

breach1398

wrethec1400

discomfiture1599

tort1632

personal injury1653

punishment1811

insult1903

sports injury1932

the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [noun]

sorec825

acheeOE

wrakeOE

trayOE

woe?a1200

pinec1200

sorrowc1225

teenc1225

grievousness1303

dolec1320

balea1325

painc1330

warkingc1340

dolour?c1370

sufferance1422

offencea1425

angerc1440

sufferingc1450

penalty?1462

penality1496

grief1509

stress1533

sufferance1597

somatalgia1607

suffering1609

tort1632

miserya1825

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 193 Good t'expell all sorts Of burning Feauers, in their violent torts.

c. A false or wrong statement. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > false assertion > [noun]

suggestionc1380

pretensionc1449

misallegation1591

tort1632

pretence1754

falsism1835

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 488 No Tort I introduct,..I Organize the Truth.

2. English Law. The breach of a duty imposed by law, whereby some person acquires a right of action for damages.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > invasion of another's rights, tort, or damage

wrong1387

tort1586

damnum1828

injuria1876

1586 J. Ferne Blazon of Gentrie 214 Ministers of the Gospell, to whome the keyes of right do apperteine (for the others did by dissesin and tort, hold the possession of them).

1609 J. Skene tr. Stat. Robert I in Regiam Majestatem 23 Saifeand the Law and consuetude of Burghis, quhilk is, to defend preciselie torte and non reason, that is wrang and vnlaw.

a1642 R. Callis Reading of Statute of Sewers (1647) iv. 184 If two be admitted to a Copyhold by Tort, or to an Office in a Court of Justice unlawfully.

1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 260 In case it concerned onely a tort done to the party, he was amerced.

1714 W. Scroggs Pract. Courts-leet (ed. 3) 59 This is a private Tort to the particular Inhabitants of this Vill.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. viii. 117 Personal actions are such whereby a man claims a debt, or personal duty, or damages in lieu thereof; and, likewise whereby a man claims a satisfaction in damages for some injury done to his person or property. The former are said to be founded on contracts, the latter upon torts or wrongs.

1887 Sir F. Pollock (title) The Law of Torts.

1895 F. Pollock & F. W. Maitland Hist. Eng. Law II. 510 (note) Tort again is [in 13th c. A.-Fr.] a large, loose word. Britton, I. 77, heads a chapter on some of the smaller offences present in the eyres by the title De plusours tortz.

1909 Sir F. Pollock in Encycl. Laws of Eng. (ed. 2) XIV. 134 What we now understand by a tort is a breach of some duty between citizens, defined by the general law, which creates a civil cause of action. The duty must be founded in common right... It must be a duty assigned by law, not dependent on the will of the parties... There must be a private right of action.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† tortadj.

Etymology: < Latin tortus, past participle of torquēre to twist.

Obsolete.

Twisted; in quot. 1513, ? tortured (construed as past participle).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > torture > [adjective] > tortured

tort1513

tormented1552

tortured1603

the world > space > shape > misshapenness > [adjective] > of or relating to distortion > distorted

wrongwende?c1225

writhenc1475

thrawnc1494

tort1513

encrampised1523

wry1552

thraw?1553

contort1570

wried1576

writhed1578

turned1585

distort1588

tortured1603

wrested1609

contorted1622

distorted1635

twisted1830

wreathed1844

gnarled1851

squinched1899

contortioned1922

pretzelled1938

the world > plants > part of plant > growth, movement, or curvature of parts > [adjective] > turned, twisted, or nutating

tort1765

resupinate1776

introrsal1831

introrse1842

sinistrorse?1850

torsive1866

circumnutating1880

circumnutatory1880

nutating1881

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. xi. 30 Now sall he perisch,..be Troianis tort and rent.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 210 Henry Erle of Lancaster with y^e wrie neck, called Tort coll.

1765 J. Lee Introd. Bot. (ed. 2) i. xii. 28 Tort, twisted, as in Nerium.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	tort
释义	tortn. Brit. /tɔːt/, U.S. /tɔrt/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s torte. Etymology: < Old French tort (11th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter) = Provençal tort, Spanish tuerto, Italian torto, medieval Latin tortum, wrong, injustice (compare tortum facere, 864, in Capitul. Caroli II), sbst. use of Latin tortus, tortum twisted, wrung, past participle of torquēre to twist, wring. †1. a. Injury, wrong. Obsolete. [See tortious adj. 1.] ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > harm, injury, or wrong > [noun] loathc900 harmOE teenOE griefc1330 injurec1374 injuryc1384 truitc1390 spitea1400 wrethec1400 supprise1442 trouble1463 damage1470 objectionc1475 interess1489 tort1532 mishanter1754 the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harm or injury > [noun] loathc900 teenOE ungrithlOE wemming1100 waningc1175 wrongc1275 prejudicec1300 derea1325 torferc1325 eviltyc1330 griefc1330 wem1338 injurec1374 truitc1390 noyinga1398 inconvenience14.. nocument?a1425 outraya1425 injuryc1430 mischieving1432 supprise1442 incommodityc1450 interess1489 grudge1491 tort1532 wreaka1542 impeachment1548 inconveniency1553 indemnity1556 interestc1575 abuse1595 mischievance1600 oblesion1656 grit1876 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxxxvii^v Than were tort and forthe [? force] nought worthe an hawe about. 1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. Eiiij So Iob and Ieremie, preast with woes and wrongs, Did right descryue their ioyes, their woes and torts. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. v. sig. Q6^v It was complaind, that thou hadst done great tort Vnto an aged woman, poore and bare. 1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 1078 No wild beasts should do them any torte. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 425 To show King Iames, my torments, pangs, and tort. 1749 W. Melmoth Lett. by Sir Thomas Fitzosborne II. lxxii. 215 Deem not, ye plaintive crew, that suffer wrong, Ne thou, O man! who deal'st the tort, misween The equal gods. b. Physical injury or pain; torment. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] clakec1000 wemming1100 hurt?c1225 un-i-soundc1275 breach1398 wrethec1400 discomfiture1599 tort1632 personal injury1653 punishment1811 insult1903 sports injury1932 the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [noun] sorec825 acheeOE wrakeOE trayOE woe?a1200 pinec1200 sorrowc1225 teenc1225 grievousness1303 dolec1320 balea1325 painc1330 warkingc1340 dolour?c1370 sufferance1422 offencea1425 angerc1440 sufferingc1450 penalty?1462 penality1496 grief1509 stress1533 sufferance1597 somatalgia1607 suffering1609 tort1632 miserya1825 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 193 Good t'expell all sorts Of burning Feauers, in their violent torts. c. A false or wrong statement. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > false assertion > [noun] suggestionc1380 pretensionc1449 misallegation1591 tort1632 pretence1754 falsism1835 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 488 No Tort I introduct,..I Organize the Truth. 2. English Law. The breach of a duty imposed by law, whereby some person acquires a right of action for damages. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > invasion of another's rights, tort, or damage wrong1387 tort1586 damnum1828 injuria1876 1586 J. Ferne Blazon of Gentrie 214 Ministers of the Gospell, to whome the keyes of right do apperteine (for the others did by dissesin and tort, hold the possession of them). 1609 J. Skene tr. Stat. Robert I in Regiam Majestatem 23 Saifeand the Law and consuetude of Burghis, quhilk is, to defend preciselie torte and non reason, that is wrang and vnlaw. a1642 R. Callis Reading of Statute of Sewers (1647) iv. 184 If two be admitted to a Copyhold by Tort, or to an Office in a Court of Justice unlawfully. 1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 260 In case it concerned onely a tort done to the party, he was amerced. 1714 W. Scroggs Pract. Courts-leet (ed. 3) 59 This is a private Tort to the particular Inhabitants of this Vill. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. viii. 117 Personal actions are such whereby a man claims a debt, or personal duty, or damages in lieu thereof; and, likewise whereby a man claims a satisfaction in damages for some injury done to his person or property. The former are said to be founded on contracts, the latter upon torts or wrongs. 1887 Sir F. Pollock (title) The Law of Torts. 1895 F. Pollock & F. W. Maitland Hist. Eng. Law II. 510 (note) Tort again is [in 13th c. A.-Fr.] a large, loose word. Britton, I. 77, heads a chapter on some of the smaller offences present in the eyres by the title De plusours tortz. 1909 Sir F. Pollock in Encycl. Laws of Eng. (ed. 2) XIV. 134 What we now understand by a tort is a breach of some duty between citizens, defined by the general law, which creates a civil cause of action. The duty must be founded in common right... It must be a duty assigned by law, not dependent on the will of the parties... There must be a private right of action. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † tortadj. Etymology: < Latin tortus, past participle of torquēre to twist. Obsolete. Twisted; in quot. 1513, ? tortured (construed as past participle). ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > torture > [adjective] > tortured tort1513 tormented1552 tortured1603 the world > space > shape > misshapenness > [adjective] > of or relating to distortion > distorted wrongwende?c1225 writhenc1475 thrawnc1494 tort1513 encrampised1523 wry1552 thraw?1553 contort1570 wried1576 writhed1578 turned1585 distort1588 tortured1603 wrested1609 contorted1622 distorted1635 twisted1830 wreathed1844 gnarled1851 squinched1899 contortioned1922 pretzelled1938 the world > plants > part of plant > growth, movement, or curvature of parts > [adjective] > turned, twisted, or nutating tort1765 resupinate1776 introrsal1831 introrse1842 sinistrorse?1850 torsive1866 circumnutating1880 circumnutatory1880 nutating1881 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. xi. 30 Now sall he perisch,..be Troianis tort and rent. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 210 Henry Erle of Lancaster with y^e wrie neck, called Tort coll. 1765 J. Lee Introd. Bot. (ed. 2) i. xii. 28 Tort, twisted, as in Nerium. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1532adj.1513
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