tournamentn.

/ˈtʊənəmənt/

Forms: α. Middle English tornei-, Middle English torne-, Middle English–1600s tornea-, Middle English–1600s tornament. β. Middle English turne-, Middle English–1700s turna-, Middle English–1500s turnei-, turney-, 1600s turneament. γ. (Middle English tournoy-), Middle English–1600s tourne-, 1600s tournea-, 1500s– tournament. (Also Middle English–1500s -mente, plural Middle English -mens.)

Etymology: < Old French torneiement ( Enéas, c1150), torney-, tornee-, torniement; central and later Old French tornoie- , tornoiment , tournoie- , tournoyement ; also turnoie- , turneie- , turneement , < tourneier , -oier , etc., tourney v.: see -ment suffix. Compare Provençal torneiament, Italian tornia-, †torneamento; the later English spellings tornea-, tourna- were apparently due to the influence of medieval LatinCompare medieval Latin torneamentum ( < French), 1157 in Reims Synod, Canon iv, and 1179 in Lateran Council, Can. xx ‘detestabiles illas nundinas vel ferias, quas vulgo torneamenta vocant’.

a. Originally, A martial sport or exercise of the middle ages, in which a number of combatants, mounted and in armour, and divided into two parties, fought with blunted weapons and under certain restrictions, for the prize of valour; later, A meeting at an appointed time and place for knightly sports and exercises.According to Roger of Hoveden III. 268, first introduced into England by Richard I.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > jousting or tilting > [noun] > joust or tournament

tournament?c1225

joust1297

tourney13..

justeningc1400

tournament of warc1400

inturnementc1440

tilt1511

jostle1607

tilting?1617

hippomachia1623

carousel1650

fortuny1676

α.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2896 In ioustes & in tornemens.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 11041 Sir edward..hauntede torneimens [v.r. (C.) turnemens] with wel noble route.

a1400 Sir Beues (A.) 3766 Þai ben come for a tornement Þat is cride for a maide faire.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 497/1 Torneament, torneamentum.

1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion iv. Illustr. 70 Torneaments and jousts were their exercises.

β. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 286 He..dude him inturnement & hefde for his leoues luue his scheld infecht.c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 829 Who so winneþ þe turnament al Bi aiþer half, þe priis have schal.c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 821 He schal bring to þe turment [c1475 Caius turnement] þat day (Wele is him þat it winne may) A ger-fauk þat is milke white.a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ix. 133 After they be-gonne a turnemente, and departed hem in two partyes.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. v. sig. D7^v That doughtie turnament.1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iv. 12 Against the Turneiment . 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iv. 13 Unto the place of Turneyment . 1700 J. Dryden tr. G. Boccaccio Theodore & Honoria in Fables 258 He..At Tilts and Turnaments obtain'd the Prize, But found no favour in his Ladies Eyes.γ. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. v. 41 Vpon newe yeersday the barons lete maake a Iustes and a tournement.1480 Table Prouffytable Lernynge (Caxton) (1964) 23 For suche ladies Ben the tournemens.1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 9 Ioustes and tournoyment doon in his cyte of vyenne.1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Tournamente or iuste.1656 in T. Blount Glossographia 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. IV. 120 A cuirass used by the elector Augustus in tournaments.1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod iii. i. 103 Every kind of military combat made in conformity to certain rules..was anciently called a tournament.1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages II. ix. 556 Tournaments..may be considered to have arisen about the middle of the eleventh century; for..the name of tournaments, and the laws that regulated them, cannot be traced any higher.1841 G. P. R. James Brigand i Henry the Second [of France]..closed his career in the last tournament [1559] which Europe was destined to witness.1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 489/1 Tournaments and jousts differed from one another principally in the circumstance that in the first several combatants on each side were engaged.., and in the second the contention was between two combatants only.

b. A modern imitation of the medieval pastime.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > a public show or spectacle > type of show or spectacle > [noun] > tournament as entertainment

carousel1650

tournament1701

1701 London Gaz. No. 3734/2 The Imperial Court continues at the Palace at Favorita, where they were entertained yesterday with a Turnament.

1839 Ld. Cockburn Jrnl. 15 Oct. (1874) I. vii. 239 In August last the display called the Tournament took place at Eglinton Castle.

c. Applied to the Olympic and other ancient games or contests.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] > series of, as public spectacle > in ancient world

jousta1387

tournamenta1387

tourney1485

game1531

gaming1564

agon1592

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 11 After þe strif, ioustes, and turnementis of Olympy.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 381 Theseus..slowȝ Minotaurus in þe tornemente [L. in agone interemit].

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 703 Severus..His body was..committed to the flames, honoured with Iusts and Turneaments of his soldiours and his owne sonnes.

1867 Felton's Greece, Anc. & Mod. II. 358 They..utterly disappeared from the face of Hellas, with their language, their manners, their jousts and tournaments.

2. figurative. An encounter or trial of strength.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] > a contest or competition

match1531

goala1555

vie1568

skirmish1576

rencounter1594

drop-vie1598

duellism1602

duello1606

bout1609

duel1613

competition1618

matcha1637

tournament1638

contest1648

rencontre1667

pingle?1719

sprawla1813

go1823

bet1843

bucklea1849

comp1929

cook-off1936

title race1948

1638 E. Reynolds Serm. Peace Church 31 Happy..the Church of God, when curious novelties, and as it were Tourneaments in sacred things are esteemed prophane.

1660 R. Allestree Gentlemans Calling 124 They keep, as it were, solemn Justs and Turnaments of Debauchery.

1901 Empire Rev. 1 370 When this dogmatic tournament has spent its force.

1902 R. Bagot Donna Diana xx. 245 In the rose-gardens below, the nightingales were holding a tournament of song.

3. transferred. A contest in any game of skill in which a number of competitors play a series of selective games, e.g. a chess or lawn tennis tournament. military or naval tournament, an athletic meeting at which there are a large proportion of contests especially adapted for soldiers or sailors.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun]

match1531

bonspiel1560

prize1565

main1589

traverse1599

seta1626

tournament1762

fixture1825

tourney1890

roundup1912

rodeo1927

go-around1933

start1949

1762 Ann. Reg. 1761 152 A naval tournament, or race upon the waters, resembling those practised at Venice in the carnival season.

1852 H. Staunton Chess Tournament (title) The Chess Tournament. A collection of the games played at this celebrated assemblage.

1869 in J. D. Heath Compl. Croquet-player (1874) 95 N.C.C. Open tournament at Highgate (6 inch hoops).

1872 R. C. A. Prior Notes on Croquet 55 The Gardener's Chronicle announced last year a ‘Potato Tournament’.

1885 Sat. Rev. 24 Jan. 113 If..the old Counties Chess Association..holds its tournaments in the provinces.

1888 Daily News 15 Sept. 3/5 Lawn Tennis. The Essex Open Tournament was resumed yesterday at the Connaught Grounds.

4. Mathematics. A set of points each of which is joined to every other point by a line having a direction. Also tournament graph.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > graph or diagram > [noun] > graph > showing specific relationship

characteristic1881

characteristic curve1881

time curve1883

luminosity curve1886

hysteresis curve1890

hysteresis loop1892

time-distance1892

solidus1901

power curve1908

log log1910

Russell diagram1922

creep curve1931

power curve1932

Hertzsprung–Russell diagram1939

Petersen graph1947

utility curve1948

tournament graph1959

offset1987

1959 F. Harary in Management Sci. V. 398 Consider a tournament in which there are n players, every pair of players play each other once, and none of the games ends in a draw. For brevity let us call the resulting digraph D itself a tournament.

1972 R. J. Wilson Introd. Graph Theory vii. 108 Let T be a tournament on n + 1 vertices, and let T′ be the tournament on n vertices obtained by removing from T a vertex v and every arc incident to v.

1980 Sci. Amer. Mar. 18/3 Tournament graphs provide a convenient means of modeling a person's pairwise preferences for any set of choices, such as brands of coffee or candidates in an election.

5. attributive.

ΚΠ

1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lii. 464 It had been a Cistercian Convent in old days, when the Smithfield, which is contiguous to it, was a tournament ground.

1902 Munsey's Mag. 26 476/2 When the skater has become proficient in all of them, he is ready to proceed to the simpler combinations of the tournament figures.

Derivatives

ˈtournament v. (intransitive) to ride as in a tournament, to tilt.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > move progressively in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > as in a tournament

tournament1884

1884 J. Sharman Cursory Hist. Swearing i. 10 They bestrode chairs and benches,..and tournamented about the room.

tournaˈmental adj. of or pertaining to a tournament.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [adjective]

tournamental1801

freestyle1974

1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod iii. i. 127 When the grand tournamental conflict was finished.

1896 Daily News 28 May 3/1 The rumour..that there was tournamental antagonism between the Navy and Army.

† ˌtournamenˈteer n. Obsolete rare a combatant at tournaments.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > jousting or tilting > [noun] > jouster or tilter

tourneyer1303

jousterc1330

assailant1586

jostler1599

tilter1611

tournamenteer1737

1737 J. Ozell tr. F. Rabelais Wks. II. 221 Great Tilters and Turnamenteers.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	tournament
释义	tournamentn. /ˈtʊənəmənt/ Forms: α. Middle English tornei-, Middle English torne-, Middle English–1600s tornea-, Middle English–1600s tornament. β. Middle English turne-, Middle English–1700s turna-, Middle English–1500s turnei-, turney-, 1600s turneament. γ. (Middle English tournoy-), Middle English–1600s tourne-, 1600s tournea-, 1500s– tournament. (Also Middle English–1500s -mente, plural Middle English -mens.) Etymology: < Old French torneiement ( Enéas, c1150), torney-, tornee-, torniement; central and later Old French tornoie- , tornoiment , tournoie- , tournoyement ; also turnoie- , turneie- , turneement , < tourneier , -oier , etc., tourney v.: see -ment suffix. Compare Provençal torneiament, Italian tornia-, †torneamento; the later English spellings tornea-, tourna- were apparently due to the influence of medieval LatinCompare medieval Latin torneamentum ( < French), 1157 in Reims Synod, Canon iv, and 1179 in Lateran Council, Can. xx ‘detestabiles illas nundinas vel ferias, quas vulgo torneamenta vocant’. 1. a. Originally, A martial sport or exercise of the middle ages, in which a number of combatants, mounted and in armour, and divided into two parties, fought with blunted weapons and under certain restrictions, for the prize of valour; later, A meeting at an appointed time and place for knightly sports and exercises.According to Roger of Hoveden III. 268, first introduced into England by Richard I. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > jousting or tilting > [noun] > joust or tournament tournament?c1225 joust1297 tourney13.. justeningc1400 tournament of warc1400 inturnementc1440 tilt1511 jostle1607 tilting?1617 hippomachia1623 carousel1650 fortuny1676 α. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2896 In ioustes & in tornemens. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 11041 Sir edward..hauntede torneimens [v.r. (C.) turnemens] with wel noble route. a1400 Sir Beues (A.) 3766 Þai ben come for a tornement Þat is cride for a maide faire. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 497/1 Torneament, torneamentum. 1612 J. Selden in M. Drayton Poly-olbion iv. Illustr. 70 Torneaments and jousts were their exercises. β. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 286 He..dude him inturnement & hefde for his leoues luue his scheld infecht.c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 829 Who so winneþ þe turnament al Bi aiþer half, þe priis have schal.c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 821 He schal bring to þe turment [c1475 Caius turnement] þat day (Wele is him þat it winne may) A ger-fauk þat is milke white.a1500 (?c1450) Merlin ix. 133 After they be-gonne a turnemente, and departed hem in two partyes.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. v. sig. D7^v That doughtie turnament.1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iv. 12 Against the Turneiment . View more context for this quotation1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iv. 13 Unto the place of Turneyment . View more context for this quotation1700 J. Dryden tr. G. Boccaccio Theodore & Honoria in Fables 258 He..At Tilts and Turnaments obtain'd the Prize, But found no favour in his Ladies Eyes.γ. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. v. 41 Vpon newe yeersday the barons lete maake a Iustes and a tournement.1480 Table Prouffytable Lernynge (Caxton) (1964) 23 For suche ladies Ben the tournemens.1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 9 Ioustes and tournoyment doon in his cyte of vyenne.1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Tournamente or iuste.1656 in T. Blount Glossographia 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. IV. 120 A cuirass used by the elector Augustus in tournaments.1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod iii. i. 103 Every kind of military combat made in conformity to certain rules..was anciently called a tournament.1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages II. ix. 556 Tournaments..may be considered to have arisen about the middle of the eleventh century; for..the name of tournaments, and the laws that regulated them, cannot be traced any higher.1841 G. P. R. James Brigand i Henry the Second [of France]..closed his career in the last tournament [1559] which Europe was destined to witness.1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 489/1 Tournaments and jousts differed from one another principally in the circumstance that in the first several combatants on each side were engaged.., and in the second the contention was between two combatants only. b. A modern imitation of the medieval pastime. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > a public show or spectacle > type of show or spectacle > [noun] > tournament as entertainment carousel1650 tournament1701 1701 London Gaz. No. 3734/2 The Imperial Court continues at the Palace at Favorita, where they were entertained yesterday with a Turnament. 1839 Ld. Cockburn Jrnl. 15 Oct. (1874) I. vii. 239 In August last the display called the Tournament took place at Eglinton Castle. c. Applied to the Olympic and other ancient games or contests. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] > series of, as public spectacle > in ancient world jousta1387 tournamenta1387 tourney1485 game1531 gaming1564 agon1592 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 11 After þe strif, ioustes, and turnementis of Olympy. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 381 Theseus..slowȝ Minotaurus in þe tornemente [L. in agone interemit]. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 703 Severus..His body was..committed to the flames, honoured with Iusts and Turneaments of his soldiours and his owne sonnes. 1867 Felton's Greece, Anc. & Mod. II. 358 They..utterly disappeared from the face of Hellas, with their language, their manners, their jousts and tournaments. 2. figurative. An encounter or trial of strength. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] > a contest or competition match1531 goala1555 vie1568 skirmish1576 rencounter1594 drop-vie1598 duellism1602 duello1606 bout1609 duel1613 competition1618 matcha1637 tournament1638 contest1648 rencontre1667 pingle?1719 sprawla1813 go1823 bet1843 bucklea1849 comp1929 cook-off1936 title race1948 1638 E. Reynolds Serm. Peace Church 31 Happy..the Church of God, when curious novelties, and as it were Tourneaments in sacred things are esteemed prophane. 1660 R. Allestree Gentlemans Calling 124 They keep, as it were, solemn Justs and Turnaments of Debauchery. 1901 Empire Rev. 1 370 When this dogmatic tournament has spent its force. 1902 R. Bagot Donna Diana xx. 245 In the rose-gardens below, the nightingales were holding a tournament of song. 3. transferred. A contest in any game of skill in which a number of competitors play a series of selective games, e.g. a chess or lawn tennis tournament. military or naval tournament, an athletic meeting at which there are a large proportion of contests especially adapted for soldiers or sailors. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] match1531 bonspiel1560 prize1565 main1589 traverse1599 seta1626 tournament1762 fixture1825 tourney1890 roundup1912 rodeo1927 go-around1933 start1949 1762 Ann. Reg. 1761 152 A naval tournament, or race upon the waters, resembling those practised at Venice in the carnival season. 1852 H. Staunton Chess Tournament (title) The Chess Tournament. A collection of the games played at this celebrated assemblage. 1869 in J. D. Heath Compl. Croquet-player (1874) 95 N.C.C. Open tournament at Highgate (6 inch hoops). 1872 R. C. A. Prior Notes on Croquet 55 The Gardener's Chronicle announced last year a ‘Potato Tournament’. 1885 Sat. Rev. 24 Jan. 113 If..the old Counties Chess Association..holds its tournaments in the provinces. 1888 Daily News 15 Sept. 3/5 Lawn Tennis. The Essex Open Tournament was resumed yesterday at the Connaught Grounds. 4. Mathematics. A set of points each of which is joined to every other point by a line having a direction. Also tournament graph. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > graph or diagram > [noun] > graph > showing specific relationship characteristic1881 characteristic curve1881 time curve1883 luminosity curve1886 hysteresis curve1890 hysteresis loop1892 time-distance1892 solidus1901 power curve1908 log log1910 Russell diagram1922 creep curve1931 power curve1932 Hertzsprung–Russell diagram1939 Petersen graph1947 utility curve1948 tournament graph1959 offset1987 1959 F. Harary in Management Sci. V. 398 Consider a tournament in which there are n players, every pair of players play each other once, and none of the games ends in a draw. For brevity let us call the resulting digraph D itself a tournament. 1972 R. J. Wilson Introd. Graph Theory vii. 108 Let T be a tournament on n + 1 vertices, and let T′ be the tournament on n vertices obtained by removing from T a vertex v and every arc incident to v. 1980 Sci. Amer. Mar. 18/3 Tournament graphs provide a convenient means of modeling a person's pairwise preferences for any set of choices, such as brands of coffee or candidates in an election. 5. attributive. ΚΠ 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lii. 464 It had been a Cistercian Convent in old days, when the Smithfield, which is contiguous to it, was a tournament ground. 1902 Munsey's Mag. 26 476/2 When the skater has become proficient in all of them, he is ready to proceed to the simpler combinations of the tournament figures. Derivatives ˈtournament v. (intransitive) to ride as in a tournament, to tilt.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > move progressively in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > as in a tournament tournament1884 1884 J. Sharman Cursory Hist. Swearing i. 10 They bestrode chairs and benches,..and tournamented about the room. tournaˈmental adj. of or pertaining to a tournament. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [adjective] tournamental1801 freestyle1974 1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod iii. i. 127 When the grand tournamental conflict was finished. 1896 Daily News 28 May 3/1 The rumour..that there was tournamental antagonism between the Navy and Army. † ˌtournamenˈteer n. Obsolete rare a combatant at tournaments. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > jousting or tilting > [noun] > jouster or tilter tourneyer1303 jousterc1330 assailant1586 jostler1599 tilter1611 tournamenteer1737 1737 J. Ozell tr. F. Rabelais Wks. II. 221 Great Tilters and Turnamenteers. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?c1225
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