the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > features of stratum or vein > [noun] > material above
hanger1631
grass1672
overburden1821
top wall1881
1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–19 144Hanging-side or Hanging-wall, or Hanger, Corn[wall]. The wall or side over the vein... Top-wall. See Hanging-wall.