topographyn.

/təʊˈpɒɡrəfi/

Etymology: < late Latin topographia (in Servius and Jerome), < Greek τοπογραϕία , < τοπογράϕος (see topographer n.) + -ία , -y suffix³. Compare French topographie (16th cent.).

a. The science or practice of describing a particular place, city, town, manor, parish, or tract of land; the accurate and detailed delineation and description of any locality.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > [noun] > physical geography > topology or topography

topographyc1550

topographics1834

topology1850

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 37 Al them that hes studeit in cosmographie geographie and in topographie.

1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) 526 We might at the last by the union of many partes and papers compact one whole and perfect bodie and booke of our English Topographie.

1621 P. Heylyn Microcosmus 10 Topographie which is the description of a particular place, be it Towne, Citie or Village.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. vii. 75 Acquainted with Cosmography, treating of the world in whole joynts; with Chorography, shredding it into countries; and with Topography, mincing it into particular places.

a1646 J. Gregory Posthuma (1649) 322 The late Geographers,..calling these kinde of Descriptions [of small Parcels of the Earth] Topographie.

1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad I. iv. 164 (note) He..explains how lifeless all history is without topography.

b. A detailed description or delineation of the features of a locality.

ΚΠ

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 329 Irlonde..whom Giraldus describenge in his Topographye, extollethe hit with mony laudes.

1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland Pref. sig. Aiv^v, in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II In our Topographie we haue at large set foorth and described the site of the land of Ireland.

1659 R. Kilburne (title) A topographie, or survey of the county of Kent.

1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 121 A Map of the Moon..with a Topography as it were..of all the considerable places therein.

c. Localization, local distribution; the study of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > position or situation > [noun]

stallc1000

logh11..

settlea1340

placea1375

steada1387

sitea1398

assizec1400

position?a1425

estal1480

stound1557

planting1585

location1592

positure1600

posture1605

seat1607

situs1629

ubi1630

ubiety1645

locus1648

locality1656

topography1658

whereness1674

lie1697

spot1769

locus standi1809

possie1916

ubicity1922

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall iii. 51 If according to learned conjecture, the bodies of men shall rise where their greatest Reliques remain, many are not like to erre in the Topography of their Resurrection.

1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus i, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 91 Of deeper do[u]bt is its Topography, and locall designation.

1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. iii. 67 The topography of the textile manufactures is a most interesting subject of philosophical research. It investigates the causes why one district is occupied chiefly with cotton fabrics, a second with flax, a third with wool, and a fourth with silk.

2. The features of a region or locality collectively.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > [noun]

chorography1617

pedography1625

topography1642

paysage1650

face1673

the lie of the land1697

carte du pays1744

terrain1766

network1839

landscape1886

land form1893

microtopography1941

1846 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lucretia III. ii. xxvi. 253 Towards that [staircase] used by the servants, and which his researches into the topography of the mansion had..made known to him.

1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer III. 519 [Virgil] is not less neglectful of the actual topography; for he implies that Ilium is among the hills.

1873 G. C. Davies Mountain, Meadow & Mere xxv. 224 The water is often very clear, and the frost has cut the weeds down so that one learns the topography of the river bed and the exact locale of the ‘homes’ of the fish.

figurative.1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 10 Having rambl'd over the huge topography of his own vain thoughts.1764 T. Reid Inq. Human Mind vi. § ii. 155 I confess I am not so well acquainted with the topography of the mind.

3. transferred.

a. Anatomy. The determination of the position of the various parts and organs of the body; regional anatomy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > study of body > [noun] > human anatomy > regional

topography1847

topology1899

1847 G. H. Lewes Hist. Philos. (1867) II. vi. 408 The organs are definitely indicated both as to position and size, by the topography of the skull.

b. Zoology. The determination and naming of the different regions or parts of the surface of an animal.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > [noun] > naming of regions

topography1891

1891 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) The topography of a bird, a crab, an insect.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	topography
释义	topographyn. /təʊˈpɒɡrəfi/ Etymology: < late Latin topographia (in Servius and Jerome), < Greek τοπογραϕία , < τοπογράϕος (see topographer n.) + -ία , -y suffix³. Compare French topographie (16th cent.). 1. a. The science or practice of describing a particular place, city, town, manor, parish, or tract of land; the accurate and detailed delineation and description of any locality. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > [noun] > physical geography > topology or topography topographyc1550 topographics1834 topology1850 c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 37 Al them that hes studeit in cosmographie geographie and in topographie. 1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) 526 We might at the last by the union of many partes and papers compact one whole and perfect bodie and booke of our English Topographie. 1621 P. Heylyn Microcosmus 10 Topographie which is the description of a particular place, be it Towne, Citie or Village. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. vii. 75 Acquainted with Cosmography, treating of the world in whole joynts; with Chorography, shredding it into countries; and with Topography, mincing it into particular places. a1646 J. Gregory Posthuma (1649) 322 The late Geographers,..calling these kinde of Descriptions [of small Parcels of the Earth] Topographie. 1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad I. iv. 164 (note) He..explains how lifeless all history is without topography. b. A detailed description or delineation of the features of a locality. ΚΠ ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 329 Irlonde..whom Giraldus describenge in his Topographye, extollethe hit with mony laudes. 1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland Pref. sig. Aiv^v, in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II In our Topographie we haue at large set foorth and described the site of the land of Ireland. 1659 R. Kilburne (title) A topographie, or survey of the county of Kent. 1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 121 A Map of the Moon..with a Topography as it were..of all the considerable places therein. c. Localization, local distribution; the study of this. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > position or situation > [noun] stallc1000 logh11.. settlea1340 placea1375 steada1387 sitea1398 assizec1400 position?a1425 estal1480 stound1557 planting1585 location1592 positure1600 posture1605 seat1607 situs1629 ubi1630 ubiety1645 locus1648 locality1656 topography1658 whereness1674 lie1697 spot1769 locus standi1809 possie1916 ubicity1922 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall iii. 51 If according to learned conjecture, the bodies of men shall rise where their greatest Reliques remain, many are not like to erre in the Topography of their Resurrection. 1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus i, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 91 Of deeper do[u]bt is its Topography, and locall designation. 1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. iii. 67 The topography of the textile manufactures is a most interesting subject of philosophical research. It investigates the causes why one district is occupied chiefly with cotton fabrics, a second with flax, a third with wool, and a fourth with silk. 2. The features of a region or locality collectively. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > [noun] chorography1617 pedography1625 topography1642 paysage1650 face1673 the lie of the land1697 carte du pays1744 terrain1766 network1839 landscape1886 land form1893 microtopography1941 1846 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lucretia III. ii. xxvi. 253 Towards that [staircase] used by the servants, and which his researches into the topography of the mansion had..made known to him. 1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer III. 519 [Virgil] is not less neglectful of the actual topography; for he implies that Ilium is among the hills. 1873 G. C. Davies Mountain, Meadow & Mere xxv. 224 The water is often very clear, and the frost has cut the weeds down so that one learns the topography of the river bed and the exact locale of the ‘homes’ of the fish. figurative.1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 10 Having rambl'd over the huge topography of his own vain thoughts.1764 T. Reid Inq. Human Mind vi. § ii. 155 I confess I am not so well acquainted with the topography of the mind. 3. transferred. a. Anatomy. The determination of the position of the various parts and organs of the body; regional anatomy. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > study of body > [noun] > human anatomy > regional topography1847 topology1899 1847 G. H. Lewes Hist. Philos. (1867) II. vi. 408 The organs are definitely indicated both as to position and size, by the topography of the skull. b. Zoology. The determination and naming of the different regions or parts of the surface of an animal. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > [noun] > naming of regions topography1891 1891 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) The topography of a bird, a crab, an insect. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.?a1475
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