translocationn.
/tranzlə(ʊ)ˈkeɪʃn/, /trɑːnzlə(ʊ)ˈkeɪʃn/, /translə(ʊ)ˈkeɪʃn/, /trɑːnslə(ʊ)ˈkeɪʃn/, U.S. /trænzˌloʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/, /træn(t)sˌloʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ 1.
a. Movement, transference, or removal from one place to another; (in early use also) displacement or replacement of one thing by another; †transmigration of the soul (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > [noun] > change of place of a thing
emotion1596
migration1611
translocation1617
transmigration1632
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > [noun] > placing or being placed in different position
transposition1538
shuffling1604
transplacing1615
translocation1617
transposal1695
relocating1789
relocation1834
translocalization1883
re-siting1916
repositioning1931
1617 Bp. F. White Orthodox Faith 405 This opinion changeth the old definition of Transubstantiation, and in stead of a conuersion of one substance into another, bringeth in a translocation or position of one substance in the roome of another.
1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated ii. x. 174 A seperation was made by translocation of the parts of the Earth.
1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 123 All defending the immortality of the Soul, and the translocation from one into another after death.
a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) ii. 4 (margin) There happen'd certain Translocations at the Deluge; the Matter constituting animal and vegetable Substances being dissolv'd, and mineral Matter substituted in its place.
1799 P. Will tr. A. von Kotzebue Sufferings Family of Ortenberg I. ix. 133 In order to revenge himself for being deprived of an opportunity to sport his wit, he made the company observe the fatal translocation.
a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1838) III. 80 Translocation is not destruction.
1876 W. E. Gladstone Homeric Synchronism 79 A Revolution involving such extensive change, and such translocation of races.
1877 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. i. ii. 68 The muscular contraction itself is essentially a translocation of molecules.
1919 Dial 9 Aug. 95/1 Incident to..the great translocations of labor to the large industrial centers, came a disintegration of the pre-war structure of Italian labor.
1966 Rockdale (Texas) Reporter 14 July 3 b/5 Did you ever notice the impressions made and the translocation of soil from its natural location due to the raindrop splash? This is the first phase of erosion.
2005 Women & Environments Internat. Mag. Fall 33/1 The translocation of brasileiras has aided the formation of distinctive local Brazilian communities around the world.
b. spec. Removal or transfer of wild animals, birds, etc., from one place to another, esp. as part of a wildlife conservation programme; an instance of this.
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1960 Trans. 25th N. Amer. Wildlife & Nat. Resources Conf. 417 This dress rehearsal has provided some of the necessary knowledge for translocation of two hundred to three hundred kob from the Lugari farming area, where the sole remaining herd of about five hundred kob exists in Kenya, to suitable habitat elsewhere in the country.
1986 Country Life 16 Oct. 1228/3 Adult squirrels are wary and set in their ways, and because of this don't generally survive the trauma of translocation.
2013 Times of India (Nexis) 29 June Not only the translocation of lions to Chandraprabha wildlife sanctuary has failed but ten other translocations across the world have also failed.
2.
a. Plant Physiology. The transfer of sugars, herbicides, or other substances around a plant, esp. from the leaves to other parts through the phloem.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by nutrition or respiration > [noun] > transfer of nutritive materials or digestion
circulation1656
translocation1868
autodigestion1879
1868 S. W. Johnson How Crops Grow i. iii. 218 The translocation of certain matters from one part of the plant to another is revealed by the analyses of Arendt.
1887 H. M. Ward tr. J. von Sachs Lect. Physiol. Plants xxi. 347 For starch also is found at places in the tissue where it has neither been originally produced nor is employed, and thus in a condition of translocation towards the places where it is made use of.
1936 W. Stiles Introd. Princ. Plant Physiol. x. 254 The large protein molecule is relatively immobile, with a low coefficient of diffusion, and consequently is converted into more readily diffusible substances for translocation.
1951 Chambers's Jrnl. Aug. 457/1 In the case of these perennial weeds with persistent root-stocks the chlorate acts by the method of translocation, working downward, cell by cell, from the sprayed tops to the lowest root-tip.
1976 G. R. Noggle & G. J. Fritz Introd. Plant Physiol. xii. 357 Translocation of sugars in the phloem is through living sieve elements.
2008 L. K. Chalker-Scott Informed Gardener 139 Several hundred adjacent trees were studied for damage from translocation of the poison from the roots of the target tree to others in the root network.
b. Biology. The transport of molecules, esp. proteins and nucleic acids, within or between the cells of a living organism, esp. through a membrane by an active process mediated by an enzyme.
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1920 D.T. MAcDougal Hydration & Growth (Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. No. 297) 36 Migration of albuminous material from one part of a cell to another and translocation of the proteins is a subject upon which nearly all cytologists speak with great reserve because of the lack of well-grounded observations.
1989 EMBO Jrnl. 8 3517 Efficient translocation of proteins across biological membranes is thought to be supported by cytoplasmic factors that protect presecretory molecules from being misfolded.
2009 M. Tanabe & T. M. Iverson in L. DeLucas Membrane Protein Crystallization x. 235 If initial translocation of the protein across the inner membrane fails, intracellular inclusion bodies form.
c. Medicine. In full bacterial translocation. The transfer of bacteria naturally present in the intestine through the gut wall to other parts of the body.
ΚΠ
1966 Jrnl. Bacteriol. 92 1607/1 The present results indicate that the size of the intraluminal population of potentially invasive organisms is a prime determinant of bacterial translocation across the mucosa.
1992 Internat. Jrnl. Food Sci. & Nutrition 43 51/2 Mucositis develops as a result of damage to the rapidly dividing cells in the mucosa. The end result is an inflammatory response..and a breach in the function of the ‘mucosal barrier’, which normally prevents translocation of bacteria from the gut into the body.
2015 P. Sukhtankar et al. in W. Zimmerli Bone & Joint Infections xiv. 207 Premature babies in particular are at risk of bacterial translocation into the blood from the bowel.
3. Cell Biology and Genetics. The transfer of part of a chromosome to a new position, esp. on a non-homologous chromosome, sometimes involving reciprocal transfer between two chromosomes. Also: a part of chromosome that is or has been translocated. Cf. transposition n. 7.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [noun] > changes or actions of genes or chromosomes > transfer
translocation1921
transposition1924
introgression1938
introgressive hybridization1938
sexduction1960
transgenosis1973
1921 Science 16 Sept. 252/2 A condition of triploidy for certain sections of chromosome had been met with in the previous (unpublished) studies on duplications and on translocation.
1937 C. D. Darlington Rec. Adv. in Cytol. (ed. 2) vii. 265 They may also arise with translocation of a segment from one chromosome to another or from one arm of a chromosome to another.
1997 S. L. Mera Understanding Disease xiii. 396 In Burkitt's lymphoma a balanced translocation occurs between chromosomes 8 and 14.
2017 Columbia Law Rev. 117 202 Damages resulting from a doctor's failure to diagnose chromosomal translocation in IVF embryos.
Derivatives
transloˈcational adj. relating to, arising from, or involving translocation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [adjective] > changes or actions of genes or chromosomes > transfer > translocation
translocational1905
translocatable1915
translocated1924
1905 Rhodora 7 27 Before the translocational property can be admitted as an evolutionary factor it must be shown to be transmissible from generation to generation.
1965 Jrnl. Cellular & Compar. Physiol. 65 280/2 There was virtually no translocational movement in the partially rounded individuals.
2009 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 12 July (Seven Mag.) 30 The novel weaves together a dizzying number of strands..twisting and untwisting together in an impressive design of connections and collisions, past, present, translocational.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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