trainn.²

Brit.

/treɪn/, U.S.

/treɪn/

Forms:

α. Middle English treine, Middle English trene, Middle English treyne, Middle English–1600s trane, Middle English–1600s trayn, Middle English–1600s trayne, 1500s treane, 1500s–1700s traine, 1500s– train, 1600s trea (Irish English), 1900s– treen (Welsh English); Scottish pre-1700 traine, pre-1700 trajne, pre-1700 trane, pre-1700 trayn, pre-1700 trayne, pre-1700 treyne, pre-1700 1700s– train; N.E.D. (1914) also records a form late Middle English traine.

β. Scottish pre-1700 trin, pre-1700 tryn, pre-1700 trynde, pre-1700 tryne.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French train ; French trene ; train v.¹

Etymology: Partly (i) < Anglo-Norman and Middle French train (French train ), masculine ( < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French trainer : see train v.¹); partly (ii) < Anglo-Norman trene, treine, treigne, Anglo-Norman and Middle French traine (French traîne ), feminine ( < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French trainer : see train v.¹); and partly (iii) < train v.¹ The French masculine noun train is attested in the following relevant senses: ‘objects or dead bodies with which an area of land is strewn, viewed collectively’ (c1165 in Old French; obsolete after 13th cent.), ‘succession of people or moving things’ (12th cent.), ‘band, company’ (late 12th cent.), ‘delay, dilatory conduct’ (only 12th–13th cent. in Anglo-Norman and Old French), ‘course of action, way of life’ (c1180), ‘animals of burden and carriages following an army and carrying its equipment and food’ (c1220), ‘elongated back of a robe or skirt, also a separate piece of material attached to the back of a formal dress’ (13th cent.), ‘body of attendants, retainers, or followers’ (c1225), ‘series, succession, sequence (of events or actions)’ (14th cent.), ‘course or manner of movement of a horse or other riding animal’ (c1385), ‘line or trail on a surface’ (end of the 14th cent. or earlier), ‘trail or track of an animal’ (15th cent.), ‘chassis of a vehicle’ (1467), ‘domestic servants collectively’ (16th cent.), ‘movement’ (second half of the 16th cent.), ‘carriage of a printing press’ (1576 in the passage translated in quot. 1594 at sense 4b), ‘artillery and other equipment for a battle or siege, with the vehicles carrying them and the soldiers in attendance, following or ready to follow an army’ (1694), ‘rate of beats of a clock or watch’ (1759). In its use with reference to railways, French train (1829 in this sense) is after English. The French feminine noun traine is attested in the following relevant senses: ‘delay, act of tarrying’ (late 13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), ‘elongated back of a robe or skirt, also a separate piece of material attached to the back of a formal dress’ (first third of the 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman; compare similar use of Old Occitan traina; there is apparently no direct continuity with French traîne (1867 in this sense)), ‘drag net, seine’ (1553; compare similar use of Old Occitan traina). Compare Old Occitan tragin, train, masculine, tragina, traina, feminine, Catalan tragí, masculine (1359), tragina, feminine (1277), Spanish trajín, masculine (1590 as †tragín; < Catalan), traina, feminine (first half of the 15th cent.), Italian traino, masculine (a1400), traina, feminine (14th cent. in an apparently isolated attestation in a gran traine ‘with great commotion, in an agitated way’, subsequently from the 16th cent.), in a variety of senses all connected with dragging, movement, or transport, some of them paralleling English or French senses.The Older Scots form trynde at β. forms shows alteration after the rhyming word, mynde mind n.¹ In sense 3b after Middle French trainee (1493 in this sense; French (now hist.) traînée ). With sense 5a compare Middle French trainee (1406 in this sense; Middle French, French traînée ). In sense 10a(b) after Middle French trainée (1568 (in the passage translated in quot. 1579) or earlier in this sense; French trainée ). In sense 15 probably a semantic development of train n.¹ 3; compare French trainée , in same sense, and also train n.¹ 4. With sense 24, compare later train v.¹ 2a, and (with the semantic motivation) tract n.³ 1a, 1b. In sense 26b, which is unparalleled in French, probably after train n.¹ 4. In to set in train, to put in train at sense 17b after Middle French mettre en train (15th cent.).

I. Denoting an elongated thing regarded primarily as undivided, without emphasis on its parts, especially when dragged or trailed.

†1. A branch or shoot of a tree. Also figurative. Obsolete.In quot. c1390 with a play on sense 8.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > [noun] > bough or branch

boughc1000

limbOE

brancha1300

trainc1390

grain1513

palm1559

arm1579

stem1584

lug-pole1773

hag wood1804

hag1808

tree branch1851

rame1858

c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 625 (MED) Mayden, Meoke and Mylde, God haþ taken in þe his fleschly trene; I [sc. Rood] bar þi fruit leoþi and lene.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iii. l. 921 (MED) Men graffeth of theyr [sc. apple trees'] toppes & their treynes [v.r. tranys; L. talea] That werk or seelde auaile or sone yslayn ys.

a. An elongated back of a robe or skirt, or a separate long piece of material attached at the back of formal dress, which trails behind on the ground.Historically worn by women when in full formal dress, now often as part of a bridal gown; worn also as part of the robes of sovereigns and high officials for state occasions; sometimes held up by a page or attendant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > train

tail1297

traina1393

traila1400

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 621 (MED) Thus despute I loves lore..Bot stomble upon myn oghne treine And make an ekinge of my peine.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 499 Trayle, or trayne of a clothe, sirina.

c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 612/22 Sirma, i. cauda vestis feminarum, a trayne.

c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 564/42 Appendicium, a lady trayne et a pendaunt of a gyrdyll.

a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1908) II. 299 Next folowed our seid souerayn lady, & the Duches of Buk[yngham] bere here Treyne.

1570 Bk. Precedence (Harl. 1440) in F. J. Furnivall Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) 26 A Baronesse may haue no trayne borne; but haueing a goune with a trayne, she ought to beare it her selfe.

1577 tr. ‘F. de L'Isle’ Legendarie sig. Bvj Would you..wishe that of her who by duetie ought euen to cary vp my trayne I should make my sister in Law?

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 168 The ordinary Citizens Wiues haue their gownes made with long traines, which are pinned vp in the house.

1690 J. Crowne Eng. Frier v. 47 Madam, speak to the Ladies now I am here, to let down their Trains, 'tis not manners in the presence of a man o' my quality, to cock up their tayls.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 42. ¶1 The broad sweeping Train that follows her in all her Motions, and finds constant Employment for a Boy who stands behind her to open and spread it to Advantage.

1791–3 in Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1799) I. 138 He trod on her crape train.

a1817 J. Austen Northanger Abbey (1818) I. v. 60 They..pinned up each other's train for the dance.

1858 J. Doran Hist. Court Fools 117 The period when ladies in England first wore trains [sc. the time of Richard II].

1886 B. P. Poore Perley's Reminisc. II. xliv. 501 Admiral Rogers and Mrs. D. Willis James, who wore cardinal velvet, with court train, over a white satin and lace petticoat; Hon. Edward Cooper, of New York, and Miss Love, who wore white satin, with black velvet train; [etc.].

1927 Daily Tel. 19 July 13/2 The bride will wear a picture dress of ivory faille, with a train of old Brussels lace which belonged to her great-grandmother.

1963 M. R. Martin Charleston Ghosts ix. 54 With a swift jerk, she stabbed the cane blindly into the ground and, clutching her skirts, tried to lift her train so she could flee.

2007 G. Forster Getting some of her Own 289 As she walked up the aisle, the long train of her ivory-silk bridal gown swept aside the petals.

b. The tail of a comet; (also) a luminous trail left by the passage of a meteor through the atmosphere. Also in figurative contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > constellation > comet or meteor > comet > [noun] > tail

streamc1368

crest1387

train1559

beard1563

tail1572

streamer1621

antitail1957

the world > the universe > constellation > comet or meteor > meteor > [noun] > trail

train1559

fire flag1798

meteor streak1869

meteor trail1895

1559 J. Heywood tr. Seneca Troas ii. iii. sig. C.iii^v Calchas..to whom the thunder clap, And blasing starre with flaming traine, betokeneth what shall hap.

1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge i. iii. sig. B3 A blazing Comet shot his threatning traine.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. i. 106 + 10 As starres with traines of fier, and dewes of blood Disasters in the sunne.

1663 J. Spencer Disc. Prodigies (1665) 32 The luminous tail or train of a Comet..seems to the eye of ignorance the emblem of a flaming sword, or firy rod.

1784 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 74 210 The train, which remains after the meteor is gone, and delineates perfectly its track through the heavens.

1827 Harvard Reg. Apr. 47 At times the guiding form outflew my weary thought and gleamed on high, like a comet's train beside some far-off star.

1858 G. P. Bond Acct. Donati's Comet 31 Its situation in the latter part of its course afforded also a fair sight of the curvature of the train.

1916 Atlantic Monthly June 775/2 In the East the great train of the comet was drawn across the sky like a second milky way.

1964 A. Nin Collages 59 His women became comets, trailing long nebulous trains, erratic members of the solar system.

2006 P. Jenniskens Meteor Showers & their Parent Comets xv. 225 One fireball just before dawn..created a spectacular persistent train.

c. The tail or tail feathers of a bird, esp. when long and trailing, as the elongated tail coverts of a peacock; (Falconry) the tail of a hawk. Formerly also: †the tail of a quadruped or other animal; cf. sense 7b; (obsolete).peacock-train: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [noun] > tail

train1575

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > rump and tail > [noun] > tail > of a quadruped

train1575

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 10 A meane to auoyde this inconuenience, is to sowe the feathers of hir trayne together, to the end she may not spread them abroade.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. May 281 His tayle he [sc. the fox] clapt betwixt his legs twayne, Lest he should be descried by his trayne.

1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. xv. 136 The Lion is one colour, shaggy brested, with a certaine tuft of haire in his traine.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iii. vii. 7 Let frantike Talbot triumph for a while, And like a Peacock sweepe along his tayle, Wee'le pull his Plumes, and take away his Trayne.

1694 Philos. Trans. 1693 (Royal Soc.) 17 992 Their Turtle-doves..the whole Train is longer much than the Tails of our Pidgeons.

1771 G. White Let. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 92 The trains of those magnificent birds [sc. peacocks]..growing not from their uropygium, but all up their backs.

1852 R. F. Burton Falconry in Valley of Indus viii. 76 A splendid goshawk,..with..a queenly train.

1883 Times 11 June 4/5 A splendid peacock with a luxuriant train of eye-spotted feathers.

1915 Lotus 7 26/1 The falcon's tail is her ‘train’; and the two central feathers of it are ‘deck feathers’.

1997 Past & Present No. 157. 43 In 1605, Sir John Roper found a rare black falcon with thirteen train feathers for Viscount Cranborne.

2001 Bird Keeper Feb. 29/1 Obviously an aviary will have to be fairly large so as not to damage the impressive train—which is not the tail—of the male.

a. With of indicating composition. (a) A line or trail on a surface; (b) spec. a line of gunpowder, etc. (see sense 3b); also figurative and in figurative contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > linearity > [noun] > a linear object or mark

linec1290

train?1440

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 852 (MED) For auntis eek an oulis herte auayle is To putte vppon her bed, and al the route A trayne of chalk or askis holdith oute.

1522 Petition in Lett. & Papers Foreign & Domest. Henry VIII (1929) Add. I. i. 113 As your said oratour was making of a trayne of gonpowder to set the seid shipp on fyre one John Moysse..in the meane tyme sett fyre on the hepe of gonpowder.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxviii The Frenchmen..made traynes of gunpouder from strete to strete.

c1600 Hist. & Life James VI (1825) 6 They..then kendlit thair trayne of gun poulder.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. 315 A traine of powder about the touch-hole [of a gun].

a1686 T. Watson Body Pract. Divinity (1692) 472 He laid a train of temptation to blow up the castle of Jobs Faith.

1713 J. Trapp Peace 4 No less at home were Trains of Treason laid, No less th' Artillery of Malice plaid.

1780 M. P. Andrews Fire & Water ii. iii. 38 Zounds! don't come near me for the world. He's a train of gunpowder, a walking firework!

a1818 M. G. Lewis Jrnl. W. India Proprietor (1834) 172 He had a barn lighted by a large sash window, and into this he laid a train of corn, hiding some servants with guns behind the large doors.

1839 J. Towers Domest. Gardener's Man. (new ed.) 424 As soon as the young lettuces emerge from the ground, scatter a train of powdered quick-lime along, and at about an inch or two from the rows on each side, and at the ends, so as entirely to surround them.

1884 C. E. Cheney Young Folks' Hist. Civil War iv. 56 The last thing that was done was to lay a train of powder to the barracks and to the ships.

1943 J. C. Miller Origins Amer. Revol. x. 250 After the Townshend duties had produced an explosion in the colonies that rocked the empire, many members of Parliament wondered how it happened that they had unwittingly lighted this train of gunpowder.

2006 S. Benton Last Train from Richmond xxv. 193 Two barrels will do it. I'll use a train of powder for a fuse. I'll run it along the cat walk to the end of the trestle.

b. A line of gunpowder or other combustible substance laid so as to take a flame to a mine or charge in order to explode it. Also figurative and in figurative contexts.Compare gunpowder train n. at gunpowder n. Compounds 1a(a).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > explosive for use with firearms > in specific form or state

corn-powder1562

train1587

meal-powder1782

green charge1825

gunpowder cake1839

mill-cake1839

presscake1839

pellet powder1868

prismatic powder1869

pebble powder1870

pebble1872

prismatic1894

1522 Petition in Lett. & Papers Foreign & Domest. Henry VIII (1929) Add. I. i. 113 As your said oratour was making of a trayne of gonpowder to set the seid shipp on fyre one John Moysse, not having perfytte knowledge of the ordering of the seid trayne, in the meane tyme sett fyre on the hepe of gonpowder.]

1587 R. Hakluyt tr. R. de Laudonnière Notable Hist. Foure Voy. Florida ii. f. 32^v He with certayne others resolued to hide a litle barrel of gunne-powder vnderneath my bed, and by a trayne [Fr. trainee] to set it on fire.

1605 Ld. Salisbury Let. 9 Nov. in Catal. Select. Stowe MSS (1883) 41 There was found likewise some quantitye of small pouder, for to make a trayne, and a peece of match and a tynder boxe to haue fired the trayne.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. 315 Above it [sc. the touch-hole of a gun] a night-house to keep the trayne dry.

1677 W. Hughes Man of Sin i. i. 4 A Mine was made, and Train was laid hereby for blowing up the Gospel it self.

1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 108 Placing..Barrels of Powder at the Foot of them, to which they give Fire, by Trains laid for that purpose.

1798 in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. p. clviii She [sc. a ship] was set on fire by a train.

1839 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 2 45/1 We were fortunate enough to witness two of these blasting operations... The order for firing the train given... In a few seconds after the ignition of the train, a rumbling sound, like that of..distant thunder was heard, and the..whole mass was lifted bodily from its base.

1850 G. Grote Hist. Greece VII. ii. lxi. 517 He..had already laid his train..for revolt.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xxi. 549 The spark had fallen: the train was ready: the explosion was immediate and terrible. After a tumultuous debate [etc.].

1916 E. Lipson Europe in XIXth Cent. iv. 142 This new development..reached its zenith with the news of the revolutions at Paris and Vienna, news which fired the train already laid in Hungary.

1921 S. Ashmead-Bartlett From Somme to Rhine 38 We also discovered two shells buried under the cross-roads outside our Headquarters with a ‘burning’ fuse attached. Apparently the enemy had left in too great a hurry to light the train.

2000 G. A. Fletcher Understanding Dennis Robertson iii. xvii. 243 Chambers and Darwin had set the charge and lit the train.

†4. A thing that drags or moves something else.

a. A rope for dragging a plough or harrow. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > other ploughing equipment

trainc1450

rod bat1842

sidewiper1842

porter1864

stubble-turner1875

c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 566/25 Attractorium, a trayne, sed melius a trays.

1798 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XX. 260 The harrows are drawn side-ways by a train or side rope (like that used in a plough).

b. The carriage of a printing press. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > carriage

train1594

type-carriage1825

coffin1888

1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy Interchangeable Course ii. f. 22 He maketh the train [Fr. train] of the presse to roule [etc.].

5. An object that is dragged.

†a. Hunting. An object dragged along the ground to make a scent or trail; a drag. Cf. sense 15. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > [noun] > drag

train1558

train-scent1593

trail-scent1682

trail1763

drag1841

scent bag1889

1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos vii. sig. U.j There sodenly, among his houndes, this virgyn vyle of Hell Did cast a trayne, and by the sute their noses fyld with smell, A hart to find and rouse.

1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxvi. 187 Take a skynne of Bacon..and when it is well broyled..dippe it and puddle it in this sawce..and make a trayn therewith, and..if there be a Foxe neare to any place where the trayne is drawne, he will followe it.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 681 The hunters in some Countries..make a traine with a Hogges liuer sodde, cut in pieces and annointed ouer with hony, and so annointing their shoos with swines grease, draw after them a dead catte, which will cause the beasts to follow after very speedily.

†b. A drag net, a seine. Cf. train net n. at Compounds 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > drag-net

dray-netc1000

pullc1303

draw-net1386

dredge1471

drag1481

dragneta1542

train1576

tug-net1584

trainel1585

draught-net1630

trawl-net1697

trail1711

trawl1759

trail-net1820

pole trawl1836

train net1864

otter trawlc1870

turn-net1883

pair trawl1967

1576 A. Fleming tr. J. Caius Of Eng. Dogges 14 Such Dogges as serue for fowling... The first kinde of such serue the Hauke, The seconde, the net, or traine.

1610 Bible (Douay) II. Hab. i. 15 He drew it in his traine [L. sagena], and gathered it into his nette.

1693 in J. Ray Coll. Curious Trav. II. iv. 17 There is also the Hook and Bait-fishing up and down with long Lines; the Train and Hand-Nets, &c.

1784 A. M’Donell Let. 3 Aug. in Third Rep. Comm. Brit. Fisheries (House of Commons) (1785) 230 In the Evening I shot a small Train (Net) amongst them, and in about Half an Hour hauled 8 Barrels of very fine Fish.

c. Navy and Military (now historical). The trail of a gun carriage: see trail n.¹ 5.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > gun carriage > [noun] > trail

train1702

trail1768

bracket-trail1865

1702 F. Povey Sea-gunners Compan. 52 That your Ladles, and Spunges, and Worms be lasht and plac'd on the side of the Carriage of the Gun, and the Lockers that are made in the Train of your Carriage, have more or less Powder and Ball,..as may defend you upon any surprize of Ambushcade.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Crochets de retraite, the eye-bolts, in the train of a gun-carriage, wherein are hooked the relieving-tackles.

1839 W. Symonds Remark Bk. in J. A. Sharp Mem. Life & Services Rear-Admiral Sir W. Symonds (1858) vi. 229 I also saw a new kind of double roller for prising up the train of a gun to facilitate its running out.

1884 N. J. Floyd Thorns in Flesh xx. 329 ‘Eh? What!’ exclaimed the general, springing up from the train of a gun carriage, upon which he was sitting.

1938 Pop. Sci. Monthly Nov. 173/1 The blocks with eyes are hooked to staples in the waterways and the train of the carriage.

d. Canadian. = traineau n. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on runners > [noun] > for transport of goods

sleadc1374

draya1387

sled1388

slipe1488

slid1513

drag1576

sledge1684

skid1712

paddock1738

sleigh1748

train1783

bobsled1796

bobsleigh1841

bob1856

stone-boat1859

travois1873

slider1888

bobs1910

1783 Quebec Gaz. 22 May 2/1 No person shall come with traines, carts or other carriages, loaded with hay, straw or wood within the limits of the market-place.

1833 C. F. Hoffman Let. 26 Dec. in Winter in West (1835) I. 213 At last a train [note, a rough kind of sled] and a couple of carioles drove up to the door.

1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) Train (Fr. traineau), a peculiar kind of sleigh used for the transportation of merchandise, wood, etc., in Canada.

1918 G. C. Davidson North West Co. viii. 246 A train, or traineau, was a sledge made of a thin board, ten or twelve inches wide, and eight or ten feet long.

1969 in Dict. Newfoundland Eng. (1982) 577/2 A big boy piled a load [of fire wood] on a train. He then dragged it to the church and packed it in the required place at the back. The ‘train’ is a long sleigh locally built and was used mostly for country travel hitched to two dogs... It is a wooden sleigh strongly built and with ‘iron shoes’ (steel bands) along the bottom of the runners. An average size train was seven feet long, six or seven inches high and about two feet wide.

6. The track or trail of an animal. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animals hunted > trail > [noun]

feutea1375

treadc1400

fewea1425

racka1467

train1568

foiling1575

slot1575

trail1590

fuse1611

piste1696

spoor1823

sign1851

slotting1909

1568 T. Hacket tr. A. Thevet New Found Worlde lxxvi. f. 124 They follow the footing of the Deere, and other wylde beastes in the Snowe,..and after that they haue founde out their trayne or footyng, they wil plant their braunches of Cedre which is greene there all the yeare long,..and there they wil hide them.

1645 B. Scudamore Let. in J. Jones Hereford (1858) ii. 30 One morning,..we had a cry of hounds in pursuit after the train of a fox about the walls of the citty.

a1695 A. Wood Hist. & Antiq. Colleges & Halls Univ. Oxf. (1792) II. i. 160 In the Said Play was acted a Cry of Hounds in the Quadrant, upon the train of a Fox in the hunting of Theseus.

1700 in H. Playford Wit & Mirth II. 55 To Hunt the Fox is an old sport... They that think all Pleasures vain, Will sometimes follow..the Fox's Train.

1908 N. Hebrides Mag. Jan. 19 The natives with me saw the train of a turtle on the sand. They thought to capture it, but did not succeed.

7. literary.

a. The current or course of a river, etc. Now rare.Quot. a1771 alludes to quot. 1667.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > course

gangeOE

streama1552

train1570

sweep1596

river channel1629

currency1657

thread1691

current1708

urn1726

river run1927

1570 W. Gibson Discription Nortons Falcehod (single sheet) If Riuers rage against the Sea. And swell with soddeine rayne: How glad are they to fall agayne, And trace their wonted traine?

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 306 Within those banks, where Rivers now Stream, and perpetual draw thir humid traine .

1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur ii. 39 Pure Crystal Rivers through the Meadows flow,..Their watry Train in Snaky Windings slides.

a1771 T. Gray Fragm. Hymn to Ignorance 176 in Poems (1775) ii Perpetual draws his humid train of mud.

1808 W. Scott Marmion iii. Introd. 117 Like streamlet..winding slow its silver train.

1879 Oxf. High School Mag. Dec. 35 Carried along in the river's train, Ice and snow are melted again.

1907 W. A. Merrill in Lucretius De Rerum Natura Libri Sex 669 Agmine: the line of march or train of a river is the current.

b. The elongated body of a large snake or dragon.See also serpent-train n. at serpent n. Compounds 1a(a).

ΚΠ

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. 18 Tho wrapping vp her wrethed sterne arownd, Lept fierce vpon his shield, and her huge traine All suddenly about his body wound.

1607 R. Niccols Cuckow 34 Th'articke side, whereas the Dragons traine Diuides the wrathfull beares by Charles his waine.

1648 J. Beaumont Psyche i. vi. 2 Nor dar'd they stay, by kembing to make neat Their snarled Snakes, or draw their Tails huge trains Into a knot, or trim their cloven feet With iron shoes, or gather up their Chains.

a1717 W. Diaper tr. Oppian Halieuticks (1722) ii. 80 The Snake impatient winds his twisted Train, And knotted Wreaths express the wringing Pain.

1727 J. Thomson Summer 55 The green Serpent gathers up his Train, In Orbs immense.

1828 E. Atherstone Fall of Nineveh I. ii. 35 A smooth firm path, From base to summit, like a serpent's train, Around the mountain coiled.

1849 H. Melville Mardi I. lxvi. 234 Their great black prows curling aloft, and thrown back like trunks of elephants; a dark, snaky length behind, like the sea-serpent's train.

1914 W. Malone Hernando de Soto 146 The great mountain roads..Clung chain-like round the sides of giddy peaks, And convoluted like a serpent's train Through the white wastes.

1978 P. Oldham tr. J. Cocteau in New Direct. in Prose & Poetry 37 68 The red glove of crime The serpent's train Its head which is a revolver.

†c. A continuous extent. Cf. also sense 11. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vii. 269 When those nations be once subdued that are betwen you and us..then shal your dominion reach all the way in a continued train, as farre as unto us.

II. Denoting material things in a series with regard to their parts: a group or sequence of people, animals, vehicles, or other inanimate things.

* A sequence, series, etc., with composition potentially or explicitly specified.

8. A number of people following, accompanying, or attending on a person, usually one of high rank or importance; a body of attendants, retainers, or followers; a retinue, suite.

a. Without indication of composition.With quot. c1390 compare note at sense 1.

ΚΠ

c1390 [implied in: c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 625 (MED) Mayden, Meoke and Mylde, God haþ taken in þe his fleschly trene; I [sc. Rood] bar þi fruit leoþi and lene.].

c1440 Sir Degrevant (Thornton) (1949) l. 1155 (MED) Þe riche Duke with a trayne To þe castelle gan fare.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xiii. viii. 48 Al the chymmys riall rownd abowt Was fyllyt with thar tryne and mekill rowt.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings x. 2 She came to Ierusalem with a maruelous greate trayne.

?a1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolsey (1959) 45 His harbergers passyng byfore to provyde lodgynges for his trayn.

1612 in M. C. Questier Newslett. Archpresbyterate G. Birkhead (1998) 167 The gyftes which the kinge bestowed one him self and his trayne are sayed to amount to thirty thousand crounes.

1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. i. xxxiv. 157 The rest of his traine came after him.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 108 The sordid and nasty way that the Ambassadour and all his train lived in.

1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xv. 170 Rule as he will his portion'd Realms on high; No Vassal God, nor of his Train am I.

1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII I. iii. 117 One of his train..attempted to make his way by force.

1780 Mirror No. 108 The train of Sir Edward brought up their master in the condition I have described.

1829 W. Irving Chron. Conq. Granada I. xxi. 154 The loyal train which had come to welcome him, was but scanty in number.

1880 J. R. Black Young Japan I. xv. 168 It is a sight exceedingly curious and worthy of admiration, to see all the persons who compose the numerous train of a great prince.

1908 G. K. Chesterton Man who was Thursday x. 200 There appeared in his train, not only his seconds carrying the sword-case, but two of his servants carrying a portmanteau.

1951 H. C. Goddard Meaning of Shakespeare xxii. 314 Caesar with his train enters, and when he has retired, Casca tells how he was three times offered the crown and three times refused it.

2008 D. M. Loades Life & Career William Paulet ii. 22 The King spent five days lodged at the abbey and provided lavish hospitality for Francis and his train.

b. With of indicating composition.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > [noun] > collective or company of

hirdiferec1275

train1541

yeomanryc1660

entourage1850

surrounding1877

surroundings1894

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxvii. f. 58^v He hapned to meete with a senatours sonne, hauynge with hym a greatte trayne of yonge menne, whom he and they that were with hym saluted, doinge to hym reuerence.

?a1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolsey (1959) 57 Nowe was there lodged also madame Regent the kynges mother and all hir trayn of ladys & gentillwomen.

1578 T. Nicholas tr. F. Lopez de Gómara Pleasant Hist. Conquest W. India 47 His neyghbours came..with a good trayne of their vessals and seruitours.

1656 Disc. Auxiliary Beauty 82 The great pomp or princely parada used by Queen Berenice, and her train of women.

1692 E. Settle 2nd Pt. Notorious Impostor Ep. Ded. Great Names, and High Titles are always attended by a Train of Suitors and Addressors.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 113. ⁋3 She has ever had a Train of Admirers.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Menial, one of the train of servants.

1833 H. Martineau Messrs. Vanderput & Snoek i The long train of mourners.

1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 123 A train of listeners followed him.

1942 H. Lieferant & S. Lieferant Heavenly Harmony xiii. 235 Hannah walked down the aisle ahead of her train of loyal, faithful men.

2010 J. Feerick Strangers in Blood v. 155 He denies her a devoted train of followers due ‘such a state and beauty’.

9. A body of people, animals, vehicles, etc., travelling together in an organized way, esp. in a long line or procession; a succession of people or moving things. Also figurative (poetic): a set or class of people. baggage-train, etc.: see the first element.

a. With of indicating composition.Also with equivalent modifier, as bullock, fisher, goddess, ox, peasant, wagon-train, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [noun] > passage in a continuous stream > procession

processionOE

drightfarea1225

precessiona1400

processionc1400

walking1449

train1489

walk1563

processioning1593

band1611

solemnity1636

proceeding1660

cavalcade1670

parade1673

cortège1679

processionade1762

processional1820

crocodile1891

ram1912

processing1920

paseo1927

croc1948

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > collective or retinue

hirdc888

douthOE

gingc1175

folkc1275

hirdfolcc1275

tail1297

meiniec1300

routc1325

suitc1325

peoplec1330

leading1382

retinuea1387

repairc1390

retenancea1393

farneta1400

to-draughta1400

sembly14..

sequelc1420

manya1425

followingc1429

affinity?1435

family1438

train1489

estatec1500

port1545

retain1548

equipage1579

suite1579

attendancy1586

attendance1607

tendancea1616

sequacesa1660

cortège1679

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxiii. sig. Eij^v A longe trayne of men of armes al clos togyder.

1562 A. Golding tr. Briefe Treat. Burnynge Bucer & Phagius sig. H.ii The dead bodyes..being bound with ropes, & layd vpon mens shoulders..were borne into the middes of y^e market sted with a great trayne of people folowing them.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 132 After him [sc. Abraham] a cumbrous Train Of Herds and Flocks, and numerous servitude.

1699 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ II. iii. vii. 76 They had Recourse to the whole Train of prophetical Divinities.

1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xvii. 529 So flies a Vulture thro' the clam'rous Train Of Geese, that scream, and scatter round the Plain.

1750 S. Richardson Lett. Particular Friends (ed. 4) clii. 219 Trains of admiring Lovers, ready-pair'd, followed one another in thronging Crouds at the Gate.

1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein I. vii. 172 The caravans, or large trains of waggons, by which the internal commerce..was carried on.

1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xxxi. 363 Camels, trains of which..may be seen making their way along the crowded streets.

1948 Life 20 Sept. 6/2 He..dashes out toward the center of the street to miss—just barely—a train of burros.

1991 S. Winchester Pacific (1992) 390 Long trains of huge old rice-barges lumbered by.

2009 T. McNeese Oregon Trail ii. 27 For the first time, a train of wagons had reached the Rockies.

b. Without indication of composition.

ΚΠ

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) viii. xii. l. 119 The pepill..passand per ordour, all on raw, In langsum tryne.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) ii. ii. 34 Which of this Princely trayne Call ye the Warlike Talbot?

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 291 The best Hawks..fly in Trains like Wild Geese.

1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xviii. 657 To this, one Pathway gently winding leads, Where march a Train with Baskets on their Heads.

1746 W. Dunkin tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles ii. ii. 129 What milder Frenzy goads the rhiming Train?

1763 J. Hoole tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered II. xvii. 178 To these succeed the wand'ring Arab train, Who shift their canvas towns from plain to plain.

1824 Fatal Errors & Fund. Truths 307 I watched the approach of the little train with interest; and when they had passed through the church portal, I followed them.

1857 Ballou's Dollar Monthly Mag. May 412/2 Our travelling train consisted of seven wagons, hired from Dutch-African colonists, and driven by the owners, or their native servants, slaves and Hottentots.

1901 Bull. Amer. Bureau Geogr. Mar. 32/1 On backs of donkeys. They are driven in trains and are in charge of muleteers.

1950 M. F. McKeown Them was Days vii. 177 On account of the Indians, her and me was put in the middle of the train.

2010 C. M. MacLachlan & W. H. Beezley Mexico's Crucial Cent. i. 52 Heavy cargo hauled by oxen and mules in trains of several hundred animals, with at times fifty large wheeled wagons, fueled economic activity.

10. Military (now historical).

a. The artillery and other equipment for a battle or siege, with the vehicles carrying them and the soldiers in attendance, following or ready to follow an army. artillery, battering, field, siege, supply train, etc.: see the first element.

(a) Without indication of composition.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > [noun] > field equipment

train1523

train service1753

field equipment1787

supply train1788

field park1805

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. lxxvi. 96 Syr Wyllyam Montagu..yssued out a horsbacke, and folowed couertly the hynder trayne of the scottes, who had horses so charged with baggage, y^t they might scant go any gret pace.

1650 O. Cromwell Let. 4 Sept. in Writings & Speeches (1939) (modernized text) II. 323 The enemy drew down to their right wing.., shogging also their foot and train much to the right.

1798 W. Watkins Anomaliae 27 Feb. 152 Four-sevenths of one who in an army's train, Or digs the mine, or fills with mounds the plain.

1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon VI. x. 299 A body of French, rushing to charge a body of Austrians, which still occupied one end of a burning street, were interrupted by some waggons belonging to the enemy's train.

1857 F. Palgrave Hist. Normandy & Eng. II. iv. 755 Whilst the Danes were advancing, Richard..marched concurrently to meet them: and, in the army's train, good store of provisions followed, such as would encourage his guests.

1900 Daily News 11 June 4/3 The military expression..‘our trains’, is apt to lead to misunderstanding..where the troops..have been actually travelling by railway trains.

1958 M. Barnes tr. M. Levaillant Passionate Exiles v. 68 He replied indirectly by asking the Ministry that..one of the first administrative posts to be created in the train of the army should be reserved for the young attaché.

1994 P. G. Halpern Naval Hist. World War I ix. 272 Technically these [motorboats] were not naval craft, but belonged to the train of the army.

(b) With of indicating composition. Also: a unit or complement of artillery, etc.; a suite of heavy weapons; a battery.

ΚΠ

1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin viii. 457 The vessells would haue sought sauetie by flying, but because there was a long traine [Fr. trainée] & ranke of great artilleries, which managed by men experienced, bet a farre of, they chaunged rather the place of peril, then auoided the daunger.

1625 Gen. Coll. Treatys (1732) II. 256 An Army consisting of a like number of Infantry and Cavalry, with a full Train of Cannon, and all that commonly and necessarily belongs thereto.

1644 Articles Treaty in W. Dugdale Full Relation Treaty Uxbridge (1645) 171 The said Trayne of Artillery, to be fitted in all points ready to March.

1675 London Gaz. No. 1482/3 A great Convoy is lately arrived at Audenard, with vast quantities of all sorts of Military Provision, and a Train of Artillery.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 497. ⁋2 A blunt honest fellow, who had a command in the train of artillery.

1761 London Mag. Apr. 184/2 To send a body of about 400 Europeans, with a train of artillery and 400 Seapoys.

1789 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 945/2 All the gates of the palace are further secured by a train of cannon, to prevent any surprize or escape.

1810 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1836) VI. 88 They have collected a train of artillery at Salamanca for the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo.

1857 W. A. Orr Despatch 28 Oct. in R. G. Burton Hist. Hyderabad Contingent (1905) xii. 182 Bringing on a train of guns and large quantity of ordnance stores over an almost impracticable road.

1873 G. A. Custer My Life on Plains (1874) xiii.135 Like a travelling village of Bedouins, the troopers and their train of supplies stretched out into column.

1904 H. S. Williams Historians' Hist. World XXI. iv. viii. 188 He [sc. James II of Scotland] was proud of his train of cannon, and of the skill of a French engineer, who could level them so truly as to hit within a fathom of the place he aimed at.

a1963 G. Mattingly in R. B. Werham New Cambr. Mod. Hist. (1968) III. vi. 150 The army that Charles VIII led over the Alps, with its serried masses of Swiss pikemen, its quick-stepping Gascon light infantry, its train of heavy guns, [etc.].

2008 S. Bull Furie of Ordnance iii. 60 This painfully slow cleansing of the Augean stables being complete Parliament could finally commence forming its own train of artillery.

†b. The rear of an army or body of soldiers. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > part of army by position > [noun] > rear

back-wardc1275

rearwarda1325

reredosc1400

reward1440

back-guardc1470

rearguard1481

arrière-guard1489

retroguard1574

arrear-ward1579

forlorn hope1579

train1598

back1600

rear1604

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres ii. 28 How to turne their faces, making front of either flanke or traine.

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. ii. 55 The armed pikes..shall be..placed in the front and in traine of the battell.

11. An extended series of material objects or surfaces; a row, rank; esp. a series of things arranged in a definite order for some purpose.

a. Without indication of composition.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > [noun] > a line or row

reweOE

rowc1225

ranka1325

rengec1330

ordera1382

rulec1384

rangea1450

ray1481

line1557

tier1569

train1610

string1713

rail1776

windrow1948

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 343 Upon this shore, lie out with a long traine certaine heapes in manner bankes or rampiers.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 43 Being layd of a row or train.

1763 W. Roberts Acct. First Discov. Florida p. vi Our more northern colonies..form one continued train along the whole eastern-side of North-America.

1784 W. Coxe Trav. Poland, Russia, Sweden, & Denmark I. iv. iv. 488 The chief officers of the houshold, the mistress of the robes, the maids of honour, and other ladies of the bed chamber, advancing two by two in a long train, announced the approach of their sovereign.

1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man xviii. 356 Detached fragments of rock..in long parallel trains.

1901 Bull. Pharmacy June 234/2 The fires for which I have given formulas..should be laid out in a long train on a few thicknesses of newspaper and burned ‘against the wind’.

2006 G. Dearnaley & J. Arps in Y. Pauleau Materials Surface Processing by directed Energy Techniques v. 187 Localized regions of strain associated with dislocations that intersect the surface are a cause of pit formation, and these sometimes occur in rows or ‘trains’.

b. With of indicating composition. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1681 Char. Heraclitus & Observator (single sheet) When the faultring Fancy of the jaded Author is at a stand, he is forced to be beholden to the Publisher to fill up the bottom of the Sheet with a Train of Advertisements.

1715 T. C. tr. H. Michelot Mediterranean Pilot 75 There is a long Train of Rocks under-water.

1758 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) III. 511 A train of two chaises and two cars with us..and our sumpter-car.

1774 M. Mackenzie Treat. Maritim Surv. 76 When the Survey has been continued by a Train of stasimetric Triangles.

a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1822) IV. 148 On both sides of this avenue a train of islands arranged themselves.

1860 E. Emmons Man. Geol. (ed. 2) xx. 250 The most distinct belt, or train of boulders from these mountains, passes through Amsterdam, Montgomery county, New York.

1930 Prof. Papers U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 160. 90/2 Muir..described long trains of glacially quarried blocks which he had observed in the vicinity of Tenaya Lake.

12.

a. A set of gears, wheels, rollers, or other connected parts of a mechanism which actuate one another or operate sequentially. Also: a series of lenses, prisms, etc., mounted so as to act in succession.

(a) With of indicating composition.Also with equivalent modifier, as gear, roll, valve, wheel-train, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [noun] > consisting of series of parts

train?1714

train-work1859

?1714 F. Hauksbee Course Exper. Mechanicks Pl. IV This only a Train of Wheel-work.

1797 Monthly Mag. 3 464 Thus the progressive motion is communicated to the cotton spindles in the same manner as it is to the different parts of a common time-piece—by a train of wheels.

1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic xi. 292 Motions are propagated..along a great variety of trains of mechanism.

1850 E. B. Denison Rudimentary Treat. Clock & Watch Making 28 A clock consists of a train of wheels.

1878 W. de W. Abney Treat. Photogr. (1881) 280 A train of prisms..set to the angle of minimum deviation.

1881 Metal World No. 22. 340 The moving of the car sets in motion a train of gears, which in turn gives motion to the pencil mechanism.

1923 Photo-miniature May 421 Attached to this rack and pinion mechanism..is a train of gears which cause a cam shaped disc to revolve slowly.

1995 P. Woodward My Own Right Time i. 4 The purpose of an escapement is to convert rotary motion from the train of gears into reciprocating motion to drive a pendulum.

2010 W. T. Grondzik et al. Mech. & Electr. Equipm. for Buildings (ed. 11) xvi. 729 (caption) Concentration and collimation of sunlight can be accomplished with a sun-tracking mirror and an optical train of mirrors and lenses.

(b) Without indication of composition; spec. the set of wheels and pinions in a clock or watch which turns the hands (the going train) or actuates the striking part (the striking train) (cf. sense 14).clock, drive, going, striking, watch train, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > part(s) of

nut1428

peise1428

plumbc1450

Jack1498

clockwork1516

larum1542

Jack of the clockhouse1563

watch-wheel1568

work1570

plummeta1578

Jack of the clock1581

snail-cam1591

snail-work1591

pointer1596

quarter jack1604

mainspring1605

winder1606

notch-wheel1611

fusee1622

count-wheel1647

jack-wheel1647

frame1658

arbor1659

balance1660

fuse1674

hour-figure1675

stop1675

pallet1676

regulator1676

cock1678

movement1678

detent1688

savage1690

clock1696

pinwheel1696

starred wheel1696

swing-wheel1696

warning-wheel1696

watch1696

watch-part1696

hoop-wheel1704

hour-wheel1704

snail1714

step-wheel1714

tide-work1739

train1751

crutch1753

cannon pinion1764

rising board1769

remontoire1774

escapement1779

clock jack1784

locking plate1786

scapement1789

motion work1795

anchor escapement1798

scape1798

star-wheel1798

recoil escapement1800

recoiling pallet1801

recoiling scapement1801

cannon1802

hammer-tail1805

recoiling escapement1805

bottle jack1810

renovating spring1812

quarter-boy1815

pin tooth1817

solar wheel1819

impulse-teeth1825

pendulum wheel1825

pallet arbor1826

rewinder1826

rack hook1829

snail-wheel1831

quarter bell1832

tow1834

star pulley1836

watch train1838

clock train1843

raising-piece1843

wheelwork1843

gravity escapement1850

jumper1850

vertical escapement1850

time train1853

pin pallet1860

spade1862

dead well1867

stop-work1869

ringer1873

strike-or-silent1875

warning-piece1875

guard-pin1879

pendulum cock1881

warning-lever1881

beat-pin1883

fusee-piece1884

fusee-snail1884

shutter1884

tourbillion1884

tumbler1884

virgule1884

foliot1899

grasshopper1899

grasshopper escapement1899

trunk1899

pin lever1908

clock spring1933

1751 J. Ferguson in H. Rose & L. Shaw Geneal. Deduction Family Rose of Kilravock (1848) 443 The water-wheel moves a train for turning two mill-stones.

1795 Analyt. Rev. 21 233 The balance is in fact connected with the train for this minute period.

1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 180 The plates and train of a watch without the escapement are also spoken of as the movement.

1946 V. N. Wood Metall. Materials vi. 161 The subsequent rolling is carried out on smaller mills often arranged in the form of a train, each separate set of rolls being known as a stand.

1968 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 78 342 Modifications to the system are possible where space restrictions exist, but this would entail addition(s) to the optical train.

2008 J. Marchant Decoding Heavens vi. 206 Adding in three extra wheels Wright came up with a simple train in which the little dial turned once in every 20 turns of the main pointer.

b. Manufacturing Technology. A set of interconnected units for carrying out a specified chemical process, esp. the liquefaction of gas.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for making other articles > [noun] > gas-making equipment > parts of

condensator1804

condenser1809

gas retort1818

seal1853

seal-cup1872

seal-pipe1875

train1925

1925 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 11 232 Helium..was first subjected to chemical purification by passing successively over hot copper, hot copper oxide, aqueous potassium hydroxide, solid potassium hydroxide, phosphorus pentoxide, hot copper and hot calcium, and was stored in a battery of seven glass-mercury gasometers, so connected that the gas could be recirculated through the purifying train.

1945 Amer. Dyestuff Reporter 34 P55/1 Each bowl in the dye train performs a specific function. The first bowl serves to wet out the scoured wool.

1976 Offshore Platforms & Pipelining 11/3 Three treating trains each include an inlet separator and glycol contactor.

1988 Petroleum Gaz. (Melbourne) Dec. 22/2 Design work is to proceed on the..third processing train on the Burrup Peninsula to liquefy natural gas for export to Japan.

2005 Wall St. Jrnl. 26 May (Central ed.) d6/5 In November..Repsol signed a deal with Gas Natural SDG SA and Sonatrach for a ‘first train’, the technical term for a liquid-natural-gas processing plant.

** A sequence, series, etc., with composition never specified.

†13. Cookery. A dish consisting of dried fruit and nuts strung on a long thread and cooked. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared fruit and dishes > [noun] > dried fruit preparations

traina1450

minced meat1762

mincemeat1824

mebos1862

a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 60 Le .ij. cours..Halybutte. Plays fryid. Trayne Roste.

c1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 97 Take Dates and figges..And þen take grete reysons and blanched almondes, and prik hem thorgh with a nedel into a threde of a mannys length,..rost the treyne abought the fire in þe spete;..cast the batur on the treyne as he turneth abought the fire.

1905 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 334 This recipe..is so quaintly worded, and at the same time so well expressed, that one longs to experimentalise in Roast Train.]

14. The rate of beats of a clock or watch (see beat n.¹ 7a). Now rare.

ΚΠ

1675 Oughtred's Method calculating Numbers in J. Smith Horol. Dialogues 112 A Watch of a swift train about 10000.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Train, is the Number of Beats which the Watch maketh in an Hour or any other certain time.

?1785 J. Imison School of Arts 232 Number of beats in an hour, which is called the train of a watch; which train is called swifter or slower, as the number of beats in an hour is more or less.

1806 New & Compl. Amer. Encycl. II. 70/1 Divide the beats in 12 hours into 12 parts, and it gives 17952, which is called the train of the watch, or the beats in an hour.

1880 Eng. Mechanic 6 Feb. 539/2 Next ascertain the train of the watch, as it was originally, and if suitable for the lever escapement.

1948 A. L. Rawlings Sci. Clocks & Watches (ed. 2) ix. 167 Nearly all modern pocket or wrist watches have what is called an 18,000 train, because they make that number of ticks in an hour, or five ticks a second.

†15. Hunting. A line or trail of pieces of carrion or the like laid to lure a wild animal into a trap. Cf. sense 5a; also train n.¹ 3. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation iii. xx. 104 For Beasts of Prey, as the Wolf, Fox, Badger, Polecat, &c. make a Train, and when you come to any of the places which you have so prepared, throw four or five bits of your Train-Carrion upon it.

*** A sequence, series, etc., of non-material things.

16. A number of things following one another in time or order; a series or course of actions, events, etc.

a. A course of action in relation to its manner or purpose; method of procedure; manner of action; way of life; course, drift, or direction of a discourse, argument, etc. Usually with of indicating composition. Not always clearly distinguishable from sense 16b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > [noun] > system or way of proceeding

i-wunec888

proceeding1425

trainc1475

way1563

procedure?1577

management1649

proceed1674

démarche1721

trade1721

procédé1861

the world > action or operation > behaviour > way of life > [noun] > course or way of life

wayeOE

lifeOE

train1580

career1803

c1475 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 15th Cent. (1939) 288 (MED) Who-so that in suche a vessel these tranes shulde, Rest he ne may, day nother nyght.

c1530 (title) The ordre or Trayne of Warre, that a prynce or heed Captayne ought to take.

1534 T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1330/2 They..corrupte some well mynded menne, before they perceyue the trayne of theyr craftye purpose.

1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David xv He that leads of life an uncorrupted traine.

1609 A. Gardyne Garden Grave & Godlie Flowres 38 For Fortunes favour or her fead I nether eik nor pairs my trynde; Though misreport of me be made I nether vex nor moue my minde.

a1677 I. Barrow Serm. Several Occasions (1678) 157 God..by secret methods, and undiscernible trains, ordereth all events.

1745 D. Fordyce Dialogues conc. Educ. I. viii. 180 What forms the Quack, the supple Courtier, and the sham Patriot, but the Train of Dissimulation in which they have been hackneyed?

1756 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (1761) II. xxviii. 134 His splendid ostentatious train of life.

1836 Random Recoll. Ho. Lords xvi. 388 You never misapprehend the train of his reasoning.

1873 A. Wood Love or Pride ii. 10 If his brain was not quite clear on one point, if a link was wanting in the train of his reasoning, then everything else was put aside till the point was cleared up or the missing link found.

1905 W. Magnay Prince of Lovers iii. 22 Judged from his expression, the train of his thought led to very complex considerations.

2009 H. Rabinowitz & S. Vogel in Man. Sci. Style i. i. 26 This could also..cause the reader to lose the train of the argument.

b. With of indicating composition or equivalent modifier, more generally: a series, succession, sequence (of actions, events, thoughts, or phenomena); a continuous course (of action, reasoning, etc.).Not always clearly distinguishable from sense 16a.

(a) With various nouns.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > [noun] > a succession, series, or sequence

suit1406

sequencea1575

train1606

series1618

track1681

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > continuity or uninterruptedness > [noun] > continuous succession > a continuous series or course

seriousnessc1487

continuity1601

train1606

series1613

thread1642

continuum1650

clue1656

run1709

1606 R. Knolles tr. J. Bodin Six Bks. Common-weale vi. vi. 766 King Charls the seuenth..commanded heapes of lawes to be written, with a whole traine of reasons for the making of the same.

1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 107 The Eastern winde driues on the roaring train Of white-blew billows.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. iii. 8 By Consequence, or Trayne of Thoughts, I understand that succession of one Thought to another, which is called (to distinguish it from Discourse in words) Mentall Discourse.

1655 J. Howell 4th Vol. Familiar Lett. vii. 19 A wife is the best or the worst fortune that can betide a man throughout the whole train of his life.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xiv. 84 A train of Ideas, which constantly succeed one another in his Understanding.

1724 R. Fiddes Gen. Treat. Morality Pref. p. cxix A train of accusations which, severally, want to be proved themselves.

1764 T. Reid Inq. Human Mind v. §5 Long and demonstrative trains of reasoning.

a1767 W. Macfarlane Geneal. Coll. (1900) II. 310 He caused Apprehend and Execute at Crief for a train and Tract of Depredations MacRobertus Strowanus.

1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. i. 1 A long train of fortunate events.

1858 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1871) II. viii. 582 The result of a long train of causes.

1872 C. Darwin Expression Emotions Man & Animals ix. 223 He encounters some obstacle in his train of reasoning..and then a frown passes like a shadow over his brow.

1916 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 30 330 This was seized upon..as the occasion for..a long train of government investigations, reports, petitions, and bills in congress.

1955 F. O' Connor Wise Blood i. 13 Mrs. Hitchcock lost her train of talk. ‘I guess you're on your way to visit somebody?’ she asked.

1992 R. M. Davis Mid-Lands vii. 86 I was relieved to find a colleague who was also a Southern Baptist minister and could follow a hard train of reasoning to an unpalatable end.

2010 S. Newton in F. Johns et al. Events viii. 106 The fall of the Wall..set in motion (or at least carried forward) the train of events which brought in the new world order.

(b) Frequently in train of thought.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > product of thinking, thought > [noun] > continuous thought

vein1545

train of thought1688

sequaciousness1851

stream of consciousness1928

1688 R. L'Estrange Brief Hist. Times III. xiii. 251 In a Train of Thought it comes Naturally now to be Enquir'd into, what New Inducements or Enformations, they received, the Second day toward the Presumption of his being Strangled.

1770 G. White Let. 19 Feb. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 125 Your observation..struck me so forcibly, that I naturally fell into a train of thought that led me to consider whether the fact was so.

1833 J. Forbes et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. II. 833 The term monomania, meaning madness affecting one train of thought..has generally been adopted of late times instead of melancholia.

1899 W. James Talks to Teachers xv. 190 Our habitual associations of ideas, trains of thought, and sequences of action, might thus be consequences of the succession of currents in our nervous systems.

a1953 E. O'Neill Hughie (1959) 34 (stage direct.) His train of thought interrupted, irritably.

1959 F. Astaire Steps in Time (1960) i. 6 It is the easiest thing in the world to become discouraged by a well-meant suggestion which may throw you off your original train of thought.

2002 C. Newland Snakeskin xv. 194 I didn't mean to disrespect my old friend, but I knew she was wandering dangerous territory with her particular train of thought.

(c) An uninterrupted sequence of waves or pulses. Cf. pulse train n. at pulse n.² Compounds 1a, wave-train n. at wave n. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1845 Rep. 14th Meeting Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1844 350 The superficial particles continue to oscillate..as a phænomenon of the train of secondary waves.

1869 J. Tyndall in Fortn. Rev. 1 Feb. 228 But what, in the first instance, is a beam of light? It is a train of innumerable waves, excited in, and propagated through,..the Æther.

1912 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 87 93 The electric disturbance produced by a lightning discharge..is probably either a solitary wave or a very short train of waves.

1936 R. S. Glasgow Princ. Radio Engin. v. 109 The by-pass condenser across the telephone receivers serves to integrate the succession of rectified half waves of the train into the single dotted impulse.

1948 Proc. IRE 36 1457/1 A train of reset pulses is applied to the shift register.

1995 N.Y. Times 21 Mar. c10/4 The regions that have active cells..send back a train of nervous impulses to the thalamus.

2009 F. E. Stephenson & A. B. Rabinovich in P. R. Cummins et al. Tsunami Sci. Four Years after 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami 193 At many of the stations the first train of waves was followed by a second train of high frequency waves approximately two hours later.

17. Sequence, order, or arrangement for some result; connected order; course, process. Chiefly in in (†a) train.

a. With descriptive adjective, as good, fair, etc. Now somewhat archaic.

ΚΠ

1524 Sir T. More in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. I. 256 To use th'erle of Angwish for an instrument to wryng and wreste the maters in to bettre trayne.

1528 S. Gardiner in N. Pocock Rec. Reformation (1870) I. xlii. 82 Every~thing in good train and order.

1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares viii. xlvii. 215 He had dispos'd, in some good traine, His home affaires.

1746 Fool (1748) II. 23 The Affairs of Europe hereby put in a happy Train.

1796 P. Will tr. C. Grosse Horrid Myst. III. viii. 209 ‘Our affairs are in an excellent train!’ the Count whispered to me, while our kind host opened the door.

1842 T. B. Macaulay in Life & Lett. (1883) II. 114 I am..desirous to get on with my History, which is..in a fair train.

1920 E. V. Lucas Adventures & Enthusiasms 264 By delaying his arrival until the affair is in good train he takes his proper part as a London entertainer; that is to say, he is there when he is wanted.

1938 G. Heyer Royal Escape xvi. 398 All must be in good train before he again leaves the safety of my house.

1981 J. Aiken Stolen Lake v. 120 ‘Matters are in excellent train,’ he told them. ‘I have had a most affable message from Queen Ginevra, instructing me to wait on her at two.’

b. Without descriptive adjective. Frequently in to set (also put) in train.

ΚΠ

?1572 T. Paynell tr. Treasurie Amadis of Fraunce x. 256 The fayre Diana or Moone shall arise, setting you in traine and order to go and to inuade our enimies.

1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Life Agricola in tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. 260 Our men..were now in traine of winning the fielde.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. 3 Concerning the Thoughts of man, I will consider them first Singly, and afterwards in Trayn, or dependence upon one another.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. vii. 228 It is not enough, that a Man has Ideas clear and distinct..he must think in train.

1776 E. Pendleton Let. 31 July in Lett. & Papers (1967) I. 190 Mr. Taylor delivered your Message..but I have not mentioned it, as things were in such a train, as will not admit of that Plan.

1813 C. Cuthbertson Adelaide II. xx. 418 Montagu set in train an exchange from General Harley's regiment.

1822 Ld. Byron Let. 4 Apr. (1979) IX. 203 I will try (as Executor, if I am so) to put your business in a train for settlement—as early as possible.

1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay x. 164 Putting matters in train for the election.

1920 Printers' Ink 7 Mar. 197/2 (advt.) A magazine now in train for publication is in the market for travel stories of Europe, the Mediterranean and Great Britain.

1954 R. J. Hammond Food & Agric. in Brit. iii. 42 Arrangements for feedstuffs rationing had been in train for some months.

1978 ‘M. M. Kaye’ Far Pavilions iv. xxx. 439 It remained only for the bride's relatives to choose which of the two selected dates..they preferred and the arrangements for the ceremony would at once be put in train.

2007 G. H. Jamieson Visual Communication iv. 72 The veneration of national flags which can set in train emotive responses that defy formal analysis.

18.

a. A set of attendant things, circumstances, or conditions; a series of consequences. Frequently in in the train of: as a sequel to or consequence of; in its train: as a sequel or consequence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > [noun] > that which accompanies > set of accompanying things

train1570

1570 R. Sempill Maddeis Lamentatioun (single sheet) That kingdome sall cum to greit ruyne Quhen that deuisioun hes his sait and tryne.

1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie iii. sig. Ddd Fortune..hath alwaies some misery following in the train of a long concatenation of felicity.

1721 G. Berkeley Ess. Preventing Ruine Great Brit. 14 This Vice draweth after it a train of Evils.

1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 13 The idea presented itself..with this in its train.

1833 H. Martineau Brooke & Brooke Farm (ed. 3) xii Education came in the train of other good things.

1871 S. Smiles Character i. 9 There is no act, however trivial, but has its train of consequences.

1933 Discovery July 224/2 The interference of man with the balance of nature had almost always brought evil in its train.

1970 Daily Tel. 14 May 13/5 In the train of each social upheaval in America..come the shrewdies and hucksters in search of a quick dollar.

2001 S. Walton Out of It (2002) v. 181 The harm done by the raids, the arraignments, the fines and jail terms that prohibition brings in its train.

†b. A single sequel, consequence, or condition. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > [noun] > subsequent event or act

after-cominga1382

subsequence1563

consequenta1627

post-fact1631

train1638

arrear1659

sequent1833

post hoc1843

sequence1853

follow-on1879

1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 23 For a traine to this first favour I require from you a second.

1683 R. Watson Fuller Answer to Elimas Sorcerer 27 If a new Plot be, give us freely what you have discovered, which may serve as a train to the rest, that none may escape.

**** A series of linked (actual or potential) conveyances, and related senses.

19. A number of tramcars coupled together, originally for transporting ore in a mine (cf. tram n.² 2). Also: a set of tramcars and the engine drawing them. Cf. tram-train n. at tram n.² Compounds 1a.Now merging with senses 20, 21.

a. Without indication of composition.

ΚΠ

1801 [implied in: Recreations in Agric. Feb. 476 In mines,..where very small carriages only can be employed, very light rails are used, forming what are called train roads.].

1807 [implied in: W. H. Wollaston in Philos. Mag. 27 83 The coals from the upper veins of the mountain require to be let down in large quantities to the trainway tunnel below.].

1834 Mechanics' Mag. 5 July 226/2 When the train is ascending, these points trail along the ground, and should any thing give way the points enter the ground a little, and raise the last carriage to the roof.

1857 Rep. Inspectors Coal Mines 1856 23 A red light hung on the leading tub of a train would also prove more useful, in many instances, than an ordinary oil lamp.

1918 Sci. Abstr. B. 21 448 In the train described, the main air vessel and pump for braking are below the centre car, an auxiliary reservoir being placed under the motor-cars.

1952 T. Armstrong Adam Brunskill vi. 193 The trammer, stooped in the queer attitude imposed by a head permanently to one side, thriftily blew out the train's single candle.

1977 New Scientist 8 Dec. 630/1 The trains or trams—call them what you will—are beautifully smooth and quiet, sitting on suspension systems of air and rubber.

2003 L. Petheram et al. Ascent! III. xi. 145/2 Model steam engines work in the same way as the steam engines first used in 1804 to pull trains in mines.

b. With of indicating composition.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > [noun] > a train of

train1825

train1857

auto-train1902

society > occupation and work > equipment > mining equipment > [noun] > vehicle for underground haulage or transportation > set of

train1825

set1863

run1876

journey1883

jag1900

spake1935

1825 London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 10 338 This toothed-wheel being actuated by a steam-engine or other power, will cause the mechanical horse to move forward in the trunk, and by proper attachments to draw the train of trams or other carriages after it, along the platform, above the wheel-way.

1835 ‘S. Oliver’ Rambles in Northumberland & on Sc. Border i. 42 Those [sc. trapdoors] in the line of the rolley-ways are kept by boys,..whose duty is to open them on the approach of a horse with a train of corves.

1857 J. Scoffern et al. Useful Metals & their Alloys vi. 126 Two doors are placed sufficiently far apart to allow of the train of trams standing between.

1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 144 Journey.., a train or set of trams all coupled together.

1916 Trans. Internat. Engin. Congr., 1915 196 The maximum speed was fixed at 15 kilometers per hour; the greatest length of a train of tram-cars at 40 meters.

1967 F. Ziegler tr. ‘C. Bekker’ Luftwaffe War Diaries (1994) 103 Suddenly a train of trams rumbled into Koningshaven,..with a great clanging of bells.

20. A line of other linked conveyances or movable structures.

a. With of indicating composition. Also with equivalent modifier, as glider train, etc.: see the first element.

ΚΠ

1809 Ann. Reg. 1807 (Otridge ed.) Hist. Europe 14/1 They [sc. the wounded] were successively carried to the ambulance, or train of carriages.

1838 Railway Mag. May 354 The locomotive would tow the train of barges.

1863 Boston Rev. Mar. 209 Instead of a trip in the first train of balloons to the land of dreams.

1895 Nature 26 Dec. 188/1 Upper-air explorations may be accomplished by a train of kites carrying automatic instruments.

1944 Pop. Mech. Aug. 15/1 In the second day of the real invasion, a 50-mile-long train of gliders crossed into France.

2003 R. J. Pond Follow Blue Blazes v. 93 You might spot a towboat pushing tons of coal in a train of barges to one of the many power plants located on the river.

b. Without indication of composition.See also road train n. (b) at road n. Compounds 6.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > [noun] > a train of

train1825

train1857

auto-train1902

1857 Minutes Evid. & Proc. Liverpool & Birkenhead Dock Bills 393 All the river craft move about with a steam-tug in trains; the craft are formed into a train, and the steam-tug is the locomotive to pull them.

1909 Engin. & Contracting 14 Apr. 294/3 This wagon is meant to be pulled in trains by a traction engine. Mounted on broad tired wheels, it is built like, and greatly resembles, a two way dump car used on construction work, and run on rails.

1932 Flight 10 June 518/1 An Aerial Train..a pilot named Boenig has succeeded in towing four gliders together to a height of 1,000 ft. at Halle.

1949 Archit. Rev. 106 8/3 On the Aire and Calder, compartment boats..are used. These are oblong iron boxes towed in trains up to 32 in number by steam tugs.

2005 A. Liebeskind How to optimize your Warehouse Operations viii. 47 Roller Bin Carts..can be pulled in a train by a ‘tugger’.

21. A number of railway carriages, vans, or trucks coupled together, with or without a locomotive.

a. With of indicating composition.

ΚΠ

1814 Repertory of Arts 2nd Ser. 24 133 Fig. H. shews the termination of a double way, in which every loco-motive engine, with its train of waggons, may travel the whole distance.

1814 Repertory of Arts 2nd Ser. 24 138 As the engine may have appendages to clear away any impediments in the track of its wheels..it may travel, with its train of carriages, at the rate of 7 or 8 miles an hour.

1838 Knickerbocker June 556 Where the prairie stretches away..shall sweep the long, hissing train of cars, crowded with passengers for the Pacific seaboard.

1882 H. A. Keyser On Borderland xxxiv. 223 A train of cars thundered along the track, bringing to the great city human waifs, that would be soon lost in the multitude.

1915 C. Metcalfe tr. P. Souvestre & M. Allain Fantômas v. 63 Heavy puffs escaped from the engine, and..it slowly emerged from the tunnel, followed by a long train of carriages.

1940 Railroad Mag. Apr. 9/2 A road fireman had to earn his bread and butter by scooping coal or feeding oil into the firebox to a locomotive that was pulling a train of cars over a railroad.

1988 D. St. J. Thomas & P. Whitehouse SR 150 xiii. 189 The daily train of vans from Angmering to London Bridge, picking up at stations to Hove, would be fuller than usual.

1995 I. Banks Whit (1996) v. 87 The train of wagons flowed clatteringly past.., then with a squeal and a cacophony of metallic shrieks the train began to slow.

2005 J. Harter World Railways of 19th Cent. i. 4/1 Each engine was required to..pull a train of carriages for an extended distance averaging at least 10 m.p.h., while not exceeding a steam boiler pressure of 50 p.s.i.

b. Without indication of composition. A series of connected railway carriages, vans, or trucks, with or without a locomotive, actually or potentially constituting a unit travelling along a line; spec. (as a mode of travel) one conveying passengers. Also more fully railway train n. at railway n. Compounds 1a, railroad train n. at railroad n. Compounds 1a.Now the dominant use of the simple word: see also Compounds 2.boat, corridor, electric, express, freight, ghost, passenger, puffer, runaway, steam, toy, tube train, etc.: see the first element. See also to pull a train at pull v. 12b, to scale a train at scale v.² 2c, train de luxe at luxe n. 2.

(a) As a count noun.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > train

train1814

railway train1834

railroad train1836

train1841

rail train1843

train wreck1876

train set1959

1814 Repertory of Arts 2nd Ser. 24 138 The locomotive engine must pass so far on to the pavement as to admit at least the foremost carriage of its train to be drawn clear of the way.

1825 N. Wood Pract. Treat. Railroads viii. 301 The two trains will thus proceed into different roads, and, passing each other, will join the main line again.

1837 Cornish's Railway Compan. (title page) The Company's charges from one station to another;..time of departure and arrival of each train, etc.

1855 T. T. Lynch Rivulet lxii. 89 Thus through a distant valley's length Slow seems to glide the train.

1885 M. Collins Prettiest Woman in Warsaw I. x. 164 A train left Warsaw early in the morning.

1921 J. Galsworthy To Let iii. x. 33 ‘Good-bye,’ he said; ‘don't miss your train.’

1966 D. Elser Ticket to City 25 No more trains tonight. The next one is at eight-fifteen in the morning.

2000 P. W. B. Semmens & A. J. Goldfinch How Steam Locomotives really Work iii. 94 It was not unknown for a locomotive to be uncoupled from its train and run light up and down the track for some minutes to refill the boiler.

(b) With the. Some or any train (representing railway travel).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > train

train1814

railway train1834

railroad train1836

train1841

rail train1843

train wreck1876

train set1959

1841 Derbyshire Journey-bk. Eng. vii. 115/1 The tourist will proceed to the Amber Gate Station, 6 miles from Matlock,..and take the train to the Winfield Station.

1847 Sylvan's Pict. Handbk. Clyde 93 We must incontinently quit the land of love and sorrow and poetry, and make haste to ‘catch the train’.

1874 E. Marshall Lily among Thorns ii. 34 ‘Did Lord Falmore propose to drive you home? Why did not you accept his offer?’ ‘Because I prefer the train.’

1918 E. Wharton Let. 15 Feb. (1988) 404 The elderly châtelains in ‘city clothes’ scuttling daily down the divine plane-avenue to catch the train into Marseilles.

a1979 B. D'J. Pancake Stories (1983) 135 I would maybe take the train—since that was the only way I knew to get out, from my father's Depression stories.

2005 G. Letherby & G. Reynolds Train Tracks 135 This is not to say that people use the train to access leisure facilities and not for going on holiday any more.

ΚΠ

1841 Christian Investigator 4 Sept. 103/1 We remained one night at Hull, and travelled together by the steamer to Selby, and from thence by train to Leeds.

1851 C. Brontë Let. 31 Oct. (2000) II. 707 I have just despatched by Train a return box of books to Cornhill.

1891 M. Williams Later Leaves 397 My Court missionary saw the two off by train.

1941 Pop. Sci. Monthly July 95/2 When air mail must be carried on the final lap of its journey by train or truck, the loss of time is serious.

2003 J. Mullaney We'll be Back 7 My mates..decided we'd make a day of it and go by train,..and after the match, win or lose, have a night out on Broad Street, Birmingham.

22. A railway locomotive.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > [noun]

locomotive engine1814

locomotive1829

power vehicle1901

train1904

unit1938

shunter1949

1904 Decatur (Illinois) Rev. 18 Dec. 11/4 Dear Santa Claus—I want..a little puffer train and cars.

1959 Oxf. Mail 21 Jan. 6/3 The soft plastic trains and cars had their wheels removed very promptly and the push-and-go ‘engines’ soon fall out.

1999 M. Mallett Young Researchers ii. 35 The children..mentioned a favourite character Thomas the Tank Engine as an example of a steam train.

23. slang (originally U.S., chiefly in African-American use). A sexual act in which a number of people have intercourse with the same individual in quick succession, esp. as an act of gang rape. Frequently in to run a train on a person: to have sex with or rape a person in such a way. Cf. to pull a train at pull v. 12b.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > [noun] > defilement of chastity or woman > forcible > specific types of

statutory rape1873

gang rape1875

marital rape1884

train1962

pack rape1972

date rape1973

acquaintance rape1974

1962 P. Crump Burn, Killer, Burn! xxviii. 297 So now we've got the perfect broad. Who's first on the train?

1980 B. Hornadge Austral. Slanguage (1981) xxxii. 191 A different kettle of fish entirely is the train, a subtle form of pack rape achieved by peer group pressures.

1990 S. Morgan Homeboy xxiv. 152 The niggers and chilichokers dragged that boy back to the showers, gagged him with a sock and ran a train on him all night long.

1995 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 6 Apr. 45/1 Frequent ‘trains’—the rape of a girl by several guys at one time—McCall also recalls as a rite.

2002 S. Holmes B-More Careful xvii. 184 Dudes she normally wouldn't have given the time of day to now got her high and ran trains on her. Passing Mimi around from friend to friend was like a plate of food they could eat from.

†III. Nouns of action reflecting train v.¹ or its etymon Frenchtraîner in various senses. Obsolete.

24. An act or period of delaying. Obsolete.See note at train n.¹ 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [noun]

longingeOE

bideOE

abodec1225

bodea1300

demura1300

dwella1300

litinga1300

delayc1300

delayingc1300

demurrancec1300

but honec1325

without ensoignec1325

abidec1330

dretchingc1330

dwellingc1330

essoinc1330

tarrying1340

litea1350

delaymenta1393

respitea1393

oversettinga1398

delayancea1400

delitea1400

lingeringa1400

stounding?a1400

sunyiea1400

targea1400

train?a1400

deferring14..

dilation14..

dayc1405

prolongingc1425

spacec1430

adjourningc1436

retardationc1437

prolongation?a1439

training1440

adjournment1445

sleuthingc1450

tarry1451

tarriance1460

prorogation1476

oversetc1485

tarriage1488

debaid1489

supersedement1492

superseding1494

off-putting1496

postponing1496

tract1503

dilating1509

sparinga1513

hafting1519

sufferance1523

tracking1524

sticking1525

stay1530

pause1532

protraction1535

tracting1535

protract of time1536

protracting1540

postposition1546

staying1546

procrastination1548

difference1559

surceasing1560

tardation1568

detract1570

detracting1572

tarryment1575

rejourning1578

detraction1579

longness1579

rejournment1579

holding1581

reprieving1583

cunctation1585

retarding1585

retardance1586

temporizing1587

by and by1591

suspensea1592

procrastinatinga1594

tardance1595

linger1597

forslacking1600

morrowing1602

recess1603

deferment1612

attendance1614

put-off1623

adjournal1627

fristing1637

hanging-up1638

retardment1640

dilatoriness1642

suspension1645

stickagea1647

tardidation1647

transtemporation1651

demurragea1656

prolatation1656

prolation1656

moration1658

perendination1658

offput1730

retardure1751

postponement1757

retard1781

traverse1799

tarrowing1832

mañana1845

temporization1888

procrastinativeness1893

deferral1895

traa dy liooar1897

stalling1927

heel-tapping1949

off-put1970

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 263 For þe pes to haue, he mad so long a trayne.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 264 Þorgh Edward long trayne Gascoyn is born doun, Non defendes his chayne, but only Bayoun.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xix. 60 Men holde and kepe the in talkyng as by a long trayne fyndyng alwayes somme controuersies that nede not... But onely for to passe tyme.

25. Horse Riding.

a. A particular gait, perhaps one in which the two feet on one side are lifted together, alternately with the two feet on the other, at the speed of a trot. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by speed or gait > [noun] > type(s) of gait > gait resembling amble or rack

train1566

pace1663

pacing1706

tripple1880

single-foot1882

trippling1901

1566 T. Blundeville Bredynge of Horses ii. f. 6^v, in Fower Offices Horsemanshippe Their [sc. Turkye horses'] traueylinge pace is neyther Amble, Racke, nor Trotte, but a certayne kinde of easy trayne.

1607 G. Markham Cavelarice iv. 5 This shuffling & broken incertaine pace,..is neither amble nor trot, but a mixture of both, as taking his time keeping from trotting; and his motion of legges from ambling, and so compound this which is called a traine or racking.

b. (a) The course or manner of a horse's movement; (b) a course or spell of riding. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > a ride or spell of riding or excursion

roadeOE

ridinga1325

train1575

trotc1650

ride1708

equitation1728

outride1740

horse-ride1903

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by speed or gait > [noun] > type(s) of gait

pacec1450

train1575

gaits1684

going1690

1575 T. Churchyard in G. Gascoigne Posies sig. ¶¶¶.iij^v The horse full finely formde, whose pace and traine is true, Is more esteemde for good report, than likte for shape and view.

1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades viii. 136 His horse he [sc. Jupiter] beates, the ayre they clime, aloft they skimme amaine, Betweene the earth and welkin hie, they tread a iolly trayne.

a1625 J. Fletcher Womans Prize i. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Nnnnn2^v/1 A good tough traine would break thee all to pieces.

1677 Lovers Quarrel (ed. 2) sig. B Your choice horses are wild and tough, And little they can skill of their train.

1686 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation (ed. 3) v. vii. 75 A Horse-length lost by odds of Weight in the first Train may prove a distance in the straight Course at last; for the Weight is the same every Heat tho his strength be not.

26.

a. Training; education. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > [noun]

informationa1387

instructionc1425

eruditionc1460

culture?1510

education?1533

training1537

trainment1570

train1581

manurance1594

nurturing1629

schoolcraft1631

manurementa1639

manuring1726

schoolmastering1830

paideia1892

1581 R. Mulcaster Positions Ep. Ded. sig. ij The generall traine and bringing vp of youth.

1811 G. Hardinge Let. 15 Aug. in J. Nichols Illustr. Lit. Hist. 18th Cent. (1818) III. 29 He whispered..that he had for two months been putting a little Circuit horse in train for my use of him in spring.

b. Falconry. A short flight given to a hawk in training. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > [noun] > training flight

train1616

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > hawk > flight

gate1340

point1595

train1616

1616 G. Markham in tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) vii. xliv. 709 These flights are called traines, because they only traine or teach a young Hawke how to bestow her wing, and make her selfe victor ouer the prey she seeketh.

Compounds

C1. In sense 2.

a. With the sense ‘having a train’.

train dress n.

ΚΠ

1792 Trans. Soc. Arts 10 199 The principal consumption in this cloth, is in train-dresses for ladies' wearing.

1870 Milliner & Dressmaker Dec. 347/1 A handsome train dress composed by Worth. A long flowing train of black faille, [etc.].

1922 Clay-worker Mar. 341/1 A wonderful woman, beautiful, tall and stately, she came marching down with a long train dress.

2004 B. Pierce Tempting Heiress xxii. 317 She wore the gown the dressmaker had delivered..It was a white crêpe train dress.

train gown n.

ΚΠ

1558 in E. Roberts & K. Parker Southampton Probate Inventories, 1447–1575 (1992) I. 88 One Trayne gowine, xx s.

1807 La Belle Assemblée Aug. 113/2 A round train gown of white sarsnet, with square back, wrap front, and short full sleeve.

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. vii. 17/1 Wives of quality..have train-gowns four or five ells in length; which trains there are boys to carry.

1912 T. Dreiser Financier xix. 215 Mrs. Lillian Cowperwood looked charming in a train gown of old rose.

1997 E. W. Leider Becoming M. West (2000) vii. 127 A black velvet train gown, paired with a white aigrette and silver headdress.

† train petticoat n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1678 London Gaz. No. 1287/4 One long Train petticoat of rich flowred Silk.

1803 Boston Weekly Mag. 27 Aug. 179/2 Promenade dresses.—Robe of white muslin, with a train petticoat.

1870 Sister Maria Celeste tr. Galileo in Private Life Galileo ii. 40 Woolen cloth for a train petticoat, braccia 4⅔.

train skirt n.

ΚΠ

1836 Royal Lady's Mag. Apr. 215/2 The train skirt is bordered with gold, and looped back with gold coloured ribbon bows.

1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta II. xxx. 15 A light muslin train-skirt.

1903 W. E. Griffis Young People's Hist. Holland xxxiv. 302 She was dressed in white, with train skirt, over which, and hung from her shoulders, were four yards of red velvet embroidered with gold.

2000 G. Morris Edge of Honor i. 21 She moved back and forth,..making sure the train skirt decorated with lace and velvet ruching trailed properly.

train-bearer n. an attendant who holds up the train of a person wearing a formal robe, as a monarch or bride; also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > [noun] > train-bearer

train-bearer1587

tail-bearer1598

1587 J. Harmar tr. T. de Bèze Serm. xxviii. 377 The reuerendissimies haue their long tailes carried vp by their traine-bearers.

1655 Roll of Battel Abbey in T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 153 The Sun..is a comfortable Vsher to go before, but bad Train-bearer to come behind one.

1722 London Gaz. No. 6084/6 Sir Robert Rich his Train-bearer sitting over-against him.

1838 Queen Victoria Jrnl. 28 June in Lett. (2009) I. 135 I..went into a robing-room..where I found my eight train-bearers.

1871 J. R. Lowell Pope in Prose Wks. (1890) IV. 56 No poet more often than he makes the second line of the couplet a mere train-bearer to the first.

1906 Surveyor 3 Aug. 165/2 There were three bridesmaids and two train bearers.

2009 Times (Nexis) 15 July 21 It's just him on stage, by himself, without even a train-bearer for company.

train-bearing adj. holding up the train of a person wearing a formal robe, as a monarch or bride.

ΚΠ

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Queuë Damoiselle de queuë. A waiting, or traine-bearing Gentlewoman.

1841 Waldie's Sel. Circulating Libr. May 267/1 The priests..employed him as one of the bell-ringing and train-bearing boys, who serve at the altar.

1921 G. C. D. Odell Shakespeare from Betterton to Irving I. i. vi. 207 The only authentic reference to the train-bearing page..is in Mrs. Behn's Roundheads (Dorset Garden, 1682). In Act II, Scene I, Lady Fleetwood enters, ‘her train born up’.

2006 C. Scribner Shadow of God 30 I was decidedly underwhelmed by..my superfluous role—one of two train-bearing pages of one of the Three Kings.

train tea n. a tea party at which formal dress is worn, spec. on the occasion of a debutante's presentation at court.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > meal > feast > [noun] > tea-party

school feast1708

tea1738

tea-treatc1748

tea-visit1765

tea-party1778

tea-drinking1781

thé1788

tea junketing1820

tea-night1823

tea-shine1838

tea-fight1849

tea soirée1850

muffin-worry1859

kettledrum1861

muffin-fight1876

pink tea1883

bun-worry1889

train tea1895

tea-meeting1897

bun-struggle1899

American tea1915

silver tea1921

bunfight1928

society > leisure > social event > social gathering > party > [noun] > tea- or coffee-party

tea1738

tea-visit1765

tea-party1778

tea-drinking1781

thé1788

tea junketing1820

tea-night1823

cookie shine1830

tea-shine1838

tea-fight1849

tea soirée1850

muffin-worry1859

muffin-fight1876

coffee-party1886

kaffeeklatsch1888

bun-worry1889

train tea1895

tea-meeting1897

bun-struggle1899

silver tea1921

bunfight1928

klatsch1953

coffee morning1962

1895 ‘Mrs. A. Dean’ Grasshoppers iv. 36 She did not ask the question aloud, but Mrs. Theodore saw it in her smile when she came to the train tea.

1897 Spectator 16 Jan. 96/1 The ‘train-tea’ that celebrates the presentation at Court of an English girl in good society.

2001 J. Pettigrew Social Hist. Tea 107/3 Such events..[were] also called ‘train teas’ on account of the long trains that were a part of typical court dresses.

C2. In senses of branch II.****.

a. General attributive.

train car n.

ΚΠ

1831 Niles' Weekly Reg. 15 Jan. 356/1 The engine costs $4,900—power at 10 miles per hour. 100 bales of cotton, 5 train cars.

1921 Canad. Mining Jrnl. 23 Sept. 758/1 Why not let the boys..have a ride in a train car hauled by an electric or gasoline locomotive?

2008 K. Schwabach Hope Chest viii. 91 The conductor followed Myrtle down the length of the train car to the vestibule between the cars.

train crash n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > accident on railway

run-off1847

runaway train1848

derailment1850

train wreck1876

derailing1884

runaway1886

train crash1904

1887 Atchison (Kansas) Daily Globe 22 June (headline) Express train crash.]

1904 National Leaflet Apr. Casualties of a month... 20 killed by train crash.

1957 D. Du Maurier Scapegoat x. 133 A train-crash north of Lyons.

1979 P. Theroux Old Patagonian Express xix. 293 I don't want to be in a train crash. But I have a very bad feeling about this train.

2001 Times 7 Mar. ii. 7/1 Journalists crowd expectantly round the newsdesk. Is it a train crash? A ministerial resignation?

train crew n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > train-staff

train staff1853

train crew1866

1866 Rep. Railroad & Canal Companies Pennsylvania 1865 233 Conductors, baggage masters and brakemen, engineers and firemen, and all train crews..[$]629,427[.]61.

1904 McClure's Mag. Apr. 617/1 As for the train crew, we never had any more trouble with them than if they had been so many sheep.

1976 P. R. White Planning for Public Transport viii. 162 If a train is stopped because of a derailment, blockage, etc. between signal boxes..it is necessary for the train crew to protect the trains with emergency lamps.

1995 N. Whittaker Platform Souls (1996) i. 23 Although we saw the shed foreman and the train crews as spoilsports, they must have had many a hairy moment with young kids dodging around between moving railway engines.

train fare n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > fare

train fare1843

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > fare > by rail

train fare1843

1843 Northern Star 22 Apr. 7/5 Expended..Witnesses train fare from Birmingham.

1905 J. Joyce Let. 15 Oct. (1966) II. 122 I will send you 100 crowns to pay your trainfare.

1983 USA Today 19 Apr. 3 a/1 In New York, trainfare and bagels were free as 90,000 suburban commuters got their trains back after a six week strike.

2009 R. Narasimhan College Algebra ii. 195 The formula for commuter train fares may vary according to the time of day traveled.

train hand n. [compare hand n. 14] chiefly U.S.

ΚΠ

1838 22nd Ann. Rep. Board Public Wks. Virginia 81/1 Current expenses..Depot and train hands.

1894 Westm. Gaz. 3 Sept. 5/1 Many acts of heroism are reported, especially on the part of train hands.

1928 A. F. MacDougall Autobiogr. Business Woman iii. 78 I breakfasted at a counter... My companions were railroad laborers and train hands.

2010 A. Amend Stations West i. ii. 23 Garfield will help the train hands, earning a nickel for his efforts if the hands are in a generous mood.

train hostess n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > train-staff > woman who takes care of passengers

hostess1936

train hostess1938

1938 Times 14 Oct. 15/7 The recreation car was provided with a cinema, and there we watched Miss Smith, the train hostess, carrying out her duties.

1971 N.Z. News 10 Mar. 5 Train hostesses who serve the needs of passengers on New Zealand Railways' ‘Southerner’ express trains between Christchurch and Invercargill pose in their distinctive transit red uniforms.

1998 M. Chateauvert Marching Together vi. 121 For train hostesses, their light physical tasks, the comfort and cleanliness of their work, and their gender separated them from the common railwaymen.

train journey n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > a journey by railway

railway journey1846

train journey1849

road trip1865

train ride1875

1849 A. R. Smith Pottleton Legacy ix. 65 In his impatience the cheap train journey appeared as though it would never come to an end.

1900 G. Swift Somerley 94 On our train-journey home.

1954 Life 15 Nov. 179/1 His [sc. Sir Anthony Eden's] mother later recalled how, on train journeys between school and home, he precociously recited the fortunes of the Tory party in all the towns they passed.

2005 M. Lewycka Short Hist. Tractors in Ukrainian xxii. 228 Those who got up the nose of the authorities might be sent off on the long train journey from which there was no return.

trainload n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > conveyance by rail or train > quantity or number carried by train

trainload1819

traffic1832

trainful1850

carloading1947

1819 Trial J. Siveright 97 in Rep. Proc. Disputes Earl of Selkirk & North-west Company Oct. 1818 I know of two train-loads being seized by our people from some of the North-West Company's servants.

1873 Law Times 24 May 64/2 The brilliant idea of avenging his wrongs by the wholesale destruction of a trainload of Queen's Counsel, barristers, special pleaders, and law students.

1913 in E. J. Ward Social Center xviii. 303 Buyers come by the trainload, and a town is started in a day.

1998 S. Orlean Orchid Thief 79 In one shipment in 1890 two thousand butterfly orchids went by train from the Fakahatchee to New York City, followed by trainloads of dollar orchids.

train passenger n.

ΚΠ

1837 Manch. Guardian 5 July The booking-office..hitherto used by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company as a booking office for the first-class train passengers.

1911 San Francisco Chron. 31 Mar. 2/1 (headline) Train passengers in New York see tragedy.

2006 P. Williams-Forson Building Houses out of Chicken Legs 1 Women..learned the trade of selling chicken, hot biscuits, coffee, and other foodstuffs to hungry train passengers.

train ride n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > a journey by railway

railway journey1846

train journey1849

road trip1865

train ride1875

1875 Pathfinder Railway Guide Nov. 8/2 Mr. S. E. Mayo..organized a delightful tour, consisting of a special train ride to Glens Falls.

1932 W. Faulkner Light in August vi. 132 Perhaps he remembered suddenly the train ride and the food.

2002 ‘Mistress Chloe’ Dominatrix x. 157 On the endless train rides home, it occurred to me that Goddess Louise was the first kinky person I'd ever met who wasn't the very picture of well-adjustedness.

train speed n.

ΚΠ

1840 Northern Star 21 Nov. 1/5 I think I was going at the regular train speed—about eighteen miles an hour.

1901 Daily Chron. 1 May 8/7 In these days when train-speeds in Great Britain are mostly stationary.

1959 J. R. Meyer Econ. Competition in Transportation Industry 330 This could reflect..a greater degree of wear and tear occasioned by greater average train speed in passenger service.

2004 Face Apr. 176 The Mag-Lev train holds the world train speed record: 581km/h.

train station n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > station

station1830

station house1833

train depot1833

railway station1836

railroad station1837

depot1842

rail station1848

rail1850

train station1856

gare1870

1845 Morning Chron. 11 Mar. 6/5 A box, containing two bars of gold, value £1,600, was stolen from the luggage train station of the Dover Railroad.]

1856 Daily News 14 Nov. 5/3 I got into the cab and told the cabman to drive up to the Dover train station.

1955 W. Gaddis Recognitions ii. iii. 422 Go to a train station yourself..or a bus station.

1981 N.Y. Times Mag. 21 June 10/3 When was the last time you heard a young, rich-affluent-wealthy type use the phrase railroad station? Upper-class use is now train station.

2003 D. Brown Da Vinci Code (2004) xxxv. 210 The inside of Gare du Nord looked like every other train station in Europe.

train thief n.

ΚΠ

1862 Galveston (Texas) Weekly News 25 June 2/5 Andrews, the Lincoln train thief, has been recaptured and sent to Atlanta for execution.

1908 H. Craik Impressions India iv. 31 The unresting vigilance of the train-thief and the housebreaker.

2003 J. R. Vacca Identity Theft iii. ix. 208 Train thieves spray chemicals inside sleeping compartments to render the occupant(s) unconscious.

train timetable n.

ΚΠ

1853 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 13 Oct. Sometimes station masters are furnished with a goods train time table.]

1854 Daily Cleveland (Ohio) Herald 30 Jan. It was the improper and thoughtless arrangement of train time tables, which crowded the trains too closely together.

1939 Manch. Guardian 9 Mar. 4/3 The manager of the M.C.C. team is anxiously consulting the boat and train time-tables in order to get the M.C.C team to Cape-town.

2010 E. Potter Kneebone Boy iv. 58 She had used the train timetable as a bookmark, and she happened to notice the time of the last train.

train track n. chiefly U.S.

ΚΠ

1853 Rep. Investigating Comm. Vermont Central Railroad Co. 156 (table) Name of station..Gravel Train Track, Montpelier Junc[tion].]

1856 J. B. Trask Geol. Surv. Calif. 29 The train-track and adit on the east of the vein having been completed to a length of nine hundred feet.

1881 Chicago Times 17 June Running a car from a siding on the train track.

1946 C. McCullers Member of Wedding iii. 171 The train tracks gleamed silver and exact and some freight-cars were off on a siding in the distance.

2002 Time Out N.Y. 25 Apr. 123/1 In ‘Gospel Train’, twittering sounds flit by like signal lights along a remote train track, while a bassy rumble blinks in-and-out below.

train travel n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > [noun]

railway travelling1837

railroading1842

railwaying1843

rail travel1849

train travel1857

1857 Sci. Amer. 4 July 342/3 For express train travel the average time, excluding stops, is 35 miles per hour.

1895 Railway Conductor July 385/1 Like so many passengers who have had little experience in train travel, Jeemes was up and out at every station ‘to see’.

1902 Electr. World & Engineer 23 Aug. 280/1 The direction of train travel is from the bottom to the top of the diagram.

1979 P. Theroux Old Patagonian Express xiii. 200 The difficulties of train travel in Latin America.

2004 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 4 Apr. v. 8/5 Train travel has much lower check-in times, and can, in general, get you much closer to the center of a city.

train trip n.

ΚΠ

1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. July 241/2 This was exclusive of some occasional piloting and train trips.

1938 Amer. Home June 17/1 Necessity forces taking children on train trips more often than by any other means except motoring.

2002 P. Theroux Dark Star Safari (2003) xii. 271 Over the next two days I bought supplies for the train trip south.

train whistle n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > steam locomotive > whistle

train whistle1846

quill1940

1846 United Secession Mag. Mar. 121/2 Meanwhile the train-whistle sounds from the railway, and once more we drive along eastward.

1927 R. Lehmann Dusty Answer iii. i. 128 A far train-whistle roused her.

1981 V. Mehta Vedi (1982) i. 3 I remember the train whistle. It blew with a rush of steam.

2001 A. Trigiani Big Stone Gap (2003) i. 2 The train whistles are musical, sweet oboes in the dark.

train window n.

ΚΠ

1850 G. J. Holyoake Hist. Last Trial for Atheism in Eng. i. 1 I feel now the fierce blast which came in at the train windows from ‘the fields of Tewkesbury’, on the day on which we travelled from Worcester to Cheltenham.

1945 P. Larkin Let. 31 Oct. in Sel. Lett. (1992) 110 In point of fact I had spewed out of a train window.

2010 Sacramento (Calif.) Bee (Electronic ed.) 30 July b1 What you often see out of the train windows: warehouses, parking, the sense of nowhere.

trainyard n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > station > yard

wagon-yard1827

yard1827

train depot1833

railway yard1854

trainyard1866

marshalling yard1877

rail yard1888

1849 Morning Post 21 Feb. 8/4 On Thursday evening last an accident occurred in the Goods Train Yard of the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway.]

1866 Rep. Special Comm. Railroads (Ohio Gen. Assembly) (1867) 44 What authority or privileges do you give them in your train yards, in respect to the making up of your trains?

1903 O. Kildare My Mamie Rose 176 The train-yard, where the freight trains were made up.

1930 J. Dos Passos 42nd Parallel i. 16 Dumping grounds, trainyards.

1973 T. Pynchon Gravity's Rainbow i. 171 Out the windows..are a row of bare Army-colored poplars, a canal, a snowy trainyard.

2005 Independent 1 Mar. (Review section) 4/4 A new stadium over the desolate train yards on the West Side of Manhattan.

b. Objective.

train conductor n.

ΚΠ

1840 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. Aug. 260/2 Wages to engine men and stokers... Wages to train conductors.

1936 Manch. Guardian 5 June 7/4 The train conductor..has got the sack for his interference with a passenger.

2010 D. Laskin Long Way Home i. 4 The train conductor came through the car demanding in Russian to see the passengers' tickets.

train derailment n.

ΚΠ

1881 Van Nostrand's Engin. Mag. Apr. 344/1 Sundry cases of train derailment caused by wind.

1943 Manch. Guardian 10 Dec. 8/2 Train derailments, factory explosions, and interference with German military installations are almost daily occurrences.

2008 A. Lustgarten China's Great Train xii. 256 There was no mention of the train derailment earlier in the autumn near the Kunlun Pass, or of the freight train collision.

train driver n.

ΚΠ

1840 Morning Chron. 27 Aug. Foster, who met with so unfortunate an accident on your line, was engaged under my direction as train-driver for about three weeks only.

1907 A. Poock Socialism & Individualism 39 Are doctors, train-drivers, farm-managers and farm-labourers, judges and postmen..all to receive an equal wage?

2007 Hobart Mercury (Nexis) 10 Feb. 13 People who trespass on rail tracks are putting their own lives and the lives of train drivers at great risk.

train robber n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > [noun] > of train

train robber1867

1867 Dubuque (Iowa) Daily Herald 24 Jan. The train robbers who subsequently killed Harvey King, one of the band, have been sentenced to be hanged.

1892 A. C. Gunter Miss Dividends (1893) 257 An institution..implacable in its pursuit of train robbers, highwaymen, and others that raid the precious things the business community intrust to it.

1960 L. I. Perrigo Our Spanish Southwest xvi. 312/1 Passengers on trains in the northeastern part of the territory were boldly held up time and again until a conductor shot and wounded the train robber, ‘Black Jack’ Ketchum.

2004 B. Dylan Chronicles I. iv. 189 There were a lot of bank robbers back then, a lot of jail breakers—a lot of holdup men, train robbers.

train robbery n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > [noun] > of train

train robbery1866

1866 I. McKinley Let. 10 Nov. in Rep. Secretary of War (U.S. War Dept.) (1867) 199 What their purpose or intentions were is not known, but surmised to be to quash any reports circulating in regard to the late train robbery.

1905 Daily Chron. 17 Apr. 4/5 There are two forms of criminal activity in which the United States enjoys an unenviable distinction. One of them is lynching and the other is train-robbery.

1964 A. Bennett et al. Beyond Fringe (1991) 67 The great train robbery of over three million pounds continues to baffle the British Police.

2010 J. Eig Get Capone i. xi. 74 Not more than two weeks after the train robbery, Soltis got his first break.

train-wrecker n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [noun] > vandalism or iconoclasm > vandal or iconoclast

defacer1534

image-breaker1565

iconoclasta1629

Goth1663

Vandal1663

Huna1744

book-burner1821

idoloclast1843

train-wrecker1873

biblioclast1880

trasher1970

1873 Appleton's Jrnl. 8 Nov. 585/3 It was much better..that Katie's husband should farm broad acres of the fertile valley than that he should any more be at the mercy of train-wreckers and wayside lanterns.

1891 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 26 Oct. 1/6 A train-wrecker caught.

1995 New Scientist 28 Oct. 54/3 The train-wrecker's note is being deconstructed back at FBI head-quarters by a team of ‘psycholinguists’.

train-wrecking n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun] > demolition

subversiona1382

razinga1400

racing?a1450

beating down1530

rasing1552

demolishing1560

plucking1560

demolitiona1572

downpulling1581

demolishment1602

slighting1640

wreck1711

wrecking1775

wreckage1837

train-wrecking1872

unbuilding1879

demo1945

1872 Boston Daily Globe 28 Nov. 9/3 (headline) The train-wrecking mania.

1885 Manch. Examiner 10 Jan. 5/1 An unsuccessful attempt at train-wrecking.

1938 Life 13 June 15/1 Train wrecking is always the trump card of Mexican revolutionaries.

2009 C. N. Feimster Southern Horrors vi. 165 The remaining victims were accused of a range of crimes, from stealing a Bible to train wrecking.

train boy n. now historical (a) (U.S. and Canadian) a boy selling newspapers, etc., on a railway train; (b) Coal Mining a boy accompanying a train in a mine to assist with its running.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of books, newspapers, or pamphlets > types of

bawdy-basket1567

ballad-monger1598

land-pirate1608

map-monger1639

bookwoman1647

mercury1648

second-hand bookseller1656

Bible-seller1707

map-seller1710

stall-man1761

book auctioneer1776

scrap-monger1786

colporteur1796

death-hunter1851

train boy1852

speech-crier1856

roarer1865

looker-out1894

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > coal-miner > who works with trams, tubs, etc.

coal putter1708

foal1770

onsetter1789

putter1812

headsman1813

trapper1815

thruster1825

trammer1839

train boy1852

tram1856

hanger-on1858

tipper1861

hooker-on?1881

jiggerer?1881

hitcher1890

tub-loader1891

haulier1892

tilter1892

unhooker1892

flatter1894

jagger1900

thrutcher1901

tram-boy1904

filler1921

1852 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 23 Aug. The train-boy undertook to fill his lamp from a large can of camphine.

1854 Minutes of Evid. 82 in First Rep. Select Comm. Accidents Coal Mines (House of Commons) The signals directed by the ‘viewer,’ must be given by the ‘train boy’.

1872 Harper's Mag. Mar. 638/2 He was going down to St. Paul to join the session, when a train-boy passed through the car.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 21 Feb. 10/2 Scarcely any observer has omitted to complain of the importunities of the train-boy [on American railways], with his merchandise of bananas and candies and chewing gum and dime novels.

1930 Classified Index Occupations Fifteenth Census (U.S. Bureau of Census) 41/2 (table) Train boy, coal mine.

1994 R. Paige Death at Bishop's Keep ii. 5 Frank Leslie, whose Popular Monthly was hawked by every train boy on every railway in the country.

train call n. Theatre an announcement of, or a roll call before, the time for touring performers to catch a train to the next tour stop.

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society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > circuit > call for touring performers

train call1898

1898 F. H. Gribble Sunlight & Limelight i. 3 The train call having been for half-past ten, the ladies had felt obliged to start without attending to the minutiæ of their toilette.

1933 P. Godfrey Back-stage xvi. 206 He packs his dress-basket, notes down the time of the train-call from the notice-board by the stage door.

1952 W. Granville in P. Beale & E. Partridge Dict. Catch Phrases (1986) 257 ‘It'll look all right on the train call, I suppose’ (the ref. being to the informal roll-call a little before the train left).

2008 N. Phillips Stage struck Me iii. 286 On Saturday morning Robb, Robin and I joined the company train call at Euston Station.

train caller n. U.S. (now chiefly historical) a railway official who announces the destinations of departing trains (see quot. 1921).

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society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > announcer

train caller1868

1868 W. W. in Athenæum 17 Oct. 500/1 The train-caller did his duty so well, that throng after throng left the tables as their trains were ready.

1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §706 Train caller; a porter whose only duty is to call out destination of a departing train..; also calls out name of own station on arrival of trains.

1967 J. Reach David & Lisa i. 9 In the background, we hear the sounds of a busy railroad station: People hurrying,..perhaps a Train Caller announcing a train about to depart.

2003 Press Enterprise (Riverside, Calif.) (Nexis) 4 Dec. c1 He helped make the town known because his long-running TV show featured a train caller shouting out for ‘Anaheim, Azusa and Cucamonga’.

train compartment n. †(a) a partitioned space on a train station platform (obsolete rare); (b) an enclosed seating or sleeping area in a railway carriage; = compartment n. 5b.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > railway wagon or carriage > carriage designed to carry passengers > compartment

train compartment1852

compartment1862

1852 Trewman's Exeter Flying Post 1 July 6/5 The iron was lying in front of the Company's train compartment, under the platform.

1885 R. Clark Chicago to Naples 113 Rowe looked after the baggage and our train compartment. We got one to ourselves..and went to sleep.

1958 Times 5 June 6/4 People even refused to travel in the same train compartment as a salvationist because they were likely to be asked whether they were saved.

2010 T. Cooper & A. Ainsberg Breakthrough xix. 126 Settling into his seat in a first class train compartment, he put his briefcase on the empty seat across from him.

train dispatcher n. U.S. and Canadian a railway official with responsibility for the movement of trains in a particular area or on a particular stretch of line.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > in charge of a railway or part of a railway

trainmaster1828

train porter1842

train dispatcher1855

1855 Ann. Rep. Railroad Statistics N.Y. (N.Y. Engineer & Surveyor's Office) 429 Henry Goetchins, train dispatcher, was..crushed in such a manner as to cause his instant death.

1881 Chicago Times 14 May John Converse is appointed assistant train-dispatcher.

1954 Pop. Mech. Aug. 131/2 Newly installed equipment enables the train dispatcher at Dunsmuir, Calif., to keep switches free of ice along the distant 62-mile stretch.

2006 B. Solomon Working on Railroad iv. 128/1 In the context of modern operations, the train dispatcher is the most essential position in railroading. Without a dispatcher's authority, nothing moves and the track cannot be maintained.

train ferriage n. now rare the transporting of trains by train ferry; a system for this.

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society > travel > travel by water > transportation by water > [noun] > shipping business or trade > ferrying > conveying of trains by ferry

train ferriage1867

1867 N.Y. Times 13 Jan. 3/1 Thus giving a uniform gauge—with the addition of a train ferriage across the Detroit River—from New-York City to the Mississippi.

1897 Month Sept. 281 Behring Strait could be crossed by some powerful system of train-ferriage.

1911 Railroad Operating Costs (Suffern & Son) (ed. 2) 24 Train ferriage across these straits, a matter of a hundred miles, is neither practical nor economical.

train ferry n. a ferry for transporting trains across a stretch of water from one railway to another.

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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel for transporting people or goods > [noun] > ferry > types of

toni1582

horse-boat1591

bac1676

ferry bridge1696

rope-ferry1755

pont1776

ferry flat1805

steam-ferry1812

steam ferry-boat1812

night boat1839

bar-boat1857

train ferry-boat1867

car ferry1884

grind1889

swinging-bridge1892

train ferry1900

night ferry1948

SeaCat1954

walla-walla1957

1870 Chambers's Jrnl. 2 July 424/2 But let us look a little more closely at the train-ferry method.

1900 Monthly Rev. 1 41 The present route is across the lake by train-ferry.

1955 Billboard 19 Feb. 76/4 The show was finally allowed to board the train-ferry to Denmark—which had to stand by while the dispute was under way.

2007 C. Cussler Chase 373 The train ferry wasn't built for rough water.

train ferry-boat n. chiefly U.S. (now rare) = train ferry n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel for transporting people or goods > [noun] > ferry > types of

toni1582

horse-boat1591

bac1676

ferry bridge1696

rope-ferry1755

pont1776

ferry flat1805

steam-ferry1812

steam ferry-boat1812

night boat1839

bar-boat1857

train ferry-boat1867

car ferry1884

grind1889

swinging-bridge1892

train ferry1900

night ferry1948

SeaCat1954

walla-walla1957

1858 N.Y. Herald 18 Dec. 3/6 Lost—A dark Russian mink muff, supposed to have been left on the Jersey City 11 o'clock railroad train ferry boat.]

1867 Sci. Amer. 1 June 350/1 The public will be great gainers..in the absence of the danger to which all have felt exposed in making the passage on the immense train ferry-boat hitherto used.

1900 A. R. Colquhoun Overland to China vi. 128 Train-ferry-boats, as used in America and Denmark, are to be run across Lake Baikal.

1978 Wall St. Jrnl. 21 Feb. 43/5 It halted one of its two coal-burning train-ferry boats on Lake Michigan.

train indicator n. a changing display in a railway station giving details of arrivals and departures of trains.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > reckoning of time > calendar > [noun] > timetable or schedule

timesc1410

time bill1810

train indicator1849

time sheet1850

horary1851

timetable1856

schedule1863

horarium1921

sked1929

time frame1946

timeline1948

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > station > device showing times of trains

train indicator1849

indicator1913

1845 Morning Post 26 Aug. 2/5 (headline) Electrical railway train indicator.]

1849 Repertory Patent Inventions 13 350 (heading) Train Indicator, to be worked by Electric Agency.

1908 Daily Chron. 11 Mar. 9/5 The train-indicator, a huge framework confronting every passenger when he enters. There are eighteen clock faces, each of which tells the time at which the next train on the various lines departs.

1945 C. Stead For Love Alone xii. 116 Near the arch which leads to the train indicator for the northern lines..she heard a voice from the ticket-windows.

1997 W. Self Great Apes (1998) ii. 22 By the vending machine Simon blanched, and under the train indicator Simon sweated.

train jumper n. originally U.S. (a) a person who jumps on to or from a (moving) train; (b) a person who boards a train illegally.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > traveller by rail > types of

commutation passenger1856

commuter1865

train jumper1879

tube traveller1903

rod-rider1904

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > fare > by rail > non-payment of > one who

train jumper1879

1879 N.-Y. Daily Tribune 15 May 5/1 A naughty but plucky little train-jumper lost a foot in Newark Valley... He attempted to jump on a freight train.

1882 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 2 May The result was a most interesting scrimmage between a very slim conductor and a very fat train-jumper.

1930 Times Lit. Suppl. 5 June 482/3 Setting out on his trek across the continent,..as hobo, ‘train jumper’,..and cook in a Great Lakes freighter.

1954 Boston Daily Globe 4 Jan. 1/7 (headline) Train jumper turns up in Berlin... Pvt Lowell jumped out of the train taking him to prison.

1996 D. T. Courtwright Violent Land (2001) ix. 178 Train jumpers rifled crates and boxes looking for portable or edible objects.

2010 Sun (Lowell, Mass.) (Nexis) 13 Dec. (headline) Soldiers may have saved life of train jumper... Man who jumped from a moving commuter train in Ayer last week survives.

train jumping n. originally U.S. (a) the action of jumping on to or from a (moving) train; (b) the practice of boarding a train illegally.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > without paying

free-riding1855

train jumping1881

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > fare > by rail > non-payment of

train jumping1881

1881 Lebanon (Pa.) Daily News 29 Aug. The young man was arrested for train jumping.

1883 St. Louis Globe-Democrat 27 Mar. 1 To guard against any attempt at train-jumping, Houck wears a couple of ‘Oregon boots’, being a leather contrivance with a twelve-pound iron fastened to the calf of each leg.

1888 Deseret Weekly (Salt Lake City, Utah Territory) 29 Dec. 4/2 He also initiated Charles into the mysteries of train jumping.

1965 H. P. Tritton Time means Tucker i. 18 I..silently cursed myself for being fool enough to take on train-jumping.

1995 Sunday Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 17 Sept. At an early age he had a yearning to wander and has rarely settled since. The mischievous youth took up train jumping when he left home.

2004 J. Campbell Final Frontiersman ii. 39 Train jumping was perilous, and it was only a matter of time until someone got hurt.

trainmaster n. U.S. a person in charge of a train or trains; spec. a railway official responsible for all aspects of operating trains in a particular area or on a particular stretch of line.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > in charge of a railway or part of a railway

trainmaster1828

train porter1842

train dispatcher1855

1828 Ladies' Monthly Museum Nov. 280 Muleteers, with their..captains or train-masters, with the ancient cartridge belts, and the old Spanish gun, were mingled in these groups.

1850 Ann. Rep. Concord Railroad Corporation 16/1 (table) Sam'l H. Stevens, train-master.

1880 News & Press (Cimarron, New Mexico) 9 Sept. 3/2 Mr. Frank Fulton, train master on this Division,..gave the following information concerning the damage.

1898 Engin. Mag. 16 66 Of an American railway..the superintendent..is assisted by a trainmaster, a roadmaster or division engineer,..and a chief dispatcher.

1907 J. W. Schultz My Life as Indian xviii. 210 Berry declared that he would do no more freighting to the mines with his bull train; he would either sell it or employ some one as a train~master.

1950 F. P. Donovan Mileposts on Prairie x. 131 For a time, the uptown office had a superintendent, chief dispatcher, roadmaster, traveling engineer, freight traffic manager, trainmaster, and a staff of clerks.

2005 L. H. Kaufman Leaders Count ix. 320 Railroad people who knew Krebs as a young trainmaster..still are surprised to hear of the Aspen Institute program.

train mile n. each mile of the aggregate distance run by all the trains on a railway in a given period, as a unit in estimating amount of traffic, working expenses, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > operation of railways > aggregate distance run by all trains > each mile of

train mile1846

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > mile > distance in miles > run by trains

train mile1846

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > mile > distance in miles > unit of distance travelled

train mile1846

vehicle mile1871

passenger-mile1888

seat-mile1953

1846 Standard (London) 24 Mar. 2/5 The number of train miles worked during the period was..by the broad gauge but 3,101,763.

1868 Q. Rev. Oct. 300 The working expense per train-mile is 2s. 6d.

1905 Publ. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 9 166 The ratio of freight train-miles to passenger train-miles is approximately 5 to 4 in the United States.

1963 Jrnl. Industr. Econ. 11 173 Diesel multiple units cost 4s. to 6s. per train mile.

2010 J. J. Hess & J. A. Razzak in H. Frumkin Environmental Health (ed. 2) iv. xxii. 832 In 2003, according to the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), there were over 750 million train miles traveled, and there were 368 fatalities involving highway-rail crossings.

train mileage n. the aggregate distance run by all the trains on a railway in a given period, the total number of train miles.

ΚΠ

1845 Minutes of Evid. in Rep. Select Comm. Atmospheric Railways (House of Commons) 121 At Dalkey, when I was there, there were 10 trains a day running each way; the consumption of fuel then was upon the train mileage 266 lbs. a mile. I understand from the evidence given by Mr. Nicholson..that the consumption of fuel when 27 trains are running is 115 lbs. per mile.

1868 Q. Rev. Oct. 301 A large proportion of the train-mileage run..is useless, being far in excess of [public] requirements.

1909 Great Central Railway Rep. 6 Aug. 5 The strictest economy has been exercised in train mileage.

2007 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 12 Apr. b3 The company isn't pushing for hourly rates for those currently paid based on train mileage.

train number n. a number designating a particular railway service; (also) an identifying number given to a railway engine.

ΚΠ

1874 Jrnl. Railway Assoc. Amer. Oct. 128 The system of making each engine show its train number on the head-light or elsewhere.

1944 Pop. Mech. Sept. 34/2 The block operator has a busy few seconds to jot down on his log the engine number, train number, the time and track of each passing train.

2008 B. M. Hood Supersense viii. 198 In the United Kingdom we have people who collect train numbers.

train operator n. (a) a person employed by a railway company to operate a telegraph or (occasionally) telephone, esp. on board a train (now rare); (b) a person who drives or otherwise operates a train; (also) a company which runs (part of) a railway system.

ΚΠ

1879 Inter Ocean (Chicago) 6 June 2/4 H. E. Berry, the train operator, who was shocked by lightning from the telegraph wire, died yesterday morning.

1887 S. C. Logan City's Danger & Def. i. 11 They were understood to have for their specific object the protection of the interests of locomotive engineers, and other train operators, under the law.

1930 Pop. Mech. Mag. July 15/1 An automatic calling device..tells the train operator that a call is coming through.

1995 K. de Jaeger-Ponnet in C. J. Kirkland Engin. Channel Tunnel viii. 129 Passengers traversing the 50km of the Channel Tunnel will no doubt wish to feel confident that the train operator is always in contact with dry land at either end.

2004 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 26 June 29 The new franchise contracts would see the railways agency make monthly payments to the train operators for providing the required frequency of trains, selling tickets and collecting revenues.

train path n. see path n.¹ 6.

train-pipe n. an air- or vacuum-pipe connecting all the brakes on a railway train having a continuous brake system; also called brake-pipe.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > devices to retard or stop motion > brake or braking apparatus > parts of

train-pipe1847

brake disc1856

brake pad1858

brake-cylinder1874

brake-shoe1874

brake-pipe1886

brake-drum1896

brake lining1921

1847 Patent Jrnl. 10 Apr. 753/2 The patentee employs also a relief valve in connection with the train pipes.

1889 G. Findlay Working & Managem. Eng. Railway 120 While the train is running a continual vacuum is maintained in the train-pipes.

2000 P. W. B. Semmens & A. J. Goldfinch How Steam Locomotives really Work iii. 103 Most brake systems have two, different-sized ejectors. The small one operates continuously to maintain the vacuum in the train-pipe while the train is running.

train platform n. (a) a platform at a railway station; = platform n. 2c; (b) an open area at the end of a railway carriage (now rare).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > station > platform

platform1838

train platform1865

island platform1885

1863 Builder 23 May 377/3 At the Shrubhill Station, Worcester, in addition to the new up-train platform..various important works..are in progress.]

1865 Hours at Home June 189/1 The occasions that called for this train-platform oratory were too trifling in themselves.

1879 All Year Round 23 Aug. 231/1 Without much ado I was surrounded, pushed about, and thrown off the train-platform on to the plain.

1931 G. Irwin Amer. Tramp & Underworld Slang 156 Red light, to do away with. The term originated with the..custom of disposing of an undesirable member of a circus or carnival crew by taking him out on a train platform after dark and hurling him off the train.

2005 Asiana Spring 97/2 Yet kissing between two people in love, whether it's in a soppy romantic comedy or somewhere everyday like on a train platform, leaves anyone with a mushy heart thinking: ‘aww’.

train porter n. (a) a railway official in charge of a train over a single-line section of railway (now historical); (b) originally North American an attendant on a train, esp. in a sleeping car (cf. porter n.² 1d); (also) a person employed to carry luggage in a railway station.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > in charge of a railway or part of a railway

trainmaster1828

train porter1842

train dispatcher1855

1842 Rep. Officers Railway Dept. p. vi (table) in Parl. Papers XLI. 13 Train Porter.

1873 Returns Railways Companies Connections 11 in Parl. Papers LVII. 765 Single Lines of Railway..Worked under the Train Porter System.

1878 J. L. Rock & W. I. Smith Southern & Western Texas Guide x. 235 Train Porters have been placed on all Day Cars of this line... Their duties are the same as those of Porters on Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars.

1923 Summary Accident Investig. Rep. (U.S. Interstate Commerce Comm.) 18 40 Circumstances strongly indicated that the train porter of train No. 106 was the man who operated the switch. It was his duty to open the switch after train No. 103 passed.

1945 Crisis Nov. 316/1 On a train enroute home from a relocation center the friendliest person they encountered was a Negro train porter.

2008 F. Clark Waking Brigid xvii. 210 After directing the train porter where to stack her luggage, she set off down the platform towards the station.

train road n. a railway, a railway track; spec. = trainway n. (a).

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society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > track > temporary track

trainway1839

train road1875

shoo-fly1905

1801 Recreations in Agric. Feb. 476 In mines,..where very small carriages only can be employed, very light rails are used, forming what are called train roads.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2610/1 Train-road,..a construction railway; a slight railway for small loads.

1929 A. C. Laut Romance of Rails I. ii. 15 Up in Quincy, Massachusetts, in 1826, a train road like a modern coal mine dump was in use to convey blocks of stone from a quarry for the Bunker Hill monument.

1999 M. Blum Walnut Tree v. 86 Townspeople bringing wares to the market, peasants smelling of rancid butter, put on their hair to protect against lice and the devil, lining the sidewalk, and trucks moving towards the train road.

train set n. (a) a telephone or telegraph set designed to be used on a train (now rare); (b) a set of model trains, tracks, etc., required for a model railway; (c) a set of railway wagons or carriages, sometimes with a locomotive, coupled together to form a train.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > other toys > [noun] > model railway or train set

model railway1909

train set1939–40

pike1940

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > train

train1814

railway train1834

railroad train1836

train1841

rail train1843

train wreck1876

train set1959

1907 Amer. Telephone Jrnl. 30 Nov. 353/1 A portable train set is also shown. One side of this set is hooked to the line wire by means of a line pole.

1919 Information Dumping & Unfair Foreign Competition U.S. (U.S. Tariff Comm.) 15 Imported train sets are sold at a price that is not sufficient for the American manufacturer to purchase the box in which they are packed.

1939–40 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 826/1 This excellent train set..comprises a No. 1 Special Locomotive..two No. 1 Pullman Coaches..and rails.

1959 G. F. Allen Brit. Railways Today & Tomorrow vii. 133 The Rosters usually indicate the preceding and succeeding use to which each coach of a train set is to be put.

1980 J. Cartwright Horse of Darius xi. 158 He was playing with his train set... He..passed his days in a world of trains and model airplanes.

1982 G. F. Whitehouse & P. B. Allen E. Treacy—Railway Photographer 42 The all-maroon train-set of the northbound ‘Flying Scotsman’ leaving Copenhagen Tunnel.

2002 T. Lott Rumours of Hurricane (2003) ix. 234 Of course, there are people who are obsessed by the things..Never stop going on about their bloody train sets.

2007 Mod. Railways Apr. 53/3 While the sidings are a useful place in which to dispose of a crippled trainset, they otherwise see very little use during the day.

† train setter n. Obsolete a railway employee responsible for providing the correct formation of vehicles for a train.

ΚΠ

1850 Caledonian Mercury 3 Jan. 4/1 There are 32 goods porters and train-setters at the Gloucester Midland station.

1878 F. S. Williams Midland Railway (ed. 4) 639 The train setters and their foremen.

train shed n. (a) a shed for the shelter or storage of railway stock; (b) U.S. a roof supported by posts forming a shelter for one or more platforms at which trains stop; a roughly built or unenclosed railway station.

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society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > station > unenclosed

train shed1865

1865 Railway News 30 Sept. 355/2 At Salamanca a large extent of ground has been secured for a joint passenger station, goods depôt, and train sheds.

1879 24th Ann. Rep. North Central Railway Company 57 The baggage-room was also enlarged and an addition, 15 X 124 feet, made to the south end of the train shed, to be used for a restaurant, station master's office, room for train men, etc.

1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 21 Nov. 7/3 The great iron and glass portal [at Philadelphia, U.S.A.]..will constitute the most extensive railway train-shed in existence.

1921 Atlantic Reporter 113 130/1 The part of the pier occupied by the tracks and platforms is inclosed on its southwest and north sides, and is covered by a roof. The part of the pier lying west of this train shed is open and uninclosed.

1999 M. Sawyer Park & Ride (2000) xi. 194 The museum itself was in an old train shed.

train sheet n. now chiefly historical a ruled sheet on which are recorded the movements of every train on a section of railway, according to information telegraphed from the various stations.

ΚΠ

1872 3rd Ann. Rep. Board Railroad Commissioners (Mass.) p. cclxxviii A large blank time-card, called the train-sheet, is kept at the head office.

1919 H. S. Haines Efficient Railway Operation vii. 386 The increasing complexity with heavy traffic on a single-track line is seen by a comparison of train-sheets taken from actual practice on the same division, eighteen years apart.

1992 Kiplinger's Personal Finance Mag. Aug. 6/1 In spare moments he tends to his collection of more than 5,000 dispatchers' train sheets.

trainsick adj. [after seasick adj.] suffering from trainsickness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [adjective] > affected by nausea > types of nausea

dead-sick1535

seasicka1566

airsick1785

travel sick1833

land-sick1846

trainsick1896

carsick1908

space-sick1912

1896 Midland Monthly Jan. 17/2 She is never seasick, train-sick or afraid, and so gets more enjoyment than the average tourist.

1905 E. M. Forster Where Angels fear to Tread vi. 163 They crossed the Apennines with a train-sick child.

1949 Kiplinger Mag. Jan. 42/1 If you get airsick, seasick, trainsick or carsick at this unpleasant season you can take hope.

1990 R. Rhodes Hole in World ii. i. 93 It's odd that I didn't get trainsick.

trainsickness n. [after seasickness n.] travel-sickness experienced on trains.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [noun] > nausea > types of nausea

heartsickness1614

seasickness1625

sea-distempera1641

nausea1771

mal de mer1778

airsickness1784

morning sickness1844

pregnancy sickness1864

carsickness1867

trainsickness1876

motion sickness1881

travel sickness1900

space sickness1912

1876 Graphic (London) 24 June 623/2 We have seen ladies—nay, even strong men—laid on their backs with ‘train sickness’.

1906 Westm. Gaz. 27 Sept. 4/2 Many travellers suffer from train-sickness.

1996 S. J. Ericson Sound of Whistle i. i. 70 The manufacturer of a seasickness pill had begun advertising his product as an antidote to trainsickness.

train-side n. and adj. (a) n. the area beside a train; (b) adj. U.S. situated or operating at the side of or near a train, taking place next to a train.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [adjective] > at side of or near a train

train-side1918

1840 Hull Packet 20 Nov. 6/5 Last Wednesday night I was close to the train-side near the ‘point-man’, at Taylor's junction.

1907 Scribner's Mag. Aug. 177/1 He is prone to people it with phantom guidons and dusty troops that trot strangely by the train-side and look in at him.

1918 R. H. Knyvett ‘Over There’ with Australians ii. vii. 78 We had to pay liberal exchange to these train-side merchants.

1932 Sun (Baltimore) 21 Sept. 1/6 He [sc. F. D. Roosevelt]..jollying trainside crowds with localized pleasantries.

1996 Independent 28 Aug. i. 8/1 And when the train halts and we disembark for one more train-side rally, the President gives the impression at least, of being stirred himself.

2003 J. Clayton Charles Dickens in Cyberspace vi. 147 That it should take place at trainside, a principal symbol of nineteenth-century technological progress, adds the finishing touch.

train signal n. (a) a light, semaphore, or other device used to signal instructions or warnings to or from a train; cf. signal n. 7a; (b) a method of communication between the carriages of a train and the locomotive using a continuous pipe (now historical).

ΚΠ

1847 Rules & Regulations for Engine-drivers & Firemen (Great Southern & Western Railway Company) 23 (heading) Train signals. 21. Every Train after Sunset or in Foggy Weather must carry three Red lights; one behind, and one on either side of the last carriage.

1885 Engin. & Mining Jrnl. 7 Feb. 91/2 The Westinghouse train signal has been adopted for all passenger trains by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company.

1940 Railroad Mag. Apr. 51/2 Run a board, ignore a train signal, either accidentally or on purpose.

2006 A. Holtz Pilgrim Road 9 The Eurostar travels so fast that visual train signals along the track become useless blurs.

2009 Code Federal Regulations (Office Federal Register) XLIX. 505/2 The train signal system, or any other form of on-board communication, shall be tested..at the beginning of each day the locomotive is used.

train smash n. (a) a train crash; also figurative; (b) Nautical slang cooked tinned tomatoes, usually with bacon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared vegetables and dishes > [noun] > tomato preparations

Provençale1841

red lead1917

train smash1936

1873 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 5 Dec. The nine o'clock northern bound train..was delayed twelve hours last night by a freight train smash-up.]

1881 Reynolds's Newspaper 14 Aug. 2/4 They simply, as they did last Monday in the Yorkshire and Manchester train-smash, arrange matters, and then leave the rest to Providence.

1919 W. K. Clifford Miss Fingal xix. 143 Your heiress was in a train smash to-day, and I'm not sure that she is not done for.

1936 Cambr. City (Indiana) Tribune 19 Mar. 2/4 A ‘Train Smash’ means bacon and tomatoes.

1993 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 10 Nov. 23 That great savoury dish, Train Smash (bangers, tomatoes, bacon, herbs etc) depended on the fact that sausages had little taste of their own.

2011 Star (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 2 May 1 I don't think a few weeks' delay is a train smash as long as the results are released.

train staff n. [ < train n.² + staff n.¹] (a) a staff given to a train driver as authority to travel over a single-line section of railway; cf. train ticket n., staff and ticket at staff n.¹ Phrases 13; (b) the staff of employees on a railway train.

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society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > train-staff

train staff1853

train crew1866

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > system for use of single track > token or staff

train ticket1841

train staff1853

staff1885

staff ticket1885

tablet1885

token1936

1853 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 16 116/2 A ‘train staff’ of a peculiar kind, and painted in a particular manner, will in future be carried by the guard of the trains working over a single line.

1864 Commerc. Rep. from Her Majesty's Consuls (G.B. Foreign Office) 51 The line is administered by Englishmen, but the station and train staff are Brazilians.

1901 Daily News 16 Jan. 5/1 The Isle of Sheppey Light Railway is in single track..and it will be worked on the train-staff and ticket system.

1906 Westm. Gaz. 27 Apr. 7/1 The train staff having dealt so promptly with the trouble that the only sign of fire was a little smoke.

2005 S. Hall Mod. Signalling Handbk. (rev. ed.) 67/2 A train staff is provided at those locations where there is someone, usually a signaller, who can act as its custodian and hand it over to the driver when required.

2005 Independent 6 June 5/4 A member of the train staff sits at the front of the ‘Transrapid,’ but that is simply to reassure passengers, officials say, since the train is operated from a control centre.

train stop n. (a) an automatic apparatus, in connection with a railway signal, for stopping a train; (b) an act of stopping a train; (c) a place at which a train stops.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > types of signal system > train-stopping device connected with signal

train stop1895

tripcock1906

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > place where train stops

point1839

train stopa1963

1895 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 16 Apr. 327/1 In a train stop, a cylinder, a piston, a piston truck having a cross bar engaging a track.

1897 Railway & Locomotive Engin. Mar. 253/2 It is very rarely that a train stop is made without having most of the wheels sliding.

1905 Good Words 46 220/1 George Bradshaw,..in addition to the thick black line which denoted a train stop, introduced many signs to make his tables clear.

1906 Westm. Gaz. 27 Feb. 7/2 The train-stop at the signal-post actuated the continuous brake, and thereby..brought the vehicle to a standstill.

a1963 S. Plath Ariel (1965) 43 It is a trainstop, the nurses Undergoing the faucet water.

1996 Holiday Which? Mar. 75/3 It also has the biggest choice of hotels, some of which are in the nearby satellite of Sant'Agnello (one train stop along; also plenty of minibuses linking the two).

2002 Railway World Sept. 55/2 We have become committed to a ‘half-way-house’ system known as TPWS (train protection and warning system, incorporating a train-stop facility up to speeds of about 70mph).

train ticket n. (a) a ticket enabling a passenger to travel on a train, a railway ticket; (b) a ticket given to an engine driver as authority to travel over a single-line section of railway; cf. train staff n. (a), staff and ticket at staff n.¹ Phrases 13.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > train ticket

railway ticket1839

train ticket1841

pasteboard1856

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > system for use of single track > token or staff

train ticket1841

train staff1853

staff1885

staff ticket1885

tablet1885

token1936

1841 Sheffield & Rotherham Independent 31 July 8/3 The parties..returned to Sheffield during the afternoon by different trains, their special train tickets having been retained to be given in on their return.

1859 Rep. Accidents on Railways 1858 17 in Parl. Papers XXV. 601 If another engine or train is intended to follow in succession, a train ticket, stating ‘staff following’, will be given to the person in charge of the leading train, the staff itself being given to the last.

1912 L. P. Lewis Railway Signal Engin. ii. 14 Either a train-staff or a train-ticket is to be carried with each engine or train to and fro.

1941 B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? x. 256 A letter arrived with a train ticket and travelling expenses.

2004 G. Woodward I'll go to Bed at Noon xxiv. 393 Eventually they will catch up with you, and you'll go to prison for not buying a train ticket.

train time n. (a) the time at which a train on a regular service is scheduled to arrive or depart, a train's timetable; (b) (chiefly U.S.) the time at which a particular train departs.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > operation of railways > time of departure of train

train time1841

1841 Rep. Sel. Comm. Prevention Accidents Railways 90 in Parl. Papers VIII. 1 There are other recommendations in the Report, one with respect to not allowing ballast waggons to remain on the line within a certain prescribed time of the trains passing; I know that it is the case with our company..that all those waggons are forbidden to be upon the line within half an hour of the train time.

1852 R. Grosvenor Leaves from my Jrnl. i. 4 I continued walking up and down a few minutes,..partly ruminating in my own mind what the train could be, having a pretty accurate knowledge of the train-times on this railway.

1859 Russell's Mag. Oct. 28/1 I..made the Sheriff promise to be at the station twenty minutes before train time next morning.

1907 Phi Beta Pi Q. May 16 He was to look up train times for our trip from Cleveland to Syracuse. Seven forty-five a. m. was the verdict.

1949 R. G. Voge et al. United States Submarine Operations in World War II iv. xxxi. 484/2 A position near Otasamu..was selected. Train times were noted.

1996 Observer 31 Mar. (Business section) 9/5 There will be bus feeders at railheads and bus timetables will run much more in tandem with train times, making connections easier.

2010 G. A. Friedly Bridge over Valley 308 Shona was starved, so we stopped for pizza and I ended up at Shona's house and waited there until train time.

trainway n. (a) a line of rails for the transporting of small loads, often a temporary one, as in a mine or in the course of construction of a railway; †(b) U.S. a platform hinged to a wharf, with a line of rails upon which railway cars or trucks may run to and from a ferry boat (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > track > temporary track

trainway1839

train road1875

shoo-fly1905

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > track > hinged track for running on to ferry

trainway1867

society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > harbour or port > [noun] > wharf or quay > specific equipment on

trainway1867

wharf crane1893

wharf-shed1952

1807 W. H. Wollaston in Philos. Mag. 27 83 The coals from the upper veins of the mountain require to be let down in large quantities to the trainway tunnel below.

1839 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 2 46/1 The wagons when loaded..are easily pushed..down the trainway to the face of the cliff.

1852 J. S. Dana Jrnl. 3 Dec. in D. T. Dana Fashionable Tour Great Lakes & Upper Mississippi (2004) xi. 91 The lead mine we went to visit is two miles north west of Dubuque...The descent was 125 feet perpendicular and we landed in a high cavern... Here a man gave each of us a candle & led the way to the east through a narrow passage with a small car & train way in the middle.

1867 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1865 I. Index p. vii, in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (39th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 52) IX Boats, Ferry, Trainway for. [Patent text Tramway.]

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2610/1 Train-way, a hinged platform which forms a bridge leading from a wharf to the deck of a ferry-boat.

1945 Jrnl. Educ. Sociol. 19 137 All along both the northern and southern trainways and tramways, towns and cities have become the unintended new homes of thousands who wanted to get to California.

1992 Ports '92 (Amer. Soc. Civil Engineers) 1 107 Three rail alternatives are carried through the environmental document: an at-grade railroad.., a depressed train way with vertical side walls,..and a depressed train way with sloped side walls.

2004 R. H. Limbaugh & W. P. Fuller Calaveras Gold ii. 53 Heavily in debt and set back by a brushfire that burned their ‘train-way’, the Cornishmen ‘quarreled among themselves’ and dissolved the partnership.

train wreck n. (a) an event in which a train is wrecked; an act of wrecking a train; (b) a wrecked train; also figurative.

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society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > accident on railway

run-off1847

runaway train1848

derailment1850

train wreck1876

derailing1884

runaway1886

train crash1904

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > train

train1814

railway train1834

railroad train1836

train1841

rail train1843

train wreck1876

train set1959

1876 Year Bk. & Almanac Canada 86/1 Train wreck on Can. S. Railway.

1889 Ann. Rep. Chief of Engineers, United States Army III. 1586 Communication was opened with the officers of the St. Louis, Arkansas and Texas Railroad to ascertain if they proposed to remove the train wreck at the Garland Bridge.

1897 Proc. Trustees Sanitary District of Chicago 3749/1 Attempted train wreck..6.

1949 S. Longstreet High Button Shoes ii. iii. 49 [Drinks.] This and a train wreck killed Grandma.

1980 Maledicta Summer 55 Trainwreck, a very sick patient who has several medical problems simultaneously and is usually comatose.

1993 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Jrnl. 31 Mar. d4/3 Babbitt wants to begin the cooperative development of multispecies ecosystem-protection plans that would avoid what he calls ‘national train wreck’ such as the northern spotted owl controversy.

2007 R. Sharenow My Mother the Cheerleader (2009) xxiii. 205 Something compelled me to listen, like when people rush over to see a house burn down or watch bloody victims pulled from a train wreck.

C3. In other and mixed senses.

train bolt n. †(a) Navy a ringbolt for securing the train tackle of a gun to a ship's deck (obsolete); (b) Mechanics a large, substantial bolt.

ΚΠ

1822 G. Marshall Pract. Marine Gunnery 62 Take a short strap and put it over the pomillion of the gun, hook on your single bolt to that, the end of the fall, the reeve through the train bolt on deck, and haul it well taut.

1863 S. B. Luce Seamanship (ed. 2) vi. 75 If..the blocks were reversed, the effort would be applied to rouse the train bolt out of the deck, rather than to run the gun in.

1875 U.S. Patent 159,791 1/1 The object of my invention is to obtain greater security in the fastening of safes by means of locks which do not set in motion the main or train bolts, but which serve as obstacles to their being withdrawn unless unlocked.

1921 Railway Jrnl. Dec. 25/1 The Pennsylvania has placed an order for 50,000 heat treated train bolts.

2004 N. Cortese Modelling IS Heavy Tank Introd. 6/1 (caption) My punch set—every modeller should have one of these, although I also use plastic train bolts and nuts.

train depot n. (a) Military a place where stores from a train (sense 10) are deposited; cf. depot n. 3a (now rare); (b) a railway station; (also) a place where trains are housed and maintained and from which they are dispatched for service; cf. depot n. 5.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > station

station1830

station house1833

train depot1833

railway station1836

railroad station1837

depot1842

rail station1848

rail1850

train station1856

gare1870

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > station > yard

wagon-yard1827

yard1827

train depot1833

railway yard1854

trainyard1866

marshalling yard1877

rail yard1888

1833 United Service Jrnl. May 26 Principal Depôts of Military Stores... Train Depôts.

1862 Amer. Railroad Jrnl. 22 Nov. 906/1 The Engineer must be also a good architect, or..his bridges will be insecure, his work shops and train depots will be inconvenient and expensive.

1916 G. H. Allen et al. Great War II. v. 223 There were 25 battalions of the train, in addition to one train depot and field bakery for each army corps.

1939 L. Jacobs Rise of Amer. Film vii. 112 A girl held captive in a train depot telegraphs her father and sweetheart, railroad men, for help, and they commandeer a train and speed to her rescue.

2011 Liverpool Echo (Nexis) 10 May 2 Power supply problems at a train depot caused delays to commuters on Merseyrail's northern line this morning.

train horse n. Military (now historical) a horse employed to draw artillery.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > used in war or charger > that draws artillery

train horse1643

hairy1899

1643 in 13th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1892) App. i. 131 The county complains that we have not charged the Train horse according to the letter of the Ordinance.

1710 London Gaz. No. 4682/2 Train Horses..employed in drawing forty pieces of Artillery.

1759 H. Bouquet Let. 16 Aug. in Papers (1940) Ser. 21652. 218 Cap^t. Killbock..Stole 16, of the Train Horses at Ligonier, and scalped the driver who reclaimed them.

1831 Edinb. Lit. Jrnl. 18 June 389/1 The boom of the cannon that bursts on the ear;—Near—nearer the train-horse reels past with its car.

1873 Farmer's Mag. Mar. 264/1 Having seen how the train horse might be procured, let us now turn to the cavalry horse.

1920 Jrnl. U.S. Artillery July 34 When advance was slow, combat wagons and caissons could haul from this dump to combattant troops, aided by the division train horse transport.

1980 O. von Pivka Napoleon's German Allies (4): Bavaria 29/1 In the campaign of 1812 Bavaria lost over 28,000 men; all 5,800 cavalry and train horses, all but six of her cannon.

train line n. †(a) Angling a long fishing line bearing numerous hooks (obsolete rare); (b) a railway line.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > fishing-line > [noun] > other types of line

ground-linea1450

ledger-line1653

gildert1681

kipping-linec1686

fly-line1706

night line1726

trout-line1789

train line1828

runner1835

salmon line1850

loop-line1859

stray-line1879

dandy-line1882

kelp line1884

cross-line1891

free line1913

flatline1950

multistrand1960

flatliner1984

1828 Sporting Mag Dec. 140/2 All, from the most simple line to the long train-lines, thick set with innumerable hooks, present..so many inevitable snares.

1836 Derby Mercury 9 Nov. 1/4 Your company contemplated a line to Crewe, and ours one..with a branch through the Potteries, connecting our train line with that of the Grand Junction near Stafford.

1896 T. Weedon Queensland Past & Present vii. 101 The improvement in railway business which marked the year 1895 resulted on a train line mileage of 1,925.

1960 J. Gunn Humpy in Hills ix. 141 I fell into the main mine shaft. Train lines right to the entrance.

2001 D. Lehane Mystic River 76 That's like two train lines and a bus transfer from here.

train net n. now rare a drag net, a seine; cf. sense 5b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > drag-net

dray-netc1000

pullc1303

draw-net1386

dredge1471

drag1481

dragneta1542

train1576

tug-net1584

trainel1585

draught-net1630

trawl-net1697

trail1711

trawl1759

trail-net1820

pole trawl1836

train net1864

otter trawlc1870

turn-net1883

pair trawl1967

1864 Glasgow Daily Herald 24 Sept. There is as much damage done with train nets as with trawl nets.

1917 F. Crissey Story of Foods xvi. 270 The American mackerel is caught mostly in drift or train nets, but single nets are also often used.

train rope n. Navy (now historical) a rope fastened to the trail of a gun carriage on board ship.

ΚΠ

1822 G. Marshall Pract. Marine Gunnery 25 Train Ropes, 2 to each gun.

1870 Jrnl. Royal United Service Inst. 14 115 If the train-rope is hove in on one side and slacked out on the other, the gun is trained round in that direction.

2001 D. Poyer Fire on Waters xxxi. 415 Men flew backward from one of the thirty-two-pounders, which flipped absurdly, then jammed pointing upward, tangled in the train ropes.

train service n. (a) Military a system of providing trains of artillery, supplies, etc.; (b) the provision of rail transport or a system for providing it.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > [noun] > field equipment

train1523

train service1753

field equipment1787

supply train1788

field park1805

society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > operation of railways

train service1853

rail service1855

working1927

1753 G. Wollaston Life & Hist. Pilgrim iv. 258 His captain..sent for the surgeon of the regiment, as is the constant custom there, especially in regard to such as are taken into the train service, in order for their being searched and tried, if they are of strength and ability sufficient for the employment.

1853 Fifth Ann. Rep. Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad Co. 8 While during the first half of the year, the business of the road was light, the amount of train service and expenses of operating could not be rateably reduced.

1887 Spectator 3 Sept. 1174 Their train-services collected and equipped for a campaign.

1939 L. C. Fritch Truth about Railroads xi. 67 Waste incurred in operating unnecessary train services.

1997 J. Millen Salute to Service 13 In 1807 Napoleon took a revolutionary step with his Grande Armée by providing it with, in addition to the vehicles accompanying troops, a regular train service run by fully militarised personnel.

2002 S. Perera Do Right Thing i. 17 Hopefully I'll be back in time to call you, but you know how the train services can be.

† train-shut adj. Obsolete rare shut by a train of wheels and pinions.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [adjective] > shut by train of wheels

train-shut1632

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 5 Mine Epitaph shall sound, Of traine-shut sluces, of the Thespian spring, Where chatring birds, Dodonean trees do sing.

train tackle n. Navy (now historical) a tackle hooked to the trail of a gun carriage on board ship.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > naval weapons and equipment > [noun] > ship's guns collectively > support or fixing for gun

gun-stock1495

breeching1627

train tackle1769

housing-bolt1807

housing-ring1820

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Cannon There is another tackle hooked to the rear or train of the carriage, to prevent the cannon from rolling into its place until it is charged: this is called the train-tackle.

1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) Train-Tackle, a combination of pulleys, which is, during action, hooked to an eye-bolt, in the train of the carriage, and to a ring-bolt in the deck... Its use is, to prevent the gun from running out of the port whilst loading.

1832 United Service Jrnl. iii. 98 The mere smell of powder, and the actual recoil of the gun, without help from the train-tackle, form sources of satisfaction.

1873 T. D. Wilson Outl. Ship Building iii. viii. 268 To all the gun-ports on covered gun-decks the following bolts are required:..two eye bolts for train-tackle, one on either side, made with a double eye and flattened on the lower side, that a nob-hooked block may be used; [etc.].

1922 S. Schroeder Half Cent. Naval Service i. 6 For actual firing a half hitch was taken around all parts of the train tackle to jerk it out of the way of the recoil.

2008 G. Fremont-Barnes Victory vs Redoutable 29 Fitted between the rear of the gun carriage and the deck at the centreline was a train tackle, used to move the carriage backwards.

train-work n. now rare a series of parts of a mechanism which constitute a train (sense 12a).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [noun] > consisting of series of parts

train?1714

train-work1859

1859 New Amer. Cycl. V. 357/2 An ingenious mechanism was displayed..as that afterward employed in the train work of a clock to designate the divisions of time.

1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy 92 The Morse involves a complicated and expensive trainwork of mechanism.

1917 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 55 128/1 To fit to such mechanism..a motor developing 10 or 20 times the power, imposes an undue strain upon the train-work.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

trainv.¹

Brit.

/treɪn/, U.S.

/treɪn/

Forms: late Middle English trany, late Middle English–1500s treyne, late Middle English–1600s trayn, late Middle English–1600s trayne, 1500s–1600s traine, 1500s–1600s trane, 1500s– train, 1600s tran; Scottish pre-1700 traine, pre-1700 trane, pre-1700 trayn, pre-1700 trayne, pre-1700 trean, pre-1700 tryne, pre-1700 1700s– train.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French trainer.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman treiner, treigner, traner, Anglo-Norman and Middle French trainer, trahiner, traigner, Middle French trainner, trayner, traynner (French traîner ) to force (a person) to go somewhere against his or her will (c1135 in Old French), (of a garment or piece of apparel) to hang down so as to touch the ground and drag (c1140), to drag (a person or thing) (a1174; frequently in legal contexts with reference to a form of punishment (end of the 13th cent. or earlier)), to drag oneself along with difficulty (c1180, used reflexively), to involve (something) as a consequence, to result in (13th cent.), to creep, trail (first half of the 15th cent., used reflexively), to extend the duration of, to delay (a task) (both 1508), to drawl, pronounce (a word, phrase, name) slowly (1549), in Anglo-Norman also to teach (a hawk) to fly at its prey (beginning of the 14th cent. or earlier); apparently < an unattested post-classical Latin form *traginare , in turn ultimately < classical Latin trahere to draw, drag (see tract n.³): see discussion below. In sense 1 probably influenced by (etymologically unrelated) train n.¹: see discussion below. Compare earlier train n.²Semantic developments in English. Sense 1 is not paralleled in French; the sense ‘to attract, seduce (a person's heart)’ of French traîner is first attested considerably later (1677, e.g. in traînant tous les cœurs après soi , lit. ‘dragging all hearts behind him- or herself’), and is merely a contextual specific sense of traîner ‘to drag, pull’. The English sense probably shows a specific semantic development of the borrowed verb, probably influenced by (etymologically unrelated) train n.¹, probably originally with the meaning ‘to draw into error’. Compare also train v.² A number of the later senses at branch I. are also not paralleled in French, and probably represent semantic developments within English, in some cases probably after senses of train n.² Branch II. is almost entirely unparalleled in French (apart from the rare, late use in Anglo-Norman with reference to the training of hawks), and probably shows semantic developments within English. Compare also train v.² 2, train v.² 3, which show some semantic overlap with sense 11a. In branch III. after train n.² (compare train n.² 19). Further discussion of forms in Romance languages. With Anglo-Norman and Middle French trainer , etc., compare Old Occitan traginar , trainar (c1230 or earlier), Catalan traginar to transport (goods) by dragging (14th cent.), Spanish trajinar (c1201 as †trainar ; also †traginar , †traynar ; in later use largely reborrowed < Catalan), Italian trainare to drag (last quarter of the 12th cent., earliest in past participle trainato ). The verb forms in the various Romance languages are generally assumed to reflect an unattested post-classical Latin verb *traginare , which probably shows a derivative formation < an unattested post-classical Latin verb *tragere , related to classical Latin trahere (see tract n.³). The form *tragere may show an alteration of trahere as a result of association with agere act v. (past participial stem act- ); perhaps compare also the ultimately related noun classical Latin trāgula kind of spear, and (in one isolated attestation each) sledge, (perhaps) kind of drag net. Compare also Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French traire to pull, draw, drag (c1050 in Old French; < an unattested post-classical Latin form *tragere (see above); now chiefly regional, except in the specific sense ‘to draw milk from (a cow or other domesticated animal)’). Compare also trail v.¹ Middle French trainer was also borrowed into other Germanic languages: compare Middle Dutch trahinen , traihijnen , trainen , treinen , etc. to drag (a person) along on the ground as a punishment, (hence in extended use) to torture, torment (a person), Dutch (now rare) traineeren , †treineeren , †treneeren , etc. to drag (a person or thing) along (late 16th cent.; now regional (West Flanders)), (now chiefly) to dawdle (late 16th cent.). In standard French, trainer and traire were both superseded as the usual words for ‘to pull’ by Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French tirer (see tire v.²); see further the discussion in Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch at *tragīnare.

I. Senses mainly involving movement, extension, or direction.

†1.

a. transitive. To entice or induce into a mistake; to lead astray, deceive, take in; (with adverbial) to lure to a particular place or in a particular direction. Also with on. Obsolete.The most frequent early sense.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > attract, allure, or entice [verb (transitive)]

teec888

tightc1000

drawc1175

tollc1220

till?c1225

ticec1275

bringc1300

entice1303

win1303

wina1340

tempt1340

misdrawa1382

wooa1387

lure1393

trainc1425

allurea1450

attract?a1475

lock1481

enlure1486

attice1490

allect1518

illect?1529

wind1538

disarm1553

call1564

troll1565

embait1567

alliciate1568

slock1594

enamour1600

court1602

inescate1602

fool1620

illure1638

magnetize1658

trepana1661

solicit1665

whistle1665

drill1669

inveigh1670

siren1690

allicit1724

wisea1810

come-hither1954

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. l. 1015 His mortal foon, Þat..him to treyne leide out hoke & laas.

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 1683 Ȝe do bott trayne vs..wyth trofelande wordez.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xix. 354 The lord dowglas toward thaim raid..Thame neir his battell for till trayne.

1588 T. Hughes Misfortunes Arthur v. i. 88 So did his witte and feature feede that hope, Which falsely trainde me to this wofull hap.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 v. ii. 21 We did traine him on.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. ii. 45 Oh traine me not sweet Mermaide with thy note,..Sing Siren for thy selfe, and I will dote.

a1694 J. Tillotson Serm. (1743) I. 237 Being insensibly trained on from one degree of wickedness to another.

a1767 W. Farington Serm. Important Subj. (1769) 231 Trained on thus by a succession of delusions, he is in his first state perpetually resolving, and perpetually sinning, until at last habit rivets on its chains.

1783 Ann. Reg. 1781 Hist. Europe 92/1 Middleton being trained into a well laid ambush, was spiritedly charged.

1825 W. Scott Betrothed in Tales Crusaders I. 128 He came disguised as a merchant of falcons, and trained out my old stupid Raoul, and the Lady Eveline, and all of us, as if to the hawking of the heron.

1899 G. Smith United Kingdom I. 200 He [sc. Bruce] trained him [sc. Comyn] to a church and stabbed him there.

b. transitive. To entice or induce into something beneficial or desirable; to persuade or convince to do something. Also with on. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade (a person) [verb (transitive)] > persuade or prevail upon

wina1340

persuadec1450

to prevail withc1450

prevail1466

train1549

overswaya1586

oppugn1596

overrulea1616

reach1637

to prevail upon1656

to gain upon1790

convince1958

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Thess. i. f. ii^v Howe easely you were trayned from the supersticion of your forefathers..vnto the true wurshippe of God.

a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Langs. & Relig. (1614) xv. 126 They haue beene by little and little brought & trained to the Greeke religion.

1647 D. Dickson Brief Expos. Matthew 103 The Lord will seem not to regard the prayer which he mindeth to grant, and so will traine on the supplicant patiently to pursue his request.

1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials I. v. 67 The King had hopes to train the Emperor to reason by doulce methods.

†2.

a. transitive. (a) (also intransitive) To delay; (b) to extend the duration of, protract, spin out; (c) to spend, pass (time, one's life). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > duration > have duration [verb (transitive)] > cause to endure, sustain, or prolong

lengOE

drawOE

teec1200

forlengtha1300

lengtha1300

drivec1300

tarryc1320

proloynec1350

continuec1380

to draw alonga1382

longa1382

dretch1393

conservea1398

to draw (out) in, into, at, or on lengtha1400

prorogue1419

prolongc1425

aroomc1440

prorogate?a1475

protend?a1475

dilate1489

forlong1496

relong1523

to draw out1542

sustentate1542

linger1543

defer1546

pertract1548

propagate1548

protract1548

linger1550

lengthen1555

train1556

detract?a1562

to make forth (long, longer)1565

stretch1568

extend1574

extenuate1583

dree1584

wire-draw1598

to spin out1603

trail1604

disabridge1605

produce1605

continuate1611

out-length1617

spin1629

to eke out1641

producta1670

prolongate1671

drawl1694

drag1697

perennate1698

string1867

perennialize1898

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 499 Traynyn, or tranyyn, or longe taryyn..[?a1475 Winch. or abydyn], moror, differo.

a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) (1988) 51 Ȝif þe iourney be long traynud and taried, and þay nouȝt occupied in werrus, þan is it nedful to occupie hem in feld werkes.

?1550 T. Becon Jewel of Joye sig. B.iiii Neither by letters nor yet by reporte..coulde we learne where you trayned youre lyfe.

1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie xcv. 8 To traine the time and tarie you..folli it weare.

1652 J. Wright tr. J.-P. Camus Nature's Paradox x. 259 To seek a glorious Death..rather than train so obscure and discontented a Life.

b. transitive. To stretch the sense of. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > misinterpretation > distortion or perversion of meaning > pervert or distort [verb (transitive)]

crooka1340

deprave1382

pervertc1390

strainc1449

drawc1450

miswrest?a1475

bewrya1522

wry?1521

to make a Welshman's hose ofa1529

writhea1533

wrest1533

invert1534

wring?1541

depravate1548

rack1548

violent1549

wrench1549

train1551

wreathe1556

throw1558

detorta1575

shuffle1589

wriggle1593

distortc1595

to put, set, place, etc. on the rack1599

twine1600

wire-draw1610

monstrify1617

screw1628

corrupt1630

gloss1638

torture1648

force1662

vex1678

refract1700

warp1717

to put a force upon1729

twist1821

ply1988

1551 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 2nd Pt. f. xxxi The scriptures he had so trayned with the rules of logycke, that by them he was able to maynteyne all falshede.

c. transitive. To extend the length of; to drawl, pronounce slowly (a word, phrase, name). Also with out. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > drawl

to draw outc1540

drawl1643

train1647

trail1891

1647 J. Cleveland Poems in Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4662) 25 A Name which if 'twere train'd would spred a mile.

1786 tr. J. R. Forster Hist. Voy. & Discov. North ii. iii. 171 The inhabitants of Furli in the Pope's dominions, who train out their words in the pronunciation to a great length.

1859 G. Meredith Ordeal Richard Feverel III. x. 296 You should have heard how he trained out the [word] ‘old’.

†3.

(a) intransitive. To drag oneself along; to creep, trail. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > progressive motion > moving along with hands and feet or with body prone > move along with hands and feet or with body prone [verb (intransitive)] > creep or crawl

creepc888

rampa1393

crawla1400

trainc1475

ycraul1594

sinuate1848

belly1903

c1475 tr. C. de Pisan Livre du Corps de Policie (Cambr.) (1977) 187 (MED) A man-is body may not passe but that he shulde goo lewedely and he had loste his feete, but treynyng on the hondes with grete payne and on his bodye also.

1566 J. Studley tr. Seneca Agamemnon iii. sig. C.ii^v He traynes along the roaryng seas and eke the waltryng waue By shouyng on hys bourly brest in sonder quyte he draue.

1634 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World (new ed.) II. xix. iv. 13 Some traine along and run by the ground, growing on end stil as they creep, as Gourds and Cucumbers.

(b) intransitive. Of a garment: to hang down, esp. so as to drag or trail. Also with down. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > hang or be suspended [verb (intransitive)] > hang down > trailingly

trikea1350

trilla1400

trailc1412

train1584

dragglec1594

tag1617

traipsea1777

streel1847

trape1875

1584 T. H. True Discription Tryumphes & Pastimes in tr. F. de Billerbeg Most Rare & Straunge Disc. Amurathe sig. D.i^v That great Patriarch of Constantinople..hauing the Patriarchall Robe (which is in manner of a Coape) trayning vppon the grounde.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. iii. sig. P2^v Below her ham her weed did somewhat trayne.

1636 tr. J. Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin Ariana i. viii. 153 Shee was drest in a white robe..: and in the skirts it was enlarg'd with a thousand folds, and training upon the ground made her looke very majesticall.

a1676 S. Gunton Hist. Church Peterburgh (1686) 74 Her uppermost gown was of black Satin, printed, training upon the ground.

1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant xxxi. 117 They let it [sc. the tail] train down till they come to the lower End.

1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France I. 184 A full black silk petticoat, sloped just to train a very little on the ground.

1847 C. Winston Inq. Anc. Glass Paintings 81 The secular female costume usually consists of a garment fitting tightly to the arms and body, and having a wide long skirt training on the ground.

1869 Arthur's Home Mag. Feb. 133 The skirt trains sufficiently to produce a graceful effect.

b. transitive. To draw or pull along after one; to drag, haul, trail. Frequently with adverbial. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull > along a surface or behind

drawOE

harry1340

traila1380

traina1500

lag1530

strakec1530

entrain1568

drail1598

lurry1664

toboggan1886

schlep1911

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xviii. 299 He hente hir be the tresses and drough hir towarde the horse trailinge..; and so he hath hir trayned and drawen.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 383 To se the body of Hector so trayned by Achilles.

1607 G. Markham Cavelarice iii. 9 This chase or sport wee..call a traine sente, because the sente which the Houndes hunt is trayned alongst the feildes.

1623 tr. A. Favyn Theater of Honour & Knight-hood vi. iv. 124 To traine the baggadge of the Christian Army there were three score thousand Chariots.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 553 Behold..the Foe Approaching..; in hollow Cube Training his devilish Enginrie [sc. cannon] .

1771 R. Berenger Hist. & Art Horsemanship I. 186 It was called the Train-scent, and so denominated, because the scent which the hounds hunted, proceeded from some animal which had previously been trained along the fields.

1807 J. R. Bedford in Tennessee Hist. Mag. 5 (1919) 63 We..trained the barge up with the current and passed over to the S. shore to encamp.

1831 W. Scott Count Robert iii, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. I. 84 He cannot be so false of word as to train me to prison under false pretexts.

1857 C. M. Yonge Let. 3 Oct. in C. R. Coleridge Charlotte Mary Yonge (1903) viii. 215 Then Graham trained us off to see a wonderful chapel.

c. transitive. figurative. With with and pronoun referring to the subject. To involve as a consequence, result in. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring about as a consequence or entail

makeOE

haveOE

drawa1400

to draw inc1405

to leave behind1424

goc1449

to draw on1572

train1579

carry1581

beara1616

to lead toa1770

evolve1816

entail1829

mean1841

issue1842

subinduce1855

1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin i. 15 If those small forces trained with them so great fortunes.

1619 Sir J. Finett Let. in S. R. Gardiner Lett. Relations Eng. & Germany (1865) 1st Ser. 63 A busynes that is lyke to trayn wyth it a consequence of continuall trouble.

†4. transitive. With adverbial. To lead, conduct, bring. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > show (the way) [verb (transitive)] > accompany as a guide

leada900

conduec1330

conductc1400

convey14..

condc1460

conducec1475

convoyc1480

carrya1522

wain1540

train1549

marshal1590

gallant1806

usha1824

trot1888

get1984

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Jude f. xxii^v The Hebrues.., whom..Iesus trained out of the..bondage of the Egipcians.

c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cv. 90 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 165 His chosen troopes with triumph on he traines.

1642 King Charles I Declar. 12 Aug. 16 Their resort was to the people, whom upon severall occasions they had trained down to Westminster.

†5.

a. transitive. Hunting. To pursue by following a trail, to track. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > follow [verb (transitive)] > follow (a track or trail) > follow track or trail of

troda1250

tracec1440

track1565

train1575

tract1577

hunt1579

foot1581

trail1590

to tread the feet of1596

insist1631

pad1861

sleuth1905

back-trail1907

back-track1925

1575 G. Turberville Noble Arte Venerie or Hunting 1575 And we trayne and rayse the Wolfe, when we bring them to their resting place and put them from the same to be hunted.

1592 Greenes Groats-worth of Witte sig. C4^v They followed, and trained the Foxe and Badger to the hole.

b. transitive. Mining. To find and follow the course of (a vein of ore) by digging from the surface. Also intransitive. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1671 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 6 2096 Of some Mineral Observations touching the Mines of Cornwal and Devon; wherein is described the Art of Trayning a Load.

1671 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 6 2101 It may be, that after we have trained up the Hill, instead of a Load we find nought but a Bonny, or Squat.

1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis iii. i. 128 In training up to the second [Shode], they may meet with the Shode of a third.

a. intransitive. To move in a person's train or retinue. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > be a retainer or follower [verb (intransitive)]

suec1390

pursue1485

retain1547

train1633

1633 P. Fletcher Poeticall Misc. 55 in Purple Island With her a troop of fairest wood-nymphs trains.

1904 37th Ann. Rep. Connecticut Board Agric. 292 I shall never forget what a picture he made as he came in with his savage followers training along behind him.

b. intransitive. North American colloquial. With with (regional also along of). To associate, ally, or cooperate. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > associate with for common purpose [verb (transitive)]

alliance1533

to combine a league1562

enleague1596

to strike ina1637

factiona1652

adoptate1662

to strike up1714

enjoin1734

to go in1851

train1866

to tie up1888

affiliate1949

1866 Radical Apr. 299 When they found that Christ would not train with them, they eschewed him.

1871 J. Hay Pike County Ballads 22 It gravels me like the devil to train Along o' sich fools as you.

1892 ‘M. Twain’ Amer. Claimant i. 5 Have you been training with that ass again?

1907 Methodist Rev. Nov. 984 He does not train with the extreme radical theologians.

1935 H. L. Davis Honey in Horn i. 4 A couple of bad-acting sons who got drunk, fought and trained around with thieving half-breeds.

1945 ‘L. Ford’ Philadelphia Murder Story ix. 146 She knew as well as I know now—and I don't train with lawyers—that Malone wasn't going to search the house.

a. transitive. To direct, point, or aim (originally a cannon or other firearm, later also the eye or sight, or an optical device), esp. by horizontal movement. Frequently with on, upon the thing aimed at or focused on. Also intransitive with object implied.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > direct [verb (transitive)] > aim at > aim (a blow, weapon, etc.)

reachOE

seta1300

shapec1400

ettlec1450

charge1509

bend1530

level1530

aimc1565

butt1594

levy1618

to give level to1669

wise1721

intenda1734

train1795

sight1901

to zero in1944

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > fire (a gun) [verb (transitive)] > aim (gun)

lay1480

dispart1578

train1795

1795 M. Greetham Minutes Court Martial A. J. P. Molloy 139 While you were engaged with the Van Ship you had trained several Guns to fire at the second Ship.

1841 B. J. Totten Naval Text-bk. 417 To train a gun, to point it forward or abaft the beam.

1862 J. Weiss Disc. upon Causes for Thanksgiving 17 Buchanan loaded the first gun and trained it on Fort Sumter.

1873 Brit. Q. Rev. 108 Their ‘horizontal range’, or the arc over which they could be trained, should be made small.

1885 Amer. Architect & Building News 24 Oct. 194/2 When both telescopes are trained upon the given point, two lines passing through their axes will intersect in that point.

1889 G. Kennan in Cent. Mag. May 73/2 We set up the camera and trained it upon a part of the picturesque throng.

1904 Sci. Amer. 18 June 475 The turrets are trained by one man, the trainer; and each gun is pointed by another man, the pointer, who fires the gun.

1916 ‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin xvi. 307 The muzzle of the gun began to move up and down..‘Train right a bit, Bill!’

1939 H. Miller Tropic of Capricorn 56 The bull-frog eyes were trained on me like two collar buttons stuck in cold fat.

1964 Y. Bilinsky Second Soviet Republic iii. 100 His conversation partner would..train the beam of a powerful spotlight on his face.

1983 J. Gayton Uncommon Valor (film script) 52 (stage direct.) Scott..raising his M-16 and training it on the first tower.

2006 V. Rounding Catherine the Great (2008) xx. 482 He even trained a telescope on the windows of her apartment.

b. intransitive. To be directed, pointed, or aimed. Usually with adverbial of direction, often with on, upon.

ΚΠ

1822 Proc. Gen. Court Martial Commodore James Barron 41 Were not the Leopard's crew at quarters, and her guns training upon you, before your drum began to beat?

1861 J. H. Ward Elem. Instr. in Naval Ordnance & Gunnery (new ed.) i. iv. 63 Standing in the middle of the present port, guns train nearly 25 degrees with the beam.

1900 Independent 18 Jan. 178/2 The 8-inch guns, training as they do, are serviceable for attack only against the same point as the heavy guns.

1946 Billboard 31 Aug. 14/2 Ben Grauer took mike in hand and with cameras training, went visiting Club 21.

1986 T. Clancy Red Storm Rising (1988) xx. 291 The fore and aft twin missile launchers trained out at the first targets.

1993 R. Stevenson From Mouths of Angels 31 Both ends of our binoculars Train on a troubled red bird In your maker's blue eye.

2008 M. McNett One Dog Happy 108 Her eyes trained on Ruthie's waving arm.

8. intransitive. U.S. regional (New England) . To behave playfully; to play energetically. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > frolicking or romping > frolic [verb (intransitive)]

floxec1200

ragea1275

to dance antics1545

rig1570

to keep (also play) reaks1573

wanton1582

wantonize1592

frolic1593

wantonize1611

hoit1613

mird?c1625

to play about1638

freak1663

romp1665

rump1680

ramp1735

jinket1742

skylark1771

to cut up1775

rollick1786

hoity-toity1790

fun1802

lark1813

gammock1832

haze1848

marlock1863

train1877

horse1901

mollock1932

spadger1939

grab-ass1957

1877 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 4) 717 To train, to carry on; to act wild. Almost peculiar to girls in New England. ‘She's an awful one to train.’

1889 W. D. Howells Hazard New Fortunes I. ii. viii The girl broke into a fondly approving laugh at his drolling. ‘Oh, I guess you love to train!’

II. Senses involving improvement or development.

9. transitive. To direct, treat, or manipulate so as to bring to a necessary or desired form; spec. in Horticulture: to cause (a plant or branch) to grow in a desired shape or direction, esp. against a wall or on a trellis or the like (also intransitive with object implied). Also with adverbial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [verb (transitive)] > train

rail?1387

trail1398

train?1440

conduct1477

to lay in1802

espalier1810

trellis1818

set1845

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 1032 (MED) And bowis ore hit trayn So lough and rare, on hem that bees may dwelle.

1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie i. sig. (o3) The very High-wayes by the fields being planted with Elms, to train up the Vines which grow intermingled in every place.

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Pyrus The Distance which the Branches of Pears should be train'd must be proportion'd to the Size of their Fruit.

1792 M. Riddell Voy. Madeira 9 The vines are trained and supported by poles.

1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott I. ix. 289 A garden..in which Scott delighted to train his flowers and creepers.

1849 C. Brontë Shirley II. ix. 209 This was said as she stood at the glass, training her naturally waved hair into curls, by twining it round her fingers.

1861 Amer. Agriculturist July 195/2 Tomatoes—Train to trellises of lath, or support with frames of poles, or brush, as for peas.

1895 Cent. Mag. Sept. 735/1 Parrot's-feather (Myriophyllum proserpinacoides) may be put around the edge, and trained to throw its delicate whorls of greenery over the sides of the tub.

1931 Good Housek. (U.S. ed.) Dec. 133/2 (advt.) The simple Gerardine treatment makes the hair more pliable and trains it to fall into a wave.

1991 Pract. Gardening Dec. 80/2 Plant against tall poles 10ft (3m) high and train against horizontal wires 1 ft..apart from 6ft..upwards.

1999 R. Hansen Hitler's Niece (2000) x. 130 She put a hand into his hair and trained it back.

2009 M. Horsfall Fabulous Food from Every Small Garden i. ii. 26/1 Berry canes are easy to train up a trellis or lattice and take up little horizontal space.

10.

a. transitive. To subject to discipline and instruction for development of character, behaviour, or skill. Also with up. Usually with as, for, in, to, or infinitive, specifying the field or aim of instruction.

(a) To give sustained instruction and practice to in an art, profession, occupation, or procedure; to drill.See also pot-train vb. at pot n.¹ Compounds 2, potty-train v., toilet train vb. at toilet n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > [verb (transitive)]

tighta1000

teec1000

thewc1175

forma1340

informc1350

nurturec1475

train1531

breeda1568

train1600

to lick (a person or thing) into (shape , etc.)1612

scholar1807

educate1826

society > armed hostility > drill or training > drill [verb (transitive)]

train1531

discipline1590

drill1626

redrill1792

society > education > teaching > training > train [verb (transitive)]

to teach of1297

exercec1374

informc1384

schoolc1456

break1474

instruct1510

nuzzle1519

train1531

train1542

frame1547

experience?c1550

to trade up1556

disciplinea1586

disciple1596

nursle1596

accommodate1640

educate1643

model1665

form1711

to break in1785

scholar1807

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. ix. sig. D.iiij After that the childe hath ben pleasauntly trayned & induced to knowe the partes of speche.

1548 in A. I. Cameron Sc. Corr. Mary of Lorraine (1927) 266 I..send yow xl men of the soldeiors..And I have sent yow of the best of them, but I thinke they have bene lyttill tranyd in the warres.

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. vi. 106 To be trayned, and exercysed in the feictes of warre.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 3/2 in Chron. I Bardus..was highly renoumed..for inuention of Dities and musike, wherein..hee trayned his people.

1578 T. P. Of Knowl. Warres x. f. 47^v To haue readie..menne prepared bothe in mindes, & by excercise trayned for this seruice.

1589–90 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 452 Being tranyt up and exerceit in the said arte.

1612 For Colony Virginea Britannia 27 All Captaines, Lieutenants, Serieants, and Corporals, shall be diligent at conuenient times, to traine and exercise their Companies.

1613 J. Hayward William I 77 After~ward the English, being trained to that fight [sc. the practice of archery] did thereby chiefly maintaine themselues with honourable aduantage against all nations.

1660 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Mores Hominum vi. 201 (note) The poorer sort of Fencers..being exercised and trained as Tyrones or young Souldiers in the Campus Martius.

1661 in F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (1907) II. 170 To march, trayne and exercise his company, according to the moderne discipline of warr.

c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 39 Such advocates as had been trained up in the civil law.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. xiv. 287 Trained to the dexterous use of their fire-arms.

1753 T. Smollett Ferdinand Count Fathom II. lxv. 265 Don Diego did not train her up in that restraint to which the Spanish ladies are subjected.

1771 H. Mackenzie Man of Feeling xxi. 77 They are taught..that a young woman is a creature to be married.

1797 H. North tr. Abbé de Tressan Mythol. compared with Hist. 177 He trained him for the office of a great commander.

1806 Ann. Reg. 1804 (Otridge ed.) Hist. Europe 41/2 Thinking it not only useless, but dangerous, to attempt to train, as regulars, men who can never assist an army but by acting as irregulars.

1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel II. ix. 199 My mother..privately trained me up in those of the reformed religion.

1859 Househ. Words 14 May 557/2 The women..had aided them in firing at the authorities. Fox, Pitt, and Burke, having trained them to the use of fire arms.

1869 T. H. Huxley in Sci. Opin. 21 Apr. 464/1 He was thoroughly trained in the physical and chemical science of his day.

1909 S. A. Burstall Impressions Amer. Educ. in 1908 viii. 251 Correspondence schools..undertaking..to train people for all sorts of positions in the world of industry.

1920 E. A. Fitzpatrick in E. M. Friedman Amer. & New Era iv. xii. 209 There are two fields in which we have recognized the need for training for service. We train teachers and we train soldiers.

1961 ABA Jrnl. Feb. 158/3 The time..should be devoted to train students in the preparation of standard legal instruments, to examine complete trial files, and to visit actual trials in the courtrooms.

1983 K. W. Grundy Soldiers without Politics viii. 185 Coloured men were going to be trained as full-fledged fighting infantry men.

2002 D. Crouch Normans (2007) iii. 62 His [sc. William of Normandy's] tutors..had trained him up to have the makings of a superb soldier.

(b) More generally: to teach behaviour or attitudes to; to educate, rear, bring up.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > training > train [verb (transitive)]

to teach of1297

exercec1374

informc1384

schoolc1456

break1474

instruct1510

nuzzle1519

train1531

train1542

frame1547

experience?c1550

to trade up1556

disciplinea1586

disciple1596

nursle1596

accommodate1640

educate1643

model1665

form1711

to break in1785

scholar1807

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes Pref. *** ij^v For teachyng and trainyng young children.

1563 L. Humphrey Nobles or of Nobilitye sig. Yv Of this precepte in traynynge youth,..mine author is god.

1611 Bible (King James) Prov. xxii. 6 Traine vp a childe in the way he should goe.

1638 H. Wotton Let. 26 Sept. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 576 I should account the loss of him, whom I have trained from a Child.

1727 J. Gay Fables I. ix. 29 Seek you to train your fav'rite boy? Each caution, ev'ry care employ.

1788 J. Cobb Love in East i. i. 2 The Colonel has, no doubt, taught her to be obedient, in order to train her up for a wife.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. iii. 33 Madame,..trains up a youthful d'Orleans generation in what superfinest morality one can.

1877 E. R. Conder Basis of Faith iii. 103 This protracted pupilage..is admirably calculated to train and perfect his moral character.

1930 D. H. Lawrence Assorted Articles 42 Men..spend years training up the little-boy-baby-face type, till they've got her perfect. Then the moment they marry her, they want something else.

1974 T. Rosengarten All God's Dangers 535 I never trained him up to drink whiskey; that's just a method he picked up.

1990 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 15 Mar. 29/1 These were sexually ignorant women trained to trustful acceptance of authority.

2003 J. Dunn Elizabeth & Mary (2005) v. 170 Since she was six, Mary had been trained to consider herself a French fairytale princess who would eventually be transformed into a French Queen.

b. transitive. To cultivate or develop (the mind, the spirit, a faculty, etc.), esp. for a specified purpose; to accustom to performing a specified function. Also with up.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > [verb (transitive)]

tighta1000

teec1000

thewc1175

forma1340

informc1350

nurturec1475

train1531

breeda1568

train1600

to lick (a person or thing) into (shape , etc.)1612

scholar1807

educate1826

1600 S. Nicholson Acolastus his After-witte sig. E3 Thou wast a Father to my head-strong youth; Training my rash-braind thoughts in reasons waies.

a1653 H. Binning Fellowship with God (1671) xx. 184 How much more ought a Christian to train up his own heart, and accustome it this way, to be his continual remembrancer of himself.

1768 tr. Voltaire Def. of my Uncle 94 The real learned man is he who has trained his mind only by good books.

1813 C. Cuthbertson Adelaide I. v. 69 We will talk and think of these things when I have trained my mind to sufficient fortitude for submitting to a separation from your fascinating daughter.

1870 Eclectic Aug. 88/1 The business of the man is to train his spirit to learn how to bear and forbear in provocation, weariness, and excitement.

1926 Pop. Mech. Mar. 44/1 (advt.) You can now train your voice at a very small cost in the privacy of your own home.

2008 H. Lung Mind Fist 127 Train your sense of smell to notice out-of-place smells—perhaps alerting you to an intruder in your home?

c. intransitive. To follow a course of sustained practice and study in an art, profession, occupation, or procedure; also with as, for, in, or infinitive. In earliest quots.: to follow a course of military drill.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > [verb (intransitive)] > be instructed

train1605

1605 J. Stow Annales (new ed.) 1310 The other 3000 citizens..shewed on the Miles end, where they trained all that day.

1685 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 146 4 loades of muskets, pikes, etc...for the scholars to train with.

1765 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 (ed. 2) 38 Many of the militia refused to train with the mangled defaced colours.

1801 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. II. 178/2 Why should the young elect have supposed, that when stabbing that assassin, he was training to be a regicide?

1813 Panoplist Nov. 478/1 Not a single young man was training for the Ministry in Ireland; separate from the establishment.

1825 Lit. Souvenir 85 The young gentleman..very soon began to train as a literary character.

1837 Labourer's Friend Aug. 119 This establishment is..a normal school, for some of the pupils are training to be teachers of the plans.

1863 J. Weiss Life & Corr. T. Parker I. iii. 46 At 17 he began to train... He was very active and punctual in the discharge of his military duties.

1877 Rep. Comm. Militia App. II. 491/2 in Parl. Papers XVIII. 29 The time allowed for training a Militia man is too short to enable him to be instructed in musketry at the same time as he is training in the other drills.

1906 B. Harraden Scholar's Daughter vii. 121 My uncle thought I'd better train to be a doctor.

1938 P. White Let. 23 Mar. (1994) i. 15 They are starting to make appeals here for volunteers to train for the possibility of air-raids.

1981 C. Smythe If you can't beat 'em in Alley vii. 141 At first call-ups only had to train for thirty days.

1988 P. Fitzgerald Beginning of Spring (1989) iii. 25 You ought to train to do what you want to do, even if it's sweeping the streets.

1991 Times Educ. Suppl. 25 Jan. 100/3 There will be an opportunity for one teacher to train in teaching children with language/communication difficulties.

2006 J. Stiehm Champions for Peace i. 17 She trained for a career in opera,..and even though married, she made her own money.

11.

a. transitive. To teach (an animal) a particular behaviour, esp. to obey orders; to make (an animal) capable of performing a particular task or function; also with adverbial of result, with in, for, or infinitive, and (archaic) with up. Also: to bring (a horse or greyhound) to a suitable state of fitness for racing; also with for an event.See also obedience-train vb. at obedience n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > tame or train

temec1000

tamec1315

faite1362

daunt1377

afaitea1393

reclaima1393

chastisec1400

makea1425

meekc1429

break1474

enter1490

train?1532

law1534

dressc1540

meeken1591

correct1594

subjugate1595

cicure1599

unwild1605

cicurate1606

mancipate1623

familiarize1634

domesticate1641

gentle1651

domesticize1656

civilize1721

educate1760

domiciliate1782

?1532 Sir T. Eliot tr. Plutarch Educ. or Bringinge up Children ii. sig. B.ii Bothe these whelpes, hauynge one syre and one damme, by custome be trayned in to sondrye disposicions.

1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare iii. 170 Birdes by skil may be trained to recorde, and sounde Mens woordes, although they haue no vnderstandinge of them.

1609 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 181 Richard Eastwood, for his paynes and his coache, to trayne the horses theirin, xxx^s.

1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 166 These Lions..are..trained in parkes to hunt others.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iv. iv. 51 I answered, That our Horses were trained up from three or four Years old to the several Uses we intended them for.

1765 Treat. Domest. Pigeons 88 When they come to be trained for the homing part.

1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives IV. 65 She trained her youth as the colt is trained to the menage.

1777 J. Priestley Disquis. Matter & Spirit xviii. 239 Dogs..may be trained to catch hares.

1814 W. Scott Waverley II. xvi. 241 Their horses were not trained to the regular pace..nor did they seem bitted (as it is technically expressed) for the use of the sword.

1829 Western Monthly Rev. Aug. 96 Animals..may be in a great measure trained out of their instincts.

1872 J. F. Clarke Self-culture (1880) i. 33 Animals can be trained by man, but they cannot train themselves.

1892 in C. S. Cheltnam Dramatic Year Bk. for 1891 243/1 Squire Fallows and his son Harry have a horse called ‘The Outsider’, which is being trained for the Grand National Steeplechase by a gentleman rider named Larry Markey.

1916 R. M. Dawkins Mod. Greek in Asia Minor iv. 315 Go you, and get a horse, and come again. And let us train it up ourselves.

1921 J. Galsworthy To Let i. i, in Forsyte Saga (1922) iii. 639 They've sold their farm. Cousin Val is going to train race-horses on the Sussex Downs.

1939 C. A. Naether Bk. of Pigeon iv. 38 These pigeons are bred and trained for stunt flying.

1955 Life 5 Dec. 171/1 (caption) Trained to beg, Umberto's dog sits up outside Rome's Pantheon holding his master's hat in his mouth.

1989 Country Premier Issue 28/3 I'm training them in obedience and tracking.

2007 P. K.Thiot Zizzeddu i. i. 6 Helping to train greyhounds at Leicester and Hall Green was very poorly paid.

b. intransitive. To train racehorses; to be a racing trainer.

ΚΠ

1845 Sportsman's Mag. 23 Aug. 278/2 Sam has entirely quitted the profession of jockey, though he still trains at Newmarket.

1877 Spirit of Times 24 Nov. 439/2 He continued to train for more than seventy years, passing through the dark ages of the turf when legitimate course-racing was almost unknown.

1894 J. D. Astley Fifty Years of my Life I. 176 The present Robert Sherwood, who now trains at Newmarket.

2009 R. Lloyd Raising Bar xvi. 175 Prior to joining us he'd trained at Lambourn and Leicester.

12. spec.

a. transitive. To supervise (a person) in physical preparations for athletic or sporting competition, or in a programme to enhance fitness or bodily appearance. See also Phrasal verbs.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > training > train or coach [verb (transitive)]

train1712

1712 J. Weaver Ess. towards Hist. Dancing v. 115 There were also anciently Athlætic Dances proper for training and exercising Wrestlers.

1807 J. Sinclair Code Health & Longevity I. 705 Those who are trained to the foot-race..take a run for three miles, twice a day.

1832 S. Austin tr. H. L. H. von Pückler-Muskau Tour German Prince III. iv. 74 I kept race-horses myself, and had a Newmarket jockey for a time in my service... It amused me greatly to see this fellow ‘training’ himself.

1887 R. L. Stevenson Memories & Portraits vi. 96 A threat of latent anger in the expression, like that of a man trained too fine and harassed with perpetual vigilance.

1927 Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 57/2 A new exercise device, especially for training athletes, is said to develop muscles.

1968 Black Belt Apr. 4/2 These were karate men who have been trained by the best.

2006 A. Jean Combat to Compensation i. 3 His specialty was the 200-meter free-style. His trainer wanted to train him for the Junior Olympics.

b. transitive. To strengthen or develop (a muscle, limb, etc.) through a programme of physical activity.In quot. 1795 with reference to horses; cf. sense 11.

ΚΠ

1795 S. Chifney Genius Genuine 168 The first fine care in training horses for running..is, to train their legs to be able to carry their carcase.

1828 C. Caldwell Disc. on Genius & Char. of H. Holley 68 He that would train successfully and to the highest effect the intellects of youth, must proceed precisely as if he were training their muscles.

1857 Harper's New Monthly Mag. Mar. 548/1 He practiced swinging from his cord, both in order to test it and to train his arms, which were weak.

1915 Boys' Life Mar. 17/3 The heart is capable of wonderful endurance and extraordinary effort in an emergency; you can train your heart so that it will respond in time of need.

1958 Nursing (St. John Ambulance Assoc.) xiv. 189 Physiotherapy and occupational therapy should be available to strengthen and train the muscles.

1981 A. Schwarzenegger & B. Dobbins Arnold's Bodybuilding for Men (1984) viii. 193/2 Franco went all out training his legs to develop a shape that would draw attention away from their shortness.

2007 Men's Fitness July 70/3 You train a muscle in isolation first—for example, the chest muscles by doing flyes.

c. intransitive. To pursue physical activity, and often a controlled diet, in preparation for athletic or sporting competition, or in a programme to enhance fitness or bodily appearance. Also with for or infinitive. See also Phrasal verbs.See also weight train vb. at weight n.¹ Additions.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > training > train [verb (intransitive)]

train1806

point1916

1787 G. Gordon Let. to Attorney Gen. 17 The most athletic and robust young men, who, after trying and training for a certain term, are introduced to the Sovereign as eligible to the appointment.]

1806 J. Jackson in J. Sinclair Coll. Papers Athletic Exercises 25 They never sit down without changing their clothes, whilst they are training, for fear of the rheumatism.

1807 Times 27 Aug. 3/3 Captain Barclay, who is training at East Dean, under Gully and Ward, for his great pedestrian performance against Wood, at Newmarket, in October next, alternately takes physic and bathes every day.

1811 Ld. Byron Hints from Horace 703 The youth who trains to ride, or run a race, Must bear privations.

1873 Harper's Mag. Aug. 408 To nearly every man who trains today for a boat-race..this overheating is of no benefit.

1891 S. J. Duncan Amer. Girl in London xxiii. 247 Oh, we'd like to [eat] but we can't... We're still in training you know... Fellows have got to train pretty much on stodge.

1937 Boys' Life Jan. 18/4 I am training for 640 yard event this fall and I want to run it in the Spring.

1972 New York 26 June 33/2 As the heavyweight champion of the armed services for three out of his four years, he trained with Sonny Liston.

1998 Year Bk. Austral. xii. 398/2 Athletes with disabilities who are training to compete at international level.

2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 2 June d1/1 To train for my first marathon, I'm using the ‘run-walk’ method.

13. transitive. Computing. To configure (a program or device, esp. one based on neural networks) so that it will respond to inputs in the desired manner, by modifying the data controlling its outputs in the light of its responses to a series of test inputs. Cf. training n. 7.

ΚΠ

1958 F. Rosenblatt in Res. Rev. (U.S. Naval Res. Office) Oct. 10 The condition shown..can easily be reversed if the perceptron has been ‘trained’ with only a single square and circle before testing.

1966 Y. Bar-Hillel in Automatic Transl. of Lang. (NATO Summer School, Venice, 1962) 22 Certain electronic devices (such as perceptrons) have been built which can be ‘trained’ to perform certain tasks.

1987 Nature 9 July 107/1 Back-propagation provides an elegant way of training a multi-layer network.

2000 Struct. Engineer 1 Feb. 27/2 Once a suitable network architecture is established and the initial weights are assigned to the network connections, the network is ready to be trained.

2005 M. O'Shea Brain: Very Short Introd. vii. 105 The artificial networks can be trained to recognize and respond to complex patterns of input.

III. Senses from train n.² 19.

14. To go by train, travel by railway. Usually with adverbial. Now chiefly U.S.

a. intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > [verb (intransitive)]

rail1842

railroad1842

railway1855

train1856

train1888

1856 Ld. Granville Let. 12 Feb. in Ld. Fitzmaurice Life Granville (1905) I. vii. 163 After acting as godfather, I trained up to town for the Committee of Privileges.

1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 2 Apr. 4/2 So exhausted were the men from the effect of the previous day's ride,..that all trained from Winchester to Farnham.

1904 L. Woolf Let. 28 Dec. (1990) 69 I leave..Sunday, training all that day to a place called Anuradhapure & then having to travel two days in a bullock cart through the jungle.

1944 Billboard 2 Sept. 18/2 Org's officials..are skedded to train in from New York for the one-day session.

2009 S. W. Olds Super Granny Introd. p. xvi We are more likely to drive, bike, train, or fly to visit our grandchildren..than they are to come to us.

b. transitive with it. colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > [verb (intransitive)]

rail1842

railroad1842

railway1855

train1856

train1888

1888 Harper's Mag. Nov. 954/2 From Aberdeen to Edinburgh we trained it by easy stages.

1913 H. James Let. 7 June in H. James & E. Wharton Lett. (1990) vi. 255 I trained it down in time for tea, & came away again just as dinner had ended.

1947 Billboard 15 Feb. 53/1 Ida E. Cohen was grounded in Chicago's recent storm, so she trained it to Nashville.

2004 S. Shea & G. Castle Wrigley Field vi. 155 Both teams then trained it back to Detroit.

15. transitive. To take by train, transport by railway. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > [verb (transitive)] > convey by railway

rail1861

train1886

railroad1891

1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 July 14/1 Ship it [sc. sewage] to Ireland..and let Paddy cart or train it away..to his potato patch or cornfield.

1892 Field 28 May 783/2 Ship the canoe on to the railway and train it right up the Wye valley.

a1922 M. Asquith in Women's Writing First World War (1999) 34 The Germans had trained off to Germany all his wife's clothes and underclothes, and all his own wine.

Phrasal verbs

With adverbs in specialized senses. to train down

Originally slang.

1. transitive. To reduce, or reduce the weight or strength of, by exercise and diet, or by hard work.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > training > train or coach [verb (transitive)] > weaken

to train down1819

1819 T. Moore Tom Crib's Memorial to Congress 14 For they saw, notwithstanding Crib's honest endeavour To train down the crummy [footnote Fat], 'twas monstrous as ever!

1835 Amer. Turf Reg. & Sporting Mag. July 577 It was known that she had been trained down,..yet in the second heat she was not beaten more than half a length.

1879 Spectator 7 June 720 The beasts, always worn, for that terrible, incessant pulling trains them down almost visibly.

1916 M. Aldrich Told in French Garden v. 120 This was one of the periods in him which I knew so well—when a passion for work was on him, and the fever and fervor of creation trained him down like a racehorse.

1962 Life 15 June 104/2 He stands 5 ft. 11 in. and weighs 170 pounds trained down.

2001 Indianapolis Monthly Aug. 112/2 I start from scratch with a horse, introduce him to the harness and a sulky, jog him for miles and miles to get him in condition, then start training him down till he is fast enough to race.

2. intransitive. To reduce one's weight, or lose weight, by exercise and diet, or by hard work.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > slim shape or physique > slim [verb (intransitive)] > thin > by training

waste1761

to train down1838

1838 Sportsman Aug. 96/2 Gentlemen of nervous irritability ought to train down a little before they go on a Welch journey.

1848 Farmer's Mag. Dec. 478 She..has straight quarters, and runs very light in the bone—training down, in fact, to a very wiry, but not by any means a handsome animal.

1866 A. Maclaren Training 22 Under it a powerful man dwindles; and this, not from ‘training down’ as the phrase goes.

1908 Atlantic Monthly Jan. 24/1 ‘You've trained so hard, child. You've trained down to a point where it's dangerous for you to try to live.’ ‘Trained down, grandmother? I am very well.’

1956 Muscle Power Mar. 5/1 Vince Gironda,..shown here after training down from 180 lbs. to 165 lbs.

2006 A. J. Pollack John L. Sullivan iv. 28 Generally, fighters intentionally trained down in weight for London Prize Ring fights because the fights could last indefinitely.

to train off

1. intransitive. To get out of condition, lose form; to lose strength or skill by overtraining or overwork.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > be in ill health [verb (intransitive)] > become unfit

to train off1776

society > leisure > sport > training > train [verb (intransitive)] > get into specific condition by training

to train on1767

to train off1810

cross-train1984

1776 E. Topham Lett. from Edinb. 98 When they are young they dance extremely well; but afterwards (to speak in the language of the turf) they train off.

1810 Sporting Mag. 36 230 A hard round,..that convinced the judges of boxing that Blake had trained off.

1859 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 20 330 The second [prize] bull, ‘Marmaduke’, has trained off; still there is a good expression about him.

1901 S. Dixon From Gladiateur to Persimmon 81 After three races at Goodwood, all of which he won, he not unnaturally became stale and trained off.

2008 B. F. Cayzer Murder by Med. xi. 93 Good Harvest had trained off after winning the Metropolitan Handicap and was just beginning to come back.

2. intransitive (a) To go away, withdraw; (b) to veer off.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > retire, withdraw, or retreat

withdraw1297

recoilc1330

give place1382

arrear1399

to draw backa1400

resortc1425

adrawc1450

recedec1450

retraya1470

returna1470

rebut1481

wyke1481

umbedrawc1485

retreata1500

retract1535

retire1542

to give back1548

regress1552

to fall back?1567

peak1576

flinch1578

to fall offa1586

to draw off1602

to give ground1607

retrograde1613

to train off1796

to beat a retreat1861

to back off1938

the world > space > direction > point or lie in a direction [verb (intransitive)] > incline in a direction > obliquely

wryc1374

slant1698

angle1835

to train off1891

1796 R. Heber Let. 8 Dec. in Heber Lett. (1950) iii. 100 Mr. Pulestone..after having made love to Miss Owen..for some time and the wedding day being fix'd, has left her in the lurch and trained off.

1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. I. 48 James gradually trained off from the party.

1833 T. Hook Widow ii, in Love & Pride I. 30 They [sc. suitors] had trained off, upon finding..that Harriet's boasted fortune was visionary.

1870 W. E. Gladstone Let. 21 Nov. in Gladstone-Granville Corr. 164 All factious R.C.'s will train off from us as we shall have no more justice to do them.

1891 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) To train off, to go off obliquely: said of the flight of a shot.

1988 T. Cunliffe Topsail & Battleaxe (1998) 37 Chris had trained off to the eastward..looking like a condemned man.

3. transitive. To reduce or shed by exercise and diet.

ΚΠ

1874 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 68 459 The first must train off all his fat to keep his flesh from puffing up under the brutal pounding to which it is exposed.

1891 R. Kipling Light that Failed viii. 165 You're disgracefully out of condition,..pure tallow born of over-feeding. Train it off, Dickie.

1958 Baseball Digest July 78/1 It was after his first big league season that an anonymous Detroit writer reported that Fothergill had ‘trained off his total weight’.

2003 M. K. Campbell & S. O. Farrell Biochem. (ed. 4) xvi. 540/2 It is easier and healthier to train off the weight than to diet off the weight.

to train on

intransitive. To improve in condition or form with training, to become more proficient.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > training > train [verb (intransitive)] > get into specific condition by training

to train on1767

to train off1810

cross-train1984

1767 G. Selwyn Let. 29 Dec. in 15th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS App. vi. 225 in Parl. Papers 1897 (C. 8551) LI. i Lord Beauchamp trains on well, as they say, but il n' a pas le moyen de plaire.

1789 Loiterer 6 June 7 He trained on famously well, and would soon be a very dashing man.

1815 Ld. Byron Let. 10 Jan. (1975) IV. 252 It is impossible to read what you have lately done..without seeing that you have trained on tenfold.

1842 Sporting Mag. May 23 How he has trained on since his arrival at Ascot Heath I have not the means of knowing.

1888 Wallace's Monthly Feb. 936/2 The premier stallion is Bermuda, known as one of the greatest of young trotters bred in any State. He trotted early and trained on.

1937 Daily Tel. 15 Oct. 23/3 He..trained on into a first-rate College oar.

1976 Horse & Hound 10 Dec. 48/2 (advt.) A good sire of fast 2-year-olds that train on.

2003 A. Hunter Amer. Classic Pedigrees xi. 441 He trained on well at four to take the Razorback (gr. III), Oaklawn (gr. II), and Suburban (gr. I) handicaps.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	train
释义	† trainn.¹ Forms: Middle English trane (northern), Middle English treigne, Middle English treyn, Middle English treyne, Middle English–1600s trayn, Middle English–1600s trayne, Middle English–1600s (1700s archaic) traine, 1500s–1800s train; also Scottish pre-1700 traine, pre-1700 tran, pre-1700 trane, pre-1700 trayn, pre-1700 trayne. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French traïne. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman trayne, Anglo-Norman and Middle French traïne deceit, treachery (last quarter of the 12th cent. in Old French; in Middle French also occasionally as masculine noun traiin (c1380 in a text from Liège)) < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French traïr to betray (see tray v.²) + -ine -ine suffix⁴; compare similarly haïne hate (see haine n.), saisine seisin n.With withouten train compare Old French sans traïne (13th cent.). With false train compare Old French fause traïne (mid 13th cent.). Senses 2, 3, 4 appear to be unparalleled in French and to show contextual semantic developments within English. In later use, these senses were probably associated with train n.² 5a and train n.² 15, respectively. With sense 4 compare later train n.² 26b, and see discussion at that entry. Obsolete. 1. a. Treachery, guile, deceit, trickery; prevarication.The use in quot. 1831 probably shows an archaizing revival of earlier uses in the same sense. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > treachery or treason > [noun] lewnessc1175 treachery?c1225 culvertshipa1250 falsedom1297 felony1297 traitorhead1303 traitory1303 falsenessc1330 falsityc1330 trainc1390 traitorhoodc1470 covin1487 traitorousness1571 Punic faith1590 traitorism1591 treacherousness1610 traitorship1645 bad faith1653 treasonableness1679 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [noun] swikec893 swikedomc893 dwalec950 braida1000 falsec1000 flerdc1000 swikelnessa1023 fakenOE chuffingc1175 fikenungc1175 bipechingc1200 treachery?c1225 falseshipc1230 guilec1230 telingc1230 swikeheada1250 craftc1275 felony1297 wrench1297 deceitc1300 gabc1300 guiling13.. guilery1303 quaintisec1325 wrenk1338 beswiking1340 falsehood1340 abetc1350 wissing1357 wilec1374 faitery1377 faiting1377 tregetryc1380 fallacec1384 trainc1390 coverture1393 facrere1393 ficklenessc1397 falsagea1400 tregeta1400 abusionc1405 blearingc1405 deceptionc1430 mean?c1430 tricotc1430 obreption1465 fallacy1481 japery1496 gauderya1529 fallax1530 conveyance1531 legerdemain1532 dole1538 trompe1547 joukery1562 convoyance1578 forgery1582 abetment1586 outreaching1587 chicanery1589 falsery1594 falsity1603 fubbery1604 renaldry1612 supercherie1621 circumduction1623 fobbinga1627 dice-play1633 beguile1637 fallaxitya1641 ingannation1646 hocus1652 renardism1661 dodgerya1670 knapping1671 trap1681 joukery-pawkery1686 jugglery1699 take-in1772 tripotage1779 trickery1801 ruse1807 dupery1816 nailing1819 pawkery1820 hanky-panky1841 hokey-pokey1847 suck-in1856 phenakisma1863 skulduggery1867 sharp practice1869 dodginess1871 jiggery-pokery1893 flim-flammery1898 runaround1915 hanky1924 to give the go-around1925 Scandiknavery1927 the twist1933 hype1955 mamaguy1971 society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > treachery > [noun] swikec893 swikedomc893 swikelnessa1023 lewnessc1175 treachery?c1225 treason?c1225 culvertshipa1250 swikeheada1250 swikeldoma1250 swikelhedea1250 felony1297 traitorhead1303 traitory1303 falsenessc1330 trainc1390 proditionc1425 traitorhoodc1470 covin1487 practicea1513 tradiment1535 traitorousness1571 Punic faith1590 traitorism1591 perfidy1592 perfidiousness1597 perfidity1607 treacherousness1610 traitorship1645 Carthaginian faith1711 c1390 (?a1350) Trental St. Gregory (Vernon(1)) l. 123 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 265 (MED) Þeos masses..schullen auayle, Wiþ þe ȝeer wiþ-outen treyne Diliueren a soule ful out of peyne. a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (Galba) (1907) l. 185 Sawles..he [sc. Satan] had tane with traine. a1425 Shrewsbury Fragm. in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 6 We schal hom tell, withouten trayn, Bothe word and werk, how hit was. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. x. 101 Do wa, Ioseph..Turne home to thi spouse agane; Look thou deme in hir no trane, For she was neuer fylde. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3789 Ulexes..falsest in his fare, and full of disseit, Vndertaker of treyne, of talkyng but litill. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vi. sig. F5 Thou cursed Miscreaunt, That hast with knightlesse guile and trecherous train Faire knighthood fowly shamed. a1600 Floddan Field (1664) vii. 70 Trusting his talk was void of trayne. 1615 in J. R. N. Macphail Highland Papers (1920) III. 255 Be traine of a craftie fellow..the constable of the castell..was broght furth. 1831 J. Hogg in Blackwood's Mag. Nov. 844 Hurra! The day's my own—I'm free Of statemen's guile an' flattery's train. b. An act or scheme designed to deceive or entrap, a trick, stratagem, artifice, wile. Also: a lie, a false story. N.E.D. placed quots. ?1553¹, ?1553² at train n.² 24 and glossed for a train as ‘for a while, for a little time’, but the fuller context, with references also to ‘bait’ and ‘trap’, shows the earlier interpretation to be mistaken. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [noun] > a trick, deception wrenchc888 swikec893 braida1000 craftOE wile1154 crookc1175 trokingc1175 guile?c1225 hocket1276 blink1303 errorc1320 guileryc1330 sleightc1340 knackc1369 deceitc1380 japec1380 gaudc1386 syllogism1387 mazec1390 mowa1393 train?a1400 trantc1400 abusionc1405 creekc1405 trickc1412 trayc1430 lirtc1440 quaint?a1450 touch1481 pawka1522 false point?1528 practice1533 crink1534 flim-flamc1538 bobc1540 fetcha1547 abuse1551 block1553 wrinklec1555 far-fetch?a1562 blirre1570 slampant1577 ruse1581 forgery1582 crank1588 plait1589 crossbite1591 cozenage1592 lock1598 quiblin1605 foist1607 junt1608 firk1611 overreach?1615 fob1622 ludification1623 knick-knacka1625 flam1632 dodge1638 gimcrack1639 fourbe1654 juggle1664 strategy1672 jilt1683 disingenuity1691 fun1699 jugglementa1708 spring1753 shavie1767 rig?1775 deception1794 Yorkshire bite1795 fakement1811 fake1829 practical1833 deceptivity1843 tread-behind1844 fly1861 schlenter1864 Sinonism1864 racket1869 have1885 ficelle1890 wheeze1903 fast one1912 roughie1914 spun-yarn trick1916 fastie1931 phoney baloney1933 fake-out1955 okey-doke1964 mind-fuck1971 the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > a wile or cunning device > designed to trap or catch gina1325 pitfallc1390 train?a1400 catch1799 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 295 Þe kyng of Almayn..He mad a fals trayn..He sent Edward to say, help him mot he nouht. a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (Galba) (1907) l. 863 Þai..say þat..his appostels..stale þe cors oway..and furth þai talde þis traine, and ilk man trowed þam wele. a1425 (?c1375) N. Homily Legendary (Harl.) in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 15 Now wote I wele, þou es vntrew..I trow ȝowr law be bot a trayne. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 4904 (MED) Dredynge ay þat þese ilke tweyne Be som engyn or conspired treyne To þe Grekes wolden hym be-tray. c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) l. 11738 (MED) Þen sall ȝe trest þat I am trew, And þat his tales es bot a trayn. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 511 By the traynys of thes ladyes, who that may fyrste mete ony of these two knyghtes, they shulde turne hem unto Morgan le Fayes castell. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxii. 286 What, and wold thou trus with sich a trane? Nay, fatur, thou shall be full fayn This forward to fulfyll. ?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Cv^v Mortymer was by a trayne taken in the castell of Notyngham. ?1553 Respublica* (1952) v. vii. 55 Thei wilbe heare soone, byde youe theim here for a traine. ?1553 Respublica (1952) v. ix. 57 I leafte people heare for atraine to holde them talke. 1587 R. Greene Euphues sig. E2 Feared that hir husbands promises were but traynes to reuenge. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 119 Diuellish Macbeth, By many of these traines, hath sought to win me Into his power. View more context for this quotation 1692 tr. Sallust Wks. 116 He toyls, provides, and..sets all his Trains and Engines at work by Treachery to ruine Hiempsal. 1739 G. Ogle Gualtherus & Griselda 23 An artless Mind, Unpractis'd in the Trains of Womankind. 1767 W. J. Mickle Concubine ii. xlvi The Nymph..With wylie Traines the Sonnes of Earth besett. a1838 J. Fitchett King Alfred (1842) IV. xxvi. 79 Guthrun's empery..Not less on war depending, than on watch Through wily trains and snares. 2. A trap or snare for catching wild animals. Also in figurative contexts. Now rare (archaic and poetic in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > trap or snare > [noun] grinc825 trapa1000 snarea1100 swikea1100 granea1250 springec1275 gina1300 gnarea1325 stringc1325 trebuchet1362 latch?a1366 leashc1374 snarlc1380 foot gina1382 foot-grina1382 traina1393 sinewa1400 snatcha1400 foot trapa1425 haucepyc1425 slingc1425 engine1481 swar1488 frame1509 brakea1529 fang1535 fall trap1570 spring1578 box-trapa1589 spring trapa1589 sprint1599 noosec1600 springle1602 springe1607 toil1607 plage1608 deadfall1631 puppy snatch1650 snickle1681 steel trap1735 figure (of) four1743 gun-trap1749 stamp1788 stell1801 springer1813 sprent1822 livetrap1823 snaphance1831 catch pole1838 twitch-up1841 basket-trap1866 pole trap1879 steel fall1895 tread-trap1952 conibear trap1957 conibear1958 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 4456 Bot if a king his wille Fro lustes of his fleissh restreigne, Ayein himself he makth a treigne, Into the which if that he slyde, Him were betre go besyde. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 4820 Of false entent to cacche vs in a trayne! a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 8153 Venus..ys the hunteresse..To take pylgrimes by som treyne And tenbracen in hyr cheyne. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) l. 773 The felde..to ouerse, That no maner trayne nor caltrop theryn wore To noy nor hurt hym. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 282/2 Trayne a trappe, atrappe. 1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades ii. 22 But I sée he hath laid a traine to trappe vs if he might. 1624 F. Quarles Sions Elegies sig. E^v I seeke my peace, but seeke my peace in vaine. For euery way's a Trap; each path's a Traine. a1630 D. Hume Hist. Houses Douglas & Angus (1644) 30 Fearing..that there was some train laid for them, he turned about to have retired into the Castle. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 569 Vain Fool, and Coward,..Caught in the Train, which thou thy self hast laid. 1720 T. Newlin 18 Serm. Several Occasions 28 Envy is another pernicious Quality, that disposes Men to perfidious Dealing, and inclines them to lay trains and snares to injure the Person that is the Object of it. 1799 C. B. Brown Edgar Huntly I. vi. 132 Why was not some intimation afforded me of the snares that lay in my path? In the train laid for my destruction, the agent had so skilfully contrived that my security was not molested by the faintest omen. 1821 W. Hazlitt Table-talk 75 The impression of the trains that had been laid for him by this person. 3. A thing designed to lure an animal into a trap or snare; a lure, bait, decoy. Also in figurative contexts. Cf. train n.² 15. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > [noun] > one who or that which > that which lurec1385 baitc1400 traina1425 allective1445 allurement1548 lodestone?1577 attractive1581 invites1615 magnetic1645 magnet1655 invitatory1666 track1672 glittering prize1713 catch1781 the rainbow's end1846 carrot1895 come-on1902 the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > trap or snare > [noun] > bait > trail of traina1425 a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) vi. 39 Þei houleth..whann þei be yonge wolfes..or whann men layenn traynes for hem to acharne hem to take hem. c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) l. 6981 A Tigre..ys deceyved by merours Which the hountys for socours Caste in the way[e] for a treyne. 1548 T. Cranmer Catechismus sig. Nj^v Thou mayst make no traynes to brynge him in to thy snare. 1561 F. Coxe Short Treat. Wickednesse Magicall Sci. sig. A.vii^v Astrologie..is Malorum esca, the very bayte or trayne to fer greater mischeues. 1602 Hist. Eng. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) II. 464 The barbarous people..leaving their cattle abroad, as a train, to draw them [sc. the Romans] within danger. 1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation iv. ix. 136/2 Strew a little Barley, Oats, or Wheat in those little Tracts for a Train, and in some likely place lay five or six handfuls together, to which they [sc. pheasants] will come, as being drawn thither by the Train; then provide for them after this manner: Plant your Pocket-Net. 1735 Sportsman's Dict. II. at Pheasant-taking Scatter a few corns, which may serve as a train to draw on the game to the great heap in the middle of the sticks. 4. A live bird attached to a line, or a lame and disabled bird, given as an enticement to a young hawk during its training. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > falconry or hawking equipment > [noun] > lure, etc. lurec1440 watchc1450 toll1486 train1496 1496 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 287 Giffin to the man that brocht tua quyk herounis to the king, to mak tranys to halkis,..ix s. 1496 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 291 Item, for a duke to be a trane to a halk..xij d. 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 117 When a Sparowhawke is manned and reclaymed, then giue her nine or ten traynes at the least, and when she killeth, feede hir vp alwayes. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Tome, a traine with a lame and disarmed Heron, for the making of a young Faulcon. 1674 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation ii. 120 Because Herns are not very plentiful, you may preserve one for a Train three or four times, by arming Bill, Head, and Neck, and painting it of the same colour that the Hern is of: and when the Faulcon seizeth her, you must..deceive her by a live Pidgeon clapt under the Wing of the Hern for the Faulcon, which must be her Reward. 1753 Country Gentleman's Compan. II. 45 When the Hawk offers to go to the Stand, let him who is next her cast out his Train, and if she kill it, reward her. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). trainn.² Brit. /treɪn/, U.S. /treɪn/ Forms: α. Middle English treine, Middle English trene, Middle English treyne, Middle English–1600s trane, Middle English–1600s trayn, Middle English–1600s trayne, 1500s treane, 1500s–1700s traine, 1500s– train, 1600s trea (Irish English), 1900s– treen (Welsh English); Scottish pre-1700 traine, pre-1700 trajne, pre-1700 trane, pre-1700 trayn, pre-1700 trayne, pre-1700 treyne, pre-1700 1700s– train; N.E.D. (1914) also records a form late Middle English traine. β. Scottish pre-1700 trin, pre-1700 tryn, pre-1700 trynde, pre-1700 tryne. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French train ; French trene ; train v.¹ Etymology: Partly (i) < Anglo-Norman and Middle French train (French train ), masculine ( < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French trainer : see train v.¹); partly (ii) < Anglo-Norman trene, treine, treigne, Anglo-Norman and Middle French traine (French traîne ), feminine ( < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French trainer : see train v.¹); and partly (iii) < train v.¹ The French masculine noun train is attested in the following relevant senses: ‘objects or dead bodies with which an area of land is strewn, viewed collectively’ (c1165 in Old French; obsolete after 13th cent.), ‘succession of people or moving things’ (12th cent.), ‘band, company’ (late 12th cent.), ‘delay, dilatory conduct’ (only 12th–13th cent. in Anglo-Norman and Old French), ‘course of action, way of life’ (c1180), ‘animals of burden and carriages following an army and carrying its equipment and food’ (c1220), ‘elongated back of a robe or skirt, also a separate piece of material attached to the back of a formal dress’ (13th cent.), ‘body of attendants, retainers, or followers’ (c1225), ‘series, succession, sequence (of events or actions)’ (14th cent.), ‘course or manner of movement of a horse or other riding animal’ (c1385), ‘line or trail on a surface’ (end of the 14th cent. or earlier), ‘trail or track of an animal’ (15th cent.), ‘chassis of a vehicle’ (1467), ‘domestic servants collectively’ (16th cent.), ‘movement’ (second half of the 16th cent.), ‘carriage of a printing press’ (1576 in the passage translated in quot. 1594 at sense 4b), ‘artillery and other equipment for a battle or siege, with the vehicles carrying them and the soldiers in attendance, following or ready to follow an army’ (1694), ‘rate of beats of a clock or watch’ (1759). In its use with reference to railways, French train (1829 in this sense) is after English. The French feminine noun traine is attested in the following relevant senses: ‘delay, act of tarrying’ (late 13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), ‘elongated back of a robe or skirt, also a separate piece of material attached to the back of a formal dress’ (first third of the 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman; compare similar use of Old Occitan traina; there is apparently no direct continuity with French traîne (1867 in this sense)), ‘drag net, seine’ (1553; compare similar use of Old Occitan traina). Compare Old Occitan tragin, train, masculine, tragina, traina, feminine, Catalan tragí, masculine (1359), tragina, feminine (1277), Spanish trajín, masculine (1590 as †tragín; < Catalan), traina, feminine (first half of the 15th cent.), Italian traino, masculine (a1400), traina, feminine (14th cent. in an apparently isolated attestation in a gran traine ‘with great commotion, in an agitated way’, subsequently from the 16th cent.), in a variety of senses all connected with dragging, movement, or transport, some of them paralleling English or French senses.The Older Scots form trynde at β. forms shows alteration after the rhyming word, mynde mind n.¹ In sense 3b after Middle French trainee (1493 in this sense; French (now hist.) traînée ). With sense 5a compare Middle French trainee (1406 in this sense; Middle French, French traînée ). In sense 10a(b) after Middle French trainée (1568 (in the passage translated in quot. 1579) or earlier in this sense; French trainée ). In sense 15 probably a semantic development of train n.¹ 3; compare French trainée , in same sense, and also train n.¹ 4. With sense 24, compare later train v.¹ 2a, and (with the semantic motivation) tract n.³ 1a, 1b. In sense 26b, which is unparalleled in French, probably after train n.¹ 4. In to set in train, to put in train at sense 17b after Middle French mettre en train (15th cent.). I. Denoting an elongated thing regarded primarily as undivided, without emphasis on its parts, especially when dragged or trailed. †1. A branch or shoot of a tree. Also figurative. Obsolete.In quot. c1390 with a play on sense 8. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > [noun] > bough or branch boughc1000 limbOE brancha1300 trainc1390 grain1513 palm1559 arm1579 stem1584 lug-pole1773 hag wood1804 hag1808 tree branch1851 rame1858 c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 625 (MED) Mayden, Meoke and Mylde, God haþ taken in þe his fleschly trene; I [sc. Rood] bar þi fruit leoþi and lene. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iii. l. 921 (MED) Men graffeth of theyr [sc. apple trees'] toppes & their treynes [v.r. tranys; L. talea] That werk or seelde auaile or sone yslayn ys. 2. a. An elongated back of a robe or skirt, or a separate long piece of material attached at the back of formal dress, which trails behind on the ground.Historically worn by women when in full formal dress, now often as part of a bridal gown; worn also as part of the robes of sovereigns and high officials for state occasions; sometimes held up by a page or attendant. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > train tail1297 traina1393 traila1400 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 621 (MED) Thus despute I loves lore..Bot stomble upon myn oghne treine And make an ekinge of my peine. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 499 Trayle, or trayne of a clothe, sirina. c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 612/22 Sirma, i. cauda vestis feminarum, a trayne. c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 564/42 Appendicium, a lady trayne et a pendaunt of a gyrdyll. a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1908) II. 299 Next folowed our seid souerayn lady, & the Duches of Buk[yngham] bere here Treyne. 1570 Bk. Precedence (Harl. 1440) in F. J. Furnivall Queene Elizabethes Achademy (1869) 26 A Baronesse may haue no trayne borne; but haueing a goune with a trayne, she ought to beare it her selfe. 1577 tr. ‘F. de L'Isle’ Legendarie sig. Bvj Would you..wishe that of her who by duetie ought euen to cary vp my trayne I should make my sister in Law? 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 168 The ordinary Citizens Wiues haue their gownes made with long traines, which are pinned vp in the house. 1690 J. Crowne Eng. Frier v. 47 Madam, speak to the Ladies now I am here, to let down their Trains, 'tis not manners in the presence of a man o' my quality, to cock up their tayls. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 42. ¶1 The broad sweeping Train that follows her in all her Motions, and finds constant Employment for a Boy who stands behind her to open and spread it to Advantage. 1791–3 in Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1799) I. 138 He trod on her crape train. a1817 J. Austen Northanger Abbey (1818) I. v. 60 They..pinned up each other's train for the dance. View more context for this quotation 1858 J. Doran Hist. Court Fools 117 The period when ladies in England first wore trains [sc. the time of Richard II]. 1886 B. P. Poore Perley's Reminisc. II. xliv. 501 Admiral Rogers and Mrs. D. Willis James, who wore cardinal velvet, with court train, over a white satin and lace petticoat; Hon. Edward Cooper, of New York, and Miss Love, who wore white satin, with black velvet train; [etc.]. 1927 Daily Tel. 19 July 13/2 The bride will wear a picture dress of ivory faille, with a train of old Brussels lace which belonged to her great-grandmother. 1963 M. R. Martin Charleston Ghosts ix. 54 With a swift jerk, she stabbed the cane blindly into the ground and, clutching her skirts, tried to lift her train so she could flee. 2007 G. Forster Getting some of her Own 289 As she walked up the aisle, the long train of her ivory-silk bridal gown swept aside the petals. b. The tail of a comet; (also) a luminous trail left by the passage of a meteor through the atmosphere. Also in figurative contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > constellation > comet or meteor > comet > [noun] > tail streamc1368 crest1387 train1559 beard1563 tail1572 streamer1621 antitail1957 the world > the universe > constellation > comet or meteor > meteor > [noun] > trail train1559 fire flag1798 meteor streak1869 meteor trail1895 1559 J. Heywood tr. Seneca Troas ii. iii. sig. C.iii^v Calchas..to whom the thunder clap, And blasing starre with flaming traine, betokeneth what shall hap. 1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge i. iii. sig. B3 A blazing Comet shot his threatning traine. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. i. 106 + 10 As starres with traines of fier, and dewes of blood Disasters in the sunne. 1663 J. Spencer Disc. Prodigies (1665) 32 The luminous tail or train of a Comet..seems to the eye of ignorance the emblem of a flaming sword, or firy rod. 1784 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 74 210 The train, which remains after the meteor is gone, and delineates perfectly its track through the heavens. 1827 Harvard Reg. Apr. 47 At times the guiding form outflew my weary thought and gleamed on high, like a comet's train beside some far-off star. 1858 G. P. Bond Acct. Donati's Comet 31 Its situation in the latter part of its course afforded also a fair sight of the curvature of the train. 1916 Atlantic Monthly June 775/2 In the East the great train of the comet was drawn across the sky like a second milky way. 1964 A. Nin Collages 59 His women became comets, trailing long nebulous trains, erratic members of the solar system. 2006 P. Jenniskens Meteor Showers & their Parent Comets xv. 225 One fireball just before dawn..created a spectacular persistent train. c. The tail or tail feathers of a bird, esp. when long and trailing, as the elongated tail coverts of a peacock; (Falconry) the tail of a hawk. Formerly also: †the tail of a quadruped or other animal; cf. sense 7b; (obsolete).peacock-train: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [noun] > tail train1575 the world > animals > animal body > general parts > rump and tail > [noun] > tail > of a quadruped train1575 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 10 A meane to auoyde this inconuenience, is to sowe the feathers of hir trayne together, to the end she may not spread them abroade. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. May 281 His tayle he [sc. the fox] clapt betwixt his legs twayne, Lest he should be descried by his trayne. 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. xv. 136 The Lion is one colour, shaggy brested, with a certaine tuft of haire in his traine. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iii. vii. 7 Let frantike Talbot triumph for a while, And like a Peacock sweepe along his tayle, Wee'le pull his Plumes, and take away his Trayne. 1694 Philos. Trans. 1693 (Royal Soc.) 17 992 Their Turtle-doves..the whole Train is longer much than the Tails of our Pidgeons. 1771 G. White Let. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 92 The trains of those magnificent birds [sc. peacocks]..growing not from their uropygium, but all up their backs. 1852 R. F. Burton Falconry in Valley of Indus viii. 76 A splendid goshawk,..with..a queenly train. 1883 Times 11 June 4/5 A splendid peacock with a luxuriant train of eye-spotted feathers. 1915 Lotus 7 26/1 The falcon's tail is her ‘train’; and the two central feathers of it are ‘deck feathers’. 1997 Past & Present No. 157. 43 In 1605, Sir John Roper found a rare black falcon with thirteen train feathers for Viscount Cranborne. 2001 Bird Keeper Feb. 29/1 Obviously an aviary will have to be fairly large so as not to damage the impressive train—which is not the tail—of the male. 3. a. With of indicating composition. (a) A line or trail on a surface; (b) spec. a line of gunpowder, etc. (see sense 3b); also figurative and in figurative contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > linearity > [noun] > a linear object or mark linec1290 train?1440 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 852 (MED) For auntis eek an oulis herte auayle is To putte vppon her bed, and al the route A trayne of chalk or askis holdith oute. 1522 Petition in Lett. & Papers Foreign & Domest. Henry VIII (1929) Add. I. i. 113 As your said oratour was making of a trayne of gonpowder to set the seid shipp on fyre one John Moysse..in the meane tyme sett fyre on the hepe of gonpowder. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxviii The Frenchmen..made traynes of gunpouder from strete to strete. c1600 Hist. & Life James VI (1825) 6 They..then kendlit thair trayne of gun poulder. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. 315 A traine of powder about the touch-hole [of a gun]. a1686 T. Watson Body Pract. Divinity (1692) 472 He laid a train of temptation to blow up the castle of Jobs Faith. 1713 J. Trapp Peace 4 No less at home were Trains of Treason laid, No less th' Artillery of Malice plaid. 1780 M. P. Andrews Fire & Water ii. iii. 38 Zounds! don't come near me for the world. He's a train of gunpowder, a walking firework! a1818 M. G. Lewis Jrnl. W. India Proprietor (1834) 172 He had a barn lighted by a large sash window, and into this he laid a train of corn, hiding some servants with guns behind the large doors. 1839 J. Towers Domest. Gardener's Man. (new ed.) 424 As soon as the young lettuces emerge from the ground, scatter a train of powdered quick-lime along, and at about an inch or two from the rows on each side, and at the ends, so as entirely to surround them. 1884 C. E. Cheney Young Folks' Hist. Civil War iv. 56 The last thing that was done was to lay a train of powder to the barracks and to the ships. 1943 J. C. Miller Origins Amer. Revol. x. 250 After the Townshend duties had produced an explosion in the colonies that rocked the empire, many members of Parliament wondered how it happened that they had unwittingly lighted this train of gunpowder. 2006 S. Benton Last Train from Richmond xxv. 193 Two barrels will do it. I'll use a train of powder for a fuse. I'll run it along the cat walk to the end of the trestle. b. A line of gunpowder or other combustible substance laid so as to take a flame to a mine or charge in order to explode it. Also figurative and in figurative contexts.Compare gunpowder train n. at gunpowder n. Compounds 1a(a). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > explosive for use with firearms > in specific form or state corn-powder1562 train1587 meal-powder1782 green charge1825 gunpowder cake1839 mill-cake1839 presscake1839 pellet powder1868 prismatic powder1869 pebble powder1870 pebble1872 prismatic1894 1522 Petition in Lett. & Papers Foreign & Domest. Henry VIII (1929) Add. I. i. 113 As your said oratour was making of a trayne of gonpowder to set the seid shipp on fyre one John Moysse, not having perfytte knowledge of the ordering of the seid trayne, in the meane tyme sett fyre on the hepe of gonpowder.] 1587 R. Hakluyt tr. R. de Laudonnière Notable Hist. Foure Voy. Florida ii. f. 32^v He with certayne others resolued to hide a litle barrel of gunne-powder vnderneath my bed, and by a trayne [Fr. trainee] to set it on fire. 1605 Ld. Salisbury Let. 9 Nov. in Catal. Select. Stowe MSS (1883) 41 There was found likewise some quantitye of small pouder, for to make a trayne, and a peece of match and a tynder boxe to haue fired the trayne. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. 315 Above it [sc. the touch-hole of a gun] a night-house to keep the trayne dry. 1677 W. Hughes Man of Sin i. i. 4 A Mine was made, and Train was laid hereby for blowing up the Gospel it self. 1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 108 Placing..Barrels of Powder at the Foot of them, to which they give Fire, by Trains laid for that purpose. 1798 in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. p. clviii She [sc. a ship] was set on fire by a train. 1839 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 2 45/1 We were fortunate enough to witness two of these blasting operations... The order for firing the train given... In a few seconds after the ignition of the train, a rumbling sound, like that of..distant thunder was heard, and the..whole mass was lifted bodily from its base. 1850 G. Grote Hist. Greece VII. ii. lxi. 517 He..had already laid his train..for revolt. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xxi. 549 The spark had fallen: the train was ready: the explosion was immediate and terrible. After a tumultuous debate [etc.]. 1916 E. Lipson Europe in XIXth Cent. iv. 142 This new development..reached its zenith with the news of the revolutions at Paris and Vienna, news which fired the train already laid in Hungary. 1921 S. Ashmead-Bartlett From Somme to Rhine 38 We also discovered two shells buried under the cross-roads outside our Headquarters with a ‘burning’ fuse attached. Apparently the enemy had left in too great a hurry to light the train. 2000 G. A. Fletcher Understanding Dennis Robertson iii. xvii. 243 Chambers and Darwin had set the charge and lit the train. †4. A thing that drags or moves something else. a. A rope for dragging a plough or harrow. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > other ploughing equipment trainc1450 rod bat1842 sidewiper1842 porter1864 stubble-turner1875 c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 566/25 Attractorium, a trayne, sed melius a trays. 1798 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XX. 260 The harrows are drawn side-ways by a train or side rope (like that used in a plough). b. The carriage of a printing press. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > carriage train1594 type-carriage1825 coffin1888 1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy Interchangeable Course ii. f. 22 He maketh the train [Fr. train] of the presse to roule [etc.]. 5. An object that is dragged. †a. Hunting. An object dragged along the ground to make a scent or trail; a drag. Cf. sense 15. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > [noun] > drag train1558 train-scent1593 trail-scent1682 trail1763 drag1841 scent bag1889 1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos vii. sig. U.j There sodenly, among his houndes, this virgyn vyle of Hell Did cast a trayne, and by the sute their noses fyld with smell, A hart to find and rouse. 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxvi. 187 Take a skynne of Bacon..and when it is well broyled..dippe it and puddle it in this sawce..and make a trayn therewith, and..if there be a Foxe neare to any place where the trayne is drawne, he will followe it. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 681 The hunters in some Countries..make a traine with a Hogges liuer sodde, cut in pieces and annointed ouer with hony, and so annointing their shoos with swines grease, draw after them a dead catte, which will cause the beasts to follow after very speedily. †b. A drag net, a seine. Cf. train net n. at Compounds 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > drag-net dray-netc1000 pullc1303 draw-net1386 dredge1471 drag1481 dragneta1542 train1576 tug-net1584 trainel1585 draught-net1630 trawl-net1697 trail1711 trawl1759 trail-net1820 pole trawl1836 train net1864 otter trawlc1870 turn-net1883 pair trawl1967 1576 A. Fleming tr. J. Caius Of Eng. Dogges 14 Such Dogges as serue for fowling... The first kinde of such serue the Hauke, The seconde, the net, or traine. 1610 Bible (Douay) II. Hab. i. 15 He drew it in his traine [L. sagena], and gathered it into his nette. 1693 in J. Ray Coll. Curious Trav. II. iv. 17 There is also the Hook and Bait-fishing up and down with long Lines; the Train and Hand-Nets, &c. 1784 A. M’Donell Let. 3 Aug. in Third Rep. Comm. Brit. Fisheries (House of Commons) (1785) 230 In the Evening I shot a small Train (Net) amongst them, and in about Half an Hour hauled 8 Barrels of very fine Fish. c. Navy and Military (now historical). The trail of a gun carriage: see trail n.¹ 5. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > gun carriage > [noun] > trail train1702 trail1768 bracket-trail1865 1702 F. Povey Sea-gunners Compan. 52 That your Ladles, and Spunges, and Worms be lasht and plac'd on the side of the Carriage of the Gun, and the Lockers that are made in the Train of your Carriage, have more or less Powder and Ball,..as may defend you upon any surprize of Ambushcade. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Crochets de retraite, the eye-bolts, in the train of a gun-carriage, wherein are hooked the relieving-tackles. 1839 W. Symonds Remark Bk. in J. A. Sharp Mem. Life & Services Rear-Admiral Sir W. Symonds (1858) vi. 229 I also saw a new kind of double roller for prising up the train of a gun to facilitate its running out. 1884 N. J. Floyd Thorns in Flesh xx. 329 ‘Eh? What!’ exclaimed the general, springing up from the train of a gun carriage, upon which he was sitting. 1938 Pop. Sci. Monthly Nov. 173/1 The blocks with eyes are hooked to staples in the waterways and the train of the carriage. d. Canadian. = traineau n. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on runners > [noun] > for transport of goods sleadc1374 draya1387 sled1388 slipe1488 slid1513 drag1576 sledge1684 skid1712 paddock1738 sleigh1748 train1783 bobsled1796 bobsleigh1841 bob1856 stone-boat1859 travois1873 slider1888 bobs1910 1783 Quebec Gaz. 22 May 2/1 No person shall come with traines, carts or other carriages, loaded with hay, straw or wood within the limits of the market-place. 1833 C. F. Hoffman Let. 26 Dec. in Winter in West (1835) I. 213 At last a train [note, a rough kind of sled] and a couple of carioles drove up to the door. 1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) Train (Fr. traineau), a peculiar kind of sleigh used for the transportation of merchandise, wood, etc., in Canada. 1918 G. C. Davidson North West Co. viii. 246 A train, or traineau, was a sledge made of a thin board, ten or twelve inches wide, and eight or ten feet long. 1969 in Dict. Newfoundland Eng. (1982) 577/2 A big boy piled a load [of fire wood] on a train. He then dragged it to the church and packed it in the required place at the back. The ‘train’ is a long sleigh locally built and was used mostly for country travel hitched to two dogs... It is a wooden sleigh strongly built and with ‘iron shoes’ (steel bands) along the bottom of the runners. An average size train was seven feet long, six or seven inches high and about two feet wide. 6. The track or trail of an animal. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animals hunted > trail > [noun] feutea1375 treadc1400 fewea1425 racka1467 train1568 foiling1575 slot1575 trail1590 fuse1611 piste1696 spoor1823 sign1851 slotting1909 1568 T. Hacket tr. A. Thevet New Found Worlde lxxvi. f. 124 They follow the footing of the Deere, and other wylde beastes in the Snowe,..and after that they haue founde out their trayne or footyng, they wil plant their braunches of Cedre which is greene there all the yeare long,..and there they wil hide them. 1645 B. Scudamore Let. in J. Jones Hereford (1858) ii. 30 One morning,..we had a cry of hounds in pursuit after the train of a fox about the walls of the citty. a1695 A. Wood Hist. & Antiq. Colleges & Halls Univ. Oxf. (1792) II. i. 160 In the Said Play was acted a Cry of Hounds in the Quadrant, upon the train of a Fox in the hunting of Theseus. 1700 in H. Playford Wit & Mirth II. 55 To Hunt the Fox is an old sport... They that think all Pleasures vain, Will sometimes follow..the Fox's Train. 1908 N. Hebrides Mag. Jan. 19 The natives with me saw the train of a turtle on the sand. They thought to capture it, but did not succeed. 7. literary. a. The current or course of a river, etc. Now rare.Quot. a1771 alludes to quot. 1667. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > course gangeOE streama1552 train1570 sweep1596 river channel1629 currency1657 thread1691 current1708 urn1726 river run1927 1570 W. Gibson Discription Nortons Falcehod (single sheet) If Riuers rage against the Sea. And swell with soddeine rayne: How glad are they to fall agayne, And trace their wonted traine? 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 306 Within those banks, where Rivers now Stream, and perpetual draw thir humid traine . View more context for this quotation 1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur ii. 39 Pure Crystal Rivers through the Meadows flow,..Their watry Train in Snaky Windings slides. a1771 T. Gray Fragm. Hymn to Ignorance 176 in Poems (1775) ii Perpetual draws his humid train of mud. 1808 W. Scott Marmion iii. Introd. 117 Like streamlet..winding slow its silver train. 1879 Oxf. High School Mag. Dec. 35 Carried along in the river's train, Ice and snow are melted again. 1907 W. A. Merrill in Lucretius De Rerum Natura Libri Sex 669 Agmine: the line of march or train of a river is the current. b. The elongated body of a large snake or dragon.See also serpent-train n. at serpent n. Compounds 1a(a). ΚΠ 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. 18 Tho wrapping vp her wrethed sterne arownd, Lept fierce vpon his shield, and her huge traine All suddenly about his body wound. 1607 R. Niccols Cuckow 34 Th'articke side, whereas the Dragons traine Diuides the wrathfull beares by Charles his waine. 1648 J. Beaumont Psyche i. vi. 2 Nor dar'd they stay, by kembing to make neat Their snarled Snakes, or draw their Tails huge trains Into a knot, or trim their cloven feet With iron shoes, or gather up their Chains. a1717 W. Diaper tr. Oppian Halieuticks (1722) ii. 80 The Snake impatient winds his twisted Train, And knotted Wreaths express the wringing Pain. 1727 J. Thomson Summer 55 The green Serpent gathers up his Train, In Orbs immense. 1828 E. Atherstone Fall of Nineveh I. ii. 35 A smooth firm path, From base to summit, like a serpent's train, Around the mountain coiled. 1849 H. Melville Mardi I. lxvi. 234 Their great black prows curling aloft, and thrown back like trunks of elephants; a dark, snaky length behind, like the sea-serpent's train. 1914 W. Malone Hernando de Soto 146 The great mountain roads..Clung chain-like round the sides of giddy peaks, And convoluted like a serpent's train Through the white wastes. 1978 P. Oldham tr. J. Cocteau in New Direct. in Prose & Poetry 37 68 The red glove of crime The serpent's train Its head which is a revolver. †c. A continuous extent. Cf. also sense 11. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vii. 269 When those nations be once subdued that are betwen you and us..then shal your dominion reach all the way in a continued train, as farre as unto us. II. Denoting material things in a series with regard to their parts: a group or sequence of people, animals, vehicles, or other inanimate things. * A sequence, series, etc., with composition potentially or explicitly specified. 8. A number of people following, accompanying, or attending on a person, usually one of high rank or importance; a body of attendants, retainers, or followers; a retinue, suite. a. Without indication of composition.With quot. c1390 compare note at sense 1. ΚΠ c1390 [implied in: c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 625 (MED) Mayden, Meoke and Mylde, God haþ taken in þe his fleschly trene; I [sc. Rood] bar þi fruit leoþi and lene.]. c1440 Sir Degrevant (Thornton) (1949) l. 1155 (MED) Þe riche Duke with a trayne To þe castelle gan fare. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xiii. viii. 48 Al the chymmys riall rownd abowt Was fyllyt with thar tryne and mekill rowt. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings x. 2 She came to Ierusalem with a maruelous greate trayne. ?a1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolsey (1959) 45 His harbergers passyng byfore to provyde lodgynges for his trayn. 1612 in M. C. Questier Newslett. Archpresbyterate G. Birkhead (1998) 167 The gyftes which the kinge bestowed one him self and his trayne are sayed to amount to thirty thousand crounes. 1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. i. xxxiv. 157 The rest of his traine came after him. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 108 The sordid and nasty way that the Ambassadour and all his train lived in. 1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xv. 170 Rule as he will his portion'd Realms on high; No Vassal God, nor of his Train am I. 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII I. iii. 117 One of his train..attempted to make his way by force. 1780 Mirror No. 108 The train of Sir Edward brought up their master in the condition I have described. 1829 W. Irving Chron. Conq. Granada I. xxi. 154 The loyal train which had come to welcome him, was but scanty in number. 1880 J. R. Black Young Japan I. xv. 168 It is a sight exceedingly curious and worthy of admiration, to see all the persons who compose the numerous train of a great prince. 1908 G. K. Chesterton Man who was Thursday x. 200 There appeared in his train, not only his seconds carrying the sword-case, but two of his servants carrying a portmanteau. 1951 H. C. Goddard Meaning of Shakespeare xxii. 314 Caesar with his train enters, and when he has retired, Casca tells how he was three times offered the crown and three times refused it. 2008 D. M. Loades Life & Career William Paulet ii. 22 The King spent five days lodged at the abbey and provided lavish hospitality for Francis and his train. b. With of indicating composition. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > [noun] > collective or company of hirdiferec1275 train1541 yeomanryc1660 entourage1850 surrounding1877 surroundings1894 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxvii. f. 58^v He hapned to meete with a senatours sonne, hauynge with hym a greatte trayne of yonge menne, whom he and they that were with hym saluted, doinge to hym reuerence. ?a1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolsey (1959) 57 Nowe was there lodged also madame Regent the kynges mother and all hir trayn of ladys & gentillwomen. 1578 T. Nicholas tr. F. Lopez de Gómara Pleasant Hist. Conquest W. India 47 His neyghbours came..with a good trayne of their vessals and seruitours. 1656 Disc. Auxiliary Beauty 82 The great pomp or princely parada used by Queen Berenice, and her train of women. 1692 E. Settle 2nd Pt. Notorious Impostor Ep. Ded. Great Names, and High Titles are always attended by a Train of Suitors and Addressors. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 113. ⁋3 She has ever had a Train of Admirers. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Menial, one of the train of servants. 1833 H. Martineau Messrs. Vanderput & Snoek i The long train of mourners. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 123 A train of listeners followed him. 1942 H. Lieferant & S. Lieferant Heavenly Harmony xiii. 235 Hannah walked down the aisle ahead of her train of loyal, faithful men. 2010 J. Feerick Strangers in Blood v. 155 He denies her a devoted train of followers due ‘such a state and beauty’. 9. A body of people, animals, vehicles, etc., travelling together in an organized way, esp. in a long line or procession; a succession of people or moving things. Also figurative (poetic): a set or class of people. baggage-train, etc.: see the first element. a. With of indicating composition.Also with equivalent modifier, as bullock, fisher, goddess, ox, peasant, wagon-train, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [noun] > passage in a continuous stream > procession processionOE drightfarea1225 precessiona1400 processionc1400 walking1449 train1489 walk1563 processioning1593 band1611 solemnity1636 proceeding1660 cavalcade1670 parade1673 cortège1679 processionade1762 processional1820 crocodile1891 ram1912 processing1920 paseo1927 croc1948 society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > collective or retinue hirdc888 douthOE gingc1175 folkc1275 hirdfolcc1275 tail1297 meiniec1300 meiniec1300 routc1325 suitc1325 peoplec1330 leading1382 retinuea1387 repairc1390 retenancea1393 farneta1400 to-draughta1400 sembly14.. sequelc1420 manya1425 followingc1429 affinity?1435 family1438 train1489 estatec1500 port1545 retain1548 equipage1579 suite1579 attendancy1586 attendance1607 tendancea1616 sequacesa1660 cortège1679 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxiii. sig. Eij^v A longe trayne of men of armes al clos togyder. 1562 A. Golding tr. Briefe Treat. Burnynge Bucer & Phagius sig. H.ii The dead bodyes..being bound with ropes, & layd vpon mens shoulders..were borne into the middes of y^e market sted with a great trayne of people folowing them. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 132 After him [sc. Abraham] a cumbrous Train Of Herds and Flocks, and numerous servitude. View more context for this quotation 1699 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ II. iii. vii. 76 They had Recourse to the whole Train of prophetical Divinities. 1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xvii. 529 So flies a Vulture thro' the clam'rous Train Of Geese, that scream, and scatter round the Plain. 1750 S. Richardson Lett. Particular Friends (ed. 4) clii. 219 Trains of admiring Lovers, ready-pair'd, followed one another in thronging Crouds at the Gate. 1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein I. vii. 172 The caravans, or large trains of waggons, by which the internal commerce..was carried on. 1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xxxi. 363 Camels, trains of which..may be seen making their way along the crowded streets. 1948 Life 20 Sept. 6/2 He..dashes out toward the center of the street to miss—just barely—a train of burros. 1991 S. Winchester Pacific (1992) 390 Long trains of huge old rice-barges lumbered by. 2009 T. McNeese Oregon Trail ii. 27 For the first time, a train of wagons had reached the Rockies. b. Without indication of composition. ΚΠ a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) viii. xii. l. 119 The pepill..passand per ordour, all on raw, In langsum tryne. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) ii. ii. 34 Which of this Princely trayne Call ye the Warlike Talbot? View more context for this quotation 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 291 The best Hawks..fly in Trains like Wild Geese. 1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xviii. 657 To this, one Pathway gently winding leads, Where march a Train with Baskets on their Heads. 1746 W. Dunkin tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles ii. ii. 129 What milder Frenzy goads the rhiming Train? 1763 J. Hoole tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered II. xvii. 178 To these succeed the wand'ring Arab train, Who shift their canvas towns from plain to plain. 1824 Fatal Errors & Fund. Truths 307 I watched the approach of the little train with interest; and when they had passed through the church portal, I followed them. 1857 Ballou's Dollar Monthly Mag. May 412/2 Our travelling train consisted of seven wagons, hired from Dutch-African colonists, and driven by the owners, or their native servants, slaves and Hottentots. 1901 Bull. Amer. Bureau Geogr. Mar. 32/1 On backs of donkeys. They are driven in trains and are in charge of muleteers. 1950 M. F. McKeown Them was Days vii. 177 On account of the Indians, her and me was put in the middle of the train. 2010 C. M. MacLachlan & W. H. Beezley Mexico's Crucial Cent. i. 52 Heavy cargo hauled by oxen and mules in trains of several hundred animals, with at times fifty large wheeled wagons, fueled economic activity. 10. Military (now historical). a. The artillery and other equipment for a battle or siege, with the vehicles carrying them and the soldiers in attendance, following or ready to follow an army. artillery, battering, field, siege, supply train, etc.: see the first element. (a) Without indication of composition. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > [noun] > field equipment train1523 train service1753 field equipment1787 supply train1788 field park1805 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. lxxvi. 96 Syr Wyllyam Montagu..yssued out a horsbacke, and folowed couertly the hynder trayne of the scottes, who had horses so charged with baggage, y^t they might scant go any gret pace. 1650 O. Cromwell Let. 4 Sept. in Writings & Speeches (1939) (modernized text) II. 323 The enemy drew down to their right wing.., shogging also their foot and train much to the right. 1798 W. Watkins Anomaliae 27 Feb. 152 Four-sevenths of one who in an army's train, Or digs the mine, or fills with mounds the plain. 1827 W. Scott Life Napoleon VI. x. 299 A body of French, rushing to charge a body of Austrians, which still occupied one end of a burning street, were interrupted by some waggons belonging to the enemy's train. 1857 F. Palgrave Hist. Normandy & Eng. II. iv. 755 Whilst the Danes were advancing, Richard..marched concurrently to meet them: and, in the army's train, good store of provisions followed, such as would encourage his guests. 1900 Daily News 11 June 4/3 The military expression..‘our trains’, is apt to lead to misunderstanding..where the troops..have been actually travelling by railway trains. 1958 M. Barnes tr. M. Levaillant Passionate Exiles v. 68 He replied indirectly by asking the Ministry that..one of the first administrative posts to be created in the train of the army should be reserved for the young attaché. 1994 P. G. Halpern Naval Hist. World War I ix. 272 Technically these [motorboats] were not naval craft, but belonged to the train of the army. (b) With of indicating composition. Also: a unit or complement of artillery, etc.; a suite of heavy weapons; a battery. ΚΠ 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin viii. 457 The vessells would haue sought sauetie by flying, but because there was a long traine [Fr. trainée] & ranke of great artilleries, which managed by men experienced, bet a farre of, they chaunged rather the place of peril, then auoided the daunger. 1625 Gen. Coll. Treatys (1732) II. 256 An Army consisting of a like number of Infantry and Cavalry, with a full Train of Cannon, and all that commonly and necessarily belongs thereto. 1644 Articles Treaty in W. Dugdale Full Relation Treaty Uxbridge (1645) 171 The said Trayne of Artillery, to be fitted in all points ready to March. 1675 London Gaz. No. 1482/3 A great Convoy is lately arrived at Audenard, with vast quantities of all sorts of Military Provision, and a Train of Artillery. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 497. ⁋2 A blunt honest fellow, who had a command in the train of artillery. 1761 London Mag. Apr. 184/2 To send a body of about 400 Europeans, with a train of artillery and 400 Seapoys. 1789 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 945/2 All the gates of the palace are further secured by a train of cannon, to prevent any surprize or escape. 1810 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1836) VI. 88 They have collected a train of artillery at Salamanca for the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo. 1857 W. A. Orr Despatch 28 Oct. in R. G. Burton Hist. Hyderabad Contingent (1905) xii. 182 Bringing on a train of guns and large quantity of ordnance stores over an almost impracticable road. 1873 G. A. Custer My Life on Plains (1874) xiii.135 Like a travelling village of Bedouins, the troopers and their train of supplies stretched out into column. 1904 H. S. Williams Historians' Hist. World XXI. iv. viii. 188 He [sc. James II of Scotland] was proud of his train of cannon, and of the skill of a French engineer, who could level them so truly as to hit within a fathom of the place he aimed at. a1963 G. Mattingly in R. B. Werham New Cambr. Mod. Hist. (1968) III. vi. 150 The army that Charles VIII led over the Alps, with its serried masses of Swiss pikemen, its quick-stepping Gascon light infantry, its train of heavy guns, [etc.]. 2008 S. Bull Furie of Ordnance iii. 60 This painfully slow cleansing of the Augean stables being complete Parliament could finally commence forming its own train of artillery. †b. The rear of an army or body of soldiers. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > part of army by position > [noun] > rear back-wardc1275 rearwarda1325 reredosc1400 reward1440 back-guardc1470 rearguard1481 arrière-guard1489 retroguard1574 arrear-ward1579 forlorn hope1579 train1598 back1600 rear1604 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres ii. 28 How to turne their faces, making front of either flanke or traine. 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. ii. 55 The armed pikes..shall be..placed in the front and in traine of the battell. 11. An extended series of material objects or surfaces; a row, rank; esp. a series of things arranged in a definite order for some purpose. a. Without indication of composition. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > [noun] > a line or row reweOE rowc1225 ranka1325 rengec1330 ordera1382 rulec1384 rangea1450 ray1481 line1557 tier1569 train1610 string1713 rail1776 windrow1948 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 343 Upon this shore, lie out with a long traine certaine heapes in manner bankes or rampiers. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 43 Being layd of a row or train. 1763 W. Roberts Acct. First Discov. Florida p. vi Our more northern colonies..form one continued train along the whole eastern-side of North-America. 1784 W. Coxe Trav. Poland, Russia, Sweden, & Denmark I. iv. iv. 488 The chief officers of the houshold, the mistress of the robes, the maids of honour, and other ladies of the bed chamber, advancing two by two in a long train, announced the approach of their sovereign. 1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man xviii. 356 Detached fragments of rock..in long parallel trains. 1901 Bull. Pharmacy June 234/2 The fires for which I have given formulas..should be laid out in a long train on a few thicknesses of newspaper and burned ‘against the wind’. 2006 G. Dearnaley & J. Arps in Y. Pauleau Materials Surface Processing by directed Energy Techniques v. 187 Localized regions of strain associated with dislocations that intersect the surface are a cause of pit formation, and these sometimes occur in rows or ‘trains’. b. With of indicating composition. Now rare. ΚΠ 1681 Char. Heraclitus & Observator (single sheet) When the faultring Fancy of the jaded Author is at a stand, he is forced to be beholden to the Publisher to fill up the bottom of the Sheet with a Train of Advertisements. 1715 T. C. tr. H. Michelot Mediterranean Pilot 75 There is a long Train of Rocks under-water. 1758 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) III. 511 A train of two chaises and two cars with us..and our sumpter-car. 1774 M. Mackenzie Treat. Maritim Surv. 76 When the Survey has been continued by a Train of stasimetric Triangles. a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1822) IV. 148 On both sides of this avenue a train of islands arranged themselves. 1860 E. Emmons Man. Geol. (ed. 2) xx. 250 The most distinct belt, or train of boulders from these mountains, passes through Amsterdam, Montgomery county, New York. 1930 Prof. Papers U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 160. 90/2 Muir..described long trains of glacially quarried blocks which he had observed in the vicinity of Tenaya Lake. 12. a. A set of gears, wheels, rollers, or other connected parts of a mechanism which actuate one another or operate sequentially. Also: a series of lenses, prisms, etc., mounted so as to act in succession. (a) With of indicating composition.Also with equivalent modifier, as gear, roll, valve, wheel-train, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [noun] > consisting of series of parts train?1714 train-work1859 ?1714 F. Hauksbee Course Exper. Mechanicks Pl. IV This only a Train of Wheel-work. 1797 Monthly Mag. 3 464 Thus the progressive motion is communicated to the cotton spindles in the same manner as it is to the different parts of a common time-piece—by a train of wheels. 1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic xi. 292 Motions are propagated..along a great variety of trains of mechanism. 1850 E. B. Denison Rudimentary Treat. Clock & Watch Making 28 A clock consists of a train of wheels. 1878 W. de W. Abney Treat. Photogr. (1881) 280 A train of prisms..set to the angle of minimum deviation. 1881 Metal World No. 22. 340 The moving of the car sets in motion a train of gears, which in turn gives motion to the pencil mechanism. 1923 Photo-miniature May 421 Attached to this rack and pinion mechanism..is a train of gears which cause a cam shaped disc to revolve slowly. 1995 P. Woodward My Own Right Time i. 4 The purpose of an escapement is to convert rotary motion from the train of gears into reciprocating motion to drive a pendulum. 2010 W. T. Grondzik et al. Mech. & Electr. Equipm. for Buildings (ed. 11) xvi. 729 (caption) Concentration and collimation of sunlight can be accomplished with a sun-tracking mirror and an optical train of mirrors and lenses. (b) Without indication of composition; spec. the set of wheels and pinions in a clock or watch which turns the hands (the going train) or actuates the striking part (the striking train) (cf. sense 14).clock, drive, going, striking, watch train, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > part(s) of nut1428 peise1428 plumbc1450 Jack1498 clockwork1516 larum1542 Jack of the clockhouse1563 watch-wheel1568 work1570 plummeta1578 Jack of the clock1581 snail-cam1591 snail-work1591 pointer1596 quarter jack1604 mainspring1605 winder1606 notch-wheel1611 fusee1622 count-wheel1647 jack-wheel1647 frame1658 arbor1659 balance1660 fuse1674 hour-figure1675 stop1675 pallet1676 regulator1676 cock1678 movement1678 detent1688 savage1690 clock1696 pinwheel1696 starred wheel1696 swing-wheel1696 warning-wheel1696 watch1696 watch-part1696 hoop-wheel1704 hour-wheel1704 snail1714 step-wheel1714 tide-work1739 train1751 crutch1753 cannon pinion1764 rising board1769 remontoire1774 escapement1779 clock jack1784 locking plate1786 scapement1789 motion work1795 anchor escapement1798 scape1798 star-wheel1798 recoil escapement1800 recoiling pallet1801 recoiling scapement1801 cannon1802 hammer-tail1805 recoiling escapement1805 bottle jack1810 renovating spring1812 quarter-boy1815 pin tooth1817 solar wheel1819 impulse-teeth1825 pendulum wheel1825 pallet arbor1826 rewinder1826 rack hook1829 snail-wheel1831 quarter bell1832 tow1834 star pulley1836 watch train1838 clock train1843 raising-piece1843 wheelwork1843 gravity escapement1850 jumper1850 vertical escapement1850 time train1853 pin pallet1860 spade1862 dead well1867 stop-work1869 ringer1873 strike-or-silent1875 warning-piece1875 guard-pin1879 pendulum cock1881 warning-lever1881 beat-pin1883 fusee-piece1884 fusee-snail1884 shutter1884 tourbillion1884 tumbler1884 virgule1884 foliot1899 grasshopper1899 grasshopper escapement1899 trunk1899 pin lever1908 clock spring1933 1751 J. Ferguson in H. Rose & L. Shaw Geneal. Deduction Family Rose of Kilravock (1848) 443 The water-wheel moves a train for turning two mill-stones. 1795 Analyt. Rev. 21 233 The balance is in fact connected with the train for this minute period. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 180 The plates and train of a watch without the escapement are also spoken of as the movement. 1946 V. N. Wood Metall. Materials vi. 161 The subsequent rolling is carried out on smaller mills often arranged in the form of a train, each separate set of rolls being known as a stand. 1968 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 78 342 Modifications to the system are possible where space restrictions exist, but this would entail addition(s) to the optical train. 2008 J. Marchant Decoding Heavens vi. 206 Adding in three extra wheels Wright came up with a simple train in which the little dial turned once in every 20 turns of the main pointer. b. Manufacturing Technology. A set of interconnected units for carrying out a specified chemical process, esp. the liquefaction of gas. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for making other articles > [noun] > gas-making equipment > parts of condensator1804 condenser1809 gas retort1818 seal1853 seal-cup1872 seal-pipe1875 train1925 1925 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 11 232 Helium..was first subjected to chemical purification by passing successively over hot copper, hot copper oxide, aqueous potassium hydroxide, solid potassium hydroxide, phosphorus pentoxide, hot copper and hot calcium, and was stored in a battery of seven glass-mercury gasometers, so connected that the gas could be recirculated through the purifying train. 1945 Amer. Dyestuff Reporter 34 P55/1 Each bowl in the dye train performs a specific function. The first bowl serves to wet out the scoured wool. 1976 Offshore Platforms & Pipelining 11/3 Three treating trains each include an inlet separator and glycol contactor. 1988 Petroleum Gaz. (Melbourne) Dec. 22/2 Design work is to proceed on the..third processing train on the Burrup Peninsula to liquefy natural gas for export to Japan. 2005 Wall St. Jrnl. 26 May (Central ed.) d6/5 In November..Repsol signed a deal with Gas Natural SDG SA and Sonatrach for a ‘first train’, the technical term for a liquid-natural-gas processing plant. A sequence, series, etc., with composition never specified. †13.** Cookery. A dish consisting of dried fruit and nuts strung on a long thread and cooked. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared fruit and dishes > [noun] > dried fruit preparations traina1450 minced meat1762 mincemeat1824 mebos1862 a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 60 Le .ij. cours..Halybutte. Plays fryid. Trayne Roste. c1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 97 Take Dates and figges..And þen take grete reysons and blanched almondes, and prik hem thorgh with a nedel into a threde of a mannys length,..rost the treyne abought the fire in þe spete;..cast the batur on the treyne as he turneth abought the fire. 1905 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 334 This recipe..is so quaintly worded, and at the same time so well expressed, that one longs to experimentalise in Roast Train.] 14. The rate of beats of a clock or watch (see beat n.¹ 7a). Now rare. ΚΠ 1675 Oughtred's Method calculating Numbers in J. Smith Horol. Dialogues 112 A Watch of a swift train about 10000. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Train, is the Number of Beats which the Watch maketh in an Hour or any other certain time. ?1785 J. Imison School of Arts 232 Number of beats in an hour, which is called the train of a watch; which train is called swifter or slower, as the number of beats in an hour is more or less. 1806 New & Compl. Amer. Encycl. II. 70/1 Divide the beats in 12 hours into 12 parts, and it gives 17952, which is called the train of the watch, or the beats in an hour. 1880 Eng. Mechanic 6 Feb. 539/2 Next ascertain the train of the watch, as it was originally, and if suitable for the lever escapement. 1948 A. L. Rawlings Sci. Clocks & Watches (ed. 2) ix. 167 Nearly all modern pocket or wrist watches have what is called an 18,000 train, because they make that number of ticks in an hour, or five ticks a second. †15. Hunting. A line or trail of pieces of carrion or the like laid to lure a wild animal into a trap. Cf. sense 5a; also train n.¹ 3. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation iii. xx. 104 For Beasts of Prey, as the Wolf, Fox, Badger, Polecat, &c. make a Train, and when you come to any of the places which you have so prepared, throw four or five bits of your Train-Carrion upon it. ***** A sequence, series, etc., of non-material things. 16.** A number of things following one another in time or order; a series or course of actions, events, etc. a. A course of action in relation to its manner or purpose; method of procedure; manner of action; way of life; course, drift, or direction of a discourse, argument, etc. Usually with of indicating composition. Not always clearly distinguishable from sense 16b. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > [noun] > system or way of proceeding i-wunec888 proceeding1425 trainc1475 way1563 procedure?1577 management1649 proceed1674 démarche1721 trade1721 procédé1861 the world > action or operation > behaviour > way of life > [noun] > course or way of life wayeOE lifeOE train1580 career1803 c1475 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 15th Cent. (1939) 288 (MED) Who-so that in suche a vessel these tranes shulde, Rest he ne may, day nother nyght. c1530 (title) The ordre or Trayne of Warre, that a prynce or heed Captayne ought to take. 1534 T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1330/2 They..corrupte some well mynded menne, before they perceyue the trayne of theyr craftye purpose. 1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David xv He that leads of life an uncorrupted traine. 1609 A. Gardyne Garden Grave & Godlie Flowres 38 For Fortunes favour or her fead I nether eik nor pairs my trynde; Though misreport of me be made I nether vex nor moue my minde. a1677 I. Barrow Serm. Several Occasions (1678) 157 God..by secret methods, and undiscernible trains, ordereth all events. 1745 D. Fordyce Dialogues conc. Educ. I. viii. 180 What forms the Quack, the supple Courtier, and the sham Patriot, but the Train of Dissimulation in which they have been hackneyed? 1756 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (1761) II. xxviii. 134 His splendid ostentatious train of life. 1836 Random Recoll. Ho. Lords xvi. 388 You never misapprehend the train of his reasoning. 1873 A. Wood Love or Pride ii. 10 If his brain was not quite clear on one point, if a link was wanting in the train of his reasoning, then everything else was put aside till the point was cleared up or the missing link found. 1905 W. Magnay Prince of Lovers iii. 22 Judged from his expression, the train of his thought led to very complex considerations. 2009 H. Rabinowitz & S. Vogel in Man. Sci. Style i. i. 26 This could also..cause the reader to lose the train of the argument. b. With of indicating composition or equivalent modifier, more generally: a series, succession, sequence (of actions, events, thoughts, or phenomena); a continuous course (of action, reasoning, etc.).Not always clearly distinguishable from sense 16a. (a) With various nouns. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > [noun] > a succession, series, or sequence suit1406 sequencea1575 train1606 series1618 track1681 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > continuity or uninterruptedness > [noun] > continuous succession > a continuous series or course seriousnessc1487 continuity1601 train1606 series1613 thread1642 continuum1650 clue1656 run1709 1606 R. Knolles tr. J. Bodin Six Bks. Common-weale vi. vi. 766 King Charls the seuenth..commanded heapes of lawes to be written, with a whole traine of reasons for the making of the same. 1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 107 The Eastern winde driues on the roaring train Of white-blew billows. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. iii. 8 By Consequence, or Trayne of Thoughts, I understand that succession of one Thought to another, which is called (to distinguish it from Discourse in words) Mentall Discourse. 1655 J. Howell 4th Vol. Familiar Lett. vii. 19 A wife is the best or the worst fortune that can betide a man throughout the whole train of his life. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xiv. 84 A train of Ideas, which constantly succeed one another in his Understanding. 1724 R. Fiddes Gen. Treat. Morality Pref. p. cxix A train of accusations which, severally, want to be proved themselves. 1764 T. Reid Inq. Human Mind v. §5 Long and demonstrative trains of reasoning. a1767 W. Macfarlane Geneal. Coll. (1900) II. 310 He caused Apprehend and Execute at Crief for a train and Tract of Depredations MacRobertus Strowanus. 1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. i. 1 A long train of fortunate events. 1858 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1871) II. viii. 582 The result of a long train of causes. 1872 C. Darwin Expression Emotions Man & Animals ix. 223 He encounters some obstacle in his train of reasoning..and then a frown passes like a shadow over his brow. 1916 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 30 330 This was seized upon..as the occasion for..a long train of government investigations, reports, petitions, and bills in congress. 1955 F. O' Connor Wise Blood i. 13 Mrs. Hitchcock lost her train of talk. ‘I guess you're on your way to visit somebody?’ she asked. 1992 R. M. Davis Mid-Lands vii. 86 I was relieved to find a colleague who was also a Southern Baptist minister and could follow a hard train of reasoning to an unpalatable end. 2010 S. Newton in F. Johns et al. Events viii. 106 The fall of the Wall..set in motion (or at least carried forward) the train of events which brought in the new world order. (b) Frequently in train of thought. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > product of thinking, thought > [noun] > continuous thought vein1545 train of thought1688 sequaciousness1851 stream of consciousness1928 1688 R. L'Estrange Brief Hist. Times III. xiii. 251 In a Train of Thought it comes Naturally now to be Enquir'd into, what New Inducements or Enformations, they received, the Second day toward the Presumption of his being Strangled. 1770 G. White Let. 19 Feb. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 125 Your observation..struck me so forcibly, that I naturally fell into a train of thought that led me to consider whether the fact was so. 1833 J. Forbes et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. II. 833 The term monomania, meaning madness affecting one train of thought..has generally been adopted of late times instead of melancholia. 1899 W. James Talks to Teachers xv. 190 Our habitual associations of ideas, trains of thought, and sequences of action, might thus be consequences of the succession of currents in our nervous systems. a1953 E. O'Neill Hughie (1959) 34 (stage direct.) His train of thought interrupted, irritably. 1959 F. Astaire Steps in Time (1960) i. 6 It is the easiest thing in the world to become discouraged by a well-meant suggestion which may throw you off your original train of thought. 2002 C. Newland Snakeskin xv. 194 I didn't mean to disrespect my old friend, but I knew she was wandering dangerous territory with her particular train of thought. (c) An uninterrupted sequence of waves or pulses. Cf. pulse train n. at pulse n.² Compounds 1a, wave-train n. at wave n. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1845 Rep. 14th Meeting Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1844 350 The superficial particles continue to oscillate..as a phænomenon of the train of secondary waves. 1869 J. Tyndall in Fortn. Rev. 1 Feb. 228 But what, in the first instance, is a beam of light? It is a train of innumerable waves, excited in, and propagated through,..the Æther. 1912 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 87 93 The electric disturbance produced by a lightning discharge..is probably either a solitary wave or a very short train of waves. 1936 R. S. Glasgow Princ. Radio Engin. v. 109 The by-pass condenser across the telephone receivers serves to integrate the succession of rectified half waves of the train into the single dotted impulse. 1948 Proc. IRE 36 1457/1 A train of reset pulses is applied to the shift register. 1995 N.Y. Times 21 Mar. c10/4 The regions that have active cells..send back a train of nervous impulses to the thalamus. 2009 F. E. Stephenson & A. B. Rabinovich in P. R. Cummins et al. Tsunami Sci. Four Years after 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami 193 At many of the stations the first train of waves was followed by a second train of high frequency waves approximately two hours later. 17. Sequence, order, or arrangement for some result; connected order; course, process. Chiefly in in (†a) train. a. With descriptive adjective, as good, fair, etc. Now somewhat archaic. ΚΠ 1524 Sir T. More in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. I. 256 To use th'erle of Angwish for an instrument to wryng and wreste the maters in to bettre trayne. 1528 S. Gardiner in N. Pocock Rec. Reformation (1870) I. xlii. 82 Every~thing in good train and order. 1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares viii. xlvii. 215 He had dispos'd, in some good traine, His home affaires. 1746 Fool (1748) II. 23 The Affairs of Europe hereby put in a happy Train. 1796 P. Will tr. C. Grosse Horrid Myst. III. viii. 209 ‘Our affairs are in an excellent train!’ the Count whispered to me, while our kind host opened the door. 1842 T. B. Macaulay in Life & Lett. (1883) II. 114 I am..desirous to get on with my History, which is..in a fair train. 1920 E. V. Lucas Adventures & Enthusiasms 264 By delaying his arrival until the affair is in good train he takes his proper part as a London entertainer; that is to say, he is there when he is wanted. 1938 G. Heyer Royal Escape xvi. 398 All must be in good train before he again leaves the safety of my house. 1981 J. Aiken Stolen Lake v. 120 ‘Matters are in excellent train,’ he told them. ‘I have had a most affable message from Queen Ginevra, instructing me to wait on her at two.’ b. Without descriptive adjective. Frequently in to set (also put) in train. ΚΠ ?1572 T. Paynell tr. Treasurie Amadis of Fraunce x. 256 The fayre Diana or Moone shall arise, setting you in traine and order to go and to inuade our enimies. 1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Life Agricola in tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. 260 Our men..were now in traine of winning the fielde. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. 3 Concerning the Thoughts of man, I will consider them first Singly, and afterwards in Trayn, or dependence upon one another. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. vii. 228 It is not enough, that a Man has Ideas clear and distinct..he must think in train. 1776 E. Pendleton Let. 31 July in Lett. & Papers (1967) I. 190 Mr. Taylor delivered your Message..but I have not mentioned it, as things were in such a train, as will not admit of that Plan. 1813 C. Cuthbertson Adelaide II. xx. 418 Montagu set in train an exchange from General Harley's regiment. 1822 Ld. Byron Let. 4 Apr. (1979) IX. 203 I will try (as Executor, if I am so) to put your business in a train for settlement—as early as possible. 1885 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay x. 164 Putting matters in train for the election. 1920 Printers' Ink 7 Mar. 197/2 (advt.) A magazine now in train for publication is in the market for travel stories of Europe, the Mediterranean and Great Britain. 1954 R. J. Hammond Food & Agric. in Brit. iii. 42 Arrangements for feedstuffs rationing had been in train for some months. 1978 ‘M. M. Kaye’ Far Pavilions iv. xxx. 439 It remained only for the bride's relatives to choose which of the two selected dates..they preferred and the arrangements for the ceremony would at once be put in train. 2007 G. H. Jamieson Visual Communication iv. 72 The veneration of national flags which can set in train emotive responses that defy formal analysis. 18. a. A set of attendant things, circumstances, or conditions; a series of consequences. Frequently in in the train of: as a sequel to or consequence of; in its train: as a sequel or consequence. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > [noun] > that which accompanies > set of accompanying things train1570 1570 R. Sempill Maddeis Lamentatioun (single sheet) That kingdome sall cum to greit ruyne Quhen that deuisioun hes his sait and tryne. 1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie iii. sig. Ddd Fortune..hath alwaies some misery following in the train of a long concatenation of felicity. 1721 G. Berkeley Ess. Preventing Ruine Great Brit. 14 This Vice draweth after it a train of Evils. 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 13 The idea presented itself..with this in its train. 1833 H. Martineau Brooke & Brooke Farm (ed. 3) xii Education came in the train of other good things. 1871 S. Smiles Character i. 9 There is no act, however trivial, but has its train of consequences. 1933 Discovery July 224/2 The interference of man with the balance of nature had almost always brought evil in its train. 1970 Daily Tel. 14 May 13/5 In the train of each social upheaval in America..come the shrewdies and hucksters in search of a quick dollar. 2001 S. Walton Out of It (2002) v. 181 The harm done by the raids, the arraignments, the fines and jail terms that prohibition brings in its train. †b. A single sequel, consequence, or condition. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > [noun] > subsequent event or act after-cominga1382 subsequence1563 consequenta1627 post-fact1631 train1638 arrear1659 sequent1833 post hoc1843 sequence1853 follow-on1879 1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 23 For a traine to this first favour I require from you a second. 1683 R. Watson Fuller Answer to Elimas Sorcerer 27 If a new Plot be, give us freely what you have discovered, which may serve as a train to the rest, that none may escape. ****** A series of linked (actual or potential) conveyances, and related senses. 19.** A number of tramcars coupled together, originally for transporting ore in a mine (cf. tram n.² 2). Also: a set of tramcars and the engine drawing them. Cf. tram-train n. at tram n.² Compounds 1a.Now merging with senses 20, 21. a. Without indication of composition. ΚΠ 1801 [implied in: Recreations in Agric. Feb. 476 In mines,..where very small carriages only can be employed, very light rails are used, forming what are called train roads.]. 1807 [implied in: W. H. Wollaston in Philos. Mag. 27 83 The coals from the upper veins of the mountain require to be let down in large quantities to the trainway tunnel below.]. 1834 Mechanics' Mag. 5 July 226/2 When the train is ascending, these points trail along the ground, and should any thing give way the points enter the ground a little, and raise the last carriage to the roof. 1857 Rep. Inspectors Coal Mines 1856 23 A red light hung on the leading tub of a train would also prove more useful, in many instances, than an ordinary oil lamp. 1918 Sci. Abstr. B. 21 448 In the train described, the main air vessel and pump for braking are below the centre car, an auxiliary reservoir being placed under the motor-cars. 1952 T. Armstrong Adam Brunskill vi. 193 The trammer, stooped in the queer attitude imposed by a head permanently to one side, thriftily blew out the train's single candle. 1977 New Scientist 8 Dec. 630/1 The trains or trams—call them what you will—are beautifully smooth and quiet, sitting on suspension systems of air and rubber. 2003 L. Petheram et al. Ascent! III. xi. 145/2 Model steam engines work in the same way as the steam engines first used in 1804 to pull trains in mines. b. With of indicating composition. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > [noun] > a train of train1825 train1857 auto-train1902 society > occupation and work > equipment > mining equipment > [noun] > vehicle for underground haulage or transportation > set of train1825 set1863 run1876 journey1883 jag1900 spake1935 1825 London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 10 338 This toothed-wheel being actuated by a steam-engine or other power, will cause the mechanical horse to move forward in the trunk, and by proper attachments to draw the train of trams or other carriages after it, along the platform, above the wheel-way. 1835 ‘S. Oliver’ Rambles in Northumberland & on Sc. Border i. 42 Those [sc. trapdoors] in the line of the rolley-ways are kept by boys,..whose duty is to open them on the approach of a horse with a train of corves. 1857 J. Scoffern et al. Useful Metals & their Alloys vi. 126 Two doors are placed sufficiently far apart to allow of the train of trams standing between. 1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 144 Journey.., a train or set of trams all coupled together. 1916 Trans. Internat. Engin. Congr., 1915 196 The maximum speed was fixed at 15 kilometers per hour; the greatest length of a train of tram-cars at 40 meters. 1967 F. Ziegler tr. ‘C. Bekker’ Luftwaffe War Diaries (1994) 103 Suddenly a train of trams rumbled into Koningshaven,..with a great clanging of bells. 20. A line of other linked conveyances or movable structures. a. With of indicating composition. Also with equivalent modifier, as glider train, etc.: see the first element. ΚΠ 1809 Ann. Reg. 1807 (Otridge ed.) Hist. Europe 14/1 They [sc. the wounded] were successively carried to the ambulance, or train of carriages. 1838 Railway Mag. May 354 The locomotive would tow the train of barges. 1863 Boston Rev. Mar. 209 Instead of a trip in the first train of balloons to the land of dreams. 1895 Nature 26 Dec. 188/1 Upper-air explorations may be accomplished by a train of kites carrying automatic instruments. 1944 Pop. Mech. Aug. 15/1 In the second day of the real invasion, a 50-mile-long train of gliders crossed into France. 2003 R. J. Pond Follow Blue Blazes v. 93 You might spot a towboat pushing tons of coal in a train of barges to one of the many power plants located on the river. b. Without indication of composition.See also road train n. (b) at road n. Compounds 6. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > [noun] > a train of train1825 train1857 auto-train1902 1857 Minutes Evid. & Proc. Liverpool & Birkenhead Dock Bills 393 All the river craft move about with a steam-tug in trains; the craft are formed into a train, and the steam-tug is the locomotive to pull them. 1909 Engin. & Contracting 14 Apr. 294/3 This wagon is meant to be pulled in trains by a traction engine. Mounted on broad tired wheels, it is built like, and greatly resembles, a two way dump car used on construction work, and run on rails. 1932 Flight 10 June 518/1 An Aerial Train..a pilot named Boenig has succeeded in towing four gliders together to a height of 1,000 ft. at Halle. 1949 Archit. Rev. 106 8/3 On the Aire and Calder, compartment boats..are used. These are oblong iron boxes towed in trains up to 32 in number by steam tugs. 2005 A. Liebeskind How to optimize your Warehouse Operations viii. 47 Roller Bin Carts..can be pulled in a train by a ‘tugger’. 21. A number of railway carriages, vans, or trucks coupled together, with or without a locomotive. a. With of indicating composition. ΚΠ 1814 Repertory of Arts 2nd Ser. 24 133 Fig. H. shews the termination of a double way, in which every loco-motive engine, with its train of waggons, may travel the whole distance. 1814 Repertory of Arts 2nd Ser. 24 138 As the engine may have appendages to clear away any impediments in the track of its wheels..it may travel, with its train of carriages, at the rate of 7 or 8 miles an hour. 1838 Knickerbocker June 556 Where the prairie stretches away..shall sweep the long, hissing train of cars, crowded with passengers for the Pacific seaboard. 1882 H. A. Keyser On Borderland xxxiv. 223 A train of cars thundered along the track, bringing to the great city human waifs, that would be soon lost in the multitude. 1915 C. Metcalfe tr. P. Souvestre & M. Allain Fantômas v. 63 Heavy puffs escaped from the engine, and..it slowly emerged from the tunnel, followed by a long train of carriages. 1940 Railroad Mag. Apr. 9/2 A road fireman had to earn his bread and butter by scooping coal or feeding oil into the firebox to a locomotive that was pulling a train of cars over a railroad. 1988 D. St. J. Thomas & P. Whitehouse SR 150 xiii. 189 The daily train of vans from Angmering to London Bridge, picking up at stations to Hove, would be fuller than usual. 1995 I. Banks Whit (1996) v. 87 The train of wagons flowed clatteringly past.., then with a squeal and a cacophony of metallic shrieks the train began to slow. 2005 J. Harter World Railways of 19th Cent. i. 4/1 Each engine was required to..pull a train of carriages for an extended distance averaging at least 10 m.p.h., while not exceeding a steam boiler pressure of 50 p.s.i. b. Without indication of composition. A series of connected railway carriages, vans, or trucks, with or without a locomotive, actually or potentially constituting a unit travelling along a line; spec. (as a mode of travel) one conveying passengers. Also more fully railway train n. at railway n. Compounds 1a, railroad train n. at railroad n. Compounds 1a.Now the dominant use of the simple word: see also Compounds 2.boat, corridor, electric, express, freight, ghost, passenger, puffer, runaway, steam, toy, tube train, etc.: see the first element. See also to pull a train at pull v. 12b, to scale a train at scale v.² 2c, train de luxe at luxe n. 2. (a) As a count noun. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > train train1814 railway train1834 railroad train1836 train1841 rail train1843 train wreck1876 train set1959 1814 Repertory of Arts 2nd Ser. 24 138 The locomotive engine must pass so far on to the pavement as to admit at least the foremost carriage of its train to be drawn clear of the way. 1825 N. Wood Pract. Treat. Railroads viii. 301 The two trains will thus proceed into different roads, and, passing each other, will join the main line again. 1837 Cornish's Railway Compan. (title page) The Company's charges from one station to another;..time of departure and arrival of each train, etc. 1855 T. T. Lynch Rivulet lxii. 89 Thus through a distant valley's length Slow seems to glide the train. 1885 M. Collins Prettiest Woman in Warsaw I. x. 164 A train left Warsaw early in the morning. 1921 J. Galsworthy To Let iii. x. 33 ‘Good-bye,’ he said; ‘don't miss your train.’ 1966 D. Elser Ticket to City 25 No more trains tonight. The next one is at eight-fifteen in the morning. 2000 P. W. B. Semmens & A. J. Goldfinch How Steam Locomotives really Work iii. 94 It was not unknown for a locomotive to be uncoupled from its train and run light up and down the track for some minutes to refill the boiler. (b) With the. Some or any train (representing railway travel). ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > train train1814 railway train1834 railroad train1836 train1841 rail train1843 train wreck1876 train set1959 1841 Derbyshire Journey-bk. Eng. vii. 115/1 The tourist will proceed to the Amber Gate Station, 6 miles from Matlock,..and take the train to the Winfield Station. 1847 Sylvan's Pict. Handbk. Clyde 93 We must incontinently quit the land of love and sorrow and poetry, and make haste to ‘catch the train’. 1874 E. Marshall Lily among Thorns ii. 34 ‘Did Lord Falmore propose to drive you home? Why did not you accept his offer?’ ‘Because I prefer the train.’ 1918 E. Wharton Let. 15 Feb. (1988) 404 The elderly châtelains in ‘city clothes’ scuttling daily down the divine plane-avenue to catch the train into Marseilles. a1979 B. D'J. Pancake Stories (1983) 135 I would maybe take the train—since that was the only way I knew to get out, from my father's Depression stories. 2005 G. Letherby & G. Reynolds Train Tracks 135 This is not to say that people use the train to access leisure facilities and not for going on holiday any more. (c) by train: travelling or transported in a train, by means of a train. ΚΠ 1841 Christian Investigator 4 Sept. 103/1 We remained one night at Hull, and travelled together by the steamer to Selby, and from thence by train to Leeds. 1851 C. Brontë Let. 31 Oct. (2000) II. 707 I have just despatched by Train a return box of books to Cornhill. 1891 M. Williams Later Leaves 397 My Court missionary saw the two off by train. 1941 Pop. Sci. Monthly July 95/2 When air mail must be carried on the final lap of its journey by train or truck, the loss of time is serious. 2003 J. Mullaney We'll be Back 7 My mates..decided we'd make a day of it and go by train,..and after the match, win or lose, have a night out on Broad Street, Birmingham. 22. A railway locomotive. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > [noun] locomotive engine1814 locomotive1829 power vehicle1901 train1904 unit1938 shunter1949 1904 Decatur (Illinois) Rev. 18 Dec. 11/4 Dear Santa Claus—I want..a little puffer train and cars. 1959 Oxf. Mail 21 Jan. 6/3 The soft plastic trains and cars had their wheels removed very promptly and the push-and-go ‘engines’ soon fall out. 1999 M. Mallett Young Researchers ii. 35 The children..mentioned a favourite character Thomas the Tank Engine as an example of a steam train. 23. slang (originally U.S., chiefly in African-American use). A sexual act in which a number of people have intercourse with the same individual in quick succession, esp. as an act of gang rape. Frequently in to run a train on a person: to have sex with or rape a person in such a way. Cf. to pull a train at pull v. 12b. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > [noun] > defilement of chastity or woman > forcible > specific types of statutory rape1873 gang rape1875 marital rape1884 train1962 pack rape1972 date rape1973 acquaintance rape1974 1962 P. Crump Burn, Killer, Burn! xxviii. 297 So now we've got the perfect broad. Who's first on the train? 1980 B. Hornadge Austral. Slanguage (1981) xxxii. 191 A different kettle of fish entirely is the train, a subtle form of pack rape achieved by peer group pressures. 1990 S. Morgan Homeboy xxiv. 152 The niggers and chilichokers dragged that boy back to the showers, gagged him with a sock and ran a train on him all night long. 1995 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 6 Apr. 45/1 Frequent ‘trains’—the rape of a girl by several guys at one time—McCall also recalls as a rite. 2002 S. Holmes B-More Careful xvii. 184 Dudes she normally wouldn't have given the time of day to now got her high and ran trains on her. Passing Mimi around from friend to friend was like a plate of food they could eat from. †III. Nouns of action reflecting train v.¹ or its etymon Frenchtraîner in various senses. Obsolete. 24. An act or period of delaying. Obsolete.See note at train n.¹ 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [noun] longingeOE bideOE abodec1225 bodea1300 demura1300 dwella1300 litinga1300 delayc1300 delayingc1300 demurrancec1300 but honec1325 without ensoignec1325 abidec1330 dretchingc1330 dwellingc1330 essoinc1330 tarrying1340 litea1350 delaymenta1393 respitea1393 oversettinga1398 delayancea1400 delitea1400 lingeringa1400 stounding?a1400 sunyiea1400 targea1400 train?a1400 deferring14.. dilation14.. dayc1405 prolongingc1425 spacec1430 adjourningc1436 retardationc1437 prolongation?a1439 training1440 adjournment1445 sleuthingc1450 tarry1451 tarriance1460 prorogation1476 oversetc1485 tarriage1488 debaid1489 supersedement1492 superseding1494 off-putting1496 postponing1496 tract1503 dilating1509 sparinga1513 hafting1519 sufferance1523 tracking1524 sticking1525 stay1530 pause1532 protraction1535 tracting1535 protract of time1536 protracting1540 postposition1546 staying1546 procrastination1548 difference1559 surceasing1560 tardation1568 detract1570 detracting1572 tarryment1575 rejourning1578 detraction1579 longness1579 rejournment1579 holding1581 reprieving1583 cunctation1585 retarding1585 retardance1586 temporizing1587 by and by1591 suspensea1592 procrastinatinga1594 tardance1595 linger1597 forslacking1600 morrowing1602 recess1603 deferment1612 attendance1614 put-off1623 adjournal1627 fristing1637 hanging-up1638 retardment1640 dilatoriness1642 suspension1645 stickagea1647 tardidation1647 transtemporation1651 demurragea1656 prolatation1656 prolation1656 moration1658 perendination1658 offput1730 retardure1751 postponement1757 retard1781 traverse1799 tarrowing1832 mañana1845 temporization1888 procrastinativeness1893 deferral1895 traa dy liooar1897 stalling1927 heel-tapping1949 off-put1970 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 263 For þe pes to haue, he mad so long a trayne. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 264 Þorgh Edward long trayne Gascoyn is born doun, Non defendes his chayne, but only Bayoun. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xix. 60 Men holde and kepe the in talkyng as by a long trayne fyndyng alwayes somme controuersies that nede not... But onely for to passe tyme. 25. Horse Riding. a. A particular gait, perhaps one in which the two feet on one side are lifted together, alternately with the two feet on the other, at the speed of a trot. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by speed or gait > [noun] > type(s) of gait > gait resembling amble or rack train1566 pace1663 pacing1706 tripple1880 single-foot1882 trippling1901 1566 T. Blundeville Bredynge of Horses ii. f. 6^v, in Fower Offices Horsemanshippe Their [sc. Turkye horses'] traueylinge pace is neyther Amble, Racke, nor Trotte, but a certayne kinde of easy trayne. 1607 G. Markham Cavelarice iv. 5 This shuffling & broken incertaine pace,..is neither amble nor trot, but a mixture of both, as taking his time keeping from trotting; and his motion of legges from ambling, and so compound this which is called a traine or racking. b. (a) The course or manner of a horse's movement; (b) a course or spell of riding. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > a ride or spell of riding or excursion roadeOE ridinga1325 train1575 trotc1650 ride1708 equitation1728 outride1740 horse-ride1903 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by speed or gait > [noun] > type(s) of gait pacec1450 train1575 gaits1684 going1690 1575 T. Churchyard in G. Gascoigne Posies sig. ¶¶¶.iij^v The horse full finely formde, whose pace and traine is true, Is more esteemde for good report, than likte for shape and view. 1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades viii. 136 His horse he [sc. Jupiter] beates, the ayre they clime, aloft they skimme amaine, Betweene the earth and welkin hie, they tread a iolly trayne. a1625 J. Fletcher Womans Prize i. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Nnnnn2^v/1 A good tough traine would break thee all to pieces. 1677 Lovers Quarrel (ed. 2) sig. B Your choice horses are wild and tough, And little they can skill of their train. 1686 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation (ed. 3) v. vii. 75 A Horse-length lost by odds of Weight in the first Train may prove a distance in the straight Course at last; for the Weight is the same every Heat tho his strength be not. 26. a. Training; education. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > education > [noun] informationa1387 instructionc1425 eruditionc1460 culture?1510 education?1533 training1537 trainment1570 train1581 manurance1594 nurturing1629 schoolcraft1631 manurementa1639 manuring1726 schoolmastering1830 paideia1892 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions Ep. Ded. sig. ij The generall traine and bringing vp of youth. 1811 G. Hardinge Let. 15 Aug. in J. Nichols Illustr. Lit. Hist. 18th Cent. (1818) III. 29 He whispered..that he had for two months been putting a little Circuit horse in train for my use of him in spring. b. Falconry. A short flight given to a hawk in training. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > [noun] > training flight train1616 the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > hawk > flight gate1340 point1595 train1616 1616 G. Markham in tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) vii. xliv. 709 These flights are called traines, because they only traine or teach a young Hawke how to bestow her wing, and make her selfe victor ouer the prey she seeketh. Compounds C1. In sense 2. a. With the sense ‘having a train’. train dress n. ΚΠ 1792 Trans. Soc. Arts 10 199 The principal consumption in this cloth, is in train-dresses for ladies' wearing. 1870 Milliner & Dressmaker Dec. 347/1 A handsome train dress composed by Worth. A long flowing train of black faille, [etc.]. 1922 Clay-worker Mar. 341/1 A wonderful woman, beautiful, tall and stately, she came marching down with a long train dress. 2004 B. Pierce Tempting Heiress xxii. 317 She wore the gown the dressmaker had delivered..It was a white crêpe train dress. train gown n. ΚΠ 1558 in E. Roberts & K. Parker Southampton Probate Inventories, 1447–1575 (1992) I. 88 One Trayne gowine, xx s. 1807 La Belle Assemblée Aug. 113/2 A round train gown of white sarsnet, with square back, wrap front, and short full sleeve. 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. vii. 17/1 Wives of quality..have train-gowns four or five ells in length; which trains there are boys to carry. 1912 T. Dreiser Financier xix. 215 Mrs. Lillian Cowperwood looked charming in a train gown of old rose. 1997 E. W. Leider Becoming M. West (2000) vii. 127 A black velvet train gown, paired with a white aigrette and silver headdress. † train petticoat n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1678 London Gaz. No. 1287/4 One long Train petticoat of rich flowred Silk. 1803 Boston Weekly Mag. 27 Aug. 179/2 Promenade dresses.—Robe of white muslin, with a train petticoat. 1870 Sister Maria Celeste tr. Galileo in Private Life Galileo ii. 40 Woolen cloth for a train petticoat, braccia 4⅔. train skirt n. ΚΠ 1836 Royal Lady's Mag. Apr. 215/2 The train skirt is bordered with gold, and looped back with gold coloured ribbon bows. 1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta II. xxx. 15 A light muslin train-skirt. 1903 W. E. Griffis Young People's Hist. Holland xxxiv. 302 She was dressed in white, with train skirt, over which, and hung from her shoulders, were four yards of red velvet embroidered with gold. 2000 G. Morris Edge of Honor i. 21 She moved back and forth,..making sure the train skirt decorated with lace and velvet ruching trailed properly. b. train-bearer n. an attendant who holds up the train of a person wearing a formal robe, as a monarch or bride; also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > [noun] > train-bearer train-bearer1587 tail-bearer1598 1587 J. Harmar tr. T. de Bèze Serm. xxviii. 377 The reuerendissimies haue their long tailes carried vp by their traine-bearers. 1655 Roll of Battel Abbey in T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 153 The Sun..is a comfortable Vsher to go before, but bad Train-bearer to come behind one. 1722 London Gaz. No. 6084/6 Sir Robert Rich his Train-bearer sitting over-against him. 1838 Queen Victoria Jrnl. 28 June in Lett. (2009) I. 135 I..went into a robing-room..where I found my eight train-bearers. 1871 J. R. Lowell Pope in Prose Wks. (1890) IV. 56 No poet more often than he makes the second line of the couplet a mere train-bearer to the first. 1906 Surveyor 3 Aug. 165/2 There were three bridesmaids and two train bearers. 2009 Times (Nexis) 15 July 21 It's just him on stage, by himself, without even a train-bearer for company. train-bearing adj. holding up the train of a person wearing a formal robe, as a monarch or bride. ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Queuë Damoiselle de queuë. A waiting, or traine-bearing Gentlewoman. 1841 Waldie's Sel. Circulating Libr. May 267/1 The priests..employed him as one of the bell-ringing and train-bearing boys, who serve at the altar. 1921 G. C. D. Odell Shakespeare from Betterton to Irving I. i. vi. 207 The only authentic reference to the train-bearing page..is in Mrs. Behn's Roundheads (Dorset Garden, 1682). In Act II, Scene I, Lady Fleetwood enters, ‘her train born up’. 2006 C. Scribner Shadow of God 30 I was decidedly underwhelmed by..my superfluous role—one of two train-bearing pages of one of the Three Kings. train tea n. a tea party at which formal dress is worn, spec. on the occasion of a debutante's presentation at court. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > meal > feast > [noun] > tea-party school feast1708 tea1738 tea-treatc1748 tea-visit1765 tea-party1778 tea-drinking1781 thé1788 tea junketing1820 tea-night1823 tea-shine1838 tea-fight1849 tea soirée1850 muffin-worry1859 kettledrum1861 muffin-fight1876 pink tea1883 bun-worry1889 train tea1895 tea-meeting1897 bun-struggle1899 American tea1915 silver tea1921 bunfight1928 society > leisure > social event > social gathering > party > [noun] > tea- or coffee-party tea1738 tea-visit1765 tea-party1778 tea-drinking1781 thé1788 tea junketing1820 tea-night1823 cookie shine1830 tea-shine1838 tea-fight1849 tea soirée1850 muffin-worry1859 muffin-fight1876 coffee-party1886 kaffeeklatsch1888 bun-worry1889 train tea1895 tea-meeting1897 bun-struggle1899 silver tea1921 bunfight1928 klatsch1953 coffee morning1962 1895 ‘Mrs. A. Dean’ Grasshoppers iv. 36 She did not ask the question aloud, but Mrs. Theodore saw it in her smile when she came to the train tea. 1897 Spectator 16 Jan. 96/1 The ‘train-tea’ that celebrates the presentation at Court of an English girl in good society. 2001 J. Pettigrew Social Hist. Tea 107/3 Such events..[were] also called ‘train teas’ on account of the long trains that were a part of typical court dresses. C2. In senses of branch II.***. a. General attributive. train car n. ΚΠ 1831 Niles' Weekly Reg.* 15 Jan. 356/1 The engine costs $4,900—power at 10 miles per hour. 100 bales of cotton, 5 train cars. 1921 Canad. Mining Jrnl. 23 Sept. 758/1 Why not let the boys..have a ride in a train car hauled by an electric or gasoline locomotive? 2008 K. Schwabach Hope Chest viii. 91 The conductor followed Myrtle down the length of the train car to the vestibule between the cars. train crash n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > accident on railway run-off1847 runaway train1848 derailment1850 train wreck1876 derailing1884 runaway1886 train crash1904 1887 Atchison (Kansas) Daily Globe 22 June (headline) Express train crash.] 1904 National Leaflet Apr. Casualties of a month... 20 killed by train crash. 1957 D. Du Maurier Scapegoat x. 133 A train-crash north of Lyons. 1979 P. Theroux Old Patagonian Express xix. 293 I don't want to be in a train crash. But I have a very bad feeling about this train. 2001 Times 7 Mar. ii. 7/1 Journalists crowd expectantly round the newsdesk. Is it a train crash? A ministerial resignation? train crew n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > train-staff train staff1853 train crew1866 1866 Rep. Railroad & Canal Companies Pennsylvania 1865 233 Conductors, baggage masters and brakemen, engineers and firemen, and all train crews..[$]629,427[.]61. 1904 McClure's Mag. Apr. 617/1 As for the train crew, we never had any more trouble with them than if they had been so many sheep. 1976 P. R. White Planning for Public Transport viii. 162 If a train is stopped because of a derailment, blockage, etc. between signal boxes..it is necessary for the train crew to protect the trains with emergency lamps. 1995 N. Whittaker Platform Souls (1996) i. 23 Although we saw the shed foreman and the train crews as spoilsports, they must have had many a hairy moment with young kids dodging around between moving railway engines. train fare n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > fare train fare1843 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > fare > by rail train fare1843 1843 Northern Star 22 Apr. 7/5 Expended..Witnesses train fare from Birmingham. 1905 J. Joyce Let. 15 Oct. (1966) II. 122 I will send you 100 crowns to pay your trainfare. 1983 USA Today 19 Apr. 3 a/1 In New York, trainfare and bagels were free as 90,000 suburban commuters got their trains back after a six week strike. 2009 R. Narasimhan College Algebra ii. 195 The formula for commuter train fares may vary according to the time of day traveled. train hand n. [compare hand n. 14] chiefly U.S. ΚΠ 1838 22nd Ann. Rep. Board Public Wks. Virginia 81/1 Current expenses..Depot and train hands. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 3 Sept. 5/1 Many acts of heroism are reported, especially on the part of train hands. 1928 A. F. MacDougall Autobiogr. Business Woman iii. 78 I breakfasted at a counter... My companions were railroad laborers and train hands. 2010 A. Amend Stations West i. ii. 23 Garfield will help the train hands, earning a nickel for his efforts if the hands are in a generous mood. train hostess n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > train-staff > woman who takes care of passengers hostess1936 train hostess1938 1938 Times 14 Oct. 15/7 The recreation car was provided with a cinema, and there we watched Miss Smith, the train hostess, carrying out her duties. 1971 N.Z. News 10 Mar. 5 Train hostesses who serve the needs of passengers on New Zealand Railways' ‘Southerner’ express trains between Christchurch and Invercargill pose in their distinctive transit red uniforms. 1998 M. Chateauvert Marching Together vi. 121 For train hostesses, their light physical tasks, the comfort and cleanliness of their work, and their gender separated them from the common railwaymen. train journey n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > a journey by railway railway journey1846 train journey1849 road trip1865 train ride1875 1849 A. R. Smith Pottleton Legacy ix. 65 In his impatience the cheap train journey appeared as though it would never come to an end. 1900 G. Swift Somerley 94 On our train-journey home. 1954 Life 15 Nov. 179/1 His [sc. Sir Anthony Eden's] mother later recalled how, on train journeys between school and home, he precociously recited the fortunes of the Tory party in all the towns they passed. 2005 M. Lewycka Short Hist. Tractors in Ukrainian xxii. 228 Those who got up the nose of the authorities might be sent off on the long train journey from which there was no return. trainload n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > conveyance by rail or train > quantity or number carried by train trainload1819 traffic1832 trainful1850 carloading1947 1819 Trial J. Siveright 97 in Rep. Proc. Disputes Earl of Selkirk & North-west Company Oct. 1818 I know of two train-loads being seized by our people from some of the North-West Company's servants. 1873 Law Times 24 May 64/2 The brilliant idea of avenging his wrongs by the wholesale destruction of a trainload of Queen's Counsel, barristers, special pleaders, and law students. 1913 in E. J. Ward Social Center xviii. 303 Buyers come by the trainload, and a town is started in a day. 1998 S. Orlean Orchid Thief 79 In one shipment in 1890 two thousand butterfly orchids went by train from the Fakahatchee to New York City, followed by trainloads of dollar orchids. train passenger n. ΚΠ 1837 Manch. Guardian 5 July The booking-office..hitherto used by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company as a booking office for the first-class train passengers. 1911 San Francisco Chron. 31 Mar. 2/1 (headline) Train passengers in New York see tragedy. 2006 P. Williams-Forson Building Houses out of Chicken Legs 1 Women..learned the trade of selling chicken, hot biscuits, coffee, and other foodstuffs to hungry train passengers. train ride n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > a journey by railway railway journey1846 train journey1849 road trip1865 train ride1875 1875 Pathfinder Railway Guide Nov. 8/2 Mr. S. E. Mayo..organized a delightful tour, consisting of a special train ride to Glens Falls. 1932 W. Faulkner Light in August vi. 132 Perhaps he remembered suddenly the train ride and the food. 2002 ‘Mistress Chloe’ Dominatrix x. 157 On the endless train rides home, it occurred to me that Goddess Louise was the first kinky person I'd ever met who wasn't the very picture of well-adjustedness. train speed n. ΚΠ 1840 Northern Star 21 Nov. 1/5 I think I was going at the regular train speed—about eighteen miles an hour. 1901 Daily Chron. 1 May 8/7 In these days when train-speeds in Great Britain are mostly stationary. 1959 J. R. Meyer Econ. Competition in Transportation Industry 330 This could reflect..a greater degree of wear and tear occasioned by greater average train speed in passenger service. 2004 Face Apr. 176 The Mag-Lev train holds the world train speed record: 581km/h. train station n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > station station1830 station house1833 train depot1833 railway station1836 railroad station1837 depot1842 rail station1848 rail1850 train station1856 gare1870 1845 Morning Chron. 11 Mar. 6/5 A box, containing two bars of gold, value £1,600, was stolen from the luggage train station of the Dover Railroad.] 1856 Daily News 14 Nov. 5/3 I got into the cab and told the cabman to drive up to the Dover train station. 1955 W. Gaddis Recognitions ii. iii. 422 Go to a train station yourself..or a bus station. 1981 N.Y. Times Mag. 21 June 10/3 When was the last time you heard a young, rich-affluent-wealthy type use the phrase railroad station? Upper-class use is now train station. 2003 D. Brown Da Vinci Code (2004) xxxv. 210 The inside of Gare du Nord looked like every other train station in Europe. train thief n. ΚΠ 1862 Galveston (Texas) Weekly News 25 June 2/5 Andrews, the Lincoln train thief, has been recaptured and sent to Atlanta for execution. 1908 H. Craik Impressions India iv. 31 The unresting vigilance of the train-thief and the housebreaker. 2003 J. R. Vacca Identity Theft iii. ix. 208 Train thieves spray chemicals inside sleeping compartments to render the occupant(s) unconscious. train timetable n. ΚΠ 1853 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 13 Oct. Sometimes station masters are furnished with a goods train time table.] 1854 Daily Cleveland (Ohio) Herald 30 Jan. It was the improper and thoughtless arrangement of train time tables, which crowded the trains too closely together. 1939 Manch. Guardian 9 Mar. 4/3 The manager of the M.C.C. team is anxiously consulting the boat and train time-tables in order to get the M.C.C team to Cape-town. 2010 E. Potter Kneebone Boy iv. 58 She had used the train timetable as a bookmark, and she happened to notice the time of the last train. train track n. chiefly U.S. ΚΠ 1853 Rep. Investigating Comm. Vermont Central Railroad Co. 156 (table) Name of station..Gravel Train Track, Montpelier Junc[tion].] 1856 J. B. Trask Geol. Surv. Calif. 29 The train-track and adit on the east of the vein having been completed to a length of nine hundred feet. 1881 Chicago Times 17 June Running a car from a siding on the train track. 1946 C. McCullers Member of Wedding iii. 171 The train tracks gleamed silver and exact and some freight-cars were off on a siding in the distance. 2002 Time Out N.Y. 25 Apr. 123/1 In ‘Gospel Train’, twittering sounds flit by like signal lights along a remote train track, while a bassy rumble blinks in-and-out below. train travel n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > [noun] railway travelling1837 railroading1842 railwaying1843 rail travel1849 train travel1857 1857 Sci. Amer. 4 July 342/3 For express train travel the average time, excluding stops, is 35 miles per hour. 1895 Railway Conductor July 385/1 Like so many passengers who have had little experience in train travel, Jeemes was up and out at every station ‘to see’. 1902 Electr. World & Engineer 23 Aug. 280/1 The direction of train travel is from the bottom to the top of the diagram. 1979 P. Theroux Old Patagonian Express xiii. 200 The difficulties of train travel in Latin America. 2004 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 4 Apr. v. 8/5 Train travel has much lower check-in times, and can, in general, get you much closer to the center of a city. train trip n. ΚΠ 1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. July 241/2 This was exclusive of some occasional piloting and train trips. 1938 Amer. Home June 17/1 Necessity forces taking children on train trips more often than by any other means except motoring. 2002 P. Theroux Dark Star Safari (2003) xii. 271 Over the next two days I bought supplies for the train trip south. train whistle n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > steam locomotive > whistle train whistle1846 quill1940 1846 United Secession Mag. Mar. 121/2 Meanwhile the train-whistle sounds from the railway, and once more we drive along eastward. 1927 R. Lehmann Dusty Answer iii. i. 128 A far train-whistle roused her. 1981 V. Mehta Vedi (1982) i. 3 I remember the train whistle. It blew with a rush of steam. 2001 A. Trigiani Big Stone Gap (2003) i. 2 The train whistles are musical, sweet oboes in the dark. train window n. ΚΠ 1850 G. J. Holyoake Hist. Last Trial for Atheism in Eng. i. 1 I feel now the fierce blast which came in at the train windows from ‘the fields of Tewkesbury’, on the day on which we travelled from Worcester to Cheltenham. 1945 P. Larkin Let. 31 Oct. in Sel. Lett. (1992) 110 In point of fact I had spewed out of a train window. 2010 Sacramento (Calif.) Bee (Electronic ed.) 30 July b1 What you often see out of the train windows: warehouses, parking, the sense of nowhere. trainyard n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > station > yard wagon-yard1827 yard1827 train depot1833 railway yard1854 trainyard1866 marshalling yard1877 rail yard1888 1849 Morning Post 21 Feb. 8/4 On Thursday evening last an accident occurred in the Goods Train Yard of the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway.] 1866 Rep. Special Comm. Railroads (Ohio Gen. Assembly) (1867) 44 What authority or privileges do you give them in your train yards, in respect to the making up of your trains? 1903 O. Kildare My Mamie Rose 176 The train-yard, where the freight trains were made up. 1930 J. Dos Passos 42nd Parallel i. 16 Dumping grounds, trainyards. 1973 T. Pynchon Gravity's Rainbow i. 171 Out the windows..are a row of bare Army-colored poplars, a canal, a snowy trainyard. 2005 Independent 1 Mar. (Review section) 4/4 A new stadium over the desolate train yards on the West Side of Manhattan. b. Objective. train conductor n. ΚΠ 1840 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. Aug. 260/2 Wages to engine men and stokers... Wages to train conductors. 1936 Manch. Guardian 5 June 7/4 The train conductor..has got the sack for his interference with a passenger. 2010 D. Laskin Long Way Home i. 4 The train conductor came through the car demanding in Russian to see the passengers' tickets. train derailment n. ΚΠ 1881 Van Nostrand's Engin. Mag. Apr. 344/1 Sundry cases of train derailment caused by wind. 1943 Manch. Guardian 10 Dec. 8/2 Train derailments, factory explosions, and interference with German military installations are almost daily occurrences. 2008 A. Lustgarten China's Great Train xii. 256 There was no mention of the train derailment earlier in the autumn near the Kunlun Pass, or of the freight train collision. train driver n. ΚΠ 1840 Morning Chron. 27 Aug. Foster, who met with so unfortunate an accident on your line, was engaged under my direction as train-driver for about three weeks only. 1907 A. Poock Socialism & Individualism 39 Are doctors, train-drivers, farm-managers and farm-labourers, judges and postmen..all to receive an equal wage? 2007 Hobart Mercury (Nexis) 10 Feb. 13 People who trespass on rail tracks are putting their own lives and the lives of train drivers at great risk. train robber n. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > [noun] > of train train robber1867 1867 Dubuque (Iowa) Daily Herald 24 Jan. The train robbers who subsequently killed Harvey King, one of the band, have been sentenced to be hanged. 1892 A. C. Gunter Miss Dividends (1893) 257 An institution..implacable in its pursuit of train robbers, highwaymen, and others that raid the precious things the business community intrust to it. 1960 L. I. Perrigo Our Spanish Southwest xvi. 312/1 Passengers on trains in the northeastern part of the territory were boldly held up time and again until a conductor shot and wounded the train robber, ‘Black Jack’ Ketchum. 2004 B. Dylan Chronicles I. iv. 189 There were a lot of bank robbers back then, a lot of jail breakers—a lot of holdup men, train robbers. train robbery n. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > [noun] > of train train robbery1866 1866 I. McKinley Let. 10 Nov. in Rep. Secretary of War (U.S. War Dept.) (1867) 199 What their purpose or intentions were is not known, but surmised to be to quash any reports circulating in regard to the late train robbery. 1905 Daily Chron. 17 Apr. 4/5 There are two forms of criminal activity in which the United States enjoys an unenviable distinction. One of them is lynching and the other is train-robbery. 1964 A. Bennett et al. Beyond Fringe (1991) 67 The great train robbery of over three million pounds continues to baffle the British Police. 2010 J. Eig Get Capone i. xi. 74 Not more than two weeks after the train robbery, Soltis got his first break. train-wrecker n. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [noun] > vandalism or iconoclasm > vandal or iconoclast defacer1534 image-breaker1565 iconoclasta1629 Goth1663 Vandal1663 Huna1744 book-burner1821 idoloclast1843 train-wrecker1873 biblioclast1880 trasher1970 1873 Appleton's Jrnl. 8 Nov. 585/3 It was much better..that Katie's husband should farm broad acres of the fertile valley than that he should any more be at the mercy of train-wreckers and wayside lanterns. 1891 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 26 Oct. 1/6 A train-wrecker caught. 1995 New Scientist 28 Oct. 54/3 The train-wrecker's note is being deconstructed back at FBI head-quarters by a team of ‘psycholinguists’. train-wrecking n. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun] > demolition subversiona1382 razinga1400 racing?a1450 beating down1530 rasing1552 demolishing1560 plucking1560 demolitiona1572 downpulling1581 demolishment1602 slighting1640 wreck1711 wrecking1775 wreckage1837 train-wrecking1872 unbuilding1879 demo1945 1872 Boston Daily Globe 28 Nov. 9/3 (headline) The train-wrecking mania. 1885 Manch. Examiner 10 Jan. 5/1 An unsuccessful attempt at train-wrecking. 1938 Life 13 June 15/1 Train wrecking is always the trump card of Mexican revolutionaries. 2009 C. N. Feimster Southern Horrors vi. 165 The remaining victims were accused of a range of crimes, from stealing a Bible to train wrecking. c. train boy n. now historical (a) (U.S. and Canadian) a boy selling newspapers, etc., on a railway train; (b) Coal Mining a boy accompanying a train in a mine to assist with its running. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > seller > sellers of specific things > [noun] > seller of books, newspapers, or pamphlets > types of bawdy-basket1567 ballad-monger1598 land-pirate1608 map-monger1639 bookwoman1647 mercury1648 second-hand bookseller1656 Bible-seller1707 map-seller1710 stall-man1761 book auctioneer1776 scrap-monger1786 colporteur1796 death-hunter1851 train boy1852 speech-crier1856 roarer1865 looker-out1894 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > coal-miner > who works with trams, tubs, etc. coal putter1708 foal1770 onsetter1789 putter1812 headsman1813 trapper1815 thruster1825 trammer1839 train boy1852 tram1856 hanger-on1858 tipper1861 hooker-on?1881 jiggerer?1881 hitcher1890 tub-loader1891 haulier1892 tilter1892 unhooker1892 flatter1894 jagger1900 thrutcher1901 tram-boy1904 filler1921 1852 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 23 Aug. The train-boy undertook to fill his lamp from a large can of camphine. 1854 Minutes of Evid. 82 in First Rep. Select Comm. Accidents Coal Mines (House of Commons) The signals directed by the ‘viewer,’ must be given by the ‘train boy’. 1872 Harper's Mag. Mar. 638/2 He was going down to St. Paul to join the session, when a train-boy passed through the car. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 21 Feb. 10/2 Scarcely any observer has omitted to complain of the importunities of the train-boy [on American railways], with his merchandise of bananas and candies and chewing gum and dime novels. 1930 Classified Index Occupations Fifteenth Census (U.S. Bureau of Census) 41/2 (table) Train boy, coal mine. 1994 R. Paige Death at Bishop's Keep ii. 5 Frank Leslie, whose Popular Monthly was hawked by every train boy on every railway in the country. train call n. Theatre an announcement of, or a roll call before, the time for touring performers to catch a train to the next tour stop. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > circuit > call for touring performers train call1898 1898 F. H. Gribble Sunlight & Limelight i. 3 The train call having been for half-past ten, the ladies had felt obliged to start without attending to the minutiæ of their toilette. 1933 P. Godfrey Back-stage xvi. 206 He packs his dress-basket, notes down the time of the train-call from the notice-board by the stage door. 1952 W. Granville in P. Beale & E. Partridge Dict. Catch Phrases (1986) 257 ‘It'll look all right on the train call, I suppose’ (the ref. being to the informal roll-call a little before the train left). 2008 N. Phillips Stage struck Me iii. 286 On Saturday morning Robb, Robin and I joined the company train call at Euston Station. train caller n. U.S. (now chiefly historical) a railway official who announces the destinations of departing trains (see quot. 1921). ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > announcer train caller1868 1868 W. W. in Athenæum 17 Oct. 500/1 The train-caller did his duty so well, that throng after throng left the tables as their trains were ready. 1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §706 Train caller; a porter whose only duty is to call out destination of a departing train..; also calls out name of own station on arrival of trains. 1967 J. Reach David & Lisa i. 9 In the background, we hear the sounds of a busy railroad station: People hurrying,..perhaps a Train Caller announcing a train about to depart. 2003 Press Enterprise (Riverside, Calif.) (Nexis) 4 Dec. c1 He helped make the town known because his long-running TV show featured a train caller shouting out for ‘Anaheim, Azusa and Cucamonga’. train compartment n. †(a) a partitioned space on a train station platform (obsolete rare); (b) an enclosed seating or sleeping area in a railway carriage; = compartment n. 5b. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > railway wagon or carriage > carriage designed to carry passengers > compartment train compartment1852 compartment1862 1852 Trewman's Exeter Flying Post 1 July 6/5 The iron was lying in front of the Company's train compartment, under the platform. 1885 R. Clark Chicago to Naples 113 Rowe looked after the baggage and our train compartment. We got one to ourselves..and went to sleep. 1958 Times 5 June 6/4 People even refused to travel in the same train compartment as a salvationist because they were likely to be asked whether they were saved. 2010 T. Cooper & A. Ainsberg Breakthrough xix. 126 Settling into his seat in a first class train compartment, he put his briefcase on the empty seat across from him. train dispatcher n. U.S. and Canadian a railway official with responsibility for the movement of trains in a particular area or on a particular stretch of line. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > in charge of a railway or part of a railway trainmaster1828 train porter1842 train dispatcher1855 1855 Ann. Rep. Railroad Statistics N.Y. (N.Y. Engineer & Surveyor's Office) 429 Henry Goetchins, train dispatcher, was..crushed in such a manner as to cause his instant death. 1881 Chicago Times 14 May John Converse is appointed assistant train-dispatcher. 1954 Pop. Mech. Aug. 131/2 Newly installed equipment enables the train dispatcher at Dunsmuir, Calif., to keep switches free of ice along the distant 62-mile stretch. 2006 B. Solomon Working on Railroad iv. 128/1 In the context of modern operations, the train dispatcher is the most essential position in railroading. Without a dispatcher's authority, nothing moves and the track cannot be maintained. train ferriage n. now rare the transporting of trains by train ferry; a system for this. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > transportation by water > [noun] > shipping business or trade > ferrying > conveying of trains by ferry train ferriage1867 1867 N.Y. Times 13 Jan. 3/1 Thus giving a uniform gauge—with the addition of a train ferriage across the Detroit River—from New-York City to the Mississippi. 1897 Month Sept. 281 Behring Strait could be crossed by some powerful system of train-ferriage. 1911 Railroad Operating Costs (Suffern & Son) (ed. 2) 24 Train ferriage across these straits, a matter of a hundred miles, is neither practical nor economical. train ferry n. a ferry for transporting trains across a stretch of water from one railway to another. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel for transporting people or goods > [noun] > ferry > types of toni1582 horse-boat1591 bac1676 ferry bridge1696 rope-ferry1755 pont1776 ferry flat1805 steam-ferry1812 steam ferry-boat1812 night boat1839 bar-boat1857 train ferry-boat1867 car ferry1884 grind1889 swinging-bridge1892 train ferry1900 night ferry1948 SeaCat1954 walla-walla1957 1870 Chambers's Jrnl. 2 July 424/2 But let us look a little more closely at the train-ferry method. 1900 Monthly Rev. 1 41 The present route is across the lake by train-ferry. 1955 Billboard 19 Feb. 76/4 The show was finally allowed to board the train-ferry to Denmark—which had to stand by while the dispute was under way. 2007 C. Cussler Chase 373 The train ferry wasn't built for rough water. train ferry-boat n. chiefly U.S. (now rare) = train ferry n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel for transporting people or goods > [noun] > ferry > types of toni1582 horse-boat1591 bac1676 ferry bridge1696 rope-ferry1755 pont1776 ferry flat1805 steam-ferry1812 steam ferry-boat1812 night boat1839 bar-boat1857 train ferry-boat1867 car ferry1884 grind1889 swinging-bridge1892 train ferry1900 night ferry1948 SeaCat1954 walla-walla1957 1858 N.Y. Herald 18 Dec. 3/6 Lost—A dark Russian mink muff, supposed to have been left on the Jersey City 11 o'clock railroad train ferry boat.] 1867 Sci. Amer. 1 June 350/1 The public will be great gainers..in the absence of the danger to which all have felt exposed in making the passage on the immense train ferry-boat hitherto used. 1900 A. R. Colquhoun Overland to China vi. 128 Train-ferry-boats, as used in America and Denmark, are to be run across Lake Baikal. 1978 Wall St. Jrnl. 21 Feb. 43/5 It halted one of its two coal-burning train-ferry boats on Lake Michigan. train indicator n. a changing display in a railway station giving details of arrivals and departures of trains. ΘΚΠ the world > time > reckoning of time > calendar > [noun] > timetable or schedule timesc1410 time bill1810 train indicator1849 time sheet1850 horary1851 timetable1856 schedule1863 horarium1921 sked1929 time frame1946 timeline1948 society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > station > device showing times of trains train indicator1849 indicator1913 1845 Morning Post 26 Aug. 2/5 (headline) Electrical railway train indicator.] 1849 Repertory Patent Inventions 13 350 (heading) Train Indicator, to be worked by Electric Agency. 1908 Daily Chron. 11 Mar. 9/5 The train-indicator, a huge framework confronting every passenger when he enters. There are eighteen clock faces, each of which tells the time at which the next train on the various lines departs. 1945 C. Stead For Love Alone xii. 116 Near the arch which leads to the train indicator for the northern lines..she heard a voice from the ticket-windows. 1997 W. Self Great Apes (1998) ii. 22 By the vending machine Simon blanched, and under the train indicator Simon sweated. train jumper n. originally U.S. (a) a person who jumps on to or from a (moving) train; (b) a person who boards a train illegally. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > traveller by rail > types of commutation passenger1856 commuter1865 train jumper1879 tube traveller1903 rod-rider1904 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > fare > by rail > non-payment of > one who train jumper1879 1879 N.-Y. Daily Tribune 15 May 5/1 A naughty but plucky little train-jumper lost a foot in Newark Valley... He attempted to jump on a freight train. 1882 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 2 May The result was a most interesting scrimmage between a very slim conductor and a very fat train-jumper. 1930 Times Lit. Suppl. 5 June 482/3 Setting out on his trek across the continent,..as hobo, ‘train jumper’,..and cook in a Great Lakes freighter. 1954 Boston Daily Globe 4 Jan. 1/7 (headline) Train jumper turns up in Berlin... Pvt Lowell jumped out of the train taking him to prison. 1996 D. T. Courtwright Violent Land (2001) ix. 178 Train jumpers rifled crates and boxes looking for portable or edible objects. 2010 Sun (Lowell, Mass.) (Nexis) 13 Dec. (headline) Soldiers may have saved life of train jumper... Man who jumped from a moving commuter train in Ayer last week survives. train jumping n. originally U.S. (a) the action of jumping on to or from a (moving) train; (b) the practice of boarding a train illegally. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > without paying free-riding1855 train jumping1881 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > fare > by rail > non-payment of train jumping1881 1881 Lebanon (Pa.) Daily News 29 Aug. The young man was arrested for train jumping. 1883 St. Louis Globe-Democrat 27 Mar. 1 To guard against any attempt at train-jumping, Houck wears a couple of ‘Oregon boots’, being a leather contrivance with a twelve-pound iron fastened to the calf of each leg. 1888 Deseret Weekly (Salt Lake City, Utah Territory) 29 Dec. 4/2 He also initiated Charles into the mysteries of train jumping. 1965 H. P. Tritton Time means Tucker i. 18 I..silently cursed myself for being fool enough to take on train-jumping. 1995 Sunday Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 17 Sept. At an early age he had a yearning to wander and has rarely settled since. The mischievous youth took up train jumping when he left home. 2004 J. Campbell Final Frontiersman ii. 39 Train jumping was perilous, and it was only a matter of time until someone got hurt. trainmaster n. U.S. a person in charge of a train or trains; spec. a railway official responsible for all aspects of operating trains in a particular area or on a particular stretch of line. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > in charge of a railway or part of a railway trainmaster1828 train porter1842 train dispatcher1855 1828 Ladies' Monthly Museum Nov. 280 Muleteers, with their..captains or train-masters, with the ancient cartridge belts, and the old Spanish gun, were mingled in these groups. 1850 Ann. Rep. Concord Railroad Corporation 16/1 (table) Sam'l H. Stevens, train-master. 1880 News & Press (Cimarron, New Mexico) 9 Sept. 3/2 Mr. Frank Fulton, train master on this Division,..gave the following information concerning the damage. 1898 Engin. Mag. 16 66 Of an American railway..the superintendent..is assisted by a trainmaster, a roadmaster or division engineer,..and a chief dispatcher. 1907 J. W. Schultz My Life as Indian xviii. 210 Berry declared that he would do no more freighting to the mines with his bull train; he would either sell it or employ some one as a train~master. 1950 F. P. Donovan Mileposts on Prairie x. 131 For a time, the uptown office had a superintendent, chief dispatcher, roadmaster, traveling engineer, freight traffic manager, trainmaster, and a staff of clerks. 2005 L. H. Kaufman Leaders Count ix. 320 Railroad people who knew Krebs as a young trainmaster..still are surprised to hear of the Aspen Institute program. train mile n. each mile of the aggregate distance run by all the trains on a railway in a given period, as a unit in estimating amount of traffic, working expenses, etc. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > operation of railways > aggregate distance run by all trains > each mile of train mile1846 the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > mile > distance in miles > run by trains train mile1846 the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > mile > distance in miles > unit of distance travelled train mile1846 vehicle mile1871 passenger-mile1888 seat-mile1953 1846 Standard (London) 24 Mar. 2/5 The number of train miles worked during the period was..by the broad gauge but 3,101,763. 1868 Q. Rev. Oct. 300 The working expense per train-mile is 2s. 6d. 1905 Publ. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 9 166 The ratio of freight train-miles to passenger train-miles is approximately 5 to 4 in the United States. 1963 Jrnl. Industr. Econ. 11 173 Diesel multiple units cost 4s. to 6s. per train mile. 2010 J. J. Hess & J. A. Razzak in H. Frumkin Environmental Health (ed. 2) iv. xxii. 832 In 2003, according to the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), there were over 750 million train miles traveled, and there were 368 fatalities involving highway-rail crossings. train mileage n. the aggregate distance run by all the trains on a railway in a given period, the total number of train miles. ΚΠ 1845 Minutes of Evid. in Rep. Select Comm. Atmospheric Railways (House of Commons) 121 At Dalkey, when I was there, there were 10 trains a day running each way; the consumption of fuel then was upon the train mileage 266 lbs. a mile. I understand from the evidence given by Mr. Nicholson..that the consumption of fuel when 27 trains are running is 115 lbs. per mile. 1868 Q. Rev. Oct. 301 A large proportion of the train-mileage run..is useless, being far in excess of [public] requirements. 1909 Great Central Railway Rep. 6 Aug. 5 The strictest economy has been exercised in train mileage. 2007 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 12 Apr. b3 The company isn't pushing for hourly rates for those currently paid based on train mileage. train number n. a number designating a particular railway service; (also) an identifying number given to a railway engine. ΚΠ 1874 Jrnl. Railway Assoc. Amer. Oct. 128 The system of making each engine show its train number on the head-light or elsewhere. 1944 Pop. Mech. Sept. 34/2 The block operator has a busy few seconds to jot down on his log the engine number, train number, the time and track of each passing train. 2008 B. M. Hood Supersense viii. 198 In the United Kingdom we have people who collect train numbers. train operator n. (a) a person employed by a railway company to operate a telegraph or (occasionally) telephone, esp. on board a train (now rare); (b) a person who drives or otherwise operates a train; (also) a company which runs (part of) a railway system. ΚΠ 1879 Inter Ocean (Chicago) 6 June 2/4 H. E. Berry, the train operator, who was shocked by lightning from the telegraph wire, died yesterday morning. 1887 S. C. Logan City's Danger & Def. i. 11 They were understood to have for their specific object the protection of the interests of locomotive engineers, and other train operators, under the law. 1930 Pop. Mech. Mag. July 15/1 An automatic calling device..tells the train operator that a call is coming through. 1995 K. de Jaeger-Ponnet in C. J. Kirkland Engin. Channel Tunnel viii. 129 Passengers traversing the 50km of the Channel Tunnel will no doubt wish to feel confident that the train operator is always in contact with dry land at either end. 2004 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 26 June 29 The new franchise contracts would see the railways agency make monthly payments to the train operators for providing the required frequency of trains, selling tickets and collecting revenues. train path n. see path n.¹ 6. train-pipe n. an air- or vacuum-pipe connecting all the brakes on a railway train having a continuous brake system; also called brake-pipe. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > devices to retard or stop motion > brake or braking apparatus > parts of train-pipe1847 brake disc1856 brake pad1858 brake-cylinder1874 brake-shoe1874 brake-pipe1886 brake-drum1896 brake lining1921 1847 Patent Jrnl. 10 Apr. 753/2 The patentee employs also a relief valve in connection with the train pipes. 1889 G. Findlay Working & Managem. Eng. Railway 120 While the train is running a continual vacuum is maintained in the train-pipes. 2000 P. W. B. Semmens & A. J. Goldfinch How Steam Locomotives really Work iii. 103 Most brake systems have two, different-sized ejectors. The small one operates continuously to maintain the vacuum in the train-pipe while the train is running. train platform n. (a) a platform at a railway station; = platform n. 2c; (b) an open area at the end of a railway carriage (now rare). ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > station > platform platform1838 train platform1865 island platform1885 1863 Builder 23 May 377/3 At the Shrubhill Station, Worcester, in addition to the new up-train platform..various important works..are in progress.] 1865 Hours at Home June 189/1 The occasions that called for this train-platform oratory were too trifling in themselves. 1879 All Year Round 23 Aug. 231/1 Without much ado I was surrounded, pushed about, and thrown off the train-platform on to the plain. 1931 G. Irwin Amer. Tramp & Underworld Slang 156 Red light, to do away with. The term originated with the..custom of disposing of an undesirable member of a circus or carnival crew by taking him out on a train platform after dark and hurling him off the train. 2005 Asiana Spring 97/2 Yet kissing between two people in love, whether it's in a soppy romantic comedy or somewhere everyday like on a train platform, leaves anyone with a mushy heart thinking: ‘aww’. train porter n. (a) a railway official in charge of a train over a single-line section of railway (now historical); (b) originally North American an attendant on a train, esp. in a sleeping car (cf. porter n.² 1d); (also) a person employed to carry luggage in a railway station. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > in charge of a railway or part of a railway trainmaster1828 train porter1842 train dispatcher1855 1842 Rep. Officers Railway Dept. p. vi (table) in Parl. Papers XLI. 13 Train Porter. 1873 Returns Railways Companies Connections 11 in Parl. Papers LVII. 765 Single Lines of Railway..Worked under the Train Porter System. 1878 J. L. Rock & W. I. Smith Southern & Western Texas Guide x. 235 Train Porters have been placed on all Day Cars of this line... Their duties are the same as those of Porters on Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars. 1923 Summary Accident Investig. Rep. (U.S. Interstate Commerce Comm.) 18 40 Circumstances strongly indicated that the train porter of train No. 106 was the man who operated the switch. It was his duty to open the switch after train No. 103 passed. 1945 Crisis Nov. 316/1 On a train enroute home from a relocation center the friendliest person they encountered was a Negro train porter. 2008 F. Clark Waking Brigid xvii. 210 After directing the train porter where to stack her luggage, she set off down the platform towards the station. train road n. a railway, a railway track; spec. = trainway n. (a). ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > track > temporary track trainway1839 train road1875 shoo-fly1905 1801 Recreations in Agric. Feb. 476 In mines,..where very small carriages only can be employed, very light rails are used, forming what are called train roads. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2610/1 Train-road,..a construction railway; a slight railway for small loads. 1929 A. C. Laut Romance of Rails I. ii. 15 Up in Quincy, Massachusetts, in 1826, a train road like a modern coal mine dump was in use to convey blocks of stone from a quarry for the Bunker Hill monument. 1999 M. Blum Walnut Tree v. 86 Townspeople bringing wares to the market, peasants smelling of rancid butter, put on their hair to protect against lice and the devil, lining the sidewalk, and trucks moving towards the train road. train set n. (a) a telephone or telegraph set designed to be used on a train (now rare); (b) a set of model trains, tracks, etc., required for a model railway; (c) a set of railway wagons or carriages, sometimes with a locomotive, coupled together to form a train. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > other toys > [noun] > model railway or train set model railway1909 train set1939–40 pike1940 society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > train train1814 railway train1834 railroad train1836 train1841 rail train1843 train wreck1876 train set1959 1907 Amer. Telephone Jrnl. 30 Nov. 353/1 A portable train set is also shown. One side of this set is hooked to the line wire by means of a line pole. 1919 Information Dumping & Unfair Foreign Competition U.S. (U.S. Tariff Comm.) 15 Imported train sets are sold at a price that is not sufficient for the American manufacturer to purchase the box in which they are packed. 1939–40 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 826/1 This excellent train set..comprises a No. 1 Special Locomotive..two No. 1 Pullman Coaches..and rails. 1959 G. F. Allen Brit. Railways Today & Tomorrow vii. 133 The Rosters usually indicate the preceding and succeeding use to which each coach of a train set is to be put. 1980 J. Cartwright Horse of Darius xi. 158 He was playing with his train set... He..passed his days in a world of trains and model airplanes. 1982 G. F. Whitehouse & P. B. Allen E. Treacy—Railway Photographer 42 The all-maroon train-set of the northbound ‘Flying Scotsman’ leaving Copenhagen Tunnel. 2002 T. Lott Rumours of Hurricane (2003) ix. 234 Of course, there are people who are obsessed by the things..Never stop going on about their bloody train sets. 2007 Mod. Railways Apr. 53/3 While the sidings are a useful place in which to dispose of a crippled trainset, they otherwise see very little use during the day. † train setter n. Obsolete a railway employee responsible for providing the correct formation of vehicles for a train. ΚΠ 1850 Caledonian Mercury 3 Jan. 4/1 There are 32 goods porters and train-setters at the Gloucester Midland station. 1878 F. S. Williams Midland Railway (ed. 4) 639 The train setters and their foremen. train shed n. (a) a shed for the shelter or storage of railway stock; (b) U.S. a roof supported by posts forming a shelter for one or more platforms at which trains stop; a roughly built or unenclosed railway station. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > station > unenclosed train shed1865 1865 Railway News 30 Sept. 355/2 At Salamanca a large extent of ground has been secured for a joint passenger station, goods depôt, and train sheds. 1879 24th Ann. Rep. North Central Railway Company 57 The baggage-room was also enlarged and an addition, 15 X 124 feet, made to the south end of the train shed, to be used for a restaurant, station master's office, room for train men, etc. 1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 21 Nov. 7/3 The great iron and glass portal [at Philadelphia, U.S.A.]..will constitute the most extensive railway train-shed in existence. 1921 Atlantic Reporter 113 130/1 The part of the pier occupied by the tracks and platforms is inclosed on its southwest and north sides, and is covered by a roof. The part of the pier lying west of this train shed is open and uninclosed. 1999 M. Sawyer Park & Ride (2000) xi. 194 The museum itself was in an old train shed. train sheet n. now chiefly historical a ruled sheet on which are recorded the movements of every train on a section of railway, according to information telegraphed from the various stations. ΚΠ 1872 3rd Ann. Rep. Board Railroad Commissioners (Mass.) p. cclxxviii A large blank time-card, called the train-sheet, is kept at the head office. 1919 H. S. Haines Efficient Railway Operation vii. 386 The increasing complexity with heavy traffic on a single-track line is seen by a comparison of train-sheets taken from actual practice on the same division, eighteen years apart. 1992 Kiplinger's Personal Finance Mag. Aug. 6/1 In spare moments he tends to his collection of more than 5,000 dispatchers' train sheets. trainsick adj. [after seasick adj.] suffering from trainsickness. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [adjective] > affected by nausea > types of nausea dead-sick1535 seasicka1566 airsick1785 travel sick1833 land-sick1846 trainsick1896 carsick1908 space-sick1912 1896 Midland Monthly Jan. 17/2 She is never seasick, train-sick or afraid, and so gets more enjoyment than the average tourist. 1905 E. M. Forster Where Angels fear to Tread vi. 163 They crossed the Apennines with a train-sick child. 1949 Kiplinger Mag. Jan. 42/1 If you get airsick, seasick, trainsick or carsick at this unpleasant season you can take hope. 1990 R. Rhodes Hole in World ii. i. 93 It's odd that I didn't get trainsick. trainsickness n. [after seasickness n.] travel-sickness experienced on trains. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [noun] > nausea > types of nausea heartsickness1614 seasickness1625 sea-distempera1641 nausea1771 mal de mer1778 airsickness1784 morning sickness1844 pregnancy sickness1864 carsickness1867 trainsickness1876 motion sickness1881 travel sickness1900 space sickness1912 1876 Graphic (London) 24 June 623/2 We have seen ladies—nay, even strong men—laid on their backs with ‘train sickness’. 1906 Westm. Gaz. 27 Sept. 4/2 Many travellers suffer from train-sickness. 1996 S. J. Ericson Sound of Whistle i. i. 70 The manufacturer of a seasickness pill had begun advertising his product as an antidote to trainsickness. train-side n. and adj. (a) n. the area beside a train; (b) adj. U.S. situated or operating at the side of or near a train, taking place next to a train. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [adjective] > at side of or near a train train-side1918 1840 Hull Packet 20 Nov. 6/5 Last Wednesday night I was close to the train-side near the ‘point-man’, at Taylor's junction. 1907 Scribner's Mag. Aug. 177/1 He is prone to people it with phantom guidons and dusty troops that trot strangely by the train-side and look in at him. 1918 R. H. Knyvett ‘Over There’ with Australians ii. vii. 78 We had to pay liberal exchange to these train-side merchants. 1932 Sun (Baltimore) 21 Sept. 1/6 He [sc. F. D. Roosevelt]..jollying trainside crowds with localized pleasantries. 1996 Independent 28 Aug. i. 8/1 And when the train halts and we disembark for one more train-side rally, the President gives the impression at least, of being stirred himself. 2003 J. Clayton Charles Dickens in Cyberspace vi. 147 That it should take place at trainside, a principal symbol of nineteenth-century technological progress, adds the finishing touch. train signal n. (a) a light, semaphore, or other device used to signal instructions or warnings to or from a train; cf. signal n. 7a; (b) a method of communication between the carriages of a train and the locomotive using a continuous pipe (now historical). ΚΠ 1847 Rules & Regulations for Engine-drivers & Firemen (Great Southern & Western Railway Company) 23 (heading) Train signals. 21. Every Train after Sunset or in Foggy Weather must carry three Red lights; one behind, and one on either side of the last carriage. 1885 Engin. & Mining Jrnl. 7 Feb. 91/2 The Westinghouse train signal has been adopted for all passenger trains by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. 1940 Railroad Mag. Apr. 51/2 Run a board, ignore a train signal, either accidentally or on purpose. 2006 A. Holtz Pilgrim Road 9 The Eurostar travels so fast that visual train signals along the track become useless blurs. 2009 Code Federal Regulations (Office Federal Register) XLIX. 505/2 The train signal system, or any other form of on-board communication, shall be tested..at the beginning of each day the locomotive is used. train smash n. (a) a train crash; also figurative; (b) Nautical slang cooked tinned tomatoes, usually with bacon. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared vegetables and dishes > [noun] > tomato preparations Provençale1841 red lead1917 train smash1936 1873 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 5 Dec. The nine o'clock northern bound train..was delayed twelve hours last night by a freight train smash-up.] 1881 Reynolds's Newspaper 14 Aug. 2/4 They simply, as they did last Monday in the Yorkshire and Manchester train-smash, arrange matters, and then leave the rest to Providence. 1919 W. K. Clifford Miss Fingal xix. 143 Your heiress was in a train smash to-day, and I'm not sure that she is not done for. 1936 Cambr. City (Indiana) Tribune 19 Mar. 2/4 A ‘Train Smash’ means bacon and tomatoes. 1993 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) (Nexis) 10 Nov. 23 That great savoury dish, Train Smash (bangers, tomatoes, bacon, herbs etc) depended on the fact that sausages had little taste of their own. 2011 Star (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 2 May 1 I don't think a few weeks' delay is a train smash as long as the results are released. train staff n. [ < train n.² + staff n.¹] (a) a staff given to a train driver as authority to travel over a single-line section of railway; cf. train ticket n., staff and ticket at staff n.¹ Phrases 13; (b) the staff of employees on a railway train. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > train-staff train staff1853 train crew1866 society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > system for use of single track > token or staff train ticket1841 train staff1853 staff1885 staff ticket1885 tablet1885 token1936 1853 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 16 116/2 A ‘train staff’ of a peculiar kind, and painted in a particular manner, will in future be carried by the guard of the trains working over a single line. 1864 Commerc. Rep. from Her Majesty's Consuls (G.B. Foreign Office) 51 The line is administered by Englishmen, but the station and train staff are Brazilians. 1901 Daily News 16 Jan. 5/1 The Isle of Sheppey Light Railway is in single track..and it will be worked on the train-staff and ticket system. 1906 Westm. Gaz. 27 Apr. 7/1 The train staff having dealt so promptly with the trouble that the only sign of fire was a little smoke. 2005 S. Hall Mod. Signalling Handbk. (rev. ed.) 67/2 A train staff is provided at those locations where there is someone, usually a signaller, who can act as its custodian and hand it over to the driver when required. 2005 Independent 6 June 5/4 A member of the train staff sits at the front of the ‘Transrapid,’ but that is simply to reassure passengers, officials say, since the train is operated from a control centre. train stop n. (a) an automatic apparatus, in connection with a railway signal, for stopping a train; (b) an act of stopping a train; (c) a place at which a train stops. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > types of signal system > train-stopping device connected with signal train stop1895 tripcock1906 society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > place where train stops point1839 train stopa1963 1895 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 16 Apr. 327/1 In a train stop, a cylinder, a piston, a piston truck having a cross bar engaging a track. 1897 Railway & Locomotive Engin. Mar. 253/2 It is very rarely that a train stop is made without having most of the wheels sliding. 1905 Good Words 46 220/1 George Bradshaw,..in addition to the thick black line which denoted a train stop, introduced many signs to make his tables clear. 1906 Westm. Gaz. 27 Feb. 7/2 The train-stop at the signal-post actuated the continuous brake, and thereby..brought the vehicle to a standstill. a1963 S. Plath Ariel (1965) 43 It is a trainstop, the nurses Undergoing the faucet water. 1996 Holiday Which? Mar. 75/3 It also has the biggest choice of hotels, some of which are in the nearby satellite of Sant'Agnello (one train stop along; also plenty of minibuses linking the two). 2002 Railway World Sept. 55/2 We have become committed to a ‘half-way-house’ system known as TPWS (train protection and warning system, incorporating a train-stop facility up to speeds of about 70mph). train ticket n. (a) a ticket enabling a passenger to travel on a train, a railway ticket; (b) a ticket given to an engine driver as authority to travel over a single-line section of railway; cf. train staff n. (a), staff and ticket at staff n.¹ Phrases 13. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > train ticket railway ticket1839 train ticket1841 pasteboard1856 society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > system for use of single track > token or staff train ticket1841 train staff1853 staff1885 staff ticket1885 tablet1885 token1936 1841 Sheffield & Rotherham Independent 31 July 8/3 The parties..returned to Sheffield during the afternoon by different trains, their special train tickets having been retained to be given in on their return. 1859 Rep. Accidents on Railways 1858 17 in Parl. Papers XXV. 601 If another engine or train is intended to follow in succession, a train ticket, stating ‘staff following’, will be given to the person in charge of the leading train, the staff itself being given to the last. 1912 L. P. Lewis Railway Signal Engin. ii. 14 Either a train-staff or a train-ticket is to be carried with each engine or train to and fro. 1941 B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? x. 256 A letter arrived with a train ticket and travelling expenses. 2004 G. Woodward I'll go to Bed at Noon xxiv. 393 Eventually they will catch up with you, and you'll go to prison for not buying a train ticket. train time n. (a) the time at which a train on a regular service is scheduled to arrive or depart, a train's timetable; (b) (chiefly U.S.) the time at which a particular train departs. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > operation of railways > time of departure of train train time1841 1841 Rep. Sel. Comm. Prevention Accidents Railways 90 in Parl. Papers VIII. 1 There are other recommendations in the Report, one with respect to not allowing ballast waggons to remain on the line within a certain prescribed time of the trains passing; I know that it is the case with our company..that all those waggons are forbidden to be upon the line within half an hour of the train time. 1852 R. Grosvenor Leaves from my Jrnl. i. 4 I continued walking up and down a few minutes,..partly ruminating in my own mind what the train could be, having a pretty accurate knowledge of the train-times on this railway. 1859 Russell's Mag. Oct. 28/1 I..made the Sheriff promise to be at the station twenty minutes before train time next morning. 1907 Phi Beta Pi Q. May 16 He was to look up train times for our trip from Cleveland to Syracuse. Seven forty-five a. m. was the verdict. 1949 R. G. Voge et al. United States Submarine Operations in World War II iv. xxxi. 484/2 A position near Otasamu..was selected. Train times were noted. 1996 Observer 31 Mar. (Business section) 9/5 There will be bus feeders at railheads and bus timetables will run much more in tandem with train times, making connections easier. 2010 G. A. Friedly Bridge over Valley 308 Shona was starved, so we stopped for pizza and I ended up at Shona's house and waited there until train time. trainway n. (a) a line of rails for the transporting of small loads, often a temporary one, as in a mine or in the course of construction of a railway; †(b) U.S. a platform hinged to a wharf, with a line of rails upon which railway cars or trucks may run to and from a ferry boat (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > track > temporary track trainway1839 train road1875 shoo-fly1905 society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > track > hinged track for running on to ferry trainway1867 society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > harbour or port > [noun] > wharf or quay > specific equipment on trainway1867 wharf crane1893 wharf-shed1952 1807 W. H. Wollaston in Philos. Mag. 27 83 The coals from the upper veins of the mountain require to be let down in large quantities to the trainway tunnel below. 1839 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 2 46/1 The wagons when loaded..are easily pushed..down the trainway to the face of the cliff. 1852 J. S. Dana Jrnl. 3 Dec. in D. T. Dana Fashionable Tour Great Lakes & Upper Mississippi (2004) xi. 91 The lead mine we went to visit is two miles north west of Dubuque...The descent was 125 feet perpendicular and we landed in a high cavern... Here a man gave each of us a candle & led the way to the east through a narrow passage with a small car & train way in the middle. 1867 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1865 I. Index p. vii, in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (39th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 52) IX Boats, Ferry, Trainway for. [Patent text Tramway.] 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2610/1 Train-way, a hinged platform which forms a bridge leading from a wharf to the deck of a ferry-boat. 1945 Jrnl. Educ. Sociol. 19 137 All along both the northern and southern trainways and tramways, towns and cities have become the unintended new homes of thousands who wanted to get to California. 1992 Ports '92 (Amer. Soc. Civil Engineers) 1 107 Three rail alternatives are carried through the environmental document: an at-grade railroad.., a depressed train way with vertical side walls,..and a depressed train way with sloped side walls. 2004 R. H. Limbaugh & W. P. Fuller Calaveras Gold ii. 53 Heavily in debt and set back by a brushfire that burned their ‘train-way’, the Cornishmen ‘quarreled among themselves’ and dissolved the partnership. train wreck n. (a) an event in which a train is wrecked; an act of wrecking a train; (b) a wrecked train; also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > accident on railway run-off1847 runaway train1848 derailment1850 train wreck1876 derailing1884 runaway1886 train crash1904 society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > train train1814 railway train1834 railroad train1836 train1841 rail train1843 train wreck1876 train set1959 1876 Year Bk. & Almanac Canada 86/1 Train wreck on Can. S. Railway. 1889 Ann. Rep. Chief of Engineers, United States Army III. 1586 Communication was opened with the officers of the St. Louis, Arkansas and Texas Railroad to ascertain if they proposed to remove the train wreck at the Garland Bridge. 1897 Proc. Trustees Sanitary District of Chicago 3749/1 Attempted train wreck..6. 1949 S. Longstreet High Button Shoes ii. iii. 49 [Drinks.] This and a train wreck killed Grandma. 1980 Maledicta Summer 55 Trainwreck, a very sick patient who has several medical problems simultaneously and is usually comatose. 1993 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Jrnl. 31 Mar. d4/3 Babbitt wants to begin the cooperative development of multispecies ecosystem-protection plans that would avoid what he calls ‘national train wreck’ such as the northern spotted owl controversy. 2007 R. Sharenow My Mother the Cheerleader (2009) xxiii. 205 Something compelled me to listen, like when people rush over to see a house burn down or watch bloody victims pulled from a train wreck. C3. In other and mixed senses. train bolt n. †(a) Navy a ringbolt for securing the train tackle of a gun to a ship's deck (obsolete); (b) Mechanics a large, substantial bolt. ΚΠ 1822 G. Marshall Pract. Marine Gunnery 62 Take a short strap and put it over the pomillion of the gun, hook on your single bolt to that, the end of the fall, the reeve through the train bolt on deck, and haul it well taut. 1863 S. B. Luce Seamanship (ed. 2) vi. 75 If..the blocks were reversed, the effort would be applied to rouse the train bolt out of the deck, rather than to run the gun in. 1875 U.S. Patent 159,791 1/1 The object of my invention is to obtain greater security in the fastening of safes by means of locks which do not set in motion the main or train bolts, but which serve as obstacles to their being withdrawn unless unlocked. 1921 Railway Jrnl. Dec. 25/1 The Pennsylvania has placed an order for 50,000 heat treated train bolts. 2004 N. Cortese Modelling IS Heavy Tank Introd. 6/1 (caption) My punch set—every modeller should have one of these, although I also use plastic train bolts and nuts. train depot n. (a) Military a place where stores from a train (sense 10) are deposited; cf. depot n. 3a (now rare); (b) a railway station; (also) a place where trains are housed and maintained and from which they are dispatched for service; cf. depot n. 5. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > station station1830 station house1833 train depot1833 railway station1836 railroad station1837 depot1842 rail station1848 rail1850 train station1856 gare1870 society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > station > yard wagon-yard1827 yard1827 train depot1833 railway yard1854 trainyard1866 marshalling yard1877 rail yard1888 1833 United Service Jrnl. May 26 Principal Depôts of Military Stores... Train Depôts. 1862 Amer. Railroad Jrnl. 22 Nov. 906/1 The Engineer must be also a good architect, or..his bridges will be insecure, his work shops and train depots will be inconvenient and expensive. 1916 G. H. Allen et al. Great War II. v. 223 There were 25 battalions of the train, in addition to one train depot and field bakery for each army corps. 1939 L. Jacobs Rise of Amer. Film vii. 112 A girl held captive in a train depot telegraphs her father and sweetheart, railroad men, for help, and they commandeer a train and speed to her rescue. 2011 Liverpool Echo (Nexis) 10 May 2 Power supply problems at a train depot caused delays to commuters on Merseyrail's northern line this morning. train horse n. Military (now historical) a horse employed to draw artillery. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > used in war or charger > that draws artillery train horse1643 hairy1899 1643 in 13th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1892) App. i. 131 The county complains that we have not charged the Train horse according to the letter of the Ordinance. 1710 London Gaz. No. 4682/2 Train Horses..employed in drawing forty pieces of Artillery. 1759 H. Bouquet Let. 16 Aug. in Papers (1940) Ser. 21652. 218 Cap^t. Killbock..Stole 16, of the Train Horses at Ligonier, and scalped the driver who reclaimed them. 1831 Edinb. Lit. Jrnl. 18 June 389/1 The boom of the cannon that bursts on the ear;—Near—nearer the train-horse reels past with its car. 1873 Farmer's Mag. Mar. 264/1 Having seen how the train horse might be procured, let us now turn to the cavalry horse. 1920 Jrnl. U.S. Artillery July 34 When advance was slow, combat wagons and caissons could haul from this dump to combattant troops, aided by the division train horse transport. 1980 O. von Pivka Napoleon's German Allies (4): Bavaria 29/1 In the campaign of 1812 Bavaria lost over 28,000 men; all 5,800 cavalry and train horses, all but six of her cannon. train line n. †(a) Angling a long fishing line bearing numerous hooks (obsolete rare); (b) a railway line. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > fishing-line > [noun] > other types of line ground-linea1450 ledger-line1653 gildert1681 kipping-linec1686 fly-line1706 night line1726 trout-line1789 train line1828 runner1835 salmon line1850 loop-line1859 stray-line1879 dandy-line1882 kelp line1884 cross-line1891 free line1913 flatline1950 multistrand1960 flatliner1984 1828 Sporting Mag Dec. 140/2 All, from the most simple line to the long train-lines, thick set with innumerable hooks, present..so many inevitable snares. 1836 Derby Mercury 9 Nov. 1/4 Your company contemplated a line to Crewe, and ours one..with a branch through the Potteries, connecting our train line with that of the Grand Junction near Stafford. 1896 T. Weedon Queensland Past & Present vii. 101 The improvement in railway business which marked the year 1895 resulted on a train line mileage of 1,925. 1960 J. Gunn Humpy in Hills ix. 141 I fell into the main mine shaft. Train lines right to the entrance. 2001 D. Lehane Mystic River 76 That's like two train lines and a bus transfer from here. train net n. now rare a drag net, a seine; cf. sense 5b. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > drag-net dray-netc1000 pullc1303 draw-net1386 dredge1471 drag1481 dragneta1542 train1576 tug-net1584 trainel1585 draught-net1630 trawl-net1697 trail1711 trawl1759 trail-net1820 pole trawl1836 train net1864 otter trawlc1870 turn-net1883 pair trawl1967 1864 Glasgow Daily Herald 24 Sept. There is as much damage done with train nets as with trawl nets. 1917 F. Crissey Story of Foods xvi. 270 The American mackerel is caught mostly in drift or train nets, but single nets are also often used. train rope n. Navy (now historical) a rope fastened to the trail of a gun carriage on board ship. ΚΠ 1822 G. Marshall Pract. Marine Gunnery 25 Train Ropes, 2 to each gun. 1870 Jrnl. Royal United Service Inst. 14 115 If the train-rope is hove in on one side and slacked out on the other, the gun is trained round in that direction. 2001 D. Poyer Fire on Waters xxxi. 415 Men flew backward from one of the thirty-two-pounders, which flipped absurdly, then jammed pointing upward, tangled in the train ropes. train service n. (a) Military a system of providing trains of artillery, supplies, etc.; (b) the provision of rail transport or a system for providing it. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > [noun] > field equipment train1523 train service1753 field equipment1787 supply train1788 field park1805 society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > operation of railways train service1853 rail service1855 working1927 1753 G. Wollaston Life & Hist. Pilgrim iv. 258 His captain..sent for the surgeon of the regiment, as is the constant custom there, especially in regard to such as are taken into the train service, in order for their being searched and tried, if they are of strength and ability sufficient for the employment. 1853 Fifth Ann. Rep. Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad Co. 8 While during the first half of the year, the business of the road was light, the amount of train service and expenses of operating could not be rateably reduced. 1887 Spectator 3 Sept. 1174 Their train-services collected and equipped for a campaign. 1939 L. C. Fritch Truth about Railroads xi. 67 Waste incurred in operating unnecessary train services. 1997 J. Millen Salute to Service 13 In 1807 Napoleon took a revolutionary step with his Grande Armée by providing it with, in addition to the vehicles accompanying troops, a regular train service run by fully militarised personnel. 2002 S. Perera Do Right Thing i. 17 Hopefully I'll be back in time to call you, but you know how the train services can be. † train-shut adj. Obsolete rare shut by a train of wheels and pinions. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [adjective] > shut by train of wheels train-shut1632 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 5 Mine Epitaph shall sound, Of traine-shut sluces, of the Thespian spring, Where chatring birds, Dodonean trees do sing. train tackle n. Navy (now historical) a tackle hooked to the trail of a gun carriage on board ship. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > naval weapons and equipment > [noun] > ship's guns collectively > support or fixing for gun gun-stock1495 breeching1627 train tackle1769 housing-bolt1807 housing-ring1820 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Cannon There is another tackle hooked to the rear or train of the carriage, to prevent the cannon from rolling into its place until it is charged: this is called the train-tackle. 1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) Train-Tackle, a combination of pulleys, which is, during action, hooked to an eye-bolt, in the train of the carriage, and to a ring-bolt in the deck... Its use is, to prevent the gun from running out of the port whilst loading. 1832 United Service Jrnl. iii. 98 The mere smell of powder, and the actual recoil of the gun, without help from the train-tackle, form sources of satisfaction. 1873 T. D. Wilson Outl. Ship Building iii. viii. 268 To all the gun-ports on covered gun-decks the following bolts are required:..two eye bolts for train-tackle, one on either side, made with a double eye and flattened on the lower side, that a nob-hooked block may be used; [etc.]. 1922 S. Schroeder Half Cent. Naval Service i. 6 For actual firing a half hitch was taken around all parts of the train tackle to jerk it out of the way of the recoil. 2008 G. Fremont-Barnes Victory vs Redoutable 29 Fitted between the rear of the gun carriage and the deck at the centreline was a train tackle, used to move the carriage backwards. train-work n. now rare a series of parts of a mechanism which constitute a train (sense 12a). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [noun] > consisting of series of parts train?1714 train-work1859 1859 New Amer. Cycl. V. 357/2 An ingenious mechanism was displayed..as that afterward employed in the train work of a clock to designate the divisions of time. 1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy 92 The Morse involves a complicated and expensive trainwork of mechanism. 1917 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 55 128/1 To fit to such mechanism..a motor developing 10 or 20 times the power, imposes an undue strain upon the train-work. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). trainn.³ Brit. /treɪn/, U.S. /treɪn/ Forms: late Middle English–1500s trane, 1500s treine, 1500s–1600s traine, 1500s–1600s trayne, 1500s– train; Scottish pre-1700 traine, pre-1700 trayne, pre-1700 trin, pre-1700 1700s– train. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Dutch. Partly a borrowing from Middle Low German. Etymons: Dutch traen; Middle Low German trān. Etymology: Partly < Middle Dutch traen, trāne (Dutch traan , †traen ), and partly < Middle Low German trān, both in sense ‘oil extracted or made to exude, (specifically) train oil’, extended uses of Middle Dutch trāne tear (Old Dutch trāni , plural noun; Dutch traan , †traen , in early modern Dutch also in sense ‘gum or resin that exudes from trees’) and Middle Low German trān , trāne tear, drop (Old Saxon trahni , plural noun). The Dutch and Middle Low German nouns are cognate with Old High German trahan tear (Middle High German trahen , trān , masculine noun; also Middle High German (in late sources) trēne , German Träne , feminine noun (arising by reanalysis of plural forms)), probably < the same Indo-European base as tear n.¹ (see further discussion at that entry). Compare train oil n.Denoting the oil compare ( < Middle Low German trān) German Tran (mid 16th cent., earliest in the compound Fischtran), Danish tran, Old Swedish tran (Swedish tran). Now historical and rare (only in compounds). = train oil n.Recorded earliest in the compound train oil n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > animal oil > whale oil whale oil1435 train1465 train oil1465 meat-oil1501 1465 [see train oil n.]. 1467 in N. S. B. Gras Early Eng. Customs Syst. (1918) 617 (MED) De Lutkyn Martyn de Hansa pro viii barellis trane, val. lx s. 1497 Maldon (Essex) Borough Deeds (Bundle 72, No. 4) Possessiatus de uno barrello olei vocat. trane. 1515 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 92 The Crafte and misterie of Mercers hath vsed..othir grosse marchaundise as sopp, terre,..pik, Wax,..Trayne. 1545 Rates Custome House sig. dj Woll oyle called trane the tonne iiii.li. 1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 33 They pack them [sc. pilchards] orderly in hogsheads..which afterward they presse with great waights, to the end the traine may soke from them into a vessel placed in the ground to receyue it. 1665 T. Allin Jrnl. 22 July (1939) (modernized text) I. 244 He was bound to Hamburg laden with stockfish, train [MS trane], white herring and dried salmon. 1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 441 Upon several Parts of these little Membranes, there lay Fat, which..they call the Train. 1767 Ann. Reg. 1766 Acct. of Bks. 283/2 They don't drink train,..but use it in their lamps. 1802 Trans. Soc. Arts 20 212 The cod-oil, or common train, brought from Newfoundland. Compounds attributive as train bottle, train fat, etc. See also train oil n. ΚΠ 1676 in D. W. Prowse Hist. Newfoundland (1895) viii. 205/2 Capt. Russell forc'd several Masters of shipps..to build up again their trayne houses, themselves had cut down contrary to their order. 1698 Act 10 Will. III c. 14 §7 Any Houses Stages Cook-Rooms Train-Fats or other Conveniencies for fishing there [sc. Newfoundland]. 1707 London Gaz. No. 4378/3 23 Train-Fats burnt;..1568 Hogsheads of Train-Oil destroyed. 1784 tr. D. Crantz in T. Pennant Arctic Zool. I. iii. 152 Of the skins of the entrails [of the seal] they [sc. Greenlanders] make their windows..; and they make train bottles of the maw. 1823 T. Bond Topogr. & Hist. Sketches E. & W. Looe 81 The oil issues out of the bottoms of the casks, and runs into the pits called the train-pits. 1982 P. C. Cohen Calculating People (1999) ii. 76 Two months later he sent back details on the number of fishermen, planters,..quantities of fish, and ‘train-fats’ (whale oil). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). trainv.¹ Brit. /treɪn/, U.S. /treɪn/ Forms: late Middle English trany, late Middle English–1500s treyne, late Middle English–1600s trayn, late Middle English–1600s trayne, 1500s–1600s traine, 1500s–1600s trane, 1500s– train, 1600s tran; Scottish pre-1700 traine, pre-1700 trane, pre-1700 trayn, pre-1700 trayne, pre-1700 trean, pre-1700 tryne, pre-1700 1700s– train. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French trainer. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman treiner, treigner, traner, Anglo-Norman and Middle French trainer, trahiner, traigner, Middle French trainner, trayner, traynner (French traîner ) to force (a person) to go somewhere against his or her will (c1135 in Old French), (of a garment or piece of apparel) to hang down so as to touch the ground and drag (c1140), to drag (a person or thing) (a1174; frequently in legal contexts with reference to a form of punishment (end of the 13th cent. or earlier)), to drag oneself along with difficulty (c1180, used reflexively), to involve (something) as a consequence, to result in (13th cent.), to creep, trail (first half of the 15th cent., used reflexively), to extend the duration of, to delay (a task) (both 1508), to drawl, pronounce (a word, phrase, name) slowly (1549), in Anglo-Norman also to teach (a hawk) to fly at its prey (beginning of the 14th cent. or earlier); apparently < an unattested post-classical Latin form traginare , in turn ultimately < classical Latin trahere* to draw, drag (see tract n.³): see discussion below. In sense 1 probably influenced by (etymologically unrelated) train n.¹: see discussion below. Compare earlier train n.²Semantic developments in English. Sense 1 is not paralleled in French; the sense ‘to attract, seduce (a person's heart)’ of French traîner is first attested considerably later (1677, e.g. in traînant tous les cœurs après soi , lit. ‘dragging all hearts behind him- or herself’), and is merely a contextual specific sense of traîner ‘to drag, pull’. The English sense probably shows a specific semantic development of the borrowed verb, probably influenced by (etymologically unrelated) train n.¹, probably originally with the meaning ‘to draw into error’. Compare also train v.² A number of the later senses at branch I. are also not paralleled in French, and probably represent semantic developments within English, in some cases probably after senses of train n.² Branch II. is almost entirely unparalleled in French (apart from the rare, late use in Anglo-Norman with reference to the training of hawks), and probably shows semantic developments within English. Compare also train v.² 2, train v.² 3, which show some semantic overlap with sense 11a. In branch III. after train n.² (compare train n.² 19). Further discussion of forms in Romance languages. With Anglo-Norman and Middle French trainer , etc., compare Old Occitan traginar , trainar (c1230 or earlier), Catalan traginar to transport (goods) by dragging (14th cent.), Spanish trajinar (c1201 as †trainar ; also †traginar , †traynar ; in later use largely reborrowed < Catalan), Italian trainare to drag (last quarter of the 12th cent., earliest in past participle trainato ). The verb forms in the various Romance languages are generally assumed to reflect an unattested post-classical Latin verb traginare , which probably shows a derivative formation < an unattested post-classical Latin verb tragere , related to classical Latin trahere (see tract n.³). The form tragere may show an alteration of trahere* as a result of association with agere act v. (past participial stem act- ); perhaps compare also the ultimately related noun classical Latin trāgula kind of spear, and (in one isolated attestation each) sledge, (perhaps) kind of drag net. Compare also Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French traire to pull, draw, drag (c1050 in Old French; < an unattested post-classical Latin form tragere (see above); now chiefly regional, except in the specific sense ‘to draw milk from (a cow or other domesticated animal)’). Compare also trail v.¹ Middle French trainer* was also borrowed into other Germanic languages: compare Middle Dutch trahinen , traihijnen , trainen , treinen , etc. to drag (a person) along on the ground as a punishment, (hence in extended use) to torture, torment (a person), Dutch (now rare) traineeren , †treineeren , †treneeren , etc. to drag (a person or thing) along (late 16th cent.; now regional (West Flanders)), (now chiefly) to dawdle (late 16th cent.). In standard French, trainer and traire were both superseded as the usual words for ‘to pull’ by Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French tirer (see tire v.²); see further the discussion in Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch at tragīnare. I. Senses mainly involving movement, extension, or direction. †1. a. transitive. To entice or induce into a mistake; to lead astray, deceive, take in; (with adverbial) to lure to a particular place or in a particular direction. Also with on. Obsolete.The most frequent early sense. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > attract, allure, or entice [verb (transitive)] teec888 tightc1000 drawc1175 tollc1220 till?c1225 ticec1275 bringc1300 entice1303 win1303 wina1340 tempt1340 misdrawa1382 wooa1387 lure1393 trainc1425 allurea1450 attract?a1475 lock1481 enlure1486 attice1490 allect1518 illect?1529 wind1538 disarm1553 call1564 troll1565 embait1567 alliciate1568 slock1594 enamour1600 court1602 inescate1602 fool1620 illure1638 magnetize1658 trepana1661 solicit1665 whistle1665 drill1669 inveigh1670 siren1690 allicit1724 wisea1810 come-hither1954 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk.* (Augustus A.iv) iii. l. 1015 His mortal foon, Þat..him to treyne leide out hoke & laas. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 1683 Ȝe do bott trayne vs..wyth trofelande wordez. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xix. 354 The lord dowglas toward thaim raid..Thame neir his battell for till trayne. 1588 T. Hughes Misfortunes Arthur v. i. 88 So did his witte and feature feede that hope, Which falsely trainde me to this wofull hap. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 v. ii. 21 We did traine him on. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. ii. 45 Oh traine me not sweet Mermaide with thy note,..Sing Siren for thy selfe, and I will dote. a1694 J. Tillotson Serm. (1743) I. 237 Being insensibly trained on from one degree of wickedness to another. a1767 W. Farington Serm. Important Subj. (1769) 231 Trained on thus by a succession of delusions, he is in his first state perpetually resolving, and perpetually sinning, until at last habit rivets on its chains. 1783 Ann. Reg. 1781 Hist. Europe 92/1 Middleton being trained into a well laid ambush, was spiritedly charged. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed in Tales Crusaders I. 128 He came disguised as a merchant of falcons, and trained out my old stupid Raoul, and the Lady Eveline, and all of us, as if to the hawking of the heron. 1899 G. Smith United Kingdom I. 200 He [sc. Bruce] trained him [sc. Comyn] to a church and stabbed him there. b. transitive. To entice or induce into something beneficial or desirable; to persuade or convince to do something. Also with on. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade (a person) [verb (transitive)] > persuade or prevail upon wina1340 persuadec1450 to prevail withc1450 prevail1466 train1549 overswaya1586 oppugn1596 overrulea1616 reach1637 to prevail upon1656 to gain upon1790 convince1958 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Thess. i. f. ii^v Howe easely you were trayned from the supersticion of your forefathers..vnto the true wurshippe of God. a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Langs. & Relig. (1614) xv. 126 They haue beene by little and little brought & trained to the Greeke religion. 1647 D. Dickson Brief Expos. Matthew 103 The Lord will seem not to regard the prayer which he mindeth to grant, and so will traine on the supplicant patiently to pursue his request. 1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials I. v. 67 The King had hopes to train the Emperor to reason by doulce methods. †2. a. transitive. (a) (also intransitive) To delay; (b) to extend the duration of, protract, spin out; (c) to spend, pass (time, one's life). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > have duration [verb (transitive)] > cause to endure, sustain, or prolong lengOE drawOE teec1200 forlengtha1300 lengtha1300 drivec1300 tarryc1320 proloynec1350 continuec1380 to draw alonga1382 longa1382 dretch1393 conservea1398 to draw (out) in, into, at, or on lengtha1400 prorogue1419 prolongc1425 aroomc1440 prorogate?a1475 protend?a1475 dilate1489 forlong1496 relong1523 to draw out1542 sustentate1542 linger1543 defer1546 pertract1548 propagate1548 protract1548 linger1550 lengthen1555 train1556 detract?a1562 to make forth (long, longer)1565 stretch1568 extend1574 extenuate1583 dree1584 wire-draw1598 to spin out1603 trail1604 disabridge1605 produce1605 continuate1611 out-length1617 spin1629 to eke out1641 producta1670 prolongate1671 drawl1694 drag1697 perennate1698 string1867 perennialize1898 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 499 Traynyn, or tranyyn, or longe taryyn..[?a1475 Winch. or abydyn], moror, differo. a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) (1988) 51 Ȝif þe iourney be long traynud and taried, and þay nouȝt occupied in werrus, þan is it nedful to occupie hem in feld werkes. ?1550 T. Becon Jewel of Joye sig. B.iiii Neither by letters nor yet by reporte..coulde we learne where you trayned youre lyfe. 1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie xcv. 8 To traine the time and tarie you..folli it weare. 1652 J. Wright tr. J.-P. Camus Nature's Paradox x. 259 To seek a glorious Death..rather than train so obscure and discontented a Life. b. transitive. To stretch the sense of. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > misinterpretation > distortion or perversion of meaning > pervert or distort [verb (transitive)] crooka1340 deprave1382 pervertc1390 strainc1449 drawc1450 miswrest?a1475 bewrya1522 wry?1521 to make a Welshman's hose ofa1529 writhea1533 wrest1533 invert1534 wring?1541 depravate1548 rack1548 violent1549 wrench1549 train1551 wreathe1556 throw1558 detorta1575 shuffle1589 wriggle1593 distortc1595 to put, set, place, etc. on the rack1599 twine1600 wire-draw1610 monstrify1617 screw1628 corrupt1630 gloss1638 torture1648 force1662 vex1678 refract1700 warp1717 to put a force upon1729 twist1821 ply1988 1551 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 2nd Pt. f. xxxi The scriptures he had so trayned with the rules of logycke, that by them he was able to maynteyne all falshede. c. transitive. To extend the length of; to drawl, pronounce slowly (a word, phrase, name). Also with out. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > manner of speaking > say in a particular manner [verb (transitive)] > drawl to draw outc1540 drawl1643 train1647 trail1891 1647 J. Cleveland Poems in Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4662) 25 A Name which if 'twere train'd would spred a mile. 1786 tr. J. R. Forster Hist. Voy. & Discov. North ii. iii. 171 The inhabitants of Furli in the Pope's dominions, who train out their words in the pronunciation to a great length. 1859 G. Meredith Ordeal Richard Feverel III. x. 296 You should have heard how he trained out the [word] ‘old’. †3. a. (a) intransitive. To drag oneself along; to creep, trail. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > moving along with hands and feet or with body prone > move along with hands and feet or with body prone [verb (intransitive)] > creep or crawl creepc888 rampa1393 crawla1400 trainc1475 ycraul1594 sinuate1848 belly1903 c1475 tr. C. de Pisan Livre du Corps de Policie (Cambr.) (1977) 187 (MED) A man-is body may not passe but that he shulde goo lewedely and he had loste his feete, but treynyng on the hondes with grete payne and on his bodye also. 1566 J. Studley tr. Seneca Agamemnon iii. sig. C.ii^v He traynes along the roaryng seas and eke the waltryng waue By shouyng on hys bourly brest in sonder quyte he draue. 1634 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World (new ed.) II. xix. iv. 13 Some traine along and run by the ground, growing on end stil as they creep, as Gourds and Cucumbers. (b) intransitive. Of a garment: to hang down, esp. so as to drag or trail. Also with down. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > hang or be suspended [verb (intransitive)] > hang down > trailingly trikea1350 trilla1400 trailc1412 train1584 dragglec1594 tag1617 traipsea1777 streel1847 trape1875 1584 T. H. True Discription Tryumphes & Pastimes in tr. F. de Billerbeg Most Rare & Straunge Disc. Amurathe sig. D.i^v That great Patriarch of Constantinople..hauing the Patriarchall Robe (which is in manner of a Coape) trayning vppon the grounde. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. iii. sig. P2^v Below her ham her weed did somewhat trayne. 1636 tr. J. Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin Ariana i. viii. 153 Shee was drest in a white robe..: and in the skirts it was enlarg'd with a thousand folds, and training upon the ground made her looke very majesticall. a1676 S. Gunton Hist. Church Peterburgh (1686) 74 Her uppermost gown was of black Satin, printed, training upon the ground. 1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant xxxi. 117 They let it [sc. the tail] train down till they come to the lower End. 1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France I. 184 A full black silk petticoat, sloped just to train a very little on the ground. 1847 C. Winston Inq. Anc. Glass Paintings 81 The secular female costume usually consists of a garment fitting tightly to the arms and body, and having a wide long skirt training on the ground. 1869 Arthur's Home Mag. Feb. 133 The skirt trains sufficiently to produce a graceful effect. b. transitive. To draw or pull along after one; to drag, haul, trail. Frequently with adverbial. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull > along a surface or behind drawOE harry1340 traila1380 traina1500 lag1530 strakec1530 entrain1568 drail1598 lurry1664 toboggan1886 schlep1911 a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xviii. 299 He hente hir be the tresses and drough hir towarde the horse trailinge..; and so he hath hir trayned and drawen. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 383 To se the body of Hector so trayned by Achilles. 1607 G. Markham Cavelarice iii. 9 This chase or sport wee..call a traine sente, because the sente which the Houndes hunt is trayned alongst the feildes. 1623 tr. A. Favyn Theater of Honour & Knight-hood vi. iv. 124 To traine the baggadge of the Christian Army there were three score thousand Chariots. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 553 Behold..the Foe Approaching..; in hollow Cube Training his devilish Enginrie [sc. cannon] . View more context for this quotation 1771 R. Berenger Hist. & Art Horsemanship I. 186 It was called the Train-scent, and so denominated, because the scent which the hounds hunted, proceeded from some animal which had previously been trained along the fields. 1807 J. R. Bedford in Tennessee Hist. Mag. 5 (1919) 63 We..trained the barge up with the current and passed over to the S. shore to encamp. 1831 W. Scott Count Robert iii, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. I. 84 He cannot be so false of word as to train me to prison under false pretexts. 1857 C. M. Yonge Let. 3 Oct. in C. R. Coleridge Charlotte Mary Yonge (1903) viii. 215 Then Graham trained us off to see a wonderful chapel. c. transitive. figurative. With with and pronoun referring to the subject. To involve as a consequence, result in. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring about as a consequence or entail makeOE haveOE drawa1400 to draw inc1405 to leave behind1424 goc1449 to draw on1572 train1579 carry1581 beara1616 to lead toa1770 evolve1816 entail1829 mean1841 issue1842 subinduce1855 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin i. 15 If those small forces trained with them so great fortunes. 1619 Sir J. Finett Let. in S. R. Gardiner Lett. Relations Eng. & Germany (1865) 1st Ser. 63 A busynes that is lyke to trayn wyth it a consequence of continuall trouble. †4. transitive. With adverbial. To lead, conduct, bring. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > show (the way) [verb (transitive)] > accompany as a guide leada900 conduec1330 conductc1400 convey14.. condc1460 conducec1475 convoyc1480 carrya1522 wain1540 train1549 marshal1590 gallant1806 usha1824 trot1888 get1984 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Jude f. xxii^v The Hebrues.., whom..Iesus trained out of the..bondage of the Egipcians. c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cv. 90 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 165 His chosen troopes with triumph on he traines. 1642 King Charles I Declar. 12 Aug. 16 Their resort was to the people, whom upon severall occasions they had trained down to Westminster. †5. a. transitive. Hunting. To pursue by following a trail, to track. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > follow [verb (transitive)] > follow (a track or trail) > follow track or trail of troda1250 tracec1440 track1565 train1575 tract1577 hunt1579 foot1581 trail1590 to tread the feet of1596 insist1631 pad1861 sleuth1905 back-trail1907 back-track1925 1575 G. Turberville Noble Arte Venerie or Hunting 1575 And we trayne and rayse the Wolfe, when we bring them to their resting place and put them from the same to be hunted. 1592 Greenes Groats-worth of Witte sig. C4^v They followed, and trained the Foxe and Badger to the hole. b. transitive. Mining. To find and follow the course of (a vein of ore) by digging from the surface. Also intransitive. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1671 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 6 2096 Of some Mineral Observations touching the Mines of Cornwal and Devon; wherein is described the Art of Trayning a Load. 1671 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 6 2101 It may be, that after we have trained up the Hill, instead of a Load we find nought but a Bonny, or Squat. 1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis iii. i. 128 In training up to the second [Shode], they may meet with the Shode of a third. 6. a. intransitive. To move in a person's train or retinue. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > be a retainer or follower [verb (intransitive)] suec1390 pursue1485 retain1547 train1633 1633 P. Fletcher Poeticall Misc. 55 in Purple Island With her a troop of fairest wood-nymphs trains. 1904 37th Ann. Rep. Connecticut Board Agric. 292 I shall never forget what a picture he made as he came in with his savage followers training along behind him. b. intransitive. North American colloquial. With with (regional also along of). To associate, ally, or cooperate. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > associate with for common purpose [verb (transitive)] alliance1533 to combine a league1562 enleague1596 to strike ina1637 factiona1652 adoptate1662 to strike up1714 enjoin1734 to go in1851 train1866 to tie up1888 affiliate1949 1866 Radical Apr. 299 When they found that Christ would not train with them, they eschewed him. 1871 J. Hay Pike County Ballads 22 It gravels me like the devil to train Along o' sich fools as you. 1892 ‘M. Twain’ Amer. Claimant i. 5 Have you been training with that ass again? 1907 Methodist Rev. Nov. 984 He does not train with the extreme radical theologians. 1935 H. L. Davis Honey in Horn i. 4 A couple of bad-acting sons who got drunk, fought and trained around with thieving half-breeds. 1945 ‘L. Ford’ Philadelphia Murder Story ix. 146 She knew as well as I know now—and I don't train with lawyers—that Malone wasn't going to search the house. 7. a. transitive. To direct, point, or aim (originally a cannon or other firearm, later also the eye or sight, or an optical device), esp. by horizontal movement. Frequently with on, upon the thing aimed at or focused on. Also intransitive with object implied. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > direct [verb (transitive)] > aim at > aim (a blow, weapon, etc.) reachOE seta1300 shapec1400 ettlec1450 charge1509 bend1530 level1530 aimc1565 butt1594 levy1618 to give level to1669 wise1721 intenda1734 train1795 sight1901 to zero in1944 society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > fire (a gun) [verb (transitive)] > aim (gun) lay1480 dispart1578 train1795 1795 M. Greetham Minutes Court Martial A. J. P. Molloy 139 While you were engaged with the Van Ship you had trained several Guns to fire at the second Ship. 1841 B. J. Totten Naval Text-bk. 417 To train a gun, to point it forward or abaft the beam. 1862 J. Weiss Disc. upon Causes for Thanksgiving 17 Buchanan loaded the first gun and trained it on Fort Sumter. 1873 Brit. Q. Rev. 108 Their ‘horizontal range’, or the arc over which they could be trained, should be made small. 1885 Amer. Architect & Building News 24 Oct. 194/2 When both telescopes are trained upon the given point, two lines passing through their axes will intersect in that point. 1889 G. Kennan in Cent. Mag. May 73/2 We set up the camera and trained it upon a part of the picturesque throng. 1904 Sci. Amer. 18 June 475 The turrets are trained by one man, the trainer; and each gun is pointed by another man, the pointer, who fires the gun. 1916 ‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin xvi. 307 The muzzle of the gun began to move up and down..‘Train right a bit, Bill!’ 1939 H. Miller Tropic of Capricorn 56 The bull-frog eyes were trained on me like two collar buttons stuck in cold fat. 1964 Y. Bilinsky Second Soviet Republic iii. 100 His conversation partner would..train the beam of a powerful spotlight on his face. 1983 J. Gayton Uncommon Valor (film script) 52 (stage direct.) Scott..raising his M-16 and training it on the first tower. 2006 V. Rounding Catherine the Great (2008) xx. 482 He even trained a telescope on the windows of her apartment. b. intransitive. To be directed, pointed, or aimed. Usually with adverbial of direction, often with on, upon. ΚΠ 1822 Proc. Gen. Court Martial Commodore James Barron 41 Were not the Leopard's crew at quarters, and her guns training upon you, before your drum began to beat? 1861 J. H. Ward Elem. Instr. in Naval Ordnance & Gunnery (new ed.) i. iv. 63 Standing in the middle of the present port, guns train nearly 25 degrees with the beam. 1900 Independent 18 Jan. 178/2 The 8-inch guns, training as they do, are serviceable for attack only against the same point as the heavy guns. 1946 Billboard 31 Aug. 14/2 Ben Grauer took mike in hand and with cameras training, went visiting Club 21. 1986 T. Clancy Red Storm Rising (1988) xx. 291 The fore and aft twin missile launchers trained out at the first targets. 1993 R. Stevenson From Mouths of Angels 31 Both ends of our binoculars Train on a troubled red bird In your maker's blue eye. 2008 M. McNett One Dog Happy 108 Her eyes trained on Ruthie's waving arm. 8. intransitive. U.S. regional (New England) . To behave playfully; to play energetically. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > frolicking or romping > frolic [verb (intransitive)] floxec1200 ragea1275 to dance antics1545 rig1570 to keep (also play) reaks1573 wanton1582 wantonize1592 frolic1593 wantonize1611 hoit1613 mird?c1625 to play about1638 freak1663 romp1665 rump1680 ramp1735 jinket1742 skylark1771 to cut up1775 rollick1786 hoity-toity1790 fun1802 lark1813 gammock1832 haze1848 marlock1863 train1877 horse1901 mollock1932 spadger1939 grab-ass1957 1877 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 4) 717 To train, to carry on; to act wild. Almost peculiar to girls in New England. ‘She's an awful one to train.’ 1889 W. D. Howells Hazard New Fortunes I. ii. viii The girl broke into a fondly approving laugh at his drolling. ‘Oh, I guess you love to train!’ II. Senses involving improvement or development. 9. transitive. To direct, treat, or manipulate so as to bring to a necessary or desired form; spec. in Horticulture: to cause (a plant or branch) to grow in a desired shape or direction, esp. against a wall or on a trellis or the like (also intransitive with object implied). Also with adverbial. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [verb (transitive)] > train rail?1387 trail1398 train?1440 conduct1477 to lay in1802 espalier1810 trellis1818 set1845 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 1032 (MED) And bowis ore hit trayn So lough and rare, on hem that bees may dwelle. 1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie i. sig. (o3) The very High-wayes by the fields being planted with Elms, to train up the Vines which grow intermingled in every place. 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Pyrus The Distance which the Branches of Pears should be train'd must be proportion'd to the Size of their Fruit. 1792 M. Riddell Voy. Madeira 9 The vines are trained and supported by poles. 1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott I. ix. 289 A garden..in which Scott delighted to train his flowers and creepers. 1849 C. Brontë Shirley II. ix. 209 This was said as she stood at the glass, training her naturally waved hair into curls, by twining it round her fingers. 1861 Amer. Agriculturist July 195/2 Tomatoes—Train to trellises of lath, or support with frames of poles, or brush, as for peas. 1895 Cent. Mag. Sept. 735/1 Parrot's-feather (Myriophyllum proserpinacoides) may be put around the edge, and trained to throw its delicate whorls of greenery over the sides of the tub. 1931 Good Housek. (U.S. ed.) Dec. 133/2 (advt.) The simple Gerardine treatment makes the hair more pliable and trains it to fall into a wave. 1991 Pract. Gardening Dec. 80/2 Plant against tall poles 10ft (3m) high and train against horizontal wires 1 ft..apart from 6ft..upwards. 1999 R. Hansen Hitler's Niece (2000) x. 130 She put a hand into his hair and trained it back. 2009 M. Horsfall Fabulous Food from Every Small Garden i. ii. 26/1 Berry canes are easy to train up a trellis or lattice and take up little horizontal space. 10. a. transitive. To subject to discipline and instruction for development of character, behaviour, or skill. Also with up. Usually with as, for, in, to, or infinitive, specifying the field or aim of instruction. (a) To give sustained instruction and practice to in an art, profession, occupation, or procedure; to drill.See also pot-train vb. at pot n.¹ Compounds 2, potty-train v., toilet train vb. at toilet n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > education > [verb (transitive)] tighta1000 teec1000 thewc1175 forma1340 informc1350 nurturec1475 train1531 breeda1568 train1600 to lick (a person or thing) into (shape , etc.)1612 scholar1807 educate1826 society > armed hostility > drill or training > drill [verb (transitive)] train1531 discipline1590 drill1626 redrill1792 society > education > teaching > training > train [verb (transitive)] to teach of1297 exercec1374 informc1384 schoolc1456 break1474 instruct1510 nuzzle1519 train1531 train1542 frame1547 experience?c1550 to trade up1556 disciplinea1586 disciple1596 nursle1596 accommodate1640 educate1643 model1665 form1711 to break in1785 scholar1807 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. ix. sig. D.iiij After that the childe hath ben pleasauntly trayned & induced to knowe the partes of speche. 1548 in A. I. Cameron Sc. Corr. Mary of Lorraine (1927) 266 I..send yow xl men of the soldeiors..And I have sent yow of the best of them, but I thinke they have bene lyttill tranyd in the warres. 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. vi. 106 To be trayned, and exercysed in the feictes of warre. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 3/2 in Chron. I Bardus..was highly renoumed..for inuention of Dities and musike, wherein..hee trayned his people. 1578 T. P. Of Knowl. Warres x. f. 47^v To haue readie..menne prepared bothe in mindes, & by excercise trayned for this seruice. 1589–90 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 452 Being tranyt up and exerceit in the said arte. 1612 For Colony Virginea Britannia 27 All Captaines, Lieutenants, Serieants, and Corporals, shall be diligent at conuenient times, to traine and exercise their Companies. 1613 J. Hayward William I 77 After~ward the English, being trained to that fight [sc. the practice of archery] did thereby chiefly maintaine themselues with honourable aduantage against all nations. 1660 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Mores Hominum vi. 201 (note) The poorer sort of Fencers..being exercised and trained as Tyrones or young Souldiers in the Campus Martius. 1661 in F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (1907) II. 170 To march, trayne and exercise his company, according to the moderne discipline of warr. c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 39 Such advocates as had been trained up in the civil law. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. xiv. 287 Trained to the dexterous use of their fire-arms. 1753 T. Smollett Ferdinand Count Fathom II. lxv. 265 Don Diego did not train her up in that restraint to which the Spanish ladies are subjected. 1771 H. Mackenzie Man of Feeling xxi. 77 They are taught..that a young woman is a creature to be married. 1797 H. North tr. Abbé de Tressan Mythol. compared with Hist. 177 He trained him for the office of a great commander. 1806 Ann. Reg. 1804 (Otridge ed.) Hist. Europe 41/2 Thinking it not only useless, but dangerous, to attempt to train, as regulars, men who can never assist an army but by acting as irregulars. 1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel II. ix. 199 My mother..privately trained me up in those of the reformed religion. 1859 Househ. Words 14 May 557/2 The women..had aided them in firing at the authorities. Fox, Pitt, and Burke, having trained them to the use of fire arms. 1869 T. H. Huxley in Sci. Opin. 21 Apr. 464/1 He was thoroughly trained in the physical and chemical science of his day. 1909 S. A. Burstall Impressions Amer. Educ. in 1908 viii. 251 Correspondence schools..undertaking..to train people for all sorts of positions in the world of industry. 1920 E. A. Fitzpatrick in E. M. Friedman Amer. & New Era iv. xii. 209 There are two fields in which we have recognized the need for training for service. We train teachers and we train soldiers. 1961 ABA Jrnl. Feb. 158/3 The time..should be devoted to train students in the preparation of standard legal instruments, to examine complete trial files, and to visit actual trials in the courtrooms. 1983 K. W. Grundy Soldiers without Politics viii. 185 Coloured men were going to be trained as full-fledged fighting infantry men. 2002 D. Crouch Normans (2007) iii. 62 His [sc. William of Normandy's] tutors..had trained him up to have the makings of a superb soldier. (b) More generally: to teach behaviour or attitudes to; to educate, rear, bring up. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > training > train [verb (transitive)] to teach of1297 exercec1374 informc1384 schoolc1456 break1474 instruct1510 nuzzle1519 train1531 train1542 frame1547 experience?c1550 to trade up1556 disciplinea1586 disciple1596 nursle1596 accommodate1640 educate1643 model1665 form1711 to break in1785 scholar1807 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes Pref. *** ij^v For teachyng and trainyng young children. 1563 L. Humphrey Nobles or of Nobilitye sig. Yv Of this precepte in traynynge youth,..mine author is god. 1611 Bible (King James) Prov. xxii. 6 Traine vp a childe in the way he should goe. View more context for this quotation 1638 H. Wotton Let. 26 Sept. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 576 I should account the loss of him, whom I have trained from a Child. 1727 J. Gay Fables I. ix. 29 Seek you to train your fav'rite boy? Each caution, ev'ry care employ. 1788 J. Cobb Love in East i. i. 2 The Colonel has, no doubt, taught her to be obedient, in order to train her up for a wife. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. iii. 33 Madame,..trains up a youthful d'Orleans generation in what superfinest morality one can. 1877 E. R. Conder Basis of Faith iii. 103 This protracted pupilage..is admirably calculated to train and perfect his moral character. 1930 D. H. Lawrence Assorted Articles 42 Men..spend years training up the little-boy-baby-face type, till they've got her perfect. Then the moment they marry her, they want something else. 1974 T. Rosengarten All God's Dangers 535 I never trained him up to drink whiskey; that's just a method he picked up. 1990 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 15 Mar. 29/1 These were sexually ignorant women trained to trustful acceptance of authority. 2003 J. Dunn Elizabeth & Mary (2005) v. 170 Since she was six, Mary had been trained to consider herself a French fairytale princess who would eventually be transformed into a French Queen. b. transitive. To cultivate or develop (the mind, the spirit, a faculty, etc.), esp. for a specified purpose; to accustom to performing a specified function. Also with up. ΘΚΠ society > education > [verb (transitive)] tighta1000 teec1000 thewc1175 forma1340 informc1350 nurturec1475 train1531 breeda1568 train1600 to lick (a person or thing) into (shape , etc.)1612 scholar1807 educate1826 1600 S. Nicholson Acolastus his After-witte sig. E3 Thou wast a Father to my head-strong youth; Training my rash-braind thoughts in reasons waies. a1653 H. Binning Fellowship with God (1671) xx. 184 How much more ought a Christian to train up his own heart, and accustome it this way, to be his continual remembrancer of himself. 1768 tr. Voltaire Def. of my Uncle 94 The real learned man is he who has trained his mind only by good books. 1813 C. Cuthbertson Adelaide I. v. 69 We will talk and think of these things when I have trained my mind to sufficient fortitude for submitting to a separation from your fascinating daughter. 1870 Eclectic Aug. 88/1 The business of the man is to train his spirit to learn how to bear and forbear in provocation, weariness, and excitement. 1926 Pop. Mech. Mar. 44/1 (advt.) You can now train your voice at a very small cost in the privacy of your own home. 2008 H. Lung Mind Fist 127 Train your sense of smell to notice out-of-place smells—perhaps alerting you to an intruder in your home? c. intransitive. To follow a course of sustained practice and study in an art, profession, occupation, or procedure; also with as, for, in, or infinitive. In earliest quots.: to follow a course of military drill. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > [verb (intransitive)] > be instructed train1605 1605 J. Stow Annales (new ed.) 1310 The other 3000 citizens..shewed on the Miles end, where they trained all that day. 1685 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 146 4 loades of muskets, pikes, etc...for the scholars to train with. 1765 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 (ed. 2) 38 Many of the militia refused to train with the mangled defaced colours. 1801 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. II. 178/2 Why should the young elect have supposed, that when stabbing that assassin, he was training to be a regicide? 1813 Panoplist Nov. 478/1 Not a single young man was training for the Ministry in Ireland; separate from the establishment. 1825 Lit. Souvenir 85 The young gentleman..very soon began to train as a literary character. 1837 Labourer's Friend Aug. 119 This establishment is..a normal school, for some of the pupils are training to be teachers of the plans. 1863 J. Weiss Life & Corr. T. Parker I. iii. 46 At 17 he began to train... He was very active and punctual in the discharge of his military duties. 1877 Rep. Comm. Militia App. II. 491/2 in Parl. Papers XVIII. 29 The time allowed for training a Militia man is too short to enable him to be instructed in musketry at the same time as he is training in the other drills. 1906 B. Harraden Scholar's Daughter vii. 121 My uncle thought I'd better train to be a doctor. 1938 P. White Let. 23 Mar. (1994) i. 15 They are starting to make appeals here for volunteers to train for the possibility of air-raids. 1981 C. Smythe If you can't beat 'em in Alley vii. 141 At first call-ups only had to train for thirty days. 1988 P. Fitzgerald Beginning of Spring (1989) iii. 25 You ought to train to do what you want to do, even if it's sweeping the streets. 1991 Times Educ. Suppl. 25 Jan. 100/3 There will be an opportunity for one teacher to train in teaching children with language/communication difficulties. 2006 J. Stiehm Champions for Peace i. 17 She trained for a career in opera,..and even though married, she made her own money. 11. a. transitive. To teach (an animal) a particular behaviour, esp. to obey orders; to make (an animal) capable of performing a particular task or function; also with adverbial of result, with in, for, or infinitive, and (archaic) with up. Also: to bring (a horse or greyhound) to a suitable state of fitness for racing; also with for an event.See also obedience-train vb. at obedience n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > tame or train temec1000 tamec1315 faite1362 daunt1377 afaitea1393 reclaima1393 chastisec1400 makea1425 meekc1429 break1474 enter1490 train?1532 law1534 dressc1540 meeken1591 correct1594 subjugate1595 cicure1599 unwild1605 cicurate1606 mancipate1623 familiarize1634 domesticate1641 gentle1651 domesticize1656 civilize1721 educate1760 domiciliate1782 ?1532 Sir T. Eliot tr. Plutarch Educ. or Bringinge up Children ii. sig. B.ii Bothe these whelpes, hauynge one syre and one damme, by custome be trayned in to sondrye disposicions. 1565 J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare iii. 170 Birdes by skil may be trained to recorde, and sounde Mens woordes, although they haue no vnderstandinge of them. 1609 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 181 Richard Eastwood, for his paynes and his coache, to trayne the horses theirin, xxx^s. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 166 These Lions..are..trained in parkes to hunt others. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iv. iv. 51 I answered, That our Horses were trained up from three or four Years old to the several Uses we intended them for. 1765 Treat. Domest. Pigeons 88 When they come to be trained for the homing part. 1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives IV. 65 She trained her youth as the colt is trained to the menage. 1777 J. Priestley Disquis. Matter & Spirit xviii. 239 Dogs..may be trained to catch hares. 1814 W. Scott Waverley II. xvi. 241 Their horses were not trained to the regular pace..nor did they seem bitted (as it is technically expressed) for the use of the sword. View more context for this quotation 1829 Western Monthly Rev. Aug. 96 Animals..may be in a great measure trained out of their instincts. 1872 J. F. Clarke Self-culture (1880) i. 33 Animals can be trained by man, but they cannot train themselves. 1892 in C. S. Cheltnam Dramatic Year Bk. for 1891 243/1 Squire Fallows and his son Harry have a horse called ‘The Outsider’, which is being trained for the Grand National Steeplechase by a gentleman rider named Larry Markey. 1916 R. M. Dawkins Mod. Greek in Asia Minor iv. 315 Go you, and get a horse, and come again. And let us train it up ourselves. 1921 J. Galsworthy To Let i. i, in Forsyte Saga (1922) iii. 639 They've sold their farm. Cousin Val is going to train race-horses on the Sussex Downs. 1939 C. A. Naether Bk. of Pigeon iv. 38 These pigeons are bred and trained for stunt flying. 1955 Life 5 Dec. 171/1 (caption) Trained to beg, Umberto's dog sits up outside Rome's Pantheon holding his master's hat in his mouth. 1989 Country Premier Issue 28/3 I'm training them in obedience and tracking. 2007 P. K.Thiot Zizzeddu i. i. 6 Helping to train greyhounds at Leicester and Hall Green was very poorly paid. b. intransitive. To train racehorses; to be a racing trainer. ΚΠ 1845 Sportsman's Mag. 23 Aug. 278/2 Sam has entirely quitted the profession of jockey, though he still trains at Newmarket. 1877 Spirit of Times 24 Nov. 439/2 He continued to train for more than seventy years, passing through the dark ages of the turf when legitimate course-racing was almost unknown. 1894 J. D. Astley Fifty Years of my Life I. 176 The present Robert Sherwood, who now trains at Newmarket. 2009 R. Lloyd Raising Bar xvi. 175 Prior to joining us he'd trained at Lambourn and Leicester. 12. spec. a. transitive. To supervise (a person) in physical preparations for athletic or sporting competition, or in a programme to enhance fitness or bodily appearance. See also Phrasal verbs. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > training > train or coach [verb (transitive)] train1712 1712 J. Weaver Ess. towards Hist. Dancing v. 115 There were also anciently Athlætic Dances proper for training and exercising Wrestlers. 1807 J. Sinclair Code Health & Longevity I. 705 Those who are trained to the foot-race..take a run for three miles, twice a day. 1832 S. Austin tr. H. L. H. von Pückler-Muskau Tour German Prince III. iv. 74 I kept race-horses myself, and had a Newmarket jockey for a time in my service... It amused me greatly to see this fellow ‘training’ himself. 1887 R. L. Stevenson Memories & Portraits vi. 96 A threat of latent anger in the expression, like that of a man trained too fine and harassed with perpetual vigilance. 1927 Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 57/2 A new exercise device, especially for training athletes, is said to develop muscles. 1968 Black Belt Apr. 4/2 These were karate men who have been trained by the best. 2006 A. Jean Combat to Compensation i. 3 His specialty was the 200-meter free-style. His trainer wanted to train him for the Junior Olympics. b. transitive. To strengthen or develop (a muscle, limb, etc.) through a programme of physical activity.In quot. 1795 with reference to horses; cf. sense 11. ΚΠ 1795 S. Chifney Genius Genuine 168 The first fine care in training horses for running..is, to train their legs to be able to carry their carcase. 1828 C. Caldwell Disc. on Genius & Char. of H. Holley 68 He that would train successfully and to the highest effect the intellects of youth, must proceed precisely as if he were training their muscles. 1857 Harper's New Monthly Mag. Mar. 548/1 He practiced swinging from his cord, both in order to test it and to train his arms, which were weak. 1915 Boys' Life Mar. 17/3 The heart is capable of wonderful endurance and extraordinary effort in an emergency; you can train your heart so that it will respond in time of need. 1958 Nursing (St. John Ambulance Assoc.) xiv. 189 Physiotherapy and occupational therapy should be available to strengthen and train the muscles. 1981 A. Schwarzenegger & B. Dobbins Arnold's Bodybuilding for Men (1984) viii. 193/2 Franco went all out training his legs to develop a shape that would draw attention away from their shortness. 2007 Men's Fitness July 70/3 You train a muscle in isolation first—for example, the chest muscles by doing flyes. c. intransitive. To pursue physical activity, and often a controlled diet, in preparation for athletic or sporting competition, or in a programme to enhance fitness or bodily appearance. Also with for or infinitive. See also Phrasal verbs.See also weight train vb. at weight n.¹ Additions. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > training > train [verb (intransitive)] train1806 point1916 1787 G. Gordon Let. to Attorney Gen. 17 The most athletic and robust young men, who, after trying and training for a certain term, are introduced to the Sovereign as eligible to the appointment.] 1806 J. Jackson in J. Sinclair Coll. Papers Athletic Exercises 25 They never sit down without changing their clothes, whilst they are training, for fear of the rheumatism. 1807 Times 27 Aug. 3/3 Captain Barclay, who is training at East Dean, under Gully and Ward, for his great pedestrian performance against Wood, at Newmarket, in October next, alternately takes physic and bathes every day. 1811 Ld. Byron Hints from Horace 703 The youth who trains to ride, or run a race, Must bear privations. 1873 Harper's Mag. Aug. 408 To nearly every man who trains today for a boat-race..this overheating is of no benefit. 1891 S. J. Duncan Amer. Girl in London xxiii. 247 Oh, we'd like to [eat] but we can't... We're still in training you know... Fellows have got to train pretty much on stodge. 1937 Boys' Life Jan. 18/4 I am training for 640 yard event this fall and I want to run it in the Spring. 1972 New York 26 June 33/2 As the heavyweight champion of the armed services for three out of his four years, he trained with Sonny Liston. 1998 Year Bk. Austral. xii. 398/2 Athletes with disabilities who are training to compete at international level. 2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 2 June d1/1 To train for my first marathon, I'm using the ‘run-walk’ method. 13. transitive. Computing. To configure (a program or device, esp. one based on neural networks) so that it will respond to inputs in the desired manner, by modifying the data controlling its outputs in the light of its responses to a series of test inputs. Cf. training n. 7. ΚΠ 1958 F. Rosenblatt in Res. Rev. (U.S. Naval Res. Office) Oct. 10 The condition shown..can easily be reversed if the perceptron has been ‘trained’ with only a single square and circle before testing. 1966 Y. Bar-Hillel in Automatic Transl. of Lang. (NATO Summer School, Venice, 1962) 22 Certain electronic devices (such as perceptrons) have been built which can be ‘trained’ to perform certain tasks. 1987 Nature 9 July 107/1 Back-propagation provides an elegant way of training a multi-layer network. 2000 Struct. Engineer 1 Feb. 27/2 Once a suitable network architecture is established and the initial weights are assigned to the network connections, the network is ready to be trained. 2005 M. O'Shea Brain: Very Short Introd. vii. 105 The artificial networks can be trained to recognize and respond to complex patterns of input. III. Senses from train n.² 19. 14. To go by train, travel by railway. Usually with adverbial. Now chiefly U.S. a. intransitive. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > [verb (intransitive)] rail1842 railroad1842 railway1855 train1856 train1888 1856 Ld. Granville Let. 12 Feb. in Ld. Fitzmaurice Life Granville (1905) I. vii. 163 After acting as godfather, I trained up to town for the Committee of Privileges. 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 2 Apr. 4/2 So exhausted were the men from the effect of the previous day's ride,..that all trained from Winchester to Farnham. 1904 L. Woolf Let. 28 Dec. (1990) 69 I leave..Sunday, training all that day to a place called Anuradhapure & then having to travel two days in a bullock cart through the jungle. 1944 Billboard 2 Sept. 18/2 Org's officials..are skedded to train in from New York for the one-day session. 2009 S. W. Olds Super Granny Introd. p. xvi We are more likely to drive, bike, train, or fly to visit our grandchildren..than they are to come to us. b. transitive with it. colloquial. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > [verb (intransitive)] rail1842 railroad1842 railway1855 train1856 train1888 1888 Harper's Mag. Nov. 954/2 From Aberdeen to Edinburgh we trained it by easy stages. 1913 H. James Let. 7 June in H. James & E. Wharton Lett. (1990) vi. 255 I trained it down in time for tea, & came away again just as dinner had ended. 1947 Billboard 15 Feb. 53/1 Ida E. Cohen was grounded in Chicago's recent storm, so she trained it to Nashville. 2004 S. Shea & G. Castle Wrigley Field vi. 155 Both teams then trained it back to Detroit. 15. transitive. To take by train, transport by railway. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > [verb (transitive)] > convey by railway rail1861 train1886 railroad1891 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 July 14/1 Ship it [sc. sewage] to Ireland..and let Paddy cart or train it away..to his potato patch or cornfield. 1892 Field 28 May 783/2 Ship the canoe on to the railway and train it right up the Wye valley. a1922 M. Asquith in Women's Writing First World War (1999) 34 The Germans had trained off to Germany all his wife's clothes and underclothes, and all his own wine. Phrasal verbs With adverbs in specialized senses. to train down Originally slang. 1. transitive. To reduce, or reduce the weight or strength of, by exercise and diet, or by hard work. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > training > train or coach [verb (transitive)] > weaken to train down1819 1819 T. Moore Tom Crib's Memorial to Congress 14 For they saw, notwithstanding Crib's honest endeavour To train down the crummy [footnote Fat], 'twas monstrous as ever! 1835 Amer. Turf Reg. & Sporting Mag. July 577 It was known that she had been trained down,..yet in the second heat she was not beaten more than half a length. 1879 Spectator 7 June 720 The beasts, always worn, for that terrible, incessant pulling trains them down almost visibly. 1916 M. Aldrich Told in French Garden v. 120 This was one of the periods in him which I knew so well—when a passion for work was on him, and the fever and fervor of creation trained him down like a racehorse. 1962 Life 15 June 104/2 He stands 5 ft. 11 in. and weighs 170 pounds trained down. 2001 Indianapolis Monthly Aug. 112/2 I start from scratch with a horse, introduce him to the harness and a sulky, jog him for miles and miles to get him in condition, then start training him down till he is fast enough to race. 2. intransitive. To reduce one's weight, or lose weight, by exercise and diet, or by hard work. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > slim shape or physique > slim [verb (intransitive)] > thin > by training waste1761 to train down1838 1838 Sportsman Aug. 96/2 Gentlemen of nervous irritability ought to train down a little before they go on a Welch journey. 1848 Farmer's Mag. Dec. 478 She..has straight quarters, and runs very light in the bone—training down, in fact, to a very wiry, but not by any means a handsome animal. 1866 A. Maclaren Training 22 Under it a powerful man dwindles; and this, not from ‘training down’ as the phrase goes. 1908 Atlantic Monthly Jan. 24/1 ‘You've trained so hard, child. You've trained down to a point where it's dangerous for you to try to live.’ ‘Trained down, grandmother? I am very well.’ 1956 Muscle Power Mar. 5/1 Vince Gironda,..shown here after training down from 180 lbs. to 165 lbs. 2006 A. J. Pollack John L. Sullivan iv. 28 Generally, fighters intentionally trained down in weight for London Prize Ring fights because the fights could last indefinitely. to train off 1. intransitive. To get out of condition, lose form; to lose strength or skill by overtraining or overwork. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > be in ill health [verb (intransitive)] > become unfit to train off1776 society > leisure > sport > training > train [verb (intransitive)] > get into specific condition by training to train on1767 to train off1810 cross-train1984 1776 E. Topham Lett. from Edinb. 98 When they are young they dance extremely well; but afterwards (to speak in the language of the turf) they train off. 1810 Sporting Mag. 36 230 A hard round,..that convinced the judges of boxing that Blake had trained off. 1859 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 20 330 The second [prize] bull, ‘Marmaduke’, has trained off; still there is a good expression about him. 1901 S. Dixon From Gladiateur to Persimmon 81 After three races at Goodwood, all of which he won, he not unnaturally became stale and trained off. 2008 B. F. Cayzer Murder by Med. xi. 93 Good Harvest had trained off after winning the Metropolitan Handicap and was just beginning to come back. 2. intransitive (a) To go away, withdraw; (b) to veer off. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > retire, withdraw, or retreat withdraw1297 recoilc1330 give place1382 arrear1399 to draw backa1400 resortc1425 adrawc1450 recedec1450 retraya1470 returna1470 rebut1481 wyke1481 umbedrawc1485 retreata1500 retract1535 retire1542 to give back1548 regress1552 to fall back?1567 peak1576 flinch1578 to fall offa1586 to draw off1602 to give ground1607 retrograde1613 to train off1796 to beat a retreat1861 to back off1938 the world > space > direction > point or lie in a direction [verb (intransitive)] > incline in a direction > obliquely wryc1374 slant1698 angle1835 to train off1891 1796 R. Heber Let. 8 Dec. in Heber Lett. (1950) iii. 100 Mr. Pulestone..after having made love to Miss Owen..for some time and the wedding day being fix'd, has left her in the lurch and trained off. 1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. I. 48 James gradually trained off from the party. 1833 T. Hook Widow ii, in Love & Pride I. 30 They [sc. suitors] had trained off, upon finding..that Harriet's boasted fortune was visionary. 1870 W. E. Gladstone Let. 21 Nov. in Gladstone-Granville Corr. 164 All factious R.C.'s will train off from us as we shall have no more justice to do them. 1891 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) To train off, to go off obliquely: said of the flight of a shot. 1988 T. Cunliffe Topsail & Battleaxe (1998) 37 Chris had trained off to the eastward..looking like a condemned man. 3. transitive. To reduce or shed by exercise and diet. ΚΠ 1874 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 68 459 The first must train off all his fat to keep his flesh from puffing up under the brutal pounding to which it is exposed. 1891 R. Kipling Light that Failed viii. 165 You're disgracefully out of condition,..pure tallow born of over-feeding. Train it off, Dickie. 1958 Baseball Digest July 78/1 It was after his first big league season that an anonymous Detroit writer reported that Fothergill had ‘trained off his total weight’. 2003 M. K. Campbell & S. O. Farrell Biochem. (ed. 4) xvi. 540/2 It is easier and healthier to train off the weight than to diet off the weight. to train on intransitive. To improve in condition or form with training, to become more proficient. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > training > train [verb (intransitive)] > get into specific condition by training to train on1767 to train off1810 cross-train1984 1767 G. Selwyn Let. 29 Dec. in 15th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS App. vi. 225 in Parl. Papers 1897 (C. 8551) LI. i Lord Beauchamp trains on well, as they say, but il n' a pas le moyen de plaire. 1789 Loiterer 6 June 7 He trained on famously well, and would soon be a very dashing man. 1815 Ld. Byron Let. 10 Jan. (1975) IV. 252 It is impossible to read what you have lately done..without seeing that you have trained on tenfold. 1842 Sporting Mag. May 23 How he has trained on since his arrival at Ascot Heath I have not the means of knowing. 1888 Wallace's Monthly Feb. 936/2 The premier stallion is Bermuda, known as one of the greatest of young trotters bred in any State. He trotted early and trained on. 1937 Daily Tel. 15 Oct. 23/3 He..trained on into a first-rate College oar. 1976 Horse & Hound 10 Dec. 48/2 (advt.) A good sire of fast 2-year-olds that train on. 2003 A. Hunter Amer. Classic Pedigrees xi. 441 He trained on well at four to take the Razorback (gr. III), Oaklawn (gr. II), and Suburban (gr. I) handicaps. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † trainv.² Forms: see train n.¹ Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: train n.¹ Etymology: Apparently < train n.¹ In later use probably sometimes associated with, and semantically influenced by, train v.¹ (compare discussion at that entry).In Middle English prefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix). Obsolete. rare. 1. transitive. To lay as a trap or snare; to set (a trap). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > entrap, ensnare [verb (transitive)] > set with traps trainc1425 trap1908 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 4935 Þat iustly þei may fallen in þe diche Whiche þei han made & for vs y-treyned. 1566 J. Studley tr. Seneca Medea iii. f. 20^v None dare contryue for princes traynyng trappes. 2. Falconry. a. transitive. To entice (a hawk) by means of a live bird used as a lure.Examples of to train to the lure have been interpreted as train v.¹ 11a. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > [verb (transitive)] > entice with or train to lure enlure1486 lure1486 train1575 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 117 Let the Quayle wherewithall you trayne hir, haue a feather pulled out of each wing, and cast off the Sparowhawke to hir a farre off. b. intransitive. Of a hawk: to come to the live bird used as a lure. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > action of hawk > [verb (intransitive)] > come to lure train1578 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 2 The fleetest fishe swalloweth the delicatest bayte,..the highest soaring Hawke trayneth to the lure. 3. transitive. Hunting. To lure using a drag. ΚΠ 1677 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation (ed. 2) i. 109 Thus you may Train a Fox to a Standing, and kill him in an Evening with Gun or Cross-bow. ?1815 A. Mackintosh Mod. Fisher ii. i. 249 Thus you may train a fox to his standing, and take him as you think fit with spring-snare, box, trap, &c.] This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.¹c1390n.²c1390n.³1465v.¹c1425v.²c1425
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† trainn.1

trainn.2

Compounds

trainn.3

Compounds

trainv.1

Phrasal verbs

† trainv.2

† trainn.¹

trainn.²

trainn.³

trainv.¹

† trainv.²