transparentadj.n.

/trɑːnsˈparənt/

/transˈparənt/

/trɑːnsˈpɛːrənt/

/transˈpɛːrənt/

Forms: Also Middle English -paraunt, 1500s–1600s -parant.

Etymology: < medieval Latin transpārēnt-em, present participle of transpārēre (= ‘pellūcēre ’ Du Cange), < trans- prefix + pārēre to appear, be visible. In 15th cent. apparently stressed transpaˈraunt, after French transparent (14th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter).

a. Having the property of transmitting light, so as to render bodies lying beyond completely visible; that can be seen through; diaphanous.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > transparency or translucence > [adjective]

shireOE

brightOE

through-shineOE

cleanc1040

cleara1400

transparent1413

crystalc1425

crystallinec1425

crystal-clear?a1439

pure1481

perspicuatea1500

beryl1508

through-shining1526

diaphane1561

thorough-seeable1562

pellucid1563

sheer1565

translucent1568

liquid1590

tralucent?1592

perspicuous1599

thorough light1601

diaphanic1614

diaphanous1614

perspicable1615

translucid1615

diaphanal1616

lucid1620

diaphaned1626

transpicuous1638

perlucid1647

dioptrical1760

dioptric1801

unconcealing1804

see-through1851

pellucent1886

pool-clear1924

1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) i. iii. 4 The erthe seemyd me al clere and transparaunt, soo that I myght see clerely al that was withynne.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1876) VI. 425 A vesselle made of onichinus, transparente, and polischede by so subtile an arte þat [etc.].

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 29 Nor shines the siluer Moone one halfe so bright, Through the transparent bosome of the deepe.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 265 The Firmament, expanse of liquid, pure, Transparent, Elemental Air.

1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) ii. 14 Transparent Forms, too fine for mortal Sight.

1807 E. Orme Essay Trans. (title) Essay on Transparent Prints, and on Transparencies in general.

1813 R. Bakewell Introd. Geol. i. 34 Uncrystallized quartz is seldom transparent, most frequently translucent, but sometimes opaque.

1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. (1879) iii. §23. 125 Both head and tail [of a comet] are so transparent that all but the faintest stars are easily seen through them.

b. transferred. Pervious to heat-rays. Hence more widely, allowing the passage of any specified kind of radiation. Also, allowing the passage of sound waves without distortion.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > heat > transmission of heat > [adjective] > transmitting freely

diathermanous1834

transcalent1834

diathermal1835

diathermic1840

diathermous1843

transcalescent1850

diathermant1871

transparent1871

the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > [adjective] > relating to radiation > allowing the passage of radiation

transparent1947

the world > matter > physics > science of sound > sound-waves > [adjective]

transparent1962

1871 B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §178 It is probable that no substance is perfectly transparent with respect to heat.

1883 Illustr. London News 24 Feb. 203/3 A table of various substances, some of which are opaque to light and transparent to heat, and the reverse.

1947 Physical Rev. 72 1114/1 At sufficiently high energies the nucleus begins to be transparent to the bombarding particles.

1962 Listener 3 May 770/1 The needles..would be effective only in centimetre wavelengths—to which..the ionosphere is virtually transparent.

1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio ii. 41 Note that rack (as well as table surface) should be made of acoustically transparent mesh.

1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio ii. 269 The rack itself should be transparent to sound.

1974 Nature 13 Dec. 613/2 Their seismic data are said to ‘reveal a distinct basement ridge’ blanketed by acoustically transparent sediments which ‘thin subtly near the crest of the buried ridge’.

1976 Gramophone Apr. 1682/2 The latter consists of a thin framework carrying two stand-off ribs to give a three-faced appearance when the black, acoustically transparent, stockinette cloth is stretched over it.

1978 Nature 21 Sept. 175/1 A container of superfluid ⁴He whose walls are transparent to neutrons with velocity of 450 ms^–1.

1980 Sci. Amer. July 56/1 The interstellar medium is highly transparent to gamma rays.

1982 Nature 9 Sept. 122/1 The ocean is transparent to sound.

†c. That shines through; penetrating, as light.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > [adjective] > shining or luminous > shining through

transparent1593

1593 T. W. Tears of Fancie xxxi My loues transparent beames and rosy colour.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 353 Like to the glorious Sunnes transparant Beames.

†d. Apparent or visible through something. Cf. transpare v. (b). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adjective] > through something

transparent1609

1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) iv. ii. 88 Which, though..Thou ouerlay'st with fayrest colourings; Yet th' vnder-worke, transparent, shewes too plaine.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 490. ⁋7 To my fond Eyes she all transparent stood.

†e. Admitting the passage of light through interstices. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > an opening or aperture > [adjective] > having (a) hole(s) > admitting light through interstices

transparent1617

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 141 Not farre thence is a transparant and pleasant, but little Wood.

1693 W. Congreve tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires xi. 220 He, whose thin Transparent Rags, declare How much, his tatter'd Fortune wants repair.

2. figurative.

a. Frank, open, candid, ingenuous.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > unaffectedness or naturalness > [adjective] > straightforward or frank

right fortha1382

plaina1393

free-hearteda1398

round1487

opena1535

sincere1539

frank1555

pert1567

single-hearted1574

single-minded1577

direct1586

open-hearted1593

open-breasted1594

transparent1600

unclose1606

unminced1648

even down1654

unreserved1654

rugged1678

plain sailing1707

whole-footed1744

sturdy1775

heart-in-mouth1827

jannock1828

straightforward1829

direct-dealing1830

undiplomatic1834

straight-ahead1836

straight-up-and-down1859

man to man1902

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. ii. 110 Transparent Helena, nature shewes arte, That through thy bosome, makes me see thy heart.

1635 Ld. Carew in Lismore Papers (1888) 2nd Ser. III. 217 They are very well beloued for their ciuill and transparent carriage towards all sorts.

1878 T. Hardy Return of Native I. i. iv. 81 An ingenuous, transparent life was disclosed.

1891 E. Peacock Narcissa Brendon II. 306 She was transparent as the daylight.

b. Easily seen through, recognized, understood, or detected; manifest, evident, obvious, clear. Cf. apparent adj. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > [adjective]

sutelc897

openeOE

ebera975

graithc1325

broadc1374

plainc1375

clearc1380

grossc1380

manifest1385

notoire1409

patent1508

sensible?1531

discovered1537

plain as a pikestaff (also packstaff, pad-staff)1542

palpable1545

demonstrative1552

plain as the nose on (in) one's face1560

illustrate1562

appearing1566

notorious1581

obvious1583

unshadowed1593

transparent1597

liquid1610

visible1614

pellucid1644

illustrious1654

apertive1661

conspectable1727

suggestive1806

1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. ii. 93 Then turne teares to fire, And these who often drownde could neuer die, Transparent Heretiques be burnt for liers.

1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. ii. §150. 111 Your Argument against us, is a transparent fallacy.

1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 197. ⁋5 In Courts, they make transparent Flatterers.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. v. 347 A transparent artifice..paralyses them.

1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 178 The fallacy of the remark is transparent.

1879 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times II. xviii. 37 The transparent sincerity of his purpose.

c. Linguistics. Obvious in structure or meaning; that can be extrapolated from surface structure; of a phonological rule: that can be extrapolated from every occurrence of the phenomenon, in which every context implies the rule (opposed to opaque adj. 4).

ΚΠ

1974 S. R. Anderson Organization of Phonol. xii. 209 Historical change can be seen to operate on nontransparent (or opaque) rules so as to make them more transparent or to eliminate them from the grammar.

1975 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 20 175 Rules tend to be ordered so as to become maximally transparent, where transparency is the opposite of opacity.

1977 Language 53 820 A compound may be highly transparent semantically when it is coined.

1980 Amer. Speech 55 38 The hydronymic element -kill and names formed from it are semantically opaque, whereas creek and brook are transparent.

1981 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 26 73 They..show no preferences either way if both word boundary and formative boundary derivations are transparent.

3. Of reproduced sound: clear, without tonal distortion, not blurred, with each element distinct.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > audibility > [adjective] > transparent

transaudient1854

transparent1950

1950 Audio Engin. Sept. 33/2 The sound is then said to be transparent..; no acoustic fog veils the ensemble, and each instrument stands out with clarity.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	transparent
释义	transparentadj.n. /trɑːnsˈparənt//transˈparənt//trɑːnsˈpɛːrənt//transˈpɛːrənt/ Forms: Also Middle English -paraunt, 1500s–1600s -parant. Etymology: < medieval Latin transpārēnt-em, present participle of transpārēre (= ‘pellūcēre ’ Du Cange), < trans- prefix + pārēre to appear, be visible. In 15th cent. apparently stressed transpaˈraunt, after French transparent (14th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter). 1. a. Having the property of transmitting light, so as to render bodies lying beyond completely visible; that can be seen through; diaphanous. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > transparency or translucence > [adjective] shireOE brightOE through-shineOE cleanc1040 cleara1400 transparent1413 crystalc1425 crystallinec1425 crystal-clear?a1439 pure1481 perspicuatea1500 beryl1508 through-shining1526 diaphane1561 thorough-seeable1562 pellucid1563 sheer1565 translucent1568 liquid1590 tralucent?1592 perspicuous1599 thorough light1601 diaphanic1614 diaphanous1614 perspicable1615 translucid1615 diaphanal1616 lucid1620 diaphaned1626 transpicuous1638 perlucid1647 dioptrical1760 dioptric1801 unconcealing1804 see-through1851 pellucent1886 pool-clear1924 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) i. iii. 4 The erthe seemyd me al clere and transparaunt, soo that I myght see clerely al that was withynne. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1876) VI. 425 A vesselle made of onichinus, transparente, and polischede by so subtile an arte þat [etc.]. 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 29 Nor shines the siluer Moone one halfe so bright, Through the transparent bosome of the deepe. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 265 The Firmament, expanse of liquid, pure, Transparent, Elemental Air. View more context for this quotation 1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) ii. 14 Transparent Forms, too fine for mortal Sight. 1807 E. Orme Essay Trans. (title) Essay on Transparent Prints, and on Transparencies in general. 1813 R. Bakewell Introd. Geol. i. 34 Uncrystallized quartz is seldom transparent, most frequently translucent, but sometimes opaque. 1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. (1879) iii. §23. 125 Both head and tail [of a comet] are so transparent that all but the faintest stars are easily seen through them. b. transferred. Pervious to heat-rays. Hence more widely, allowing the passage of any specified kind of radiation. Also, allowing the passage of sound waves without distortion. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > heat > transmission of heat > [adjective] > transmitting freely diathermanous1834 transcalent1834 diathermal1835 diathermic1840 diathermous1843 transcalescent1850 diathermant1871 transparent1871 the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > [adjective] > relating to radiation > allowing the passage of radiation transparent1947 the world > matter > physics > science of sound > sound-waves > [adjective] transparent1962 1871 B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §178 It is probable that no substance is perfectly transparent with respect to heat. 1883 Illustr. London News 24 Feb. 203/3 A table of various substances, some of which are opaque to light and transparent to heat, and the reverse. 1947 Physical Rev. 72 1114/1 At sufficiently high energies the nucleus begins to be transparent to the bombarding particles. 1962 Listener 3 May 770/1 The needles..would be effective only in centimetre wavelengths—to which..the ionosphere is virtually transparent. 1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio ii. 41 Note that rack (as well as table surface) should be made of acoustically transparent mesh. 1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio ii. 269 The rack itself should be transparent to sound. 1974 Nature 13 Dec. 613/2 Their seismic data are said to ‘reveal a distinct basement ridge’ blanketed by acoustically transparent sediments which ‘thin subtly near the crest of the buried ridge’. 1976 Gramophone Apr. 1682/2 The latter consists of a thin framework carrying two stand-off ribs to give a three-faced appearance when the black, acoustically transparent, stockinette cloth is stretched over it. 1978 Nature 21 Sept. 175/1 A container of superfluid ⁴He whose walls are transparent to neutrons with velocity of 450 ms^–1. 1980 Sci. Amer. July 56/1 The interstellar medium is highly transparent to gamma rays. 1982 Nature 9 Sept. 122/1 The ocean is transparent to sound. †c. That shines through; penetrating, as light. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > [adjective] > shining or luminous > shining through transparent1593 1593 T. W. Tears of Fancie xxxi My loues transparent beames and rosy colour. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 353 Like to the glorious Sunnes transparant Beames. View more context for this quotation †d. Apparent or visible through something. Cf. transpare v. (b). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adjective] > through something transparent1609 1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) iv. ii. 88 Which, though..Thou ouerlay'st with fayrest colourings; Yet th' vnder-worke, transparent, shewes too plaine. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 490. ⁋7 To my fond Eyes she all transparent stood. †e. Admitting the passage of light through interstices. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > an opening or aperture > [adjective] > having (a) hole(s) > admitting light through interstices transparent1617 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 141 Not farre thence is a transparant and pleasant, but little Wood. 1693 W. Congreve tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires xi. 220 He, whose thin Transparent Rags, declare How much, his tatter'd Fortune wants repair. 2. figurative. a. Frank, open, candid, ingenuous. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > unaffectedness or naturalness > [adjective] > straightforward or frank right fortha1382 plaina1393 free-hearteda1398 round1487 opena1535 sincere1539 frank1555 pert1567 single-hearted1574 single-minded1577 direct1586 open-hearted1593 open-breasted1594 transparent1600 unclose1606 unminced1648 even down1654 unreserved1654 rugged1678 plain sailing1707 whole-footed1744 sturdy1775 heart-in-mouth1827 jannock1828 straightforward1829 direct-dealing1830 undiplomatic1834 straight-ahead1836 straight-up-and-down1859 man to man1902 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. ii. 110 Transparent Helena, nature shewes arte, That through thy bosome, makes me see thy heart. View more context for this quotation 1635 Ld. Carew in Lismore Papers (1888) 2nd Ser. III. 217 They are very well beloued for their ciuill and transparent carriage towards all sorts. 1878 T. Hardy Return of Native I. i. iv. 81 An ingenuous, transparent life was disclosed. 1891 E. Peacock Narcissa Brendon II. 306 She was transparent as the daylight. b. Easily seen through, recognized, understood, or detected; manifest, evident, obvious, clear. Cf. apparent adj. 3. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > [adjective] sutelc897 openeOE ebera975 graithc1325 broadc1374 plainc1375 clearc1380 grossc1380 manifest1385 notoire1409 patent1508 sensible?1531 discovered1537 plain as a pikestaff (also packstaff, pad-staff)1542 palpable1545 demonstrative1552 plain as the nose on (in) one's face1560 illustrate1562 appearing1566 notorious1581 obvious1583 unshadowed1593 transparent1597 liquid1610 visible1614 pellucid1644 illustrious1654 apertive1661 conspectable1727 suggestive1806 1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. ii. 93 Then turne teares to fire, And these who often drownde could neuer die, Transparent Heretiques be burnt for liers. View more context for this quotation 1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. ii. §150. 111 Your Argument against us, is a transparent fallacy. 1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 197. ⁋5 In Courts, they make transparent Flatterers. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. v. 347 A transparent artifice..paralyses them. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 178 The fallacy of the remark is transparent. 1879 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times II. xviii. 37 The transparent sincerity of his purpose. c. Linguistics. Obvious in structure or meaning; that can be extrapolated from surface structure; of a phonological rule: that can be extrapolated from every occurrence of the phenomenon, in which every context implies the rule (opposed to opaque adj. 4). ΚΠ 1974 S. R. Anderson Organization of Phonol. xii. 209 Historical change can be seen to operate on nontransparent (or opaque) rules so as to make them more transparent or to eliminate them from the grammar. 1975 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 20 175 Rules tend to be ordered so as to become maximally transparent, where transparency is the opposite of opacity. 1977 Language 53 820 A compound may be highly transparent semantically when it is coined. 1980 Amer. Speech 55 38 The hydronymic element -kill and names formed from it are semantically opaque, whereas creek and brook are transparent. 1981 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 26 73 They..show no preferences either way if both word boundary and formative boundary derivations are transparent. 3. Of reproduced sound: clear, without tonal distortion, not blurred, with each element distinct. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > audibility > [adjective] > transparent transaudient1854 transparent1950 1950 Audio Engin. Sept. 33/2 The sound is then said to be transparent..; no acoustic fog veils the ensemble, and each instrument stands out with clarity. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < adj.n.1413
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