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单词 transparent
释义

transparentadj.n.

/trɑːnsˈparənt//transˈparənt//trɑːnsˈpɛːrənt//transˈpɛːrənt/
Forms: Also Middle English -paraunt, 1500s–1600s -parant.
Etymology: < medieval Latin transpārēnt-em, present participle of transpārēre (= ‘pellūcēre ’ Du Cange), < trans- prefix + pārēre to appear, be visible. In 15th cent. apparently stressed transpaˈraunt, after French transparent (14th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter).
1.
a. Having the property of transmitting light, so as to render bodies lying beyond completely visible; that can be seen through; diaphanous.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > transparency or translucence > [adjective]
shireOE
brightOE
through-shineOE
cleanc1040
cleara1400
transparent1413
crystalc1425
crystallinec1425
crystal-clear?a1439
pure1481
perspicuatea1500
beryl1508
through-shining1526
diaphane1561
thorough-seeable1562
pellucid1563
sheer1565
translucent1568
liquid1590
tralucent?1592
perspicuous1599
thorough light1601
diaphanic1614
diaphanous1614
perspicable1615
translucid1615
diaphanal1616
lucid1620
diaphaned1626
transpicuous1638
perlucid1647
dioptrical1760
dioptric1801
unconcealing1804
see-through1851
pellucent1886
pool-clear1924
1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) i. iii. 4 The erthe seemyd me al clere and transparaunt, soo that I myght see clerely al that was withynne.
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1876) VI. 425 A vesselle made of onichinus, transparente, and polischede by so subtile an arte þat [etc.].
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 29 Nor shines the siluer Moone one halfe so bright, Through the transparent bosome of the deepe. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 265 The Firmament, expanse of liquid, pure, Transparent, Elemental Air. View more context for this quotation
1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) ii. 14 Transparent Forms, too fine for mortal Sight.
1807 E. Orme Essay Trans. (title) Essay on Transparent Prints, and on Transparencies in general.
1813 R. Bakewell Introd. Geol. i. 34 Uncrystallized quartz is seldom transparent, most frequently translucent, but sometimes opaque.
1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. (1879) iii. §23. 125 Both head and tail [of a comet] are so transparent that all but the faintest stars are easily seen through them.
b. transferred. Pervious to heat-rays. Hence more widely, allowing the passage of any specified kind of radiation. Also, allowing the passage of sound waves without distortion.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > heat > transmission of heat > [adjective] > transmitting freely
diathermanous1834
transcalent1834
diathermal1835
diathermic1840
diathermous1843
transcalescent1850
diathermant1871
transparent1871
the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > [adjective] > relating to radiation > allowing the passage of radiation
transparent1947
the world > matter > physics > science of sound > sound-waves > [adjective]
transparent1962
1871 B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §178 It is probable that no substance is perfectly transparent with respect to heat.
1883 Illustr. London News 24 Feb. 203/3 A table of various substances, some of which are opaque to light and transparent to heat, and the reverse.
1947 Physical Rev. 72 1114/1 At sufficiently high energies the nucleus begins to be transparent to the bombarding particles.
1962 Listener 3 May 770/1 The needles..would be effective only in centimetre wavelengths—to which..the ionosphere is virtually transparent.
1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio ii. 41 Note that rack (as well as table surface) should be made of acoustically transparent mesh.
1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio ii. 269 The rack itself should be transparent to sound.
1974 Nature 13 Dec. 613/2 Their seismic data are said to ‘reveal a distinct basement ridge’ blanketed by acoustically transparent sediments which ‘thin subtly near the crest of the buried ridge’.
1976 Gramophone Apr. 1682/2 The latter consists of a thin framework carrying two stand-off ribs to give a three-faced appearance when the black, acoustically transparent, stockinette cloth is stretched over it.
1978 Nature 21 Sept. 175/1 A container of superfluid 4He whose walls are transparent to neutrons with velocity of 450 ms–1.
1980 Sci. Amer. July 56/1 The interstellar medium is highly transparent to gamma rays.
1982 Nature 9 Sept. 122/1 The ocean is transparent to sound.
c. That shines through; penetrating, as light.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > [adjective] > shining or luminous > shining through
transparent1593
1593 T. W. Tears of Fancie xxxi My loues transparent beames and rosy colour.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 353 Like to the glorious Sunnes transparant Beames. View more context for this quotation
d. Apparent or visible through something. Cf. transpare v. (b). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adjective] > through something
transparent1609
1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) iv. ii. 88 Which, though..Thou ouerlay'st with fayrest colourings; Yet th' vnder-worke, transparent, shewes too plaine.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 490. ⁋7 To my fond Eyes she all transparent stood.
e. Admitting the passage of light through interstices. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > an opening or aperture > [adjective] > having (a) hole(s) > admitting light through interstices
transparent1617
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 141 Not farre thence is a transparant and pleasant, but little Wood.
1693 W. Congreve tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires xi. 220 He, whose thin Transparent Rags, declare How much, his tatter'd Fortune wants repair.
2. figurative.
a. Frank, open, candid, ingenuous.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > unaffectedness or naturalness > [adjective] > straightforward or frank
right fortha1382
plaina1393
free-hearteda1398
round1487
opena1535
sincere1539
frank1555
pert1567
single-hearted1574
single-minded1577
direct1586
open-hearted1593
open-breasted1594
transparent1600
unclose1606
unminced1648
even down1654
unreserved1654
rugged1678
plain sailing1707
whole-footed1744
sturdy1775
heart-in-mouth1827
jannock1828
straightforward1829
direct-dealing1830
undiplomatic1834
straight-ahead1836
straight-up-and-down1859
man to man1902
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. ii. 110 Transparent Helena, nature shewes arte, That through thy bosome, makes me see thy heart. View more context for this quotation
1635 Ld. Carew in Lismore Papers (1888) 2nd Ser. III. 217 They are very well beloued for their ciuill and transparent carriage towards all sorts.
1878 T. Hardy Return of Native I. i. iv. 81 An ingenuous, transparent life was disclosed.
1891 E. Peacock Narcissa Brendon II. 306 She was transparent as the daylight.
b. Easily seen through, recognized, understood, or detected; manifest, evident, obvious, clear. Cf. apparent adj. 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > [adjective]
sutelc897
openeOE
ebera975
graithc1325
broadc1374
plainc1375
clearc1380
grossc1380
manifest1385
notoire1409
patent1508
sensible?1531
discovered1537
plain as a pikestaff (also packstaff, pad-staff)1542
palpable1545
demonstrative1552
plain as the nose on (in) one's face1560
illustrate1562
appearing1566
notorious1581
obvious1583
unshadowed1593
transparent1597
liquid1610
visible1614
pellucid1644
illustrious1654
apertive1661
conspectable1727
suggestive1806
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. ii. 93 Then turne teares to fire, And these who often drownde could neuer die, Transparent Heretiques be burnt for liers. View more context for this quotation
1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. ii. §150. 111 Your Argument against us, is a transparent fallacy.
1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 197. ⁋5 In Courts, they make transparent Flatterers.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. v. 347 A transparent artifice..paralyses them.
1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 178 The fallacy of the remark is transparent.
1879 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times II. xviii. 37 The transparent sincerity of his purpose.
c. Linguistics. Obvious in structure or meaning; that can be extrapolated from surface structure; of a phonological rule: that can be extrapolated from every occurrence of the phenomenon, in which every context implies the rule (opposed to opaque adj. 4).
ΚΠ
1974 S. R. Anderson Organization of Phonol. xii. 209 Historical change can be seen to operate on nontransparent (or opaque) rules so as to make them more transparent or to eliminate them from the grammar.
1975 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 20 175 Rules tend to be ordered so as to become maximally transparent, where transparency is the opposite of opacity.
1977 Language 53 820 A compound may be highly transparent semantically when it is coined.
1980 Amer. Speech 55 38 The hydronymic element -kill and names formed from it are semantically opaque, whereas creek and brook are transparent.
1981 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 26 73 They..show no preferences either way if both word boundary and formative boundary derivations are transparent.
3. Of reproduced sound: clear, without tonal distortion, not blurred, with each element distinct.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > audibility > [adjective] > transparent
transaudient1854
transparent1950
1950 Audio Engin. Sept. 33/2 The sound is then said to be transparent..; no acoustic fog veils the ensemble, and each instrument stands out with clarity.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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adj.n.1413
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