tramn.²

Brit.

/tram/, U.S.

/træm/

Etymology: In sense 1, used in Scots c1500, and probably earlier; apparently the same word as Low German traam ‘balk, beam, e.g. of a wheelbarrow or dung-sledge, tram, handle of a barrow or sledge, also a rung or step of a ladder, bar of a chair’ ( Brem. Wbch. 1771), East Frisian trame, trâm beam of wood, rung or step of a ladder, bar of a chair, tram of a wheelbarrow; in Middle Low German trame, treme, Middle Dutch trame balk or beam, rung of a ladder, etc.; West Flemish traam, trame. The specific sense first found in Scotch is ‘the tram of a barrow’. The further sense-development presents many difficulties, chiefly from the scarcity of early examples, and the fact that the various senses are from separate localities, so that they cannot be taken as showing any general development. But branch II, in which tram is a miners' term for the vehicle for carrying coal or ore (in its development from a hand-barrow, or at least a sledge, to a small 4-wheeled iron wagon) may, on the principle of pars pro toto , have arisen out of that of ‘barrow-tram’ in I. Branch III is more difficult, and is the crux of the word. But if it was short for something like ‘tram-track’, it might have arisen out of II; and if it was applied primarily to the wooden beams or ‘rails’ laid as wheel tracks, it might conceivably go back to the Low German sense of ‘balk’ or ‘beam’: evidence is wanting. From II or III used attributively came tram-road (in use in 1800), and the later tram-way (in use in 1825); also tram-carriage and the modern tram-car , known in 1868 and 1873 respectively, and before 1880 shortened in popular English use to tram , branch IV, which thus by a circuitous course ‘harks back’ to a sense akin to branch II.

I. A shaft of a barrow or cart.

a. Each of the two shafts of a cart or wagon, a hand-barrow, or a wheelbarrow, the ends of which in a barrow form the handles. Scottish.These shafts are prolongations of the strong side-timbers of the frame or body of the structure: in a hand-barrow these are prolonged both ways, to form shafts or trams both before and behind, by which the two bearers carry the barrow; in a wheelbarrow they are prolonged in one direction to form the shafts, or trams, and in the other to form sockets for the axle of the wheel; in a cart they are prolonged in front to form the strong shafts or trams within which the horse walks, while their ends usually form short projections behind.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle pushed or pulled by person > [noun] > wheelbarrow or handcart > shaft of

tram?a1513

barrow-tram1568

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > parts of cart or carriage > [noun] > shaft(s) or pole

thillc1325

limber1480

sway1535

neap1553

draught-tree1580

wain-beam1589

beam1600

fills1609

spire1609

foreteam?1611

verge1611

shaft1613

rangy1657

pole1683

thrill1688

trill1688

rod1695

range1702

neb1710

sharp1733

tram1766

carriage pole1767

sill1787

tongue1792

nib1808

dissel-boom1822

tongue-tree1829

reach1869

wain-stang1876

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 237 I wald schou war, bayth syd and back, Weill batteret with an barrou tram.

1545 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 360 Ane pair of sled trammys to be lymmaris to ane of the saiddis falconis [guns].

1568 Christis Kirk on Grene in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 267 Than followit feymen ry^t on affeird Bet on wi^t barrow trammis.

1657 S. Colvil Mock Poem (1751) 19 His arms were stiff like barrow-trams.

1766 State of Proc., D. Macdonald v. A. Dk. of Gordon Pursuer's Proof 8 Light timber, such as stings and cart trams.

1790 A. Shirrefs Poems 360 Nor is the naig the worse to draw A wee while in the trams.

a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 218 Ae auld wheelbarrow, mair for token, Ae leg an' baith the trams are broken.

1830 J. Galt Lawrie Todd II. iv. viii. 68 I..sat down on the tram of the waggon.

1849 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. (new ed.) II. vi. 75 Nearly an hour was..lost, by an accident to one of the trams of the royal carriage.

b. transferred. In plural. The two upright posts of a gallows; also humorously, in singular, a man's leg; particularly, a wooden leg.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] > gallows > parts of

ladderc1515

yardarm?a1554

tramc1650

drop1796

drop-bolt1890

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > leg > [noun]

shanka900

legc1300

grainsa1400

limbc1400

foot?a1425

stumpa1500

pin?1515

pestlea1529

boughc1550

stamp1567

understander1583

pile1584

supporters1601

walker?1611

trestle1612

fetlock1645

pedestal1695

drumstick1770

gam1785

timber1807

tram1808–18

fork1812

prop1817

nethers1822

forkals1828

understanding1828

stick1830

nether person1835

locomotive1836

nether man1846

underpinning1848

bender1849

Scotch peg1857

Scotch1859

under-pinner1859

stem1860

Coryate's compasses1864

peg1891

wheel1927

shaft1935

the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > prosthesis or spare part > [noun] > leg

leg1574

wooden leg1582

stump1679

peg leg1769

timber-toe1785

peg1826

tram1836

jury-leg1850

pylon1919

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 4 Be order, the hangman brak his suord betuixt the crossis of Abirdein, and betuixt the gallowis-tramis standing thair.

1808–18 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Tram, in a ludicrous sense, the leg or limb; as lang trams, long limbs.

1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge iii. 43 He began to thunder at the low door, with him pillar-like trams.

1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge xi. 185 It must have stumped along for fifty yards on a leg of flesh, and a tram of wood.

1882 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Applied also to a person with long ungainly legs, Clydes.

II. A framework, barrow, or the like, on which loads are dragged, carried, or supported.

a. Coal Mining. A quadrilateral frame or skeleton truck on which the corves were formerly carried; at first probably carried like a hand-barrow, then dragged like a sledge, afterwards provided with low wheels on which to run; in some colliery districts applied to the small iron truck which supplies the place of the earlier ‘tram’ and corve; in others to the part of the ‘tub’ (on wheels) to which the ‘box’ is bolted.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > mining equipment > [noun] > vehicle for underground haulage or transportation

tram1517

wagon1649

rolley1817

buggy1867

barney1874

hod1883

whirley1886

shuttle car1905

manrider1967

scooptram1967

1517 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 293 Item ad puteum [pit] de Hett,..1 restis et 1 cruke de ferro... 2 pykes, 2 trammys, et 2 shulys.

1585 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 112 j long wayne without wheels, ij yron ax-nailes, and ij yokes, 6^s. j cowpe, ij trams, and two ax-trees 2^s. 8^d.

1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 15 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) The Wages for the Barrow-Men is..about twenty Pence, or two and twenty Pence a Day for each Tram (that is to say) for putting so many loaden Corves, as are carried on one Sledge, or Tram in one Day to the Pit-Shaft.

1789 J. Brand Hist. & Antiq. Newcastle II. 681 Trams are a kind of sledges on which the coals are brought from the places where they are hewn to the shaft. A tram has four wheels, but a sledge properly so called is drawn by a horse without wheels.

1797 J. Curr Coal Viewer 9 Placing the corf upon a small frame or tram..and hooking or chaining one tram to another.

1817 J. Farey Gen. View Agric. Derbyshire III. 439 The Trams..have stout lower side pieces of wood which project at each end, and are hooped with iron which just meet together and receive the shock when the Trams overtake each other.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 982 An improvement..is to place the basket or corve on a small four-wheeled carriage, called a tram, or to attach wheels to the corve itself.

1841 J. Holland Hist. & Descr. Fossil Fuel, Collieries, & Coal Trade (ed. 2) 227 The coals..were conveyed..on trams, a narrow framework of wood mounted on four low wheels.

1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 54 Since the substitution of tubs, the trams have been attached to them.

1867 W. W. Smyth Treat. Coal & Coal-mining 149 The northern method was to fill the coals..into a large basket (corve) of wicker..and to drag it on a small carriage, or tram,..to the crane-place on the main road.

1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 257 In South Wales trams constructed wholly of wrought iron or steel are much used... They have a carrying capacity of 25 cwt.

1888 W. E. Nicholson Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Tram, the term still applies to the part of a tub to which the box is bolted.

1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words (at cited word) Trams and tubs are now made in one.

b. transferred. The one or two lads in charge of a tram; also, the work performed by these.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > coal-miner > who works with trams, tubs, etc.

coal putter1708

foal1770

onsetter1789

putter1812

headsman1813

trapper1815

thruster1825

trammer1839

train boy1852

tram1856

hanger-on1858

tipper1861

hooker-on?1881

jiggerer?1881

hitcher1890

tub-loader1891

haulier1892

tilter1892

unhooker1892

flatter1894

jagger1900

thrutcher1901

tram-boy1904

filler1921

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > work done by those running tram

tram1894

1856 W. Whellan Hist. Durham 94 When a boy ‘puts’ or drags a load by himself he is designated a tram.

1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words (at cited word) Sometimes tram was applied to the two lads in charge of it [sc. the colliery tram]—called a ‘tram of lads’. ‘Half a tram’, the work of one putter where two are engaged on a tram.

3. A quadrilateral frame or bench (like the body of a hand-barrow) supported on four legs or blocks, on which casks or the like stand, or at which an artisan works.

ΘΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > work-benches, seats, etc. > [noun] > work-bench

workbench?1675

bench1728

tram1807

1807 T. Rudge Gen. View Agric. Gloucester xiii. 290 The cheese-tub is first ‘laid,’ that is, placed on a small ‘tram’ or bench.

1884 R. Lawson Upton-on-Severn Words & Phrases Tram or Tramming, a framework, or a loose arrangement, of stout parallel rails on short legs, or blocks, for supporting casks.

1893 J. Salisbury Gloss. Words S.E. Worcs. Tram, a strong square frame with four legs on which a wheelwright makes wheels; also a stand for casks.

III. A track of wood, stone, or iron; a tram-road or tramway.

4. A continuous line or track of timber beams or ‘rails’, or later of stone blocks or slabs, a parallel pair of which lines formed a tramway, originally in or from a mine. Hence, each of the wheel-tracks or ‘rails’ of a tram-road of an early type, or of a later tramway or railway.See also quot. 1825 at sense 5, and tramline n., tram-road n., tramway n.

ΘΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun] > each of wheeltracks or rails on

tram1826

tram-rail1839

a1734 R. North Life F. North (1742) 136 The Manner of the Carriage [of coals in Northumberland in 1676] is by laying Rails of Timber, from the Colliery, down to the River, exactly streight and parallel; and bulky Carts are made with four Rowlets fitting these Rails; whereby the Carriage is so easy that one Horse will draw four or five Chaldron of Coals, and is an immense Benefit to the Coal Merchants.]

1826 J. Adamson Sketches Information Rail-roads 6 The upper flat part [of a rail on a railway], along which the wheel rolls, we may, from its analogy to the old wooden rails, call the tram of the rail.

1834 N. W. Cundy Inland Transit (ed. 2) 1 The Manchester and Liverpool railroad, in my opinion, is constructed too narrow both in the trams and the space between them.

1838 F. W. Simms Public Wks. Great Brit. iii. 3 He [Mr. Macneill] is laying stone blocks or trams for the wheels to roll upon.

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 187 Tram..One of the rails of a tramroad or railroad.

5. A road laid with such wooden planks or rails, or with parallel rows of stone slabs or of iron plates or ‘rails’, for the easier passage of loaded wagons, etc., in a coal-mine or above ground; a tram-road of an early type.Note. The following quot. for tram is difficult to place. It has the appearance of belonging to sense 5; but its early date is at variance with this. No part of the road in or near the Bridgegate at Barnard Castle is now known as ‘the tram’, nor is there any tradition of the former existence of a tramway of any kind there. On the opposite or Yorkshire side of the Tees, the road running southward from the end of the bridge is protected from the river by a heavy stone wall locally known as ‘the tram wall’; but this does not seem to answer to the words of the will.

1555 Will of Ambrose Middleton in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 37 (note) To the amendinge of the highewaye or tram, from the weste ende of Bridgegait, in Barnard Castle, 20s.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun]

tram-road1800

timber-road1803

tramway1825

tram1850

trackway1858

1825 E. Mackenzie Hist. View Northumberland I. 146 Square wooden rails laid in two right parallel lines, and firmly pegged down on wooden sleepers. The tops of the rail are plained smooth and round, and sometimes covered with plates of wrought iron. About the year 1786 cast-iron railways were introduced as an improvement upon the tram or wooden rail-way.]

1850 D. T. Ansted Elem. Course Geol. §1117 The loaded waggons, or corves, are conveyed along the tram by lads called putters.

1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 June 10 Have they not trams in the suburbs of half our Lancashire towns, and is there not a tram on a grand scale for the use of those long ugly Omnibus Americains which ply between Paris and Versailles?

IV. Short for tram-car n. or the like.

6. A passenger car on a street tramway; a tram-car.

ΘΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > public service vehicle > [noun] > tramcar

streetcar1832

road car1834

tram-carriage1868

tramway car1872

tram-car1873

surface car1879

tram1879

car1890

railbus1932

1879 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Tram, a car on a horse-railroad. Eng.

1880 M. Fitzgibbon Trip to Manitoba vii. 71 To see if the trams were coming.

1883 G. H. Boughton in Harper's Mag. Apr. 702/1 It was so easy to pop into the..tram.

1884 Harper's Mag. Sept. 524/1 Taking the tram to Scheveningen.

1887 Punch 12 Mar. 130/2 She is left without a penny to pay for tram or bus.

1902 R. Bagot Donna Diana xiii. 141 The discordant clanging of the gongs of electric trams fall hideously on the ear.

7. An overhead or suspended carrier travelling on a cable.

ΘΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle travelling on or by cable > [noun]

buggy1867

cable-carriera1884

telpher train1884

cable-car1887

telpher1901

tram1905

flying fox1936

1905 Daily Chron. 23 Sept. 8/1 (Supply of meat at Aldershot) Hoisting gear bears the carcases quickly away for dressing, and when that is done, an overhead carrying line, conveniently referred to as the ‘tram’, conveys them to the cooling room.

Compounds

C1. General attributive. See also tram-car n., tramline n., etc.

tram-beam n. (figurative in quot.)

1879 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 81 Or to-fro tender trambeams truckle at the eye.

tram-bell n.

1905 Daily Chron. 14 Sept. 3/1 The incessant clanging of the tram-bell [in Holland].

tram-boy n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > coal-miner > who works with trams, tubs, etc.

coal putter1708

foal1770

onsetter1789

putter1812

headsman1813

trapper1815

thruster1825

trammer1839

train boy1852

tram1856

hanger-on1858

tipper1861

hooker-on?1881

jiggerer?1881

hitcher1890

tub-loader1891

haulier1892

tilter1892

unhooker1892

flatter1894

jagger1900

thrutcher1901

tram-boy1904

filler1921

1904 J. Wells Life J. H. Wilson xi. 97 He..established societies for the tram-boys [in collieries].

tram-carriage n.

ΘΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > public service vehicle > [noun] > tramcar

streetcar1832

road car1834

tram-carriage1868

tramway car1872

tram-car1873

surface car1879

tram1879

car1890

railbus1932

1868 Daily News 22 July Asking the moderate fee of twopence for its entire journey, the tram carriage is like a rough omnibus without cushions turned inside out.

tram-conductor n.

1892 I. Zangwill Big Bow Myst. 4 The tram conductors' bells were..ringing.

tram-driver n.

tram-fare n. transferred

1909 J. R. Ware Passing Eng. Victorian Era 249/2 Tram-fare (London Streets', 1882), twopence.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 664 Debit... Tramfare [£ .s. d.] 0.0.1.

1978 M. de Larrabeiti Rose beyond Thames 87 He bought.. me a second-hand bike so that I could cycle to school and save the tram fare.

tram-horn n.

1922 Blackwood's Mag. Apr. 447/1 The blowing of tram-horns.

tram horse n.

1891 J. L. Kipling Beast & Man in India viii. 206 (caption) Bombay tram-horse wearing horse-cap.

1901 R. Kipling Kim x Truck-loads of tram-horses.

tram-load n.

1904 Daily News 24 May 12 The crowded tram~loads along this flowered highway of the West.

tram-platform n.

1921 T. R. Glover Jesus Exper. Men xiii. 229 Jesus would not have pushed people off a tram-platform.

tram-railway n.

tram-refuge n.

1938 All Eng. Law Rep. 1 339 An illuminated bollard at one end of a tram refuge had been damaged in an accident.

tram ride n.

1919 R. Fry Let. 3 Nov. (1972) II. 465 Marseilles is only one and a half hours tram ride.

1977 Lancashire Life Dec. 57/2 One summer's day he changed the routine and took us a tram ride into the country.

tram-shed n.

tram stop n.

1930 R. Lehmann Note in Music i. 19 They arrived at the tram-stop to find a solid wedge of humanity struggling to get aboard.

1980 P. Harcourt Tomorrow's Treason i. iv. 58 It was a long walk to the nearest tram stop.

tram-ticket n.

tram-top n.

1895 G. B. Shaw Let. 23 Mar. (1965) I. 504 We..went to her sister's..by tramtop.

tram-track n.

1916 J. Joyce Portrait of Artist ii. 70 He heard the mare's hoofs clattering along the tramtrack on the Rock Road.

tram-train n.

1911 R. Fry Let. 15 Apr. (1972) I. 347 A two hours' journey by a tram-train to the slopes of Mt Olympus.

tram-wagon n.

1824 F. Witts Diary 6 May (1978) 38 The tram waggons now may be made to travel without horses by steam.

1855 J. R. Leifchild Cornwall: Mines & Miners 150 That the ore may readily fall down to the level below them, whence it is carried in tram-waggons to the shaft.

tram-wheel n.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 649 Fig. 644 represents a view of a rolley or tram-wheel, calculated to move upon a plate railway.

tram-whistle n.

1883 E. F. Knight Cruise of ‘Falcon’ I. 65 Above the shrill scream of the tram-whistle rises their shriller Babel.

tram-yard n.

1909 London City Mission Mag. Dec. 241/2 A stableman from an adjacent tramyard.

tram-travelling adj.

1894 Daily News 5 May 8/5 Of much advantage to the tram-travelling public of South London.

C2.

tram-bus n. U.S. a vehicle combining the characteristics of a tram-car and omnibus.

ΚΠ

1928 Daily Express 1 Feb. 16 A ‘tram-bus’ which will be introduced shortly in New York.

tram-man n. a man employed on a tramway, esp. a tram-conductor or driver.

ΘΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > [noun] > public transport employees > employee on trams

tram-man1892

trammiec1926

1892 I. Zangwill Big Bow Myst. 4 At an early meeting of discontented tram-men.

tram-rail n. (a) a plate-rail: see plate n. 20; (b) each of the rails of a tramway.

ΘΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun] > each of wheeltracks or rails on

tram1826

tram-rail1839

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun] > laid with rails > for tramcars > rail of

tram-rail1839

tramline1886

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 982 The rails are called tram-rails, or plate-rails.

1900 Westm. Gaz. 5 Sept. 6/2 The tram rails had been watered in order to lessen friction, and accidents to cyclists are of constant occurrence in the same neighbourhood.

Derivatives

ˈtramful n. as much or as many as a tram or tram-car will hold.

1905 Daily News 20 Sept. 6 The coal came up in little tramfuls.

tramifiˈcation n. the construction of a tramway.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun] > construction of

tramification1834

1834 New Monthly Mag. 40 372 The whole object of that tramification is the conveyance of goods—of heavy loads.

ˈtramless adj. (a) without shafts, as a cart (dialect); (b) having no trams or tramway facilities.

ΘΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > [adjective] > having no trams or tramway (of a district)

tramless1850

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > public service vehicle > [adjective] > without tramcars

tramless1850

1850 A. Maclagan Cronie O'Mine in Poems (1851) 174 A tramless cart or a couterless plough.

1904 Daily Chron. 29 Mar. 3/6 Tramless Brixton..the Cars are to be Stopped for Two Months.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	tram
释义	tramn.¹ Forms: Also Middle English tramm(e, ( traimm(e, traum(e), Middle English–1800s trame. Etymology: < French trame, Old French traime, trème, 12th cent. in Godefroy Compl., (as in the late sense 1) woof of a web, also figurative cunning device or contrivance, machination, plot < Latin trāma woof. The literal sense of French and Latin appears in English only in a technical use from modern French in 17th cent.; but the figurative sense of ‘machination’ was adopted already in the 14th cent., and apparently gave rise to sense 3, which does not occur in French, but seems to belong here. I. Senses relating to thread. 1. Woof or weft; spec. silk thread consisting of two or more single strands loosely twisted together; used for the weft or cross threads of the best silk goods. Also tram silk. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > thread or yarn > [noun] > silk > for weaving tram1679 1679 London Gaz. No. 1392/4 6l. of fine black Worsted, some pounds of Raw trame. 1776–83 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies III. 164 The silks of Naples, Sicily and Reggio, whether in organzin or in tram, are all ordinary silks. 1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 185 Tram Silk is considered in London as thrown Silk, but not as organzine thrown Silk. 1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 289 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV Two or three threads of raw silk twisted loosely two or four times to the inch is tram, shute, or woof. 1911 A. Dryden Church Embroidery 91 For working faces ‘tram’ silk should be used. II. Chiefly northern dialect and Scottish. A contrivance. †2. A cunning contrivance or device; a machination, plot, scheme. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > a wile or cunning device wrenchc888 craftOE turnc1225 ginc1275 play?a1300 enginec1300 wrenkc1325 forsetc1330 sleightc1340 knackc1369 cautel138. subtletya1393 wilea1400 tramc1400 wrinkle1402 artc1405 policy?1406 subtilityc1410 subtiltyc1440 jeopardy1487 jouk1513 pawka1522 frask1524 false point?1528 conveyance1534 compass1540 fineness1546 far-fetch?a1562 stratagem1561 finesse1562 entrapping1564 convoyance1578 lift1592 imagine1594 agitation1600 subtleship1614 artifice1620 navation1628 wimple1638 rig1640 lapwing stratagem1676 feint1679 undercraft1691 fly-flap1726 management1736 fakement1811 old tricka1822 fake1829 trickeration1940 swiftie1945 shrewdie1961 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 3 Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wroȝt. 1616 J. Maitland Apol. W. Maitland in Misc. Sc. Hist. Soc. (S.H.S.) 187 That plot and trame to tham~selfs and to manie others. †3. A mechanical contrivance; a machine, an engine; an implement, instrument, tool; in quot. c1400, tackle or gear of a ship. (Chiefly in plural.) ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > [noun] trama1400 ginc1400 pageant1519 engine1581 machination1605 machina1612 machine1659 mechanism1665 contrivance1667 gimcrack1772 plant1925 power1942 a1400–50 Alexander 127 He toke traimmes him with to tute in þe sternes, Astralabus algate as his arte wald, Quadrentis coruen all of qu[h]yte siluyre full quaynte. a1400–50 Alexander 286 Þus as he tuke furth his toylis [= tools] & his trammys schewis. a1400–50 Alexander 1296 Ser Balaan..Buskes him in breneis with big men of armes, With traumes [v.r. trawynns] & with tribochetis þe tild [v.r. towre] to assaile. a1400–50 Alexander 1373 Quen he had tiȝt vp þis tram [v.r. trame (i.e. a siege-tower)] & þis tild rerid. c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 101 Then he tron on þo tres & þay her tramme ruchen. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 245 He gert engynis and trammys [perh. read crammys; 1489 Adv. cranys or tranys; Skeat notes ‘the word is uncertain’] ma. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). tramn.² Brit. /tram/, U.S. /træm/ Etymology: In sense 1, used in Scots c1500, and probably earlier; apparently the same word as Low German traam ‘balk, beam, e.g. of a wheelbarrow or dung-sledge, tram, handle of a barrow or sledge, also a rung or step of a ladder, bar of a chair’ ( Brem. Wbch. 1771), East Frisian trame, trâm beam of wood, rung or step of a ladder, bar of a chair, tram of a wheelbarrow; in Middle Low German trame, treme, Middle Dutch trame balk or beam, rung of a ladder, etc.; West Flemish traam, trame. The specific sense first found in Scotch is ‘the tram of a barrow’. The further sense-development presents many difficulties, chiefly from the scarcity of early examples, and the fact that the various senses are from separate localities, so that they cannot be taken as showing any general development. But branch II, in which tram is a miners' term for the vehicle for carrying coal or ore (in its development from a hand-barrow, or at least a sledge, to a small 4-wheeled iron wagon) may, on the principle of pars pro toto , have arisen out of that of ‘barrow-tram’ in I. Branch III is more difficult, and is the crux of the word. But if it was short for something like ‘tram-track’, it might have arisen out of II; and if it was applied primarily to the wooden beams or ‘rails’ laid as wheel tracks, it might conceivably go back to the Low German sense of ‘balk’ or ‘beam’: evidence is wanting. From II or III used attributively came tram-road (in use in 1800), and the later tram-way (in use in 1825); also tram-carriage and the modern tram-car , known in 1868 and 1873 respectively, and before 1880 shortened in popular English use to tram , branch IV, which thus by a circuitous course ‘harks back’ to a sense akin to branch II. I. A shaft of a barrow or cart. 1. a. Each of the two shafts of a cart or wagon, a hand-barrow, or a wheelbarrow, the ends of which in a barrow form the handles. Scottish.These shafts are prolongations of the strong side-timbers of the frame or body of the structure: in a hand-barrow these are prolonged both ways, to form shafts or trams both before and behind, by which the two bearers carry the barrow; in a wheelbarrow they are prolonged in one direction to form the shafts, or trams, and in the other to form sockets for the axle of the wheel; in a cart they are prolonged in front to form the strong shafts or trams within which the horse walks, while their ends usually form short projections behind. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle pushed or pulled by person > [noun] > wheelbarrow or handcart > shaft of tram?a1513 barrow-tram1568 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > parts of cart or carriage > [noun] > shaft(s) or pole thillc1325 limber1480 sway1535 neap1553 draught-tree1580 wain-beam1589 beam1600 fills1609 spire1609 foreteam?1611 verge1611 shaft1613 rangy1657 pole1683 thrill1688 trill1688 rod1695 range1702 neb1710 sharp1733 tram1766 carriage pole1767 sill1787 tongue1792 nib1808 dissel-boom1822 tongue-tree1829 reach1869 wain-stang1876 a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 237 I wald schou war, bayth syd and back, Weill batteret with an barrou tram. 1545 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 360 Ane pair of sled trammys to be lymmaris to ane of the saiddis falconis [guns]. 1568 Christis Kirk on Grene in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 267 Than followit feymen ry^t on affeird Bet on wi^t barrow trammis. 1657 S. Colvil Mock Poem (1751) 19 His arms were stiff like barrow-trams. 1766 State of Proc., D. Macdonald v. A. Dk. of Gordon Pursuer's Proof 8 Light timber, such as stings and cart trams. 1790 A. Shirrefs Poems 360 Nor is the naig the worse to draw A wee while in the trams. a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 218 Ae auld wheelbarrow, mair for token, Ae leg an' baith the trams are broken. 1830 J. Galt Lawrie Todd II. iv. viii. 68 I..sat down on the tram of the waggon. 1849 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. (new ed.) II. vi. 75 Nearly an hour was..lost, by an accident to one of the trams of the royal carriage. b. transferred. In plural. The two upright posts of a gallows; also humorously, in singular, a man's leg; particularly, a wooden leg. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] > gallows > parts of ladderc1515 yardarm?a1554 tramc1650 drop1796 drop-bolt1890 the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > leg > [noun] shanka900 legc1300 grainsa1400 limbc1400 foot?a1425 stumpa1500 pin?1515 pestlea1529 boughc1550 stamp1567 understander1583 pile1584 supporters1601 walker?1611 trestle1612 fetlock1645 pedestal1695 drumstick1770 gam1785 timber1807 tram1808–18 fork1812 prop1817 nethers1822 forkals1828 understanding1828 stick1830 nether person1835 locomotive1836 nether man1846 underpinning1848 bender1849 Scotch peg1857 Scotch1859 under-pinner1859 stem1860 Coryate's compasses1864 peg1891 wheel1927 shaft1935 the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > prosthesis or spare part > [noun] > leg leg1574 wooden leg1582 stump1679 peg leg1769 timber-toe1785 peg1826 tram1836 jury-leg1850 pylon1919 c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 4 Be order, the hangman brak his suord betuixt the crossis of Abirdein, and betuixt the gallowis-tramis standing thair. 1808–18 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Tram, in a ludicrous sense, the leg or limb; as lang trams, long limbs. 1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge iii. 43 He began to thunder at the low door, with him pillar-like trams. 1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge xi. 185 It must have stumped along for fifty yards on a leg of flesh, and a tram of wood. 1882 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Applied also to a person with long ungainly legs, Clydes. II. A framework, barrow, or the like, on which loads are dragged, carried, or supported. 2. a. Coal Mining. A quadrilateral frame or skeleton truck on which the corves were formerly carried; at first probably carried like a hand-barrow, then dragged like a sledge, afterwards provided with low wheels on which to run; in some colliery districts applied to the small iron truck which supplies the place of the earlier ‘tram’ and corve; in others to the part of the ‘tub’ (on wheels) to which the ‘box’ is bolted. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > mining equipment > [noun] > vehicle for underground haulage or transportation tram1517 wagon1649 rolley1817 buggy1867 barney1874 hod1883 whirley1886 shuttle car1905 manrider1967 scooptram1967 1517 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 293 Item ad puteum [pit] de Hett,..1 restis et 1 cruke de ferro... 2 pykes, 2 trammys, et 2 shulys. 1585 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 112 j long wayne without wheels, ij yron ax-nailes, and ij yokes, 6^s. j cowpe, ij trams, and two ax-trees 2^s. 8^d. 1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 15 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) The Wages for the Barrow-Men is..about twenty Pence, or two and twenty Pence a Day for each Tram (that is to say) for putting so many loaden Corves, as are carried on one Sledge, or Tram in one Day to the Pit-Shaft. 1789 J. Brand Hist. & Antiq. Newcastle II. 681 Trams are a kind of sledges on which the coals are brought from the places where they are hewn to the shaft. A tram has four wheels, but a sledge properly so called is drawn by a horse without wheels. 1797 J. Curr Coal Viewer 9 Placing the corf upon a small frame or tram..and hooking or chaining one tram to another. 1817 J. Farey Gen. View Agric. Derbyshire III. 439 The Trams..have stout lower side pieces of wood which project at each end, and are hooped with iron which just meet together and receive the shock when the Trams overtake each other. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 982 An improvement..is to place the basket or corve on a small four-wheeled carriage, called a tram, or to attach wheels to the corve itself. 1841 J. Holland Hist. & Descr. Fossil Fuel, Collieries, & Coal Trade (ed. 2) 227 The coals..were conveyed..on trams, a narrow framework of wood mounted on four low wheels. 1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 54 Since the substitution of tubs, the trams have been attached to them. 1867 W. W. Smyth Treat. Coal & Coal-mining 149 The northern method was to fill the coals..into a large basket (corve) of wicker..and to drag it on a small carriage, or tram,..to the crane-place on the main road. 1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 257 In South Wales trams constructed wholly of wrought iron or steel are much used... They have a carrying capacity of 25 cwt. 1888 W. E. Nicholson Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Tram, the term still applies to the part of a tub to which the box is bolted. 1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words (at cited word) Trams and tubs are now made in one. b. transferred. The one or two lads in charge of a tram; also, the work performed by these. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > coal-miner > who works with trams, tubs, etc. coal putter1708 foal1770 onsetter1789 putter1812 headsman1813 trapper1815 thruster1825 trammer1839 train boy1852 tram1856 hanger-on1858 tipper1861 hooker-on?1881 jiggerer?1881 hitcher1890 tub-loader1891 haulier1892 tilter1892 unhooker1892 flatter1894 jagger1900 thrutcher1901 tram-boy1904 filler1921 society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > work done by those running tram tram1894 1856 W. Whellan Hist. Durham 94 When a boy ‘puts’ or drags a load by himself he is designated a tram. 1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words (at cited word) Sometimes tram was applied to the two lads in charge of it [sc. the colliery tram]—called a ‘tram of lads’. ‘Half a tram’, the work of one putter where two are engaged on a tram. 3. A quadrilateral frame or bench (like the body of a hand-barrow) supported on four legs or blocks, on which casks or the like stand, or at which an artisan works. ΘΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > work-benches, seats, etc. > [noun] > work-bench workbench?1675 bench1728 tram1807 1807 T. Rudge Gen. View Agric. Gloucester xiii. 290 The cheese-tub is first ‘laid,’ that is, placed on a small ‘tram’ or bench. 1884 R. Lawson Upton-on-Severn Words & Phrases Tram or Tramming, a framework, or a loose arrangement, of stout parallel rails on short legs, or blocks, for supporting casks. 1893 J. Salisbury Gloss. Words S.E. Worcs. Tram, a strong square frame with four legs on which a wheelwright makes wheels; also a stand for casks. III. A track of wood, stone, or iron; a tram-road or tramway. 4. A continuous line or track of timber beams or ‘rails’, or later of stone blocks or slabs, a parallel pair of which lines formed a tramway, originally in or from a mine. Hence, each of the wheel-tracks or ‘rails’ of a tram-road of an early type, or of a later tramway or railway.See also quot. 1825 at sense 5, and tramline n., tram-road n., tramway n. ΘΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun] > each of wheeltracks or rails on tram1826 tram-rail1839 a1734 R. North Life F. North (1742) 136 The Manner of the Carriage [of coals in Northumberland in 1676] is by laying Rails of Timber, from the Colliery, down to the River, exactly streight and parallel; and bulky Carts are made with four Rowlets fitting these Rails; whereby the Carriage is so easy that one Horse will draw four or five Chaldron of Coals, and is an immense Benefit to the Coal Merchants.] 1826 J. Adamson Sketches Information Rail-roads 6 The upper flat part [of a rail on a railway], along which the wheel rolls, we may, from its analogy to the old wooden rails, call the tram of the rail. 1834 N. W. Cundy Inland Transit (ed. 2) 1 The Manchester and Liverpool railroad, in my opinion, is constructed too narrow both in the trams and the space between them. 1838 F. W. Simms Public Wks. Great Brit. iii. 3 He [Mr. Macneill] is laying stone blocks or trams for the wheels to roll upon. 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 187 Tram..One of the rails of a tramroad or railroad. 5. A road laid with such wooden planks or rails, or with parallel rows of stone slabs or of iron plates or ‘rails’, for the easier passage of loaded wagons, etc., in a coal-mine or above ground; a tram-road of an early type.Note. The following quot. for tram is difficult to place. It has the appearance of belonging to sense 5; but its early date is at variance with this. No part of the road in or near the Bridgegate at Barnard Castle is now known as ‘the tram’, nor is there any tradition of the former existence of a tramway of any kind there. On the opposite or Yorkshire side of the Tees, the road running southward from the end of the bridge is protected from the river by a heavy stone wall locally known as ‘the tram wall’; but this does not seem to answer to the words of the will. 1555 Will of Ambrose Middleton in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 37 (note) To the amendinge of the highewaye or tram, from the weste ende of Bridgegait, in Barnard Castle, 20s. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun] tram-road1800 timber-road1803 tramway1825 tram1850 trackway1858 1825 E. Mackenzie Hist. View Northumberland I. 146 Square wooden rails laid in two right parallel lines, and firmly pegged down on wooden sleepers. The tops of the rail are plained smooth and round, and sometimes covered with plates of wrought iron. About the year 1786 cast-iron railways were introduced as an improvement upon the tram or wooden rail-way.] 1850 D. T. Ansted Elem. Course Geol. §1117 The loaded waggons, or corves, are conveyed along the tram by lads called putters. 1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 June 10 Have they not trams in the suburbs of half our Lancashire towns, and is there not a tram on a grand scale for the use of those long ugly Omnibus Americains which ply between Paris and Versailles? IV. Short for tram-car n. or the like. 6. A passenger car on a street tramway; a tram-car. ΘΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > public service vehicle > [noun] > tramcar streetcar1832 road car1834 tram-carriage1868 tramway car1872 tram-car1873 surface car1879 tram1879 car1890 railbus1932 1879 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Tram, a car on a horse-railroad. Eng. 1880 M. Fitzgibbon Trip to Manitoba vii. 71 To see if the trams were coming. 1883 G. H. Boughton in Harper's Mag. Apr. 702/1 It was so easy to pop into the..tram. 1884 Harper's Mag. Sept. 524/1 Taking the tram to Scheveningen. 1887 Punch 12 Mar. 130/2 She is left without a penny to pay for tram or bus. 1902 R. Bagot Donna Diana xiii. 141 The discordant clanging of the gongs of electric trams fall hideously on the ear. 7. An overhead or suspended carrier travelling on a cable. ΘΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle travelling on or by cable > [noun] buggy1867 cable-carriera1884 telpher train1884 cable-car1887 telpher1901 tram1905 flying fox1936 1905 Daily Chron. 23 Sept. 8/1 (Supply of meat at Aldershot) Hoisting gear bears the carcases quickly away for dressing, and when that is done, an overhead carrying line, conveniently referred to as the ‘tram’, conveys them to the cooling room. Compounds C1. General attributive. See also tram-car n., tramline n., etc. a. tram-beam n. (figurative in quot.) Π 1879 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 81 Or to-fro tender trambeams truckle at the eye. tram-bell n. Π 1905 Daily Chron. 14 Sept. 3/1 The incessant clanging of the tram-bell [in Holland]. tram-boy n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > coal-miner > who works with trams, tubs, etc. coal putter1708 foal1770 onsetter1789 putter1812 headsman1813 trapper1815 thruster1825 trammer1839 train boy1852 tram1856 hanger-on1858 tipper1861 hooker-on?1881 jiggerer?1881 hitcher1890 tub-loader1891 haulier1892 tilter1892 unhooker1892 flatter1894 jagger1900 thrutcher1901 tram-boy1904 filler1921 1904 J. Wells Life J. H. Wilson xi. 97 He..established societies for the tram-boys [in collieries]. tram-carriage n. ΘΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > public service vehicle > [noun] > tramcar streetcar1832 road car1834 tram-carriage1868 tramway car1872 tram-car1873 surface car1879 tram1879 car1890 railbus1932 1868 Daily News 22 July Asking the moderate fee of twopence for its entire journey, the tram carriage is like a rough omnibus without cushions turned inside out. tram-conductor n. Π 1892 I. Zangwill Big Bow Myst. 4 The tram conductors' bells were..ringing. tram-driver n. tram-fare n. transferred Π 1909 J. R. Ware Passing Eng. Victorian Era 249/2 Tram-fare (London Streets', 1882), twopence. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 664 Debit... Tramfare [£ .s. d.] 0.0.1. 1978 M. de Larrabeiti Rose beyond Thames 87 He bought.. me a second-hand bike so that I could cycle to school and save the tram fare. tram-horn n. Π 1922 Blackwood's Mag. Apr. 447/1 The blowing of tram-horns. tram horse n. Π 1891 J. L. Kipling Beast & Man in India viii. 206 (caption) Bombay tram-horse wearing horse-cap. 1901 R. Kipling Kim x Truck-loads of tram-horses. tram-load n. Π 1904 Daily News 24 May 12 The crowded tram~loads along this flowered highway of the West. tram-platform n. Π 1921 T. R. Glover Jesus Exper. Men xiii. 229 Jesus would not have pushed people off a tram-platform. tram-railway n. tram-refuge n. Π 1938 All Eng. Law Rep. 1 339 An illuminated bollard at one end of a tram refuge had been damaged in an accident. tram ride n. Π 1919 R. Fry Let. 3 Nov. (1972) II. 465 Marseilles is only one and a half hours tram ride. 1977 Lancashire Life Dec. 57/2 One summer's day he changed the routine and took us a tram ride into the country. tram-shed n. tram stop n. Π 1930 R. Lehmann Note in Music i. 19 They arrived at the tram-stop to find a solid wedge of humanity struggling to get aboard. 1980 P. Harcourt Tomorrow's Treason i. iv. 58 It was a long walk to the nearest tram stop. tram-ticket n. tram-top n. Π 1895 G. B. Shaw Let. 23 Mar. (1965) I. 504 We..went to her sister's..by tramtop. tram-track n. Π 1916 J. Joyce Portrait of Artist ii. 70 He heard the mare's hoofs clattering along the tramtrack on the Rock Road. tram-train n. Π 1911 R. Fry Let. 15 Apr. (1972) I. 347 A two hours' journey by a tram-train to the slopes of Mt Olympus. tram-wagon n. Π 1824 F. Witts Diary 6 May (1978) 38 The tram waggons now may be made to travel without horses by steam. 1855 J. R. Leifchild Cornwall: Mines & Miners 150 That the ore may readily fall down to the level below them, whence it is carried in tram-waggons to the shaft. tram-wheel n. Π 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 649 Fig. 644 represents a view of a rolley or tram-wheel, calculated to move upon a plate railway. tram-whistle n. Π 1883 E. F. Knight Cruise of ‘Falcon’ I. 65 Above the shrill scream of the tram-whistle rises their shriller Babel. tram-yard n. Π 1909 London City Mission Mag. Dec. 241/2 A stableman from an adjacent tramyard. b. tram-travelling adj. Π 1894 Daily News 5 May 8/5 Of much advantage to the tram-travelling public of South London. C2. tram-bus n. U.S. a vehicle combining the characteristics of a tram-car and omnibus. ΚΠ 1928 Daily Express 1 Feb. 16 A ‘tram-bus’ which will be introduced shortly in New York. tram-man n. a man employed on a tramway, esp. a tram-conductor or driver. ΘΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > [noun] > public transport employees > employee on trams tram-man1892 trammiec1926 1892 I. Zangwill Big Bow Myst. 4 At an early meeting of discontented tram-men. tram-rail n. (a) a plate-rail: see plate n. 20; (b) each of the rails of a tramway. ΘΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun] > each of wheeltracks or rails on tram1826 tram-rail1839 society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun] > laid with rails > for tramcars > rail of tram-rail1839 tramline1886 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 982 The rails are called tram-rails, or plate-rails. 1900 Westm. Gaz. 5 Sept. 6/2 The tram rails had been watered in order to lessen friction, and accidents to cyclists are of constant occurrence in the same neighbourhood. Derivatives ˈtramful n. as much or as many as a tram or tram-car will hold. Π 1905 Daily News 20 Sept. 6 The coal came up in little tramfuls. tramifiˈcation n. the construction of a tramway.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun] > construction of tramification1834 1834 New Monthly Mag. 40 372 The whole object of that tramification is the conveyance of goods—of heavy loads. ˈtramless adj. (a) without shafts, as a cart (dialect); (b) having no trams or tramway facilities. ΘΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > [adjective] > having no trams or tramway (of a district) tramless1850 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > public service vehicle > [adjective] > without tramcars tramless1850 1850 A. Maclagan Cronie O'Mine in Poems (1851) 174 A tramless cart or a couterless plough. 1904 Daily Chron. 29 Mar. 3/6 Tramless Brixton..the Cars are to be Stopped for Two Months. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022). tramn.³ Etymology: Short for trammel n.¹ Mechanics. 1. An instrument for describing ellipses; = trammel n.¹ 4. ΚΠ 1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 2. The condition of correct adjustment of one part to another (obtained by using the tram-staff n. at Compounds); used in the phrases in tram, out of tram. Originally used in reference to the adjustment of millstones, thence extended to other mechanical adjustments. ΚΠ 1891 in Cent. Dict. ; and in later Dicts. Compounds tram-pot n. the step in which the toe of a millstone spindle revolves. ΚΠ a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 901/1 Trampot (Milling), the seat in which the foot of the spindle is stepped. Categories » tram-staff n. a straight-edge used by millwrights in adjusting the millstone spindle ( Cent. Dict. 1891). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022). tramv.¹ Brit. /tram/, U.S. /træm/ Etymology: < tram n.² 1. intransitive. To travel by a tramway or on a tram-car (also to tram it). colloquial. Also (U.S.), to drive or operate a tram-car ( Cent. Dict. 1891). ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > travel on (public vehicle) [verb (intransitive)] > travel by tramcar tram1826 tramway1871 1826 in Northumbld. Gloss. (at cited word) Liddell, why he from Durham came,..But home again he'd better tram. 1896 Westm. Gaz. 9 Apr. 7/2 The Walworthian has to tram to Greenwich. 1904 E. Nesbit Phoenix & Carpet x They can tram it home. 2. a. transitive. Mining. To convey (coal, ore, etc.) by a tram or trams. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > convey (coal) put1708 tram1874 1874 J. H. Collins Princ. Metal Mining (1875) i. 11 One sees..the ore and rubbish allowed to accumulate behind the men to a height of several feet before it is trammed back to the shaft. 1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 8 Tramming. 1889 Eng. Illustr. Mag. May 572/2 To ‘tram’ the coal from the working face..to the sidings where the horses take the waggons. 1893 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 Jan. 1/3 In the level below..only one man was saved, who had been tramming to the shaft the ore which he excavated on previous days. b. To push (a tram or wagon) to and from the shaft in a mine. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > other (coal-)mining procedures underbeit1670 buck1683 bank1705 bunding1747 urge1758 slappet1811 tamp1819 jowl1825 stack1832 sprag1841 hurry1847 bottom1851 salt1852 pipe1861 mill1868 tram1883 stope1886 sump1910 crow-pick1920 stockpile1921 spec1981 1883 Le Neve Foster in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 455/2 [article Mining] This trolley (which is merely a small platform upon wheels) is pushed (trammed) to the shaft; the full kibble is hooked on to the winding-rope and drawn up, whilst an empty kibble is placed upon the trolley and trammed back along the level..where it is again loaded. 1883 Le Neve Foster in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 455/2 [article Mining] The motive power for tramming wagons along the levels of metal mines is generally supplied by men or boys. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). tramv.² Etymology: < tram n.³ transitive and intransitive. To use a tram or tram-staff in adjusting spindles or axles, or in measuring, aligning, or the like.In later dictionaries. ΚΠ 1891 in Cent. Dict. [implied in tramming.] This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.¹a1400n.²?a1513n.³a1884v.¹1826v.²1891
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tramn.1

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tramn.3

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tramv.1

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tramn.¹

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tramn.³

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tramv.²