broadenv.

Brit.

/ˈbrɔːdn/, U.S.

/ˈbrɔd(ə)n/,

/ˈbrɑd(ə)n/

Forms: 1600s– broaden, 1700s– broadning (present participle, now nonstandard).

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: broad adj.¹, -en suffix⁵.

Etymology: < broad adj.¹ + -en suffix⁵. Compare earlier broad v. and brede v.² Compare also earlier widen v.

a. intransitive. To become broad or broader; to become wider in distance from side to side; to increase in breadth. Also with out.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > breadth or width > become broad or wide [verb (intransitive)]

widen1572

breadthen1717

broaden1727

flange1820

1684 [implied in: S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Pharmaceutice Rationalis in Pract. Physick (rev. ed.) ii. i. 16 A great expansion (or broadning) of the animal Spirits that possess or inhabit those fibres. (at broadening n.)].

1686 F. Spence tr. G. de Courtilz de Sandras Hist. Viscount de Turenne 387 The way was fac'd with hedges and Vineyards, and broaden'd [Fr. s'élargissoit] gradually as you grew near.

1727 J. Thomson Summer 74 Low walks the Sun, and broadens by degrees, Just o'er the Verge of Day.

1789 J. White Earl Strongbow II. xvi. 141 Otho was moved to merriment, and..his long visage broadened by degrees into a grin.

1867 Louisville (Kentucky) Daily Courier 21 Aug. Soon the river broadens and far in the distance..spreads out the blue waters of Lake Huron.

1888 Mrs. H. Ward Robert Elsmere I. i. iii. 79 Her round comfortable face brightened and broadened out into a beaming smile.

1952 P. Mann Systematics Flowering Plants ii. 123 In Grass Vetchling the lamina does not develop, while the petiole has broadened to form a leaf-like structure.

2019 K. Hudson Lowborn ix. 65 My walk changed. I felt it. Like I was growing. My shoulders broadening, steps lengthening, my chin slightly raised in challenge.

b. transitive. To make broad or broader; to make wider in distance from side to side; to increase the breadth of. Also reflexive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)]

broada1250

room?1316

enlargec1380

largea1382

magnifya1382

alargec1384

spreada1387

amplify1432

brede1440

expanse1477

ampliatea1513

dilate1528

propagate1548

widen1566

explicate1578

expatiate1603

diduce1605

engross?1611

dilatate1613

biggen1643

promote1652

intend1658

expand1665

to run out1683

amplificate1731

broaden1744

outstretcha1758

largen1869

big1884

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > breadth or width > make broad or wide [verb (transitive)]

wideOE

brede1440

widen1566

broaden1861

1744 [implied in: J. Thomson Winter in Seasons (new ed.) 198 With broaden'd Nostrils to the Sky upturn'd, The conscious Heifer snuffs the stormy Gale. (at broadened adj.)].

1780 Gazetteer & New Daily Advertiser 19 Feb. At other times, instead of lengthening, they take a fancy to dilate and broaden themselves by spacious hoops and expanding draperies.

1801 J. Bell Princ. Surg. II. 545 Broadening the basis still more by prolonging the axle, and removing the wheels to (1 m) still further from the centre the carriage would be still more steady.

1861 A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedral of 19th Cent. vi. 214 For this object the nave should be proportionably broadened.

1920 R. J. Beedham Wood Engraving 3 The cut can be easily broadened by gradually pressing the point deeper into the wood.

2010 Asian Woman No. 43. 107/1 Cap sleeves will add structure and broaden your shoulders, balancing your overall frame.

a. transitive. To make (esp. something immaterial or abstract) more inclusive or wide-ranging; to make more general in effect, application, influence, etc. Later also spec.: to increase (a person's experience, knowledge, etc.); to expand or develop (one's mind or outlook) in this way; to make more open or receptive to new ideas or perspectives. Also with out.

ΘΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (transitive)] > increase scope

stretchc1430

eslargea1450

eslargish1484

widen1574

extend1584

enlarge1594

1776 To Chief Jailor Tolbooth Edinb. 5 The Public, from this first appearance in politics may understand the meaning of your Favourite Phrase ‘Broadning the bottom of the city government’.

1792 W. Roberts Looker-on No. 23. 179 A constitution..so broadened by experience to the compass of our wants, and the demands of our nature.

1867 Stirling Observer 31 Oct. 2/2 All those whose knowledge is broadened and whose faculties are strengthened and exalted by intellectual labour.

1871 J. S. Blackie Four Phases Morals i. 74 To broaden his conception of morality and religion.

1900 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 6 Nov. 3/1 (advt.) Thus travel broadens the mind.

1917 A. Cahan Rise of David Levinsky (1993) xi. viii. 391 Then, too, life in New York had Americanized my fellow-townspeople, modernized their tastes, broadened them out.

1974 Lesbian Tide Nov.–Dec. 5/1 We must broaden the definition of ‘political’.

2004 Church Times 8 Oct. 20/5 Those teaching..must be..entrepreneurial in broadening the scope and appeal of religious subjects offered.

2019 C. Carty-Williams Queenie (2020) viii. 143 I need to broaden my horizons.

b. intransitive. To become more inclusive, wide-ranging, or general in effect, application, influence, etc.; spec. (of the mind or outlook) to expand or develop in this way, to become more open or receptive to new ideas or perspectives. Also with out.

1825 R. Mudie Babylon the Great I. v. 83 As his offices rise and broaden in majesty like those of ‘Dalhousie, the great god of war’, so they soften into a like soft cadence at the close.

1855 Graham's Mag. Dec. 538 As the mind broadens and matures, we learn to appreciate things and relations, and to find a greater pleasure in working with nature.

1894 B. Harraden In Varying Moods vii The narrow, dull, everyday existence broadened out into many interesting possibilities.

1909 Daily Chron. 29 Nov. 4/5 ‘Privilege’, of which we are hearing so much in connection with the crisis, is a word that has both broadened and narrowed in English use.

1958 J. Estoril Drina's Dancing Year (1989) ii. 150 A great deal that she heard in the theatre Drina did not fully understand, but her outlook was broadening every day.

1991 K. Laybourn Brit. Trade Unionism Introd. 1 By the mid- and late nineteenth century, unions had widened their base..and their membership broadened out to include many of the unskilled.

2017 New Yorker 4 Dec. 72/3 The lament soon broadens to encompass the department itself.

3. intransitive. Of light: to grow in brightness, esp. towards the full light of day; (of a day, morning, night, etc.) to grow lighter as the fully light part of the day approaches. Cf. broad adj.¹ 5b.

1822 [implied in: M. Roberts Royal Exile II. ix. 177 The sun-beams..spreading far their broadening light, Display'd the drear, appalling sight.].

1832 Calcutta Mag. Apr. 236 See, the day light broadens, let us go to the quay and see the new cargo from Cadiz.

1883 Century May 139/2 The night broadened into day, and other days and nights followed.

1929 J. Buchan Courts of Morning ii. i. 155 The tropic dawn broadened fast, though the sun did not show himself.

1985 N. Freeling City Solitary (1986) ii. i. 113 His eyes took in dawn, broadening to daylight.

2020 A. Perry Question of Betrayal viii. 99 Elena took picture after picture as the light broadened and the pastel colors became deeper.

4. intransitive. Of a vowel sound: to become longer or more open. Of a person's speech, accent, etc.: to show more dialectal features; to develop a more regional pronunciation or character. Also transitive, with vowel, accent, etc., as object. Cf. broad adj.¹ 9a.

1844 A. J. Ellis Alphabet of Nature v. 53 in Phonotypic Jrnl. 3 From ī to ō..the vowels broaden, while from ō to û..they gradually become thinner.

1857 D. M. M. Craik Nothing New II. 206 ‘Get out of the shop. I'll follow 'ee. I bean't afeard.’ That broad accent—broadening as she got angry—those abrupt awkward gestures!

1875 Notes & Queries 4 Sept. 189 [This native Irishman] often sounds the ‘b’ at the beginning of a word like ‘v’ or ‘f’, and broadens the vowel ‘u’, occurring in the middle of one, into a guttural ‘ow’ or ‘ough’.

1951 Daily Mail 17 Sept. 3/6 Leslie Mitchell, the British announcer, even broadened his vowels to be comprehensible in Arkansas and Pennsylvania.

1999 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 4 July 16 Her accent broadens as she warms to her story.

2019 G. Lindsey Eng. after RP xi. 42 But in many cases it's hard to say why some words broadened, like chant and sample, while others didn't, like pant and trample.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022).

单词	broaden
释义	broadenv. Brit. /ˈbrɔːdn/, U.S. /ˈbrɔd(ə)n/, /ˈbrɑd(ə)n/ Forms: 1600s– broaden, 1700s– broadning (present participle, now nonstandard). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: broad adj.¹, -en suffix⁵. Etymology: < broad adj.¹ + -en suffix⁵. Compare earlier broad v. and brede v.² Compare also earlier widen v. 1. a. intransitive. To become broad or broader; to become wider in distance from side to side; to increase in breadth. Also with out. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > breadth or width > become broad or wide [verb (intransitive)] widen1572 breadthen1717 broaden1727 flange1820 1684 [implied in: S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Pharmaceutice Rationalis in Pract. Physick (rev. ed.) ii. i. 16 A great expansion (or broadning) of the animal Spirits that possess or inhabit those fibres. (at broadening n.)]. 1686 F. Spence tr. G. de Courtilz de Sandras Hist. Viscount de Turenne 387 The way was fac'd with hedges and Vineyards, and broaden'd [Fr. s'élargissoit] gradually as you grew near. 1727 J. Thomson Summer 74 Low walks the Sun, and broadens by degrees, Just o'er the Verge of Day. 1789 J. White Earl Strongbow II. xvi. 141 Otho was moved to merriment, and..his long visage broadened by degrees into a grin. 1867 Louisville (Kentucky) Daily Courier 21 Aug. Soon the river broadens and far in the distance..spreads out the blue waters of Lake Huron. 1888 Mrs. H. Ward Robert Elsmere I. i. iii. 79 Her round comfortable face brightened and broadened out into a beaming smile. 1952 P. Mann Systematics Flowering Plants ii. 123 In Grass Vetchling the lamina does not develop, while the petiole has broadened to form a leaf-like structure. 2019 K. Hudson Lowborn ix. 65 My walk changed. I felt it. Like I was growing. My shoulders broadening, steps lengthening, my chin slightly raised in challenge. b. transitive. To make broad or broader; to make wider in distance from side to side; to increase the breadth of. Also reflexive. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)] broada1250 room?1316 enlargec1380 largea1382 magnifya1382 alargec1384 spreada1387 amplify1432 brede1440 expanse1477 ampliatea1513 dilate1528 propagate1548 widen1566 explicate1578 expatiate1603 diduce1605 engross?1611 dilatate1613 biggen1643 promote1652 intend1658 expand1665 to run out1683 amplificate1731 broaden1744 outstretcha1758 largen1869 big1884 the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > breadth or width > make broad or wide [verb (transitive)] wideOE brede1440 widen1566 broaden1861 1744 [implied in: J. Thomson Winter in Seasons (new ed.) 198 With broaden'd Nostrils to the Sky upturn'd, The conscious Heifer snuffs the stormy Gale. (at broadened adj.)]. 1780 Gazetteer & New Daily Advertiser 19 Feb. At other times, instead of lengthening, they take a fancy to dilate and broaden themselves by spacious hoops and expanding draperies. 1801 J. Bell Princ. Surg. II. 545 Broadening the basis still more by prolonging the axle, and removing the wheels to (1 m) still further from the centre the carriage would be still more steady. 1861 A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedral of 19th Cent. vi. 214 For this object the nave should be proportionably broadened. 1920 R. J. Beedham Wood Engraving 3 The cut can be easily broadened by gradually pressing the point deeper into the wood. 2010 Asian Woman No. 43. 107/1 Cap sleeves will add structure and broaden your shoulders, balancing your overall frame. 2. a. transitive. To make (esp. something immaterial or abstract) more inclusive or wide-ranging; to make more general in effect, application, influence, etc. Later also spec.: to increase (a person's experience, knowledge, etc.); to expand or develop (one's mind or outlook) in this way; to make more open or receptive to new ideas or perspectives. Also with out. ΘΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (transitive)] > increase scope stretchc1430 eslargea1450 eslargish1484 widen1574 extend1584 enlarge1594 1776 To Chief Jailor Tolbooth Edinb. 5 The Public, from this first appearance in politics may understand the meaning of your Favourite Phrase ‘Broadning the bottom of the city government’. 1792 W. Roberts Looker-on No. 23. 179 A constitution..so broadened by experience to the compass of our wants, and the demands of our nature. 1867 Stirling Observer 31 Oct. 2/2 All those whose knowledge is broadened and whose faculties are strengthened and exalted by intellectual labour. 1871 J. S. Blackie Four Phases Morals i. 74 To broaden his conception of morality and religion. 1900 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 6 Nov. 3/1 (advt.) Thus travel broadens the mind. 1917 A. Cahan Rise of David Levinsky (1993) xi. viii. 391 Then, too, life in New York had Americanized my fellow-townspeople, modernized their tastes, broadened them out. 1974 Lesbian Tide Nov.–Dec. 5/1 We must broaden the definition of ‘political’. 2004 Church Times 8 Oct. 20/5 Those teaching..must be..entrepreneurial in broadening the scope and appeal of religious subjects offered. 2019 C. Carty-Williams Queenie (2020) viii. 143 I need to broaden my horizons. b. intransitive. To become more inclusive, wide-ranging, or general in effect, application, influence, etc.; spec. (of the mind or outlook) to expand or develop in this way, to become more open or receptive to new ideas or perspectives. Also with out. Π 1825 R. Mudie Babylon the Great I. v. 83 As his offices rise and broaden in majesty like those of ‘Dalhousie, the great god of war’, so they soften into a like soft cadence at the close. 1855 Graham's Mag. Dec. 538 As the mind broadens and matures, we learn to appreciate things and relations, and to find a greater pleasure in working with nature. 1894 B. Harraden In Varying Moods vii The narrow, dull, everyday existence broadened out into many interesting possibilities. 1909 Daily Chron. 29 Nov. 4/5 ‘Privilege’, of which we are hearing so much in connection with the crisis, is a word that has both broadened and narrowed in English use. 1958 J. Estoril Drina's Dancing Year (1989) ii. 150 A great deal that she heard in the theatre Drina did not fully understand, but her outlook was broadening every day. 1991 K. Laybourn Brit. Trade Unionism Introd. 1 By the mid- and late nineteenth century, unions had widened their base..and their membership broadened out to include many of the unskilled. 2017 New Yorker 4 Dec. 72/3 The lament soon broadens to encompass the department itself. 3. intransitive. Of light: to grow in brightness, esp. towards the full light of day; (of a day, morning, night, etc.) to grow lighter as the fully light part of the day approaches. Cf. broad adj.¹ 5b. Π 1822 [implied in: M. Roberts Royal Exile II. ix. 177 The sun-beams..spreading far their broadening light, Display'd the drear, appalling sight.]. 1832 Calcutta Mag. Apr. 236 See, the day light broadens, let us go to the quay and see the new cargo from Cadiz. 1883 Century May 139/2 The night broadened into day, and other days and nights followed. 1929 J. Buchan Courts of Morning ii. i. 155 The tropic dawn broadened fast, though the sun did not show himself. 1985 N. Freeling City Solitary (1986) ii. i. 113 His eyes took in dawn, broadening to daylight. 2020 A. Perry Question of Betrayal viii. 99 Elena took picture after picture as the light broadened and the pastel colors became deeper. 4. intransitive. Of a vowel sound: to become longer or more open. Of a person's speech, accent, etc.: to show more dialectal features; to develop a more regional pronunciation or character. Also transitive, with vowel, accent, etc., as object. Cf. broad adj.¹ 9a. Π 1844 A. J. Ellis Alphabet of Nature v. 53 in Phonotypic Jrnl. 3 From ī to ō..the vowels broaden, while from ō to û..they gradually become thinner. 1857 D. M. M. Craik Nothing New II. 206 ‘Get out of the shop. I'll follow 'ee. I bean't afeard.’ That broad accent—broadening as she got angry—those abrupt awkward gestures! 1875 Notes & Queries 4 Sept. 189 [This native Irishman] often sounds the ‘b’ at the beginning of a word like ‘v’ or ‘f’, and broadens the vowel ‘u’, occurring in the middle of one, into a guttural ‘ow’ or ‘ough’. 1951 Daily Mail 17 Sept. 3/6 Leslie Mitchell, the British announcer, even broadened his vowels to be comprehensible in Arkansas and Pennsylvania. 1999 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 4 July 16 Her accent broadens as she warms to her story. 2019 G. Lindsey Eng. after RP xi. 42 But in many cases it's hard to say why some words broadened, like chant and sample, while others didn't, like pant and trample. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022). < v.1684
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