tramontaneadj.n.

/trəˈmɒntən/

/tramɒnˈteɪn/

Forms: Middle English tramountayne, 1600s tramountain, tramontan, (1500s–1700s tramontain, 1800s tramontaine), 1500s– tramontane; also in Italian forms, 1600s–1800s tramontana, 1500s–1700s (plural) tramontani; Lat. plural 1600s tramontanæ. See also transmontane adj.

Etymology: < Italian tramontana north wind, pole-star, tramontani ‘those folkes that dwell beyond the mountaines’ Florio (= Spanish tramontana, Portuguese tramontana north wind, sunset), whence also French tramontane north wind, pole-star, Old French tramontan(e noun and adjective (13th cent.) north wind, tresmontaine pole-star < Latin transmontānus beyond the mountains, < trans across, beyond + mōns, mont-em mountain: compare montānus of or belonging to mountains.

A. adj.

a. Dwelling or situated beyond, or pertaining to the far side of, the mountains (originally and in reference to Italy, the Alps; in quots. 1806, 1840, referring to other mountains); hence, foreign; in quot. a1680 = occupied by a non-Italian.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad

althedyOE

strange1297

foreigna1393

outward1427

extern1543

abroad1559

external1587

stranger1593

tramontane1596

oversea1645

transmontane1727

trans-oceanic1827

overseas1892

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad > of or relating to a foreign land

un-i-cundeeOE

althedisheOE

althedyOE

elelendisha1000

fremda1000

outlandishOE

strange1297

outenc1300

unkindc1300

outlandsc1330

foreign?1435

outland1488

peregrine1532

uncouth1533

forinsecal1539

exterior1540

extern1543

unnative1568

uplandish1586

external1587

tramontane1596

exotical1601

estranged1614

undenizened1635

extra-marine1639

outlanding1643

ultramarine1656

transmontane1727

forinsec service1728

foreigneering1806

trans-oceanic1827

vilayati1843

alienized1860

oversea1881

overwater1889

overseas1892

furrin1895

non-native1932

1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. O2 Were their stuffe by ten millions more Tramontani or Transalpine barbarous than balletry, he would haue prest it vpon Wolfe.

a1680 J. Bargrave Pope Alexander VII (1867) i. xxiv. 50 The Italians have ever since taken care that St. Peter's chair shall never be a tramontan chair again.

a1693 Disc. Tenures in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) I. 73 Tramontane, as well as Ultramontane Civilians will deem it otherwise.

1710 Tatler No. 222 As for our Tramontain Lovers..A Man might as well serenade in Greenland as in our Region.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xxxi. 245 The rustic, or even savage, aspect of those Tramontane warriors, often disguised a simple and merciful disposition.

1806 W. Scott Let. 3 Mar. (1932) I. 281 To undertake your expedition to the tramontane region of Reged this season.

1820 Edinb. Rev. 34 185 (note) The clock in the clock-house built at Westminster in 1288..is usually considered as the earliest recorded instance of a Tramontane clock.

1840 Blackwood's Mag. 47 245 Our empire in India had waxed so powerful as to attract the envy of the Asiatic tramontane nations.

1884 J. S. Brewer Reign Henry VIII I. ix. 279 A tramontane ecclesiastic.

b. With the connotation ‘uncouth, unpolished, barbarous’. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [adjective]

untheweda1325

unbenec1400

incondite1539

undight1555

ungentle1565

impolished1583

transalpinea1592

impolited1598

uncourtly1598

tartarous1602

impolite1612

unelevated1627

unfashioned1630

unbrushed1640

unhewed1644

hirsute1658

unhewn1659

inelegant1667

sordid1668

ingenteel1694

barbarous1700

ungracefula1732

tramontane1740

uninformed1754

clumsy1758

heavy1817

uncharmed1818

nettle-rough1850

blowzy1851

mal élevé1878

inexquisite1922

pseudo-sophisticated1925

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > lack of civilization > [adjective]

wilda1300

bestiala1398

wilderna1400

savagine?a1439

barbaric1490

rudea1530

barbar1535

barbarous1538

pagan1550

uncivil1553

Scythical1559

raw?1573

savaged1583

incivil1586

savage1589

barbarian1591

uncivilized1607

negerous1609

mountainous1613

ruvid1632

ruvidous1632

barbarious1633

incivilizeda1645

alabandical1656

inhumanea1680

tramontane1740

semi-barbarous1798

irreclaimed1814

semi-savage1833

semiferine1854

warrigal1855

sloven1856

semi-barbaric1864

pre-civilized1876

wild and woolly1884

jungle1908

medieval1917

jungli1920

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > unrefined

boistousc1300

untheweda1325

uplandisha1387

unaffiled1390

rudea1393

knavishc1405

peoplisha1425

clubbedc1440

blunt1477

lob?1507

robust1511

borel1513

carterly1519

clubbish1530

rough?1531

rustical?1532

incondite1539

agrestc1550

rusticc1550

brute1555

lobcocka1556

loutisha1556

carterlike1561

boorish1562

ruggedc1565

lobbish1567

loutlike1567

sowish1570

clownish1581

unrefined1582

impolished1583

homespun1590

transalpinea1592

swaddish1593

unpolished1594

untutored1595

swabberly1596

tartarous1602

porterly1603

lobcocked1606

lob-like1606

cluster-fisted1611

agrestic1617

inurbane1623

unelevated1627

incult1628

unbrushed1640

vulgar1643

unhewed1644

unsmooth1648

hirsute1658

loutardly1658

unhewn1659

roughsome?c1660

sordid1668

inhumanea1680

coarse1699

brutal1709

ramgunshoch1721

tramontane1740

uncouth1740

no-nationa1756

unurbane1760

turnipy1792

rudas1802

common1804

cubbish1819

clodhopping1828

vulgarian1833

cloddish1844

unkempt1846

bush1851

vulgarish1860

rodney1866

crude1876

ignorant1886

yobby1910

nekulturny1932

oikish1959

yobbish1966

ocker1972

down and dirty1977

1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber ix. 185 This I have mention'd to shew not only our Tramontane Taste, but that [etc.].

1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 533 Virtue is so scarce, That to suppose a scene where she presides Is tramontane, and stumbles all belief.

1796 C. Smith Marchmont IV. 115 I..for a man of fashion had strange tramontane ideas.

1832 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 31 101 I beg..if these can be your real sentiments, that you will keep them as private as possible. They are totally tramontane in this part of the world.

2. Of the wind: Coming across or from beyond the mountains; spec. in reference to Italy, Blowing from beyond the Alps: cf. B. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > from specific region

etesian1601

tramontane1705

Slavonian1812

1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 27 That Side of the Church..which faces the Tramontane Wind.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature IV. 236 Where no tramontane blasts could come from masses of snow.

1869 Daily News 10 Dec. I..was exposed to a tramontane wind as bitter as an oration of Mr. Roebuck, in his most sarcastic mood.

1877 A. J. Ross Mem. A. Ewing vi. 63 A fierce tramontane wind usually blowing.

B. n.

†1. The north pole-star: originally so called in Italy and Provence, because visible beyond the Alps: cf. Italian tramontana (Florio 1598), Old French tresmontaine (c1295 in Godefroy). Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > star > kind of star > giant > [noun] > supergiant > Pole star

North Stara1387

polea1398

shipman-star1398

pole arcticc1400

tramontanec1400

transmontane starc1400

pommel1503

sail-star?c1510

Pole Star1555

star?1555

Arctic Pole1565

polar star1578

northern star1590

cynosure1596

Polaris1675

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 211 I schal telde vp my trone in þe tramountayne.

1604 C. Edmondes Observ. Cæsars Comm. II. vi. xiiii. 40 Directions, both from the loadstone of reason, and tramontane of experience to shape an easie and successfull course.

1633 W. Drummond Poems (1656) 166 The Tramontane which thy faire course directs, Thy Counsels shall approve by their effects.

2. In the Mediterranean and esp. in Italy, The north wind, as coming from beyond the Alps; hence generally, a cold wind from a mountain range. (Now usually in Italian form tramontana.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction > winds from specific compass points > north

north windeOE

aquilonc1374

northa1382

Boreas1398

breeze1589

tramontane1615

galern1693

northern1777

norther1827

northerly1895

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey i. 38 The boysterous Tramontana..here [i.e. at Constantinople] most violently rages.

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1776) 316 [Florence and Rome] exposed to the nipping Tramontans (for so they call the Northern winds).

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Tramontane.., the North Wind.

1773 P. Brydone Tour Sicily & Malta I. ii. 17 This morning..we have got a fine brisk tramontane (or North wind).

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 292 The deadening sirrocco wind, which is immediately succeeded by a tramontana, the bise.

1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 21 Mar. 11/2 An excessively cold tramontana is blowing.

3. One who dwells beyond the mountains: originally applied in Italy to foreigners beyond the Alps; also by these nations to the Italians; hence, a stranger, a foreigner; an outsider, barbarian.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider > from another country

outlandishOE

WelshmanlOE

outlandish manc1300

foreign?a1400

strangerc1460

foreigner1483

outborna1557

tramontane1593

transmarine1596

outlander1598

outlandisher1599

exotic1651

Outalian1668

furriner1849

Dutchman1857

Uitlander1892

Johnny Foreigner1899

non-patrial1971

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 62 Let not the Italians call you dul-headed Tramontani.

1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 97 Our Holy Father the Pope likes no Tramontanes [= French] in Italie.

1636 P. Massinger Great Duke of Florence ii. ii. sig. D3^v A happinesse Those Tramontaines ne're tasted.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State iv. iii. 251 Yet was it a great labour for a Tramountain to climb over the Alps to S. Peters Chair.

1703 R. Steele Tender Husband Epil. Till then forgive your Writers, that can't bear You shou'd such very Tramontanes appear.

1733 H. Fielding Miser (London ed.) ii. iii. 20 Oh! Child, you are quite a Tramontane: I must bring you to like dear Spadille.

1811 L.-M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude II. xxvi. 52 See that horrible tramontane Major Brag who dined here to-day.

1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity VI. xiii. ix. 181 The subtle Italians found themselves circumvented by the steady aggression of the Tramontanes.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	tramontane
释义	tramontaneadj.n. /trəˈmɒntən//tramɒnˈteɪn/ Forms: Middle English tramountayne, 1600s tramountain, tramontan, (1500s–1700s tramontain, 1800s tramontaine), 1500s– tramontane; also in Italian forms, 1600s–1800s tramontana, 1500s–1700s (plural) tramontani; Lat. plural 1600s tramontanæ. See also transmontane adj. Etymology: < Italian tramontana north wind, pole-star, tramontani ‘those folkes that dwell beyond the mountaines’ Florio (= Spanish tramontana, Portuguese tramontana north wind, sunset), whence also French tramontane north wind, pole-star, Old French tramontan(e noun and adjective (13th cent.) north wind, tresmontaine pole-star < Latin transmontānus beyond the mountains, < trans across, beyond + mōns, mont-em mountain: compare montānus of or belonging to mountains. A. adj. 1. a. Dwelling or situated beyond, or pertaining to the far side of, the mountains (originally and in reference to Italy, the Alps; in quots. 1806, 1840, referring to other mountains); hence, foreign; in quot. a1680 = occupied by a non-Italian. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad althedyOE strange1297 foreigna1393 outward1427 extern1543 abroad1559 external1587 stranger1593 tramontane1596 oversea1645 transmontane1727 trans-oceanic1827 overseas1892 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad > of or relating to a foreign land un-i-cundeeOE althedisheOE althedyOE elelendisha1000 fremda1000 outlandishOE strange1297 outenc1300 unkindc1300 outlandsc1330 foreign?1435 outland1488 peregrine1532 uncouth1533 forinsecal1539 exterior1540 extern1543 unnative1568 uplandish1586 external1587 tramontane1596 exotical1601 estranged1614 undenizened1635 extra-marine1639 outlanding1643 ultramarine1656 transmontane1727 forinsec service1728 foreigneering1806 trans-oceanic1827 vilayati1843 alienized1860 oversea1881 overwater1889 overseas1892 furrin1895 non-native1932 1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. O2 Were their stuffe by ten millions more Tramontani or Transalpine barbarous than balletry, he would haue prest it vpon Wolfe. a1680 J. Bargrave Pope Alexander VII (1867) i. xxiv. 50 The Italians have ever since taken care that St. Peter's chair shall never be a tramontan chair again. a1693 Disc. Tenures in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) I. 73 Tramontane, as well as Ultramontane Civilians will deem it otherwise. 1710 Tatler No. 222 As for our Tramontain Lovers..A Man might as well serenade in Greenland as in our Region. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xxxi. 245 The rustic, or even savage, aspect of those Tramontane warriors, often disguised a simple and merciful disposition. 1806 W. Scott Let. 3 Mar. (1932) I. 281 To undertake your expedition to the tramontane region of Reged this season. 1820 Edinb. Rev. 34 185 (note) The clock in the clock-house built at Westminster in 1288..is usually considered as the earliest recorded instance of a Tramontane clock. 1840 Blackwood's Mag. 47 245 Our empire in India had waxed so powerful as to attract the envy of the Asiatic tramontane nations. 1884 J. S. Brewer Reign Henry VIII I. ix. 279 A tramontane ecclesiastic. b. With the connotation ‘uncouth, unpolished, barbarous’. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [adjective] untheweda1325 unbenec1400 incondite1539 undight1555 ungentle1565 impolished1583 transalpinea1592 impolited1598 uncourtly1598 tartarous1602 impolite1612 unelevated1627 unfashioned1630 unbrushed1640 unhewed1644 hirsute1658 unhewn1659 inelegant1667 sordid1668 ingenteel1694 barbarous1700 ungracefula1732 tramontane1740 uninformed1754 clumsy1758 heavy1817 uncharmed1818 nettle-rough1850 blowzy1851 mal élevé1878 inexquisite1922 pseudo-sophisticated1925 society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > lack of civilization > [adjective] wilda1300 bestiala1398 wilderna1400 savagine?a1439 barbaric1490 rudea1530 barbar1535 barbarous1538 pagan1550 uncivil1553 Scythical1559 raw?1573 savaged1583 incivil1586 savage1589 barbarian1591 uncivilized1607 negerous1609 mountainous1613 ruvid1632 ruvidous1632 barbarious1633 incivilizeda1645 alabandical1656 inhumanea1680 tramontane1740 semi-barbarous1798 irreclaimed1814 semi-savage1833 semiferine1854 warrigal1855 sloven1856 semi-barbaric1864 pre-civilized1876 wild and woolly1884 jungle1908 medieval1917 jungli1920 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > unrefined boistousc1300 untheweda1325 uplandisha1387 unaffiled1390 rudea1393 knavishc1405 peoplisha1425 clubbedc1440 blunt1477 lob?1507 robust1511 borel1513 carterly1519 clubbish1530 rough?1531 rustical?1532 incondite1539 agrestc1550 rusticc1550 brute1555 lobcocka1556 loutisha1556 carterlike1561 boorish1562 ruggedc1565 lobbish1567 loutlike1567 sowish1570 clownish1581 unrefined1582 impolished1583 homespun1590 transalpinea1592 swaddish1593 unpolished1594 untutored1595 swabberly1596 tartarous1602 porterly1603 lobcocked1606 lob-like1606 cluster-fisted1611 agrestic1617 inurbane1623 unelevated1627 incult1628 unbrushed1640 vulgar1643 unhewed1644 unsmooth1648 hirsute1658 loutardly1658 unhewn1659 roughsome?c1660 sordid1668 inhumanea1680 coarse1699 brutal1709 ramgunshoch1721 tramontane1740 uncouth1740 no-nationa1756 unurbane1760 turnipy1792 rudas1802 common1804 cubbish1819 clodhopping1828 vulgarian1833 cloddish1844 unkempt1846 bush1851 vulgarish1860 rodney1866 crude1876 ignorant1886 yobby1910 nekulturny1932 oikish1959 yobbish1966 ocker1972 down and dirty1977 1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber ix. 185 This I have mention'd to shew not only our Tramontane Taste, but that [etc.]. 1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 533 Virtue is so scarce, That to suppose a scene where she presides Is tramontane, and stumbles all belief. 1796 C. Smith Marchmont IV. 115 I..for a man of fashion had strange tramontane ideas. 1832 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 31 101 I beg..if these can be your real sentiments, that you will keep them as private as possible. They are totally tramontane in this part of the world. 2. Of the wind: Coming across or from beyond the mountains; spec. in reference to Italy, Blowing from beyond the Alps: cf. B. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > from specific region etesian1601 tramontane1705 Slavonian1812 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 27 That Side of the Church..which faces the Tramontane Wind. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature IV. 236 Where no tramontane blasts could come from masses of snow. 1869 Daily News 10 Dec. I..was exposed to a tramontane wind as bitter as an oration of Mr. Roebuck, in his most sarcastic mood. 1877 A. J. Ross Mem. A. Ewing vi. 63 A fierce tramontane wind usually blowing. B. n. †1. The north pole-star: originally so called in Italy and Provence, because visible beyond the Alps: cf. Italian tramontana (Florio 1598), Old French tresmontaine (c1295 in Godefroy). Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > star > kind of star > giant > [noun] > supergiant > Pole star North Stara1387 polea1398 shipman-star1398 pole arcticc1400 tramontanec1400 transmontane starc1400 pommel1503 sail-star?c1510 Pole Star1555 star?1555 Arctic Pole1565 polar star1578 northern star1590 cynosure1596 Polaris1675 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 211 I schal telde vp my trone in þe tramountayne. 1604 C. Edmondes Observ. Cæsars Comm. II. vi. xiiii. 40 Directions, both from the loadstone of reason, and tramontane of experience to shape an easie and successfull course. 1633 W. Drummond Poems (1656) 166 The Tramontane which thy faire course directs, Thy Counsels shall approve by their effects. 2. In the Mediterranean and esp. in Italy, The north wind, as coming from beyond the Alps; hence generally, a cold wind from a mountain range. (Now usually in Italian form tramontana.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction > winds from specific compass points > north north windeOE aquilonc1374 northa1382 Boreas1398 breeze1589 tramontane1615 galern1693 northern1777 norther1827 northerly1895 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey i. 38 The boysterous Tramontana..here [i.e. at Constantinople] most violently rages. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1776) 316 [Florence and Rome] exposed to the nipping Tramontans (for so they call the Northern winds). 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Tramontane.., the North Wind. 1773 P. Brydone Tour Sicily & Malta I. ii. 17 This morning..we have got a fine brisk tramontane (or North wind). 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 292 The deadening sirrocco wind, which is immediately succeeded by a tramontana, the bise. 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 21 Mar. 11/2 An excessively cold tramontana is blowing. 3. One who dwells beyond the mountains: originally applied in Italy to foreigners beyond the Alps; also by these nations to the Italians; hence, a stranger, a foreigner; an outsider, barbarian. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider > from another country outlandishOE WelshmanlOE outlandish manc1300 foreign?a1400 strangerc1460 foreigner1483 outborna1557 tramontane1593 transmarine1596 outlander1598 outlandisher1599 exotic1651 Outalian1668 furriner1849 Dutchman1857 Uitlander1892 Johnny Foreigner1899 non-patrial1971 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 62 Let not the Italians call you dul-headed Tramontani. 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 97 Our Holy Father the Pope likes no Tramontanes [= French] in Italie. 1636 P. Massinger Great Duke of Florence ii. ii. sig. D3^v A happinesse Those Tramontaines ne're tasted. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iv. iii. 251 Yet was it a great labour for a Tramountain to climb over the Alps to S. Peters Chair. 1703 R. Steele Tender Husband Epil. Till then forgive your Writers, that can't bear You shou'd such very Tramontanes appear. 1733 H. Fielding Miser (London ed.) ii. iii. 20 Oh! Child, you are quite a Tramontane: I must bring you to like dear Spadille. 1811 L.-M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude II. xxvi. 52 See that horrible tramontane Major Brag who dined here to-day. 1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity VI. xiii. ix. 181 The subtle Italians found themselves circumvented by the steady aggression of the Tramontanes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < adj.n.c1400
随便看	to rise with the laverock to rise with the sun to patch out to patch things up to pathe the way to patise to to patter flash to patter in flash to pattern out to pave the way to paw out to paw up to pawl the capstan to pawn to pay to pay a call to pay a person in her own coin to pay a person in his own coin to pay a person off scot and lot to pay a person scot and lot to pay a visit to pepper alley to pay an account to pay any one in his own coin to pay at the stub to pay attention or one's attention to