transcriptionn.

Brit.

/tranˈskrɪpʃən/,

/trɑːnˈskrɪpʃən/, U.S.

/træn(t)ˈskrɪpʃən/

Etymology: < Latin transcriptiōn-em, noun of action < transcrībĕre to transcribe, or < French transciption (16th cent. in Godefroy Compl.).

a. The action or process of transcribing or copying. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > manner of writing > copying or transcribing > [noun]

transumption1412

copying1580

transcription1598

transcripting1609

exscribinga1631

transcribing1700

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Trascrittione, a transcription, a writing, or copying out.

1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xv. xiii. 548 The error was committed in the transcription of the copy from Ptolomies library.

1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 93 By a diligent comparing of Copies upon every transcription.

1762 J. Kennedy Compl. Syst. Astron. Chronol. (ad fin.) Evidence which no transcription can corrupt.

a1848 R. W. Hamilton Rewards & Punishm. (1853) i. 43 We might take the Decalogue and trace its transcription upon the soul of man.

1858 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches (1873) III. iv. xi. 416 Manual labour..applied to the transcription and multiplication of books..was a method of instruction.

b. Transliteration.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > manner of writing > transliteration > [noun]

transposition1582

transpose1589

trajectiona1613

translettering1802

transliteration1835

transcription1870

metagraphy1872

1870 F. W. Farrar Families of Speech i. 14 He succeeded..in demonstrating the law of transcription, and for the first time reading these names in their proper form.

1870 F. W. Farrar Families of Speech i. 31 The transcription into Russian letters.

2. The product of this process; a transcript; a copy.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written text > [noun] > transcript or copy

transcriptc1290

copyc1330

exemplara1382

again-writingc1384

transumption1412

tenorc1450

examplea1475

transumpt1480

duplicate1532

exemplary1534

double1543

duplicament1574

manuscript1600

apograph1601

exscript1609

exscription1637

transcription1649

autograph1868

1649 H. Hammond Vindic. Addresse 43 Beside this transcription, there is but one passage.., to which he thinkes fit to make reply.

1657 W. Rumsey Organon Salutis (1659) Ep. Ded. 11 Most medicinal Books are usually but bare transcriptions from former Writers.

1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Transcription, a Writing copied, or transcribed.

1882 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. I. 116/2 A transcription of the work, made in the beginning of the third century.

3. Music. The arrangement, or (more loosely) modification, of a composition for some voice or instrument other than that for which it was originally written; an instance of this, a transcribed piece.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > composing music > [noun] > arranging

arrangement1849

adaptation1860

transcription1864

intabulation1960

1864 in Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang.

1878 E. J. Hopkins in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 21/1 Variations or adaptations like the popular ‘Transcriptions’ of the present day.

1885 Athenæum 26 Dec. 851/1 To the musicianly ear the term ‘transcription’ has generally an unpleasant sound, because it frequently bears reference to some uncalled-for distortion of a composer's original idea.

4. Roman Law. A transfer, assignment (of a debt or obligation); = Latin transcriptio.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal obligation > [noun] > transfer or replacement of obligation

novation1543

transcription1677

subrogation1704

substitution1803

innovation1861

expensilation1875

1677 J. Owen Doctr. Justif. by Faith in Wks. (1851) V. 170 This he [Paul] did by the transcription of both the debts of Onesimus to himself.

1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes iii. 226 There is transcription from person to person when, for example, I enter to your debit what is due to me by Titius, provided always he has delegated you to me in his stead.

a. A gramophone record made from a secondary source, not the master recording.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > a sound recording > [noun] > record or disc > type of record

pre-release1871

record album1904

re-release1907

ten-inch1908

twelve-incher1909

demonstration record1911

pressing1912

swinger1924

repressing1927

transcription1931

long-player1932

rush release1935

pop record1937

album1945

demonstration disc1947

pop disc1947

pop single1947

long-play1948

picture disc1948

781949

single1949

forty-five1950

demo disc1952

EP1952

shellac1954

top of the pops1956

gold disc1957

acetate1962

platinum disc1964

chartbuster1965

miss1965

cover1966

reissue1966

pirate label1968

rock record1968

thirty-three (and a third)1968

sampler1969

white-label1970

double album1971

dubplate1976

seven-inch1977

mini-album1980

joint1991

1931 Gramophone Dec. 264/2 ‘Transcriptions’, too, for which our unkind readers used to prefer the phrase ‘faked records’, are not very popular over here.

1968 Jazz Monthly Feb. 4/1 Numerous ‘pirate’ labels also issuing EPs and LPs,..tend increasingly to concentrate on air shots and transcriptions from a variety of sources.

b. Broadcasting. The recording of a broadcast for subsequent reproduction; a record or broadcast so made. Also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > broadcasting > putting on or producing broadcast > [noun] > recording copy for broadcasting

transcription1932

1932 B.B.C. Year-bk. 1933 290 The relaying of the Empire station by overseas transmitters cannot for various reasons be assumed to be possible as a regular practice and therefore the recording of programmes on gramophone discs becomes an important subsidiary method of programme circulation... American programmes are already circulated by this method, which is termed ‘electrical transcription’.

1936 Communication Mar. 5 (heading) The growing importance of transcription broadcasting.

1936 Communication Mar. 6/2 The transcriptions in every-day use in broadcast stations include both lateral-cut and vertical-cut recordings.

1943 B.B.C. Year-bk. 23 An important broadcasting activity little known in this country is the projection overseas, by means of recordings, of the culture and wartime life of Britain... Known collectively as the London Transcription Service, the activity has been undertaken by the BBC for the Empire since the beginning of the war, and for foreign countries for nearly two years.

1956 B.B.C. Handbk. 1957 42 English by Radio lessons..reach an audience of several millions by direct transmission from London, by relays, and by transcription recordings.

1956 B.B.C. Handbk. 1957 133 Among other transcriptions, the special service for Colonial schools..proved successful.

1978 A–Z of BBC (ed. 2) 225/2 Transcription services are the BBC's channel for selling Radio Programmes to stations overseas.

c. Used attributively to designate equipment used in professional recording or broadcasting transcription, or gen. of a standard or type so used.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > broadcasting > equipment > [adjective] > used in transcription

transcription1936

society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > sound recording or reproducing equipment > [adjective]

integrating1654

phonographical1846

melographic1863

phonographic1878

transcription1936

hi-fi1938

high fidelity1938

low fidelity1939

reel-to-reel1961

1936 Communication Mar. 8/2 Noise in the output of a transcription equipment is often caused by pickup of the motor vibration.

1943 Proc. IRE 31 52 (heading) The measurement of transcription-turntable speed variation.

1957 Long Playing Rec. Libr. Catal. & Handbk. 10 The only answer..is the use of a ‘transcription motor’, implying a high standard of design and finish and individual care in manufacture.

1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 271 The large transcription tape decks are normally equipped to play either type.

1965 Wireless World Aug. 6 (advt.) The Goldring-Lenco GL 70 transcription unit with its integrally mounted transcription arm continues to be the first choice of discriminating record lovers with custom-built equipment.

1978 Lancashire Life Nov. 110/1 (advt.) All the illustrated units are complete music centres with Dolby cassette deck-belt driven transcription unit.

6. Biology. The process by which genetic information represented by the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA of a cell or virus is copied into molecules of RNA, which are synthesized with the DNA serving as a template.reverse transcription: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > genetic techniques

selection1837

runting1893

sex control1898

progeny test1910

insemination1923

progeny-testing1926

transformation1928

translation1955

hybridization1959

transcription1961

reverse transcription1970

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [noun] > genetic information storage > transmission of genetic information

secondary association1931

translation1955

transcription1961

reverse transcription1970

1961 F. Jacob & J. Monod in Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quantitative Biol. 26 193/1 The second process, which we shall call transcription, allows the gene to perform its physiological function.

1970 Nature 27 June 1198/1 For the past twenty years the cardinal tenet of molecular biology has been that the flow or transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA and then its translation to protein is strictly one way.

1971 D. J. Cove Genetics xi. 163 Mutations in the promoter region lead to a reduction in the rate of messenger synthesis from the whole operon. The promoter is thought to be the region for the attachment of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for transcription.

1973 Sci. Amer. Apr. 34/2 In prokaryotes, which include the many species of bacteria, transcription and translation of messenger RNA occur at the same time and place.

Derivatives

tranˈscriptional adj. of, pertaining to, or of the nature of transcription.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > manner of writing > copying or transcribing > [adjective]

transcriptitious1655

transcriptural1827

transcriptional1881

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [adjective] > genetic techniques

transcriptional1881

transcribable1934

progeny-tested1937

post-transcriptional1969

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [adjective] > genetic information storage > transcription

transcriptional1881

1881 B. F. Westcott & F. J. A. Hort New Test. in Orig. Greek II. Introd. ii. 22 Transcriptional Probability is not directly..concerned with the relative excellence of rival readings, but merely with the relative fitness of each for explaining the existence of the others.

1905 J. R. Harris in Expositor Sept. 166 Traces of such transcriptional errors.

1907 H. S. Cronin in Eng. Hist. Rev. Apr. 294 Both Latin versions must have had some transcriptional history.

1970 Nature 29 Aug. 910/1 A similar mechanism controls gene expression at the transcriptional level during bacterial sporulation.

1981 L. L. Mays Genetics ix. 416 The prokaryotic systems that operate via transcriptional control often utilize different control systems.

tranˈscriptionally adv. on transcriptional grounds; also, in Biology, in a transcriptional way.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > manner of writing > copying or transcribing > [adverb]

transcriptively1646

transcriptionally1911

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [adverb] > transcription

transcriptionally1911

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [adverb] > genetic techniques

transcriptionally1911

upstream1977

1911 K. Lake Earlier Epist. St. Paul 419 The omission is transcriptionally slightly the more probable reading.

1975 Nature 5 June 462/2 This transcriptionally active DNA represents r-protein genes.

1983 Nature 23 June 677/1 Transcriptionally active chromatin.

Draft additions June 2021

transcription factor n. Molecular Biology any of various proteins that regulate the transcription (sense 6) of RNA from DNA by binding to specific DNA sequences.

ΚΠ

1969 D. L. Wilson & E. P. Geiduschek in Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 62 516 Evidently the appearance of this activity—which we have called transcription factor one (TF1)—is associated with protein synthesis in the virus-infected cell.

1994 New Scientist 23 Apr. 34/2 He noticed that variations in the levels of a transcription factor called ‘dorsal’ act to shape the development of muscles, internal organs, skin and nervous tissues.

2011 L. Wolpert Developmental Biol: Very Short Introd. i. 9 Whether a gene is transcribed into mRNA depends on the binding of special proteins—transcription factors—to particular control regions in the DNA.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	transcription
释义	transcriptionn. Brit. /tranˈskrɪpʃən/, /trɑːnˈskrɪpʃən/, U.S. /træn(t)ˈskrɪpʃən/ Etymology: < Latin transcriptiōn-em, noun of action < transcrībĕre to transcribe, or < French transciption (16th cent. in Godefroy Compl.). 1. a. The action or process of transcribing or copying. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > manner of writing > copying or transcribing > [noun] transumption1412 copying1580 transcription1598 transcripting1609 exscribinga1631 transcribing1700 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Trascrittione, a transcription, a writing, or copying out. 1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xv. xiii. 548 The error was committed in the transcription of the copy from Ptolomies library. 1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 93 By a diligent comparing of Copies upon every transcription. 1762 J. Kennedy Compl. Syst. Astron. Chronol. (ad fin.) Evidence which no transcription can corrupt. a1848 R. W. Hamilton Rewards & Punishm. (1853) i. 43 We might take the Decalogue and trace its transcription upon the soul of man. 1858 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches (1873) III. iv. xi. 416 Manual labour..applied to the transcription and multiplication of books..was a method of instruction. b. Transliteration. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > manner of writing > transliteration > [noun] transposition1582 transpose1589 trajectiona1613 translettering1802 transliteration1835 transcription1870 metagraphy1872 1870 F. W. Farrar Families of Speech i. 14 He succeeded..in demonstrating the law of transcription, and for the first time reading these names in their proper form. 1870 F. W. Farrar Families of Speech i. 31 The transcription into Russian letters. 2. The product of this process; a transcript; a copy. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written text > [noun] > transcript or copy transcriptc1290 copyc1330 exemplara1382 again-writingc1384 transumption1412 tenorc1450 examplea1475 transumpt1480 duplicate1532 exemplary1534 double1543 duplicament1574 manuscript1600 apograph1601 exscript1609 exscription1637 transcription1649 autograph1868 1649 H. Hammond Vindic. Addresse 43 Beside this transcription, there is but one passage.., to which he thinkes fit to make reply. 1657 W. Rumsey Organon Salutis (1659) Ep. Ded. 11 Most medicinal Books are usually but bare transcriptions from former Writers. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Transcription, a Writing copied, or transcribed. 1882 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. I. 116/2 A transcription of the work, made in the beginning of the third century. 3. Music. The arrangement, or (more loosely) modification, of a composition for some voice or instrument other than that for which it was originally written; an instance of this, a transcribed piece. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > composing music > [noun] > arranging arrangement1849 adaptation1860 transcription1864 intabulation1960 1864 in Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. 1878 E. J. Hopkins in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 21/1 Variations or adaptations like the popular ‘Transcriptions’ of the present day. 1885 Athenæum 26 Dec. 851/1 To the musicianly ear the term ‘transcription’ has generally an unpleasant sound, because it frequently bears reference to some uncalled-for distortion of a composer's original idea. 4. Roman Law. A transfer, assignment (of a debt or obligation); = Latin transcriptio. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal obligation > [noun] > transfer or replacement of obligation novation1543 transcription1677 subrogation1704 substitution1803 innovation1861 expensilation1875 1677 J. Owen Doctr. Justif. by Faith in Wks. (1851) V. 170 This he [Paul] did by the transcription of both the debts of Onesimus to himself. 1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes iii. 226 There is transcription from person to person when, for example, I enter to your debit what is due to me by Titius, provided always he has delegated you to me in his stead. 5. a. A gramophone record made from a secondary source, not the master recording. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > a sound recording > [noun] > record or disc > type of record pre-release1871 record album1904 re-release1907 ten-inch1908 twelve-incher1909 demonstration record1911 pressing1912 swinger1924 repressing1927 transcription1931 long-player1932 rush release1935 pop record1937 album1945 demonstration disc1947 pop disc1947 pop single1947 long-play1948 picture disc1948 781949 single1949 forty-five1950 demo disc1952 EP1952 shellac1954 top of the pops1956 gold disc1957 acetate1962 platinum disc1964 chartbuster1965 miss1965 cover1966 reissue1966 pirate label1968 rock record1968 thirty-three (and a third)1968 sampler1969 white-label1970 double album1971 dubplate1976 seven-inch1977 mini-album1980 joint1991 1931 Gramophone Dec. 264/2 ‘Transcriptions’, too, for which our unkind readers used to prefer the phrase ‘faked records’, are not very popular over here. 1968 Jazz Monthly Feb. 4/1 Numerous ‘pirate’ labels also issuing EPs and LPs,..tend increasingly to concentrate on air shots and transcriptions from a variety of sources. b. Broadcasting. The recording of a broadcast for subsequent reproduction; a record or broadcast so made. Also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > putting on or producing broadcast > [noun] > recording copy for broadcasting transcription1932 1932 B.B.C. Year-bk. 1933 290 The relaying of the Empire station by overseas transmitters cannot for various reasons be assumed to be possible as a regular practice and therefore the recording of programmes on gramophone discs becomes an important subsidiary method of programme circulation... American programmes are already circulated by this method, which is termed ‘electrical transcription’. 1936 Communication Mar. 5 (heading) The growing importance of transcription broadcasting. 1936 Communication Mar. 6/2 The transcriptions in every-day use in broadcast stations include both lateral-cut and vertical-cut recordings. 1943 B.B.C. Year-bk. 23 An important broadcasting activity little known in this country is the projection overseas, by means of recordings, of the culture and wartime life of Britain... Known collectively as the London Transcription Service, the activity has been undertaken by the BBC for the Empire since the beginning of the war, and for foreign countries for nearly two years. 1956 B.B.C. Handbk. 1957 42 English by Radio lessons..reach an audience of several millions by direct transmission from London, by relays, and by transcription recordings. 1956 B.B.C. Handbk. 1957 133 Among other transcriptions, the special service for Colonial schools..proved successful. 1978 A–Z of BBC (ed. 2) 225/2 Transcription services are the BBC's channel for selling Radio Programmes to stations overseas. c. Used attributively to designate equipment used in professional recording or broadcasting transcription, or gen. of a standard or type so used. ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > equipment > [adjective] > used in transcription transcription1936 society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > sound recording or reproducing equipment > [adjective] integrating1654 phonographical1846 melographic1863 phonographic1878 transcription1936 hi-fi1938 high fidelity1938 low fidelity1939 reel-to-reel1961 1936 Communication Mar. 8/2 Noise in the output of a transcription equipment is often caused by pickup of the motor vibration. 1943 Proc. IRE 31 52 (heading) The measurement of transcription-turntable speed variation. 1957 Long Playing Rec. Libr. Catal. & Handbk. 10 The only answer..is the use of a ‘transcription motor’, implying a high standard of design and finish and individual care in manufacture. 1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 271 The large transcription tape decks are normally equipped to play either type. 1965 Wireless World Aug. 6 (advt.) The Goldring-Lenco GL 70 transcription unit with its integrally mounted transcription arm continues to be the first choice of discriminating record lovers with custom-built equipment. 1978 Lancashire Life Nov. 110/1 (advt.) All the illustrated units are complete music centres with Dolby cassette deck-belt driven transcription unit. 6. Biology. The process by which genetic information represented by the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA of a cell or virus is copied into molecules of RNA, which are synthesized with the DNA serving as a template.reverse transcription: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > genetic techniques selection1837 runting1893 sex control1898 progeny test1910 insemination1923 progeny-testing1926 transformation1928 translation1955 hybridization1959 transcription1961 reverse transcription1970 the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [noun] > genetic information storage > transmission of genetic information secondary association1931 translation1955 transcription1961 reverse transcription1970 1961 F. Jacob & J. Monod in Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quantitative Biol. 26 193/1 The second process, which we shall call transcription, allows the gene to perform its physiological function. 1970 Nature 27 June 1198/1 For the past twenty years the cardinal tenet of molecular biology has been that the flow or transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA and then its translation to protein is strictly one way. 1971 D. J. Cove Genetics xi. 163 Mutations in the promoter region lead to a reduction in the rate of messenger synthesis from the whole operon. The promoter is thought to be the region for the attachment of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for transcription. 1973 Sci. Amer. Apr. 34/2 In prokaryotes, which include the many species of bacteria, transcription and translation of messenger RNA occur at the same time and place. Derivatives tranˈscriptional adj. of, pertaining to, or of the nature of transcription. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > manner of writing > copying or transcribing > [adjective] transcriptitious1655 transcriptural1827 transcriptional1881 the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [adjective] > genetic techniques transcriptional1881 transcribable1934 progeny-tested1937 post-transcriptional1969 the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [adjective] > genetic information storage > transcription transcriptional1881 1881 B. F. Westcott & F. J. A. Hort New Test. in Orig. Greek II. Introd. ii. 22 Transcriptional Probability is not directly..concerned with the relative excellence of rival readings, but merely with the relative fitness of each for explaining the existence of the others. 1905 J. R. Harris in Expositor Sept. 166 Traces of such transcriptional errors. 1907 H. S. Cronin in Eng. Hist. Rev. Apr. 294 Both Latin versions must have had some transcriptional history. 1970 Nature 29 Aug. 910/1 A similar mechanism controls gene expression at the transcriptional level during bacterial sporulation. 1981 L. L. Mays Genetics ix. 416 The prokaryotic systems that operate via transcriptional control often utilize different control systems. tranˈscriptionally adv. on transcriptional grounds; also, in Biology, in a transcriptional way. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > manner of writing > copying or transcribing > [adverb] transcriptively1646 transcriptionally1911 the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [adverb] > transcription transcriptionally1911 the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [adverb] > genetic techniques transcriptionally1911 upstream1977 1911 K. Lake Earlier Epist. St. Paul 419 The omission is transcriptionally slightly the more probable reading. 1975 Nature 5 June 462/2 This transcriptionally active DNA represents r-protein genes. 1983 Nature 23 June 677/1 Transcriptionally active chromatin. Draft additions June 2021 transcription factor n. Molecular Biology any of various proteins that regulate the transcription (sense 6) of RNA from DNA by binding to specific DNA sequences. ΚΠ 1969 D. L. Wilson & E. P. Geiduschek in Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 62 516 Evidently the appearance of this activity—which we have called transcription factor one (TF1)—is associated with protein synthesis in the virus-infected cell. 1994 New Scientist 23 Apr. 34/2 He noticed that variations in the levels of a transcription factor called ‘dorsal’ act to shape the development of muscles, internal organs, skin and nervous tissues. 2011 L. Wolpert Developmental Biol: Very Short Introd. i. 9 Whether a gene is transcribed into mRNA depends on the binding of special proteins—transcription factors—to particular control regions in the DNA. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1598
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